In differential geometry , a pseudoRiemannianmanifold ref citation last1 Benn first1 I.M. last2 Tucker ... A pseudoRiemannianmanifold math , M,g math is a differentiable manifold math ,M math equipped ... can be generalized to the pseudoRiemannian case. In particular, the fundamental theorem of Riemannian geometry is true of pseudoRiemannian manifolds as well. This allows one to speak of the Levi Civita connection on a pseudoRiemannianmanifold along with the associated curvature tensor . On the other ... case. For example, it is not true that every smooth manifold admits a pseudoRiemannian metric of a given ... not always inherit the structure of a pseudoRiemannianmanifold for example, the metric tensor become ... year 1968 page 208 ref also called a semi Riemannianmanifold is a generalization of a Riemannianmanifold . It is one of many mathematical objects named after Bernhard Riemann . The key difference between a Riemannianmanifold and a pseudoRiemannianmanifold is that on a pseudoRiemannianmanifold ... is called a pseudoRiemannian metric and its values can be positive, negative or zero. The signature of a pseudoRiemannian metric is var p var , var q var where both var p var and var q var are non negative. Lorentzian manifold A Lorentzian manifold is an important special case of a pseudoRiemannianmanifold in which the signature of the metric is 1, var n var 1 or sometimes var n var 1 ... the most important subclass of pseudoRiemannian manifolds. They are important because of their physical ... Causal structure . Properties of pseudoRiemannian manifolds Just as Euclidean space math mathbb R n math can be thought of as the model Riemannianmanifold , Minkowski space math mathbb R n 1,1 math with the flat Minkowski metric is the model Lorentzian manifold. Likewise, the model space for a pseudoRiemannianmanifold of signature var p var , var q var is math mathbb R p,q math sup with the metric .... Vr nceanu & R. Ro ca 1976 Introduction to Relativity and PseudoRiemannian Geometry , Bucarest Editura ... more details
manifold sub RiemannianmanifoldpseudoRiemannianmanifold Metric tensor Hermitian manifold Space ... Riemann surface s, manifolds that locally are patches of the complex plane In Riemannian geometry and the differential geometry of surfaces , a Riemannianmanifold or Riemannian space M , g is a real ... geometric notions on a Riemannianmanifold, such as angle s, lengths of curve s, area s or volume ... one could define Riemannianmanifold as a metric space which is Isometry isometric to a smooth submanifold ... as metric spaces Usually a Riemannianmanifold is defined as a smooth manifold with a smooth Section ... curve in the Riemannianmanifold M , then we define its length L in analogy with the example ... space connected Riemannianmanifold M becomes a metric space and even a intrinsic metric length ... . Riemannian metrics Let M be a differentiable manifold of dimension n . A Riemannian metric on M ... , g is a Riemannianmanifold . Examples With math frac partial partial x i math identified with math ... sup is called the canonical Euclidean metric . Let M , g be a Riemannianmanifold and math N subset ... of the injectivity of the differential of an immersion. Let M , g sup M sup be a Riemannianmanifold ... is a differentiable map and N , g sup N sup a Riemannianmanifold, then the pullback differential geometry ... a metric from being embedded in a Riemannianmanifold, and every covering space inherits a metric from covering a Riemannianmanifold. Existence of a metric Every paracompact differentiable manifold admits a Riemannian metric. To prove this result, let M be a manifold and U sub &alpha sub , &phi ... geodesic . Specifically, let M , g be a connected Riemannianmanifold. Let math c a,b rightarrow ... by d is the same as the original topology on M . Diameter The diameter of a Riemannianmanifold ... metric space complete and has finite diameter. Geodesic completeness A Riemannianmanifold M is geodesically ... to an open proper submanifold of any other Riemannianmanifold. The converse is not true, however ... more details
In mathematics , a sub Riemannianmanifold is a certain type of generalization of a Riemannianmanifold . Roughly speaking, to measure distances in a sub Riemannianmanifold, you are allowed to go only along curves tangent to so called horizontal subspaces . Sub Riemannian manifolds and so, a fortiori , Riemannian manifolds carry a natural intrinsic metric called the metric of Carnot Carath odory . The Hausdorff ... dimension unless it is actually a Riemannianmanifold . Sub Riemannian manifolds often occur in the study ... math A,B,C,D, dots math are horizontal. A sub Riemannianmanifold is a triple math M, H, g math , where math M math is a differentiable manifold , math H math is a completely non integrable horizontal ... . Any sub Riemannianmanifold carries the natural intrinsic metric , called the metric of Carnot ... phase may be understood in the language of sub Riemannian geometry. The Heisenberg group , important to quantum mechanics , carries a natural sub Riemannian structure. Definitions By a distribution ... the orientation of the car. Therefore, the position of car can be described by a point in a manifold ... from one position to another? This defines a Carnot Carath odory metric on the manifold math mathbb R 2 times S 1. math A closely related example of a sub Riemannian metric can be constructed on a Heisenberg ... . Then choosing any smooth positive quadratic form on math H math gives a sub Riemannian metric on the group. Properties For every sub Riemannianmanifold, there exists a Hamiltonian mechanics Hamiltonian , called the sub Riemannian Hamiltonian , constructed out of the metric for the manifold. Conversely, every such quadratic Hamiltonian induces a sub Riemannianmanifold. The existence of geodesics of the corresponding Hamilton Jacobi equation s for the sub Riemannian Hamiltonian are given by the Chow ... last Risler editor2 first Jean Jacques title Sub Riemannian geometry url http books.google.com books ... first Andr editor2 last Risler. editor2 first Jean Jacques title Sub Riemannian geometry url http ... more details
In Riemannian geometry , the cut locus of a point math p math in a manifold is roughly the set of all other points for which there are multiple minimizing geodesic geodesics connecting them from math p math , but it may contain additional points where the minimizing geodesic is unique, under certain circumstances. The distance function from p is a Smooth function smooth function except at the point p itself and the cut locus. Definition Fix a point math p math in a complete space complete Riemannianmanifold math M,g math , and consider the tangent space math T pM math . It is a standard result that for sufficiently small math v math in math T p M math , the curve defined by the exponential map Riemannian geometry Riemannian exponential map , math gamma t exp p tv math for math t math belonging to the interval math 0,1 math is a geodesic minimizing geodesic , and is the unique minimizing geodesic connecting the two endpoints. Here math exp p math denotes the exponential map from math p math . The cut locus of math p math in the tangent space is defined to be the set of all vectors math v math in math T pM math such that math gamma t exp p tv math is a minimizing geodesic for math t in 0,1 math but fails to be minimizing for math t in 0,1 epsilon math for each math epsilon 0 math . The cut ... of math p math in math M math as the points in the manifold where the geodesics starting at math p ... to the manifold, and this is the largest such radius. The global injectivity radius is defined to be the infimum of the injectivity radius at p , over all points of the manifold. Characterization ... theorems in Riemannian geometry. Cut locus of a subset One can similarly define the cut locus of a submanifold of the Riemannianmanifold, in terms of its normal exponential map. Notes reflist 2 See also Caustic mathematics References Petersen, Peter. Riemannian Geometry , 1st ed. Springer Verlag, 1998. Category Riemannian geometry de Schnittort ru ... more details
Riemannian most often refers to Bernhard Riemann Riemannian geometry RiemannianmanifoldPseudoRiemannianmanifold Sub RiemannianmanifoldRiemannian submanifold Riemannian metric Riemannian circle Riemannian submersion Riemannian Penrose inequality Riemannian holonomy Riemann curvature tensor Riemannian connection Riemannian connection on a surface Riemannian symmetric space Riemannian volume form Riemannian bundle metric List of topics named after Bernhard Riemann but may also refer to Hugo Riemann Neo Riemannian theory music disambiguation ... more details
wiktionary pseudo The prefix pseudo from Greek lying, false is used to mark something as falsity false , fraud ulent, or pretending to be something it is not. Biology prefix In biology and botany taxonomy the prefix pseudo or pseud can indicate a species with a visual similarity to another genus . An example is the Iris species Iris pseudacorus , by having leaves similar to those of Acorus calamus in the Acorus genus, having pseud acorus false acorus in its botanical name . See also lookfrom pseudo Falsehood Pseudorealism Deception Mimicry Pseudo.com Pseudo Blood of Our Own Category Prefixes Category Greek loanwords Category Biology prefixes and suffixes da Pseudo nl Pseudo sk Pseudo ... more details
length between the points hence it is a Riemannianmanifold . History seedetails History of manifolds ... to Riemannianmanifold s with constant negative and positive curvature , respectively. Carl Friedrich ... as a manifold. Riemannianmanifold s and Riemann surface s are named after Riemann. Hermann Weyl gave ... To measure distances and angles on manifolds, the manifold must be Riemannian. A Riemannian ... differentiable manifolds of constant dimension can be given the structure of a Riemannianmanifold. The Euclidean space itself carries a natural structure of Riemannianmanifold the tangent spaces are naturally ... product. Any Riemannianmanifold is a Finsler manifold. Lie groups Main Lie group Lie groups , named ... manifolds curvature of a Riemannianmanifold and the torsion differential geometry torsion ...Portal Mathematics Featured article template Otheruses Manifold disambiguation File Triangles spherical geometry .jpg thumb 300px The sphere surface of a ball mathematics ball is a two dimensional manifold ... in differential geometry and topology , a manifold is a topological space that on a small enough scale resembles the Euclidean space of a specific dimension, called the dimension of the manifold. Thus ... space . More formally, every point of an n dimensional manifold has a neighborhood mathematics ... manifolds resemble Euclidean spaces near each point locally , the global structure of a manifold ... of topology , they are not homeomorphic. The structure of a manifold is encoded by a collection ... of the relatively well understood properties of simpler spaces. For example, a manifold is typically endowed with a differentiable structure that allows one to do calculus and a Riemannian metric that allows one to measure distance s and angle s. Symplectic manifold s serve as the phase space s in the Hamiltonian ... manifold s model space time in general relativity . This seems out of place in the lead Further ... . Motivational examples Circle Main Circle File Circle with overlapping manifold charts.svg right ... more details
complicated structure of pseudoRiemannianmanifold s, which in four dimensions are the main ... concepts Riemannian geometry is the branch of differential geometry that studies Riemannianmanifold s, manifold smooth manifolds with a Riemannian metric , i.e. with an inner product on the tangent ... geometry , as well as Euclidean geometry itself. Any smooth manifold admits a Riemannian metric , which ... The following articles provide some useful introductory material Metric tensor Riemannianmanifold ... curvature on a compact 2 dimensional Riemannianmanifold is equal to math 2 pi chi M math where ... compact even dimensional Riemannianmanifold, see generalized Gauss Bonnet theorem . Nash embedding ... geometry . They state that every Riemannianmanifold can be isometrically embedding embedded in a Euclidean ... Sphere theorem . If M is a simply connected compact n dimensional Riemannianmanifold with sectional ... epsilon n 0 math such that if an n dimensional Riemannianmanifold has a metric with sectional curvature ... compact complete non negatively curved n dimensional Riemannianmanifold, then M contains a compact ... Hadamard theorem states that a complete simply connected Riemannianmanifold M with nonpositive sectional ... point. It implies that any two points of a simply connected complete Riemannianmanifold with nonpositive ... manifold with negative sectional curvature is ergodic . If M is a complete Riemannianmanifold ... × Z . Ricci curvature bounded below Myers theorem . If a compact Riemannianmanifold has positive ... Riemannianmanifold has nonnegative Ricci curvature and a straight line i.e. a geodesic which ... n 1 dimensional Riemannianmanifold which has nonnegative Ricci curvature. Bishop Gromov inequality . The volume of a metric ball of radius r in a complete n dimensional Riemannianmanifold ... isometry group of a compact Riemannianmanifold with negative Ricci curvature is discrete group discrete . Any smooth manifold of dimension math n geq 3 math admits a Riemannian metric with negative ... more details
Notability Notability date January 2009 A Riemannian submanifold N of a Riemannianmanifold M is a submanifold of M equipped with the Riemannian metric inherited from M . The image of an isometric immersion is a Riemannian submanifold. ref cite book last Chen first Bang Yen title Geometry of Submanifolds year 1973 publisher Mercel Dekker location New York isbn 0 8247 6075 1 pages 298 ref References Reflist Category Riemannian geometry differential geometry stub ... more details
In differential geometry , a branch of mathematics , a Riemannian submersion is a Submersion mathematics submersion from one Riemannianmanifold to another that respects the metrics, meaning that it is an orthogonal projection on tangent spaces. Let M , g and N , h be two Riemannian manifolds and math f M to N math a submersion. Then f is a Riemannian submersion if and only if the isomorphism math df mathrm ker df perp rightarrow TN math is an isometry . Examples An example of a Riemannian submersion arises when a Lie group math G math acts isometrically, free action freely and proper action properly on a Riemannianmanifold math M,g math . The projection math pi M rightarrow N math to the quotient space math N M G math equipped with the quotient metric is a Riemannian submersion. For example, component wise multiplication on math S 3 subset C 2 math by the group of unit complex numbers yields the Hopf fibration . Properties The sectional curvature of the target space of a Riemannian submersion can be calculated from the curvature of the total space by O Neill s formula math K N X,Y K M tilde X, tilde Y tfrac34 tilde X, tilde Y top 2 math where math X,Y math are orthonormal vector fields on math N math , math tilde X, tilde Y math their horizontal lifts to math M math , math , math is the Lie brackets and math Z top math is the projection of the vector field math Z math to the vertical distribution . In particular the lower bound for the sectional curvature of math N math is at least as big as the lower bound for the sectional curvature of math M math . Generalizations and variations Fiber bundle Submetry co Lipschitz map References citation title Spinors, Spectral Geometry, and Riemannian Submersions first1 Peter B. last1 Gilkey first2 John V. last2 Leahy first3 Jeonghyeong last3 Park url http www.emis.de monographs GLP year 1998 publisher Global Analysis Research Center, Seoul National University . Category Riemannian geometry Category Maps of manifolds ru ... more details
Image Sphere halve.png thumb right A great circle divides the sphere in two equal Sphere hemisphere s In metric space theory and Riemannian geometry , the Riemannian circle named after Bernhard Riemann is a great circle equipped with its great circle distance . In more detail, the term refers to the circle equipped with its intrinsic Riemannian metric of a compact 1 dimensional manifold of total length 2 , as opposed to the extrinsic metric obtained by restriction of the Euclidean metric to the unit circle in the Plane geometry plane . Thus, the distance between a pair of points is defined to be the length of the shorter of the two arcs into which the circle is partitioned by the two points. Properties The diameter of the Riemannian circle is , in contrast with the usual value of 2 for the Euclidean diameter of the unit circle. The inclusion of the Riemannian circle as the equator or any great circle of the 2 sphere of constant Gaussian curvature 1, is an isometric imbedding in the sense of metric spaces there is no isometric imbedding of the Riemannian circle in Hilbert space in this sense . Gromov s filling conjecture A long standing open problem, posed by Mikhail Gromov mathematician Mikhail Gromov , concerns the calculation of the filling area conjecture filling area of the Riemannian circle. The filling area is conjectured to be 2 , a value attained by the hemisphere of constant Gaussian curvature 1. References Gromov, M. Filling Riemannian manifolds , Journal of Differential Geometry 18 1983 , 1&ndash 147. Category Riemannian geometry Category Circles Category Length ... more details
In mathematics , a complete manifold or geodesically complete manifold is a PseudoRiemannianmanifoldpseudoRiemannianmanifold for which every maximal inextendible geodesic is defined on math mathbb R math . Examples All compact space compact manifolds and all homogeneous space homogeneous manifolds are geodesically complete. Euclidean space math mathbb R n math , the sphere s math mathbb S n math and the torus tori math mathbb T n math with their usual Riemannian metric s are all complete manifolds. A simple example of a non complete manifold is given by the punctured plane math M mathbb R 2 setminus 0 math with its usual metric . Geodesics going to the origin cannot be defined on the entire real line. Path connectedness, completeness and geodesic completeness It can be shown that a finite dimensional Connected space Path connectedness path connected Riemannianmanifold is a complete metric space if and only if it is geodesically complete. This is the Hopf Rinow theorem . This theorem does not hold for infinite dimensional manifolds. The example of a non complete manifold the punctured plane given above fails to be geodesically complete because, although it is path connected, it is not a complete metric space any sequence in the plane converging to the origin is a non converging Cauchy sequence in the punctured plane. References Citation last1 O Neill first1 Barrett title Semi Riemannian Geometry publisher Academic Press isbn 0 12 526740 1 year 1983 . See chapter 3, pp. 68 . DEFAULTSORT Complete Manifold Category Riemannian geometry ... more details
Expert subject Mathematics date February 2009 In mathematics , the term simplicial manifold commonly refers to either of two different types of objects, which combine attributes of a simplex with those of a manifold . Briefly a simplex is a generalization of the concept of a triangle into forms with more, or fewer, than two dimensions. Accordingly, a 3 simplex is the figure known as a tetrahedron . A manifold is simply a space which appears to be Euclidean space Euclidean following the laws of ordinary geometry, or more generally a flat PseudoRiemannianmanifoldPseudoRiemannian space in a given Neighborhood mathematics local neighborhood , though it can be greatly more complicated overall. The combination of these concepts gives us two useful definitions. A manifold made out of simplices A simplicial manifold is a simplicial complex for which the geometric realization is homeomorphic to a topological manifold . This can mean simply that a neighborhood mathematics neighborhood of each vertex i.e. the set of simplices that contain that point as a vertex is homeomorphic to a n dimensional ball mathematics ball . A manifold made from simplices can be locally flat, or can approximate a smooth curve, just as a large geodesic dome appears relatively flat over small areas, and approximates a Sphere hemisphere over its full extent. One can generalize this concept to more dimensions and other kinds of curved surfaces which makes it useful in various kinds of Computer simulation simulations . This notion of simplicial manifold is important in Regge calculus and Causal dynamical triangulation s as a way to discretize spacetime by triangulation triangulating it. A simplicial manifold ... manifold is also a simplicial object in the category mathematics category of manifold s. This is a special case of a simplicial space in which, for each n , the space of n simplices is a manifold. For example, if G is a Lie group , then the nerve category theory simplicial nerve of G has the manifold ... more details
Infobox Book name Metric Structures for Riemannian and Non Riemannian Spaces title orig Structures m triques pour les vari t s riemanniennes translator Sean Michael Bates image image caption author Mikhail Gromov mathematician Mikhail Gromov illustrator cover artist country United States language English series subject genre Mathematics publisher Birkh user Verlag Birkh user Boston pub date 1999 media type Print pages xx 585 pp isbn 0 8176 3898 9 dewey congress oclc preceded by followed by Metric Structures for Riemannian and Non Riemannian Spaces is a book in geometry by Mikhail Gromov mathematician Mikhail Gromov . It was originally published in French in 1981 under the title Structures m triques pour les vari t s riemanniennes , by CEDIC Paris . The 1981 edition was edited by Jacques Lafontaine and Pierre Pansu . The English version, considerably expanded, was published in 1999 by Birkh user Verlag , with appendices by Pierre Pansu, Stephen Semmes , and Mikhail Katz . The book was well received ref http www.ams.org mathscinet getitem?mr 1699320 Review by Igor Belegradek MathSciNet ref ref http www.zentralblatt math.org zmath en advanced ?q an 0953.53002&format complete Review by Mircea Craioveanu Zentralblatt Math ref and has been reprinted several times. References reflist Systolic geometry navbox Category Riemannian geometry Category Mathematics books ... more details
In differential geometry and mathematical physics , an Einstein manifold is a RiemannianmanifoldRiemannian or pseudoRiemannianmanifold whose Ricci tensor is proportional to the metric tensor metric . They are named after Albert Einstein because this condition is equivalent to saying that the metric is a solution of the vacuum Einstein equations with cosmological constant , although the dimension, as well as the signature, of the metric can be arbitrary, unlike the four dimensional Lorentzian manifold s usually studied in general relativity . If M is the underlying n dimensional manifold and g is its metric tensor the Einstein condition means that math mathrm Ric k ,g, math for some constant k , where Ric denotes the Ricci tensor of g . Einstein manifolds with k 0 are called Ricci flat manifold s. The Einstein condition and Einstein s equation In local coordinates the condition that M , g be an Einstein manifold is simply math R ab k ,g ab . math Taking the trace of both sides reveals that the constant of proportionality k for Einstein manifolds is related to the scalar curvature R by math R nk , math where n is the dimension of M . In general relativity , Einstein s equation with a cosmological constant &Lambda is math R ab frac 1 2 g ab R g ab Lambda 8 pi T ab , math written in geometrized units with G c 1. The stress energy tensor T sub ab sub gives the matter and energy ... Riemannian geometry Category Albert Einstein Manifold de Einsteinsche Mannigfaltigkeit ... include Any manifold with constant sectional curvature is an Einstein manifold&mdash in particular ... Study metric . Calabi Yau manifold s admit a unique Einstein metric that is also K hler metric K hler . Among closed manifold closed , oriented , 4 manifold s, only those that satisfy the Hitchin&ndash Thorpe inequality can be Einstein manifolds. Applications Four dimensional Riemannian ... as 4 dimensional hyperk hler manifold s in the Ricci flat case, and quaternion K hler manifold s otherwise ... more details
A pseudo photograph is an image , whether made by computer graphics or otherwise howsoever, which appears to be a photograph . Although the term pseudo photograph can be applied regardless of what it depicts, in law its meaning is especially relevant regarding child pornography . In the UK, the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 amended the Protection of Children Act 1978 so as to define the concept of an indecent pseudo photograph of a child . References http www.statutelaw.gov.uk content.aspx?parentActiveTextDocId 1502057&ActiveTextDocId 1502059 See also Bitmap graphics editor Special effects art stub law term stub Category Digital art Category English law ms Pseudofotograf ... more details
Pseudo Phocylides is an apocrypha l work claiming to have been written by Phocylides , a Greek Philosophy Greek philosopher of the 6th century. The text is noticeably Jewish , and depends on the Septuagint , although it does not make direct references to either the Hebrew Bible or Judaism . Textual and linguistic studies point to the work as having originally been written in Greek language Greek , and having originated somewhere between 100BC and 100AD, although the oldest surviving manuscripts date from the 10th century AD. Pseudo Phocylides consists of a series of aphorism s, and these refer indirectly to each of the Noachide Laws , as well as the so called unwritten law s of the Greeks. There are about 250 in total, and these are written as a series of hexameter verses, in the form of a teaching manual each maxim directly commanding the reader to obey it Remain not unmarried, lest you die nameless ref line 175, p. 99, The sentences of Pseudo Phocylides, translated by Pieter Willem van der Horst ref Cut not a youth s masculine procreative faculty ref line 187, p. 101, The sentences of Pseudo Phocylides, translated by Pieter Willem van der Horst ref And let not women imitate the sexual role of men ref line 192, p. 101, The sentences of Pseudo Phocylides, translated by Pieter Willem van der Horst ref Long hair is not fit for men, but for voluptuous women ref line 212, p. 101, The sentences of Pseudo Phocylides, translated by Pieter Willem van der Horst ref Some of the maxims in Pseudo ... of Pseudo Phocylides is published in volume 2 of Old Testament Pseudepigrapha edited by James Charlesworth ... van der Horst , The Sentences of Pseudo Phocylides SVTP 4 Leiden Brill, 1978 . Some authors, including ... sentences.htm Further reading K. W. Niebuhr, Life and Death in Pseudo Phocylides, in Alberdina Houtman ..., 73 . Category Old Testament Apocrypha reli book stub Tanakh stub de Pseudo Phokylides fr Pseudo Phocylide ... more details
Taxobox image Pseudonitzschia seriata.jpg image caption Pseudo nitzschia seriata regnum Chromalveolata phylum Heterokont ophyta classis Diatom Bacillariophyceae ordo Bacillariales familia Bacillariaceae genus Pseudo nitzschia genus authority H. Perag. in H. Perag. and Perag. The genus Pseudo nitzschia includes several species of diatom s known to produce the neurotoxin known as domoic acid , a toxin which is responsible for the human illness called amnesic shellfish poisoning . This genus of phytoplankton is known to form harmful algal bloom s in coastal waters of Canada, California, Oregon, and Washington state. Species that have been shown to produce domoic acid although not all strains are toxigenic ref Bates, S.S. and V.L. Trainer. 2006. The ecology of harmful diatoms. In E. Gran li and J. Turner eds. Ecology of harmful algae. Ecological Studies, Vol. 189. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, p. 81 93. ref , ref Trainer, V.L., B.M. Hickey, and S.S. Bates. 2008. Toxic diatoms. In P.J. Walsh, S.L. Smith, L.E. Fleming, H. Solo Gabriele, and W.H. Gerwick eds. , Oceans and human health risks and remedies ... ioc details.asp?Algae ID 3 Pseudo nitzschia australis http www.bi.ku.dk ioc details.asp?Algae ID 7 Pseudo nitzschia calliantha http www.bi.ku.dk ioc details.asp?Algae ID 106 Pseudo nitzschia cuspidata http www.bi.ku.dk ioc details.asp?Algae ID 4 Pseudo nitzschia delicatissima http www.bi.ku.dk ioc details.asp?Algae ID 99 Pseudo nitzschia fraudulenta http www.bi.ku.dk ioc details.asp?Algae ID 101 Pseudo nitzschia galaxiae http www.bi.ku.dk ioc details.asp?Algae ID 5 Pseudo nitzschia multiseries http www.bi.ku.dk ioc details.asp?Algae ID 6 Pseudo nitzschia multistriata http www.bi.ku.dk ioc details.asp?Algae ID 8 Pseudo nitzschia pugens http www.bi.ku.dk ioc details.asp?Algae ID 9 Pseudo nitzschia seriata http www.bi.ku.dk ioc details.asp?Algae ID 10 Pseudo nitzschia turgidula References ... The genus Pseudo nitzschia Category Diatoms Diatom stub fr Pseudo nitzschia ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2008 Pseudo Demosthenes is the supposed author s of a number of speeches handed down to us under the name of Demosthenes . They include speech 46, 49 against Timotheus general Timotheus , 50 against Polycles , 52 against Callippos , 53 against Nicostratus , 59 against Neaira hetaera Neaira and perhaps 47, attributed to Apollodorus of Acharnae , follower of Demosthenes. Category Ancient Greek pseudepigrapha Ancient Greece writer stub de Pseudo Demosthenes ... more details
Pseudo Ingulf is the name given to an unknown England English author of the Historia Monasterii Croylandensis , also known as the Croyland Chronicle . Nothing certain is known of Pseudo Ingulf although it is generally assumed that he was connected with Croyland Abbey . The Historia Monasterii Croylandensis is attributed to Abbot Ingulph , an 11th century Abbot of Croyland, but is generally accepted to be a 14th century work. Those parts of the work written after Pseudo Ingulf, that is the 15th century, are considered a valuable source. Pseudo Ingulf himself is not while he may have had access to genuine traditions or documents at Croyland, he misunderstood or garbled these beyond any possibility of recognition . A number of distinguished 19th century historians attempted to extract reliable material from Pseudo Ingulf, notably E. A. Freeman and Sir Francis Palgrave , with limited success. External links http books.google.com books?id xOMBAAAAMAAJ&printsec frontcover&source gbs v2 summary r&cad 0 v onepage&q &f false Google provides a copy of a translation of the text into English. Category 14th century historians Category 14th century English people Category English historians England bio stub UK historian stub ... more details
In mathematics , a Hadamard manifold , named after Jacques Hadamard &mdash sometimes called a Cartan Hadamard manifold , after lie Cartan &mdash is a Riemannianmanifold M , g that is complete space complete and simply connected space simply connected , and has everywhere non positive sectional curvature . Examples The real line R with its usual metric is a Hadamard manifold with constant sectional curvature equal to 0. Standard n dimensional hyperbolic space H sup n sup is a Hadamard manifold with constant sectional curvature equal to &minus 1. See also Cartan Hadamard theorem Hadamard space References cite arxiv last Mourougane first Christophe title Interpolation in non positively curved K hler manifolds date 7 Mar 2001 eprint math 0103045 class math.CV Category Structures on manifolds topology stub ... more details
Pseudo Interactive was a video game developer based in Toronto , Ontario , Canada and started in 1995 by David Wu, Rich Hilmer, and Daniel Posner. In 2006, the company had over fifty employees. http www.1up.com do newsStory?cId 3167253 They released a game for the Xbox launch called Cel Damage which is also on the Nintendo GameCube GameCube and PlayStation 2 . Their most recent game was Full Auto 2 Battlelines released on the PlayStation 3 . They also made Full Auto for Xbox 360 . As of April 6, 2008, it was announced that the company was shutting down. They were working on Crude Awakening http www.unseen64.net 2009 12 17 crude awakening xbox360 ps3 cancelled for Eidos Interactive which was cancelled, leaving the company without the means to survive until securing another deal. It was widely believed to be an updated version of Carmageddon . At least 3 games were in development at Pseudo before the studio closure http www.unseen64.net tag pseudo interactive Crude Awakening http www.unseen64.net 2009 12 17 crude awakening xbox360 ps3 cancelled Prodigal http www.unseen64.net 2009 12 08 prodigal xbox 360 ps3 cancelled Divided City http www.unseen64.net 2009 12 06 divided city xbox 360 ps3 cancelled External links Official website http www.pseudointeractive.com http www.gamespot.com pages company index.php?company 62443 Pseudo Interactive details at GameSpot http www.unseen64.net tag pseudo interactive Cancelled Pseudo Interactive Games at Unseen 64 http www.kotaku.com 376493 eidos cutbacks shut down full auto developer Kotaku report on Studio shutdown http www.1up.com do newsStory?cId 3167253 Full Auto Developer Shuts Down Category Companies based in Toronto Category Companies established in 1995 Category Companies disestablished in 2008 Category Defunct video game companies Category Defunct software companies of Canada Category International Game Developers Association members ... stub fr Pseudo Interactive ... more details
Wiktionary pseudo scholarship Pseudo scholarship from wikt pseudopseudo wikt scholarship scholarship is a work e.g., publication, lecture or body of work that is presented as, but is not, the product of rigorous and objective study or research the act of producing such work or the pretended learning upon which it is based. ref Jerome V. Jacobsen, Notes and Comment Pseudo scholarship , Mid America An Historical Review, Volumes 23 24 , Chicago Loyola University, 1941 p. 315 Steve J. Stern, http books.google.com books?id U35PbM x9WsC&pg PA33&dq 22the marshaling and twisting of apparent research to suit a particular political line or agenda 22&cd 1 v onepage&q 22the 20marshaling 20and 20twisting 20of 20apparent 20research 20to 20suit 20a 20particular 20political 20line 20or 20agenda 22&f false Between Tragedy and Promise , in Gilbert Michael Joseph, Reclaiming the Political in Latin American History Durham, NC Duke University Press, 2001 p. 33 Shaye J. D. Cohen , http books.google.com books?id jHtC39Bm1AwC&pg PA285&dq 22pseudo scholarship, that is, pronouncements and opinions born of religious faith and confessional conviction but masquerading as 22&cd 1 v onepage&q 22pseudo scholarship 2C 20that 20is 2C 20pronouncements 20and 20opinions 20born 20of 20religious 20faith 20and 20confessional 20conviction 20but 20masquerading 20as 20 22&f false In Memoriam Morton Smith , in Shaye J. D. Cohen, Studies in the Cult of Yahweh , Vol. 2 New Testament, Early Christianity, & Magic Leiden BRILL, 1996 p. 285 ref For a particular form of pseudo scholarship see Pseudoarchaeology Pseudohistory ref Marshall Fishwick , American Studies in Transition Boston Houghton Mifflin, 1969 p. 265 266 ref Pseudolinguistics Pseudomathematics Pseudophilosophy Pseudoscience ref Jeremy Bernstein, A Comprehensible World On Modern Science and Its Origins , 2nd ed. New York Random House, 1967 p. 193 ref References ... science Ignoratio elenchi Proto science Category Pseudo scholarship ... more details
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