Infobox Disease Name Pseudarthrosis Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 M 84 1 m 80 , ICD10 M 96 0 m 95 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshName Pseudarthrosis MeshNumber C21.866.404.468.627 Pseudarthrosis or nonunions is the movement of a bone at the location of a fracture resulting from inadequate healing of the fracture. Pseudarthrosis can also result from a developmental failure. Etymology The Greek stem pseud means false and arthrosis means joint. Pseudarthrosis , then, is a false joint. In the case of a non union , a fracture that does not heal, this is often evidenced by the obliteration of the medullary cavity of a long bone at the site of the non union. This non union is not a true joint, and has no ligamentous support, but often has motion, and remodels into a rounded end that looks like a true joint. Treatment The point of movement can be treated with electrical stimulations that hopefully will trigger the bone cells to form the hydroxyapatite structure that keeps bones from bending too much. More recently, non unions are treated by bone grafting, internal fixation, and external fixation, including a technique pioneered by Ilizarov, used to compress the bones at the site of the fracture. ref name pmid18034140 cite journal author Niedzielski K, Synder M title The treatment of pseudarthrosis using the Ilizarov method journal Ortop Traumatol Rehabil volume 2 issue 3 pages 46 8 year 2000 pmid 18034140 doi ref Ilizarov originally used bicycle spokes. See Ilizarov apparatus for a description of the modern apparatus. Grafting This is using donor bone or autologous bone harvested from the same person undergoing the surgery as a stimulus to bone healing. The presence of the bone is thought to cause stem cells in the circulation and marrow to form cartilage, which then turns to bone, instead of a fibrous scar that forms to heal all other tissues of the body. Bone is the only tissue that can heal without a fibrous scar. Fixation The use of metal ... more details
at Cleveland Medical College , submitting his thesis on Pseudarthrosis or False Joint in 1849. ref name Bliss 1849 cite book last Bliss first Doctor Willard title A thesis on pseudarthrosis or false ... name Baxter 1891 Publications cite book last Bliss first Doctor Willard title A thesis on pseudarthrosis ... more details
Nonunion also means a workforce that does not belong to a trade union . Nonunion is permanent failure of bone healing healing following a fracture bone broken bone . Nonunion is a serious Complication medicine complication of a fracture and may occur when the fracture moves too much, has a poor blood supply or gets infected. Patients who smoke have a higher incidence of nonunion. The normal process of bone healing is interrupted or stalled. In some cases a pseudo joint pseudarthrosis develops between the two fragments with cartilage formation and a joint cavity. More commonly the tissue between the ununited fragments is scar tissue. Since the process of bone healing is quite variable, a nonunion may go on to heal without intervention in a very few cases. In general, if a nonunion is still evident at 6 months post injury it will remain unhealed without specific treatment, usually orthopedic surgery . A non union which does go on to heal is called a delayed union. Clinical features A history of a fracture bone broken bone is usually apparent. The patient complains of persistent pain at the fracture site and may also notice abnormal movement or clicking at the level of the fracture. An x ray plate of the fractured bone shows a persistent radiolucent line at the fracture. Fibrocartilage callus Callus formation may be evident but callus does not bridge across the fracture. If there is doubt about the interpretation of the Xray, stress Xrays, tomograms or computed axial tomography CT scan may be used to make sure. Pathophysiology Hypertrophic non union Callus is formed, but the bone fractures have not joined. This can be due to inadequate fixation of the fracture, and treated with rigid immobilisation. Atrophic non union No callus is formed. This is often due to impaired bony healing, for example due to vascular causes e.g. impaired blood supply to the bone fragments or metabolic causes e.g. diabetes or smoking . Failure of initial union, for example when bone fragments a ... more details
, James W, Jr, Vert Mooney, and Ike Thacker. Pseudarthrosis after lumbar spine fusion nonoperative salvage ... W, Jr, Vert Mooney, and Ike Thacker. Pseudarthrosis after lumbar spine fusion nonoperative salvage with pulsed ... more details
dysplasia or thinning of the long bone cortex with or without pseudarthrosis A first degree relative ... and not heal, yielding a pseudarthrosis . The most common bone to be affected is the tibia, causing congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia or CPT. CPT occurs in 2 4 of individuals with NF 1. Treatment ... more details
0 m 80 Malunion of fracture ICD10 M 84 1 m 80 Nonunion of fracture pseudarthrosis ICD10 M 84 2 m 80 ... musculoskeletal disorders , not elsewhere classified ICD10 M 96 0 m 95 Pseudarthrosis after fusion ... more details
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