A pseudohallucination is an involuntary sensory experience vivid enough to be regarded as a hallucination , but recognised by the patient not to be the result of external stimuli. In other words, it is a hallucination that is recognized as a hallucination, as opposed to a normal hallucination which would be perceived as real. An example used in psychiatry is the hearing of voices which are inside the head according to the patient in contrast, a hallucination would be indistinguishable to the patient from a real external stimulus, e.g. people were talking about me . The term is not widely used in the psychiatric and medical fields, as it is considered ambiguous. ref Berrios G.E. and Dening T.R. 1996 Pseudohallucinations a conceptual history. Psychological Medicine 26 753 763 ref The term nonpsychotic hallucination is more preferred. ref http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed 11154715?id Preview Index&tab Preview Index& Pseudohallucinations a pseudoconcept? ref Pseudohallucinations, then, are more likely to happen with a hallucinogenic drug . Thus, when one speaks of hallucinating when under the influence of such a drug excluding deliriants , they are probably referring to pseudohallucinations. They are considered a feature of conversion disorder , somatization disorder , and dissociative disorder s. ref Michael B. First, Allen Frances, Harold Alan Pincus. DSM IV TR Handbook of Differential Diagnosis American Psychiatric Pub, 2002, p. 64 ref Notes reflist Category Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants Category Psychosis Category Symptoms and signs Cognition, perception, emotional state and behaviour cs Pseudohalucinace et Pseudohallutsinatsioon pl Omamy rzekome ru ... more details
Infobox disease Name Ganser Syndrome Image Caption DiseasesDB 31852 ICD10 ICD10 F 44 8 f 40 ICD9 ICD9 300.15 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj med eMedicineTopic 840 MeshID D005162 Ganser syndrome is a rare dissociative disorder previously classified as a factitious disorder . It is characterized by nonsensical or wrong answers to questions or doing things incorrectly, other dissociative symptoms such as fugue state fugue , amnesia or conversion disorder , often with visual pseudohallucination s and a decreased state of consciousness . It is also sometimes called nonsense syndrome , balderdash syndrome , syndrome of approximate answers , pseudodementia , hysterical pseudodementia or prison psychosis . This last name, prison psychosis, is sometimes used because the syndrome occurs most frequently in prison inmates, where it may represent an attempt to gain leniency from prison or court officials. Ganser is an extremely rare variation of dissociative disorder . It is a reaction to extreme stress and the patient thereby suffers from approximation or giving absurd answers to simple questions. The syndrome can sometimes be diagnosed as merely malingering, however, it is more often defined as dissociative disorder. Symptoms include a clouding of consciousness, conversion disorder somatic conversion symptoms, confusion, stress, loss of personal identity, echolalia , and echopraxia . The psychological symptoms generally resemble the patient s sense of mental illness rather than any recognized category. Individuals also give approximate answers to simple questions. For example, How many legs are on a cat? , to which the subject may respond 3? . The syndrome may occur in persons with other mental disorders such as schizophrenia , depressive disorder s, Substance intoxication toxic states, paresis , alcohol abuse alcohol use disorders and factitious disorders . EEG data does not suggest any specific organic cause. ref name pmid3522461 cite journal author Cocores JA, Schlesin ... more details
sensory experience, and the three broad types of perceptual disturbance are hallucinations , pseudohallucination .... A pseudohallucination is experienced in internal or subjective space for example as voices ... more details
Other uses Infobox disease Name Hallucination Image August Natterer Meine Augen zur Zeit der Erscheinungen.jpg Caption My eyes at the moment of the apparitions by August Natterer . DiseasesDB 19769 ICD10 ICD10 R 44 r 40 ICD9 ICD9 780.1 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D006212 A hallucination , in the broadest sense of the word, is a perception in the absence of a stimulus physiology stimulus . In a stricter sense, hallucinations are defined as perceptions in a conscious and awake state in the absence of external stimuli which have qualities of real perception, in that they are vivid, substantial, and located in external objective space. The latter definition distinguishes hallucinations from the related phenomena of dream ing, which does not involve wakefulness illusion , which involves distorted or misinterpreted real perception mental imagery imagery , which does not mimic real perception and is under voluntary control and pseudohallucination , which does not mimic real perception, but is not under voluntary control. ref name Chiu cite journal author Leo P. W. Chiu year 1989 title Differential diagnosis and management of hallucinations journal Journal of the Hong Kong Medical Association volume 41 issue 3 pages 292 7 doi url http sunzi1.lib.hku.hk hkjo view 21 2100448.pdf format PDF ref Hallucinations also differ from delusion al perceptions , in which a correctly sensed and interpreted stimulus i.e. a real perception is given some additional and typically bizarre significance. Hallucinations can occur in any sensory modality visual system visual , auditory system auditory , olfaction olfactory , taste gustatory , tactition tactile , proprioception proprioceptive , equilibrioception equilibrioceptive , nociception nociceptive , thermoception thermoceptive and time chronoceptive . A mild form of hallucination is known as a disturbance , and can occur in any of the senses above. These may be things like seeing movement in peripheral vision , ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
