Pseudonymity is a word derived from pseudonym , meaning false name , and anonymity , meaning unknown or undeclared source, describing a state of mistaken disguised identity. The pseudonym identifies a holder , that is, one or more human beings who possess but do not disclose their Personal name true name s that is, legal identities . ref Timothy C. May May, Timothy C. 1991 . http www.activism.net cypherpunk crypto anarchy.html The Crypto Anarchist Manifesto . ref Most pseudonym holders use pseudonyms because they wish to remain Anonymity anonymous , but anonymity is difficult to achieve, and is often ... frequently used today with regard to identity and the Internet, the concept of pseudonymity has a long ... in response to several Anti Federalist Papers , also written under pseudonyms. As a result of this pseudonymity ... not been able to discern which of the three authored certain papers. Pseudonymity has become an important ... literatur Anon Terminology v0.23.pdf Anonymity, Unobservability, and Pseudonymity A Proposal for Terminology ... 2010 bot H3llBot ref System operators sysops at sites offering pseudonymity, such as Wikipedia, are not likely ... that Internet users deserve stronger pseudonymity so that they can protect themselves against ... speech on equipment they do not own. Pseudonymity and confidentiality Most Web sites that offer pseudonymity ... 18, 2003 . ref Sites that offer pseudonymity are also vulnerable to confidentiality breaches ..., their true names may be revealed at any time. Pseudonymity and online reputations Pseudonymity is an important ... Workship Portland, Oregon, Aug. 30 Sept. 3, 2004 . ref also called serial pseudonymity , in which abusive ... title Anonymity, Pseudonymity, and Inescapable Identity on the Net url http portal.acm.org citation.cfm ... pad making.html Making pseudonymity acceptable Seems out of date or abandoned? http www.m o o t.org ... bibliography on anonymity and pseudonymity. Includes hyperlinks. http www.tik.ee.ethz.ch rennhard shopaware ... www.eff.org Privacy Anonymity Electronic Frontier Foundation EFF Anonymity Pseudonymity Archive Category ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 A crypto society is an encrypted virtual community . It is nearly impossible to create a real crypto society Clarify me date March 2008 as it would take too much time and resources to encrypt all the human to human interactions. Therefore, nearly all encrypted communities are hosted on the Internet with computers aiding the users in the encryption of their interactions. Usually, such communities employ public key cryptography public key cryptography to ensure that their users can speak freely amongst themselves with a greatly reduced probability of anyone else eavesdrop ping on their conversations. It is common for these communities to avoid real life identifiers, instead supporting anonymity or pseudonymity , so that members know each other by reputation . Some encrypted societies that exist today are Freenet Invisible IRC Project IIP I2P Anonymous remailer s See also Cipherspace Crypto anarchism Cypherpunk Data haven s DEFAULTSORT Crypto Society Category Applications of cryptography Category Crypto anarchism Category Technology in society Category Virtual communities es Criptosociedad ... more details
Unreferenced date April 2008 Cipherspace or cypherspace is the encrypt ed and often pseudonymity pseudonymous or fully anonymity anonymous equivalent to cyberspace . Examples of cipherspaces include Freenet , I2P , Tor anonymity network Tor , and some Anonymous remailer anonymous mail forwarding services . According to its advocates, it should be impossible to know the actual identity of anyone in cipherspace. Therefore, it would be impossible to impose any censorship and to enforce any law. Because of that, they assert that concepts like copyright would be unenforceable inside cipherspace. Some doubt the possibility of complete anonymity , citing that real networks, even virtual private networks , need access to external resources, which tend to be trackable. wtf, just take a look at the Crypto anarchy article See also Anonymous internet banking Crypto anarchism Cryptography Cypherpunk Meatspace Virtual private network Category Applications of cryptography Category Anonymity networks Category Crypto anarchism Category Cyberspace crypto stub es Ciferespacio pt Criptoespa o ... more details
wiktionarypar anon Anon TOC right Anon is the abbreviation for Anonymity , which is derived from the Greek anonymia without a name . Anon may also refer to People Anon Boonsukco born April 1, 1978 , a professional footballer from Thailand Anon Nanok born March 30, 1983 , a football Defender from Thailand Anon Sangsanoi born March 1, 1984 , a Thai footballer Bol anon , the Boholano people of the island province of Bohol, Philippines Paring Bol anon , the fraternity of Roman Catholic priests from Bohol David A n Gonz lez born April 3, 1989 , a Spanish footballer Places An n , a barrio in Puerto Rico A n de Moncayo , a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain Anones , a country settlement of Naranjito, Puerto Rico R o An n , a river in Ponce, Puerto Rico Other Anon help groups Al Anon Alateen , an international fellowship of relatives and friends of alcoholics Em Anon , Emotions Anonymous Gam Anon , Gamblers Anonymous Nar Anon , a twelve step program for friends and family members of drug addicts not to be confused with Narconon , a Scientology drug rehab program Work Anon , Workaholics Anonymous Java Anon Proxy , a proxy system designed to allow users to browse the World Wide Web with revocable pseudonymity The Anon , one of two bands made up of pupils from Charterhouse School in Surrey county, England See also Annona , a genus of flowering plants in the pawpaw sugar apple family, Annonaceae Anonymous disambiguation List of twelve step groups disambig given name Category Anonymity Anon Category Spanish language surnames A n fr Anon ... more details
Gnosticism The Prayer of the Apostle Paul was the first manuscript from the Jung Codex Codex I of the Nag Hammadi Library . It seems to have been added to the codex after the longer tractates had been copied. Although the text, like the rest of the codices, is written in Coptic language Coptic , the title is written in Greek language Greek , which was the original language of the text. The manuscript is missing approximately two lines at the beginning. This text is clearly Pseudonymity pseudonymous and was not written by the historic Paul the Apostle Apostle Paul . It shows a distinctive Gnostic appeal unlike prayers in letters known to have come from Paul. Many scholars have dubbed it as a Valentinius Valentinian work due to characteristic phrases such as the psychic God this would indicate that it was composed between 150 and 300 AD. Scholars have found parallels to many other works which may be partial sources, including Corpus Hermeticum , the Three Steles of Seth , the Gospel of Philip , and the authentic Pauline letters. References Mueller, Dieter, The Prayer of the Apostle Paul Introduction , from The Nag Hammadi Library , James M. Robinson ed. , p. 27 External links http www.gnosis.org naghamm prayp.html A Translation by Dieter Mueller Category Gnostic apocrypha P The Prayers of Paul the Apostle Category Pauline related books Category Coptic literature Christian book stub ca Oraci de Pau es Oraci n de Pablo fr Pri re de Paul it Preghiera dell apostolo Paolo he pt Prece do ap stolo Paulo fi Apostoli Paavalin rukous ... more details
Refimprove date February 2008 File The Wrath of Elihu Butts set.jpg thumb right 240px The Wrath of Elihu by William Blake , 1805. Elihu is a character in the Hebrew Bible s Book of Job . According to the Book of Job, Elihu is one of Job Bible Job s friends, descended from Nahor Job 32 2, 34 1 . He is said to have descended from Children of Eber Buz who may be from the line of Abraham Book of Genesis Genesis 22 20 21 mentions Buz as a nephew of Abraham . Synopsis of Elihu s Monologues He is mentioned late in the text, Chapter 32, and opens his discourse with more modesty than displayed by the other antagonists. Elihu differs from the other antagonists in that his monologues discuss divine providence , which he insists are full of wisdom and mercy, that the righteous have their share of prosperity in this life, no less than the wicked, that God is supreme and that it becomes us to acknowledge and submit to that supremacy since the Creator wisely rules the world he made . He draws instances of benignity from, for example, the constant wonders of creation and of the seasons. Chapters 32 through 37 of the Book of Job consist entirely of Elihu s speech to Job. He is never mentioned again after the end of this speech. Possible pseudonymity of the character The speeches of Elihu who is not mentioned in the prologue contradict the fundamental opinions expressed by the friendly accusers in the central body of the text, that it is impossible that the righteous should suffer, all pain being a punishment for some sin. Elihu states that suffering may be decreed for the righteous as a protection against greater sin, for moral betterment and warning, and to elicit greater trust and dependence on a merciful, compassionate God in the midst of adversity. Some Citation needed date September 2010 question the status of Elihu s interruption and didactic sermon because of his sudden appearance and disappearance from the text. He is not mentioned in Job 2 11, in which Job s friends are int ... more details
sources Aland, Kurt. The Problem of Anonymity and Pseudonymity in Christian Literature of the First ... J. Pseudo Apostolic Letters. Journal of Biblical Literature 107 1988 469&ndash 94. Carson, D.A. Pseudonymity ... more details
is said to be anonymous . Compared with pseudonymity Sometimes it is desired that a person can establish ... to be using pseudonymity not anonymity , but sometimes the term anonymity is used to refer ... of Utica, New York , in the United States. Anonymity and pseudonymity in art Anonymity is directly related to the concept of obscurantism or pseudonymity , where an artist or group attempts to remain ... works Anonymous P2P Friend to friend Private P2P Personally identifiable information Pseudonymity ... more details
A pseudonymous remailer or nym server , as opposed to an anonymous remailer , is an Internet software program designed to allow people to write pseudonym ous messages on Usenet newsgroups and send pseudonymous email . Unlike purely anonymous remailers, it assigns its users a user name, and it keeps a database of instructions on how to return messages to the real user. These instructions usually involve the anonymous remailer network itself, thus protecting the true identity of the user. Primordial pseudonymous remailers once recorded enough information to trace the identity of the real user, making it possible for someone to obtain the identity of the real user through legal or illegal means. This form of pseudonymous remailer is no longer common. David Chaum wrote an article in 1981 that described many of the features present in modern pseudonymous remailers. ref cite journal first David last Chaum title Untraceable Electronic Mail, Return Addresses, and Digital Pseudonyms journal Communications of the ACM issue 2 date February 1981 url http freehaven.net anonbib cache chaum mix.pdf volume 24 ref The Penet remailer , which lasted from 1993 to 1996, was a popular pseudonymous remailer. Contemporary nym servers A nym server short for pseudonymity pseudonym server is a Server computing server that provides an untraceable e mail address, such that neither the nym server operator nor the operators of the remailers involved can discover which nym corresponds to which real identity. To set up a nym, you create a Pretty Good Privacy PGP keypair and submit it to the nym server, along with instructions called a reply block to anonymous remailer s such as Cypherpunk anonymous remailer Cypherpunk or Mixmaster anonymous remailer Mixmaster on how to send a message to your real address. The nym server returns a confirmation through this reply block. You then send a message to the address in the confirmation. To send a message through the nym server so that the From address is the ... more details
The Sybil attack in computer security is an attack wherein a reputation system is subverted by forging identities in Peer to peer peer to peer Computer network networks . It is named after the subject of the book Sybil book Sybil , a case study of a woman with Dissociative identity disorder multiple personality disorder . The name was suggested in or before 2002 by Brian Zill at Microsoft Research . ref cite journal last Douceur first John R. title The Sybil Attack journal International workshop on Peer To Peer Systems year 2002 url http www.cs.rice.edu Conferences IPTPS02 101.pdf accessdate 31 March 2011 ref Description A Sybil attack is one in which an attacker subverts the reputation system of a peer to peer computer network network by creating a large number of pseudonymity pseudonymous entities, using them to gain a disproportionately large influence. A reputation system s vulnerability to a Sybil attack depends on how cheaply identities can be generated, the degree to which the reputation system accepts inputs from entities that do not have a chain of trust linking them to a trusted entity, and whether the reputation system treats all entities identically. An entity on a peer to peer network is a piece of software which has access to local resources. An entity advertises itself on the peer to peer network by presenting itself with an identity . More than one identity can correspond to a single entity. In other words the mapping of identities to entities is many to one. Entities in peer to peer networks use multiple identities for purposes of redundancy, resource sharing, reliability and integrity. In peer to peer networks the identity is used as an abstraction so that a remote entity is aware of identities without necessarily knowing the correspondence of the identities with their local entities. By default, each distinct identity is usually assumed to correspond to a distinct local entity. In reality many identities may correspond to the same local entity. A ... more details
Citation needed date April 2010 . Functioning of anonymous P2P Anonymity and pseudonymity Some of the networks ... carry no identifiers. Others are actually pseudonymity pseudonymous instead of being identified ... more details
References references Bibliographic Resources Aland, Kurt. The Problem of Anonymity and Pseudonymity ..., D.A. Pseudonymity and Pseudepigraphy. Dictionary of New Testament Background . Eds. Craig A. Evans ... more details
Anonymous Internet Banking is the name given to the proposed use of strong financial cryptography to make electronic bank secrecy or more precisely pseudonymity pseudonymous banking possible. The bank issues currency in the form of electronic tokens that can be converted on presentation to the bank to some other currency. This concept has a long history in which free banking institutions have issued their own paper currency often backed by a physical commodity. History Whilst the academic study of trust relationships and systems has long been the forte of intelligence services such as the United States American NSA , the growth of the internet in the 1990s and the contemporary declassification of related knowledge allowed for greater public discussion of the potential for anonymous banking services by groups such as the Cryptoanarchy cryptoanarchists and cypherpunks . Implemented systems Examples of anonymous internet banking services and software that have already been implemented include eCache an anonymous bank operating over the Tor anonymity network Tor network. Bitcoin distributed P2P cryptocurrency . Pecunix an optionally? anonymous digital gold currency. Yodelbank an anonymous bank built on top of various digital gold currencies which ended operations during November 2005. Open Transactions Open source software, including a library, server, and test client, implementing untraceable digital cash and anonymous numbered accounts. The underlying mathematics Anonymous internet banking depends on the mathematics of public key cryptography and blind signature algorithms. In this simple example we have Alice and Bob and a banker. The banker generates an RSA public key with modulus math n P Q math , where math P math and math Q math are large Prime number primes , making math n math a semiprime . As described in RSA Operation RSA operation , the bank also generates public key exponent math e math and private key exponent math d math . Bob asks the banker for a 100 de ... more details
Infobox software name Java Anon Proxy logo screenshot File Screenshot.tiff thumb Screenshot JonDo caption Screenshot JonDo developer latest release version v00.14.004 ref http anonymous proxy servers.net wiki index.php JonDo changelog JonDo changelog JonDonym Wiki ref latest release date Start date and age 2011 03 09 latest preview version latest preview date operating system Cross platform programming language Java programming language Java genre proxy server license website http anonymous proxy servers.net en Jondos GmbH Java Anon Proxy , also known as JAP or JonDonym , is a proxy server proxy system designed to allow browsing the World Wide Web Web with revocable pseudonymity . ref name Privacy friendly law enforcement http anon.inf.tu dresden.de publications index en.html Privacy friendly law enforcement 2006 ref It was originally developed as part of a project of the Technische Universit t Dresden , the Universit t Regensburg and Privacy Commissioner of Schleswig Holstein . The client software is written in the Java programming language Java programming language. Cross platform, free, it sends requests through a Mix Cascade cascade and mixes the data streams of multiple users in order to further obfuscate the data to outsiders. JonDonym is available for all platforms that support Java. Design The JonDonym client program allows the user to choose among several Mix Cascade s i.e. a group of anonymization proxies offered by independent organisations. Users may choose by themselves whom of these operators they will trust, and whom they won t. This is different from peer to peer based anonymity networks like Tor anonymity network and I2P , whose anonymisation proxies are anonymous themselves, which means the users have to rely on unknown proxy operators every user of the service being by default a proxy operator . However, it means that all the relays used for JonDonym mediated connexion are known and identified, and therefore potentially targeted very easily by hac ... more details
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