notability Music date May 2011 Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Psalms Of Extinction Type Album Artist Pain Swedish band Pain Cover Psalms of Extinction.jpg Released April 16, 2007 Recorded Genre Industrial metal , Heavy metal music Heavy metal , Techno Length 48 00 Label Roadrunner Records Roadrunner Producer Peter T gtgren Last album Dancing with the Dead br 2005 This album Psalms Of Extinction br 2007 Next album Cynic Paradise br 2008 Psalms Of Extinction is the fifth studio album by Swedish Metal band Pain Swedish band Pain , released on April 16, 2007 in Europe Europe s Nordic Territories and May 7, 2007 in the rest of Europe . The first Pain album since their debut to lack a charting single, it hit 21 on the Swedish charts but dropped off after only two weeks. ref name charts http swedishcharts.com showitem.asp?interpret Pain&titel Rebirth&cat a Pain in Swedish Charts , swedishcharts.com. ref Zombie Slam is the first song from the album to receive a video. Musicians featured on the album include Mikkey Dee Mot rhead , ex Don Dokken, King Diamond on Zombie Slam recording drums, Children of Bodom frontman Alexi Laiho on Just Think Again guitar solo , and Peter Iwers of In Flames on the first two songs bass guitar . Track listing All songs written by Peter T gtgren except where noted. ref http www.allmusic.com album psalms of extinction r1073376 Psalms of Extinction ... 3 32 Psalms of Extinction 4 09 Clouds of Ecstasy 3 16 Play Dead Arnold, Bj rk , Wobble 4 03 Does It Really ... MySpace Pain Musical Project Category Pain albums Category 2007 albums es Psalms of Extinction fr Psalms of Extinction it Psalms of Extinction ru Psalms of Extinction fi Psalms of Extinction sv Psalms of Extinction ... set... But while it may intrigue his metal focused following as a nice stylistic departure, Psalms of Extinction is unlikely to wow serious industrial music freaks as anything remotely groundbreaking ... more details
The Laudate psalms are the psalms numbered Psalm 148 148 , Psalm 149 149 , and Psalm 150 150 , traditionally sung all together as one psalm in the canonical hours , most particularly the hour of Lauds , also called Morning Prayer , which derives its name from these psalms. The psalms themselves are named from the Latin word laudate , or praise ye , which begins psalms 148 and 150. At Lauds, according to the Roman rite , they were sung together following the canticle under one antiphon and under one Gloria Patri . bible stub Category Psalms ... more details
Hermann Gunkel categorized ten psalms by their subject matter of kingship as the royal psalms . Specifically the royal psalms deal with the spiritual role of kings in the worship of YHWH Yahweh . Aside from that single qualification, there is nothing else which specifically links the ten psalms. Each of the psalms make explicit references to their subject, the king. However, it has been posited that other psalms, which do not mention the king directly, may have been written for royalty e.g. Psalm 22 . The Royal Psalms Psalm 2 Psalm 18 Psalm 20 Psalm 21 Psalm 45 Psalm 72 Psalm 101 Psalm 110 Psalm 132 Psalm 144 References Clines, D. J. 1998 . On the Way to the Postmodern Old Testament Essays 1967 1998 Vol. 2 . Sheffield Sheffield Academic Press. Category Psalms ... more details
The Sidney Psalms or Sidneian Psalms was a 16th century translation into English language English of the Psalms . It was the work of Philip Sidney Philip and Mary Sidney , aristocratic siblings who were very influential Elizabethan poets. Mary Sidney completed the book and gave a copy to Queen Elizabeth I of England in 1599. They were celebrated in the work of John Donne . ref cite web url http www.luminarium.org sevenlit donne sidneypsalms.htm title John Donne. Upon the Translation of the Psalms by Sir Philip Sidney and the Countess of Pembroke publisher Luminarium.org date 2000 11 10 accessdate 2011 03 02 ref ref cite web url http poetic sequence.elsweb.org blog ?p 89 title Index of blog publisher Poetic sequence.elsweb.org date accessdate 2011 03 02 ref Christian book stub Further reading The Sidney Psalms Fyfield Books by Mary Sidney Herbert,Countess of Pembroke Author , R.E. Pritchard Editor ISBN 978 0856359835 References reflist Category Psalms ... more details
periods. Politically, the Psalms of Solomon are anti Maccabees Maccabee , and some psalms in the collection ... of the psalms are messianic, in Jewish Messiah the Jewish sense clearly referring to a mortal that happens ... Psalms of Solomon text and discussion English translation by G. Buchanan Gray 1913 http wesley.nnu.edu biblical studies noncanon ot pseudo psalms solomon.htm at Wesley Center http ftp.fortunaty.net ... cathen 14137a.htm title Psalms of Solomon http www.jewishencyclopedia.com view.jsp?artid 576&letter P Jewish Encyclopedia Psalms of Solomon http 6.1911encyclopedia.org S SO SOLOMON PSALMS OF.htm 1911 Encyclop dia Britannica Psalms of Solomon http www.sacred texts.com bib sep pss.htm Septuagint Psalms ... http virtualreligion.net iho ps sol.html Psalms of Solomon entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith Psalms Solomon DEFAULTSORT Psalms Of Solomon Category Old Testament Apocrypha Category Solomon ... more details
Wikisourcepar Bible, King James, Psalms The Penitential Psalms or Psalms of Confession , so named in Cassiodorus s commentary of the 6th century AD, are the Psalms Psalm 6 6 , Psalm 32 32 , Psalm 38 38 , Psalm 51 51 , Psalm 102 102 , Psalm 130 130 , and Psalm 143 143 6, 31, 37, 50, 101, 129, and 142 in the Septuagint numbering . These are specially expressive of sorrow for sin. Four were known as penitential psalms by St. Augustine of Hippo in the early 5th century. The fifty first Psalm Miserere was recited at the close of daily morning service in the primitive Church . Translations of the penitential psalms were undertaken by some of the greatest poets in Renaissance England, including Sir Thomas Wyatt , Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey , and Sir Philip Sidney . Prior to the suppression of the minor orders and tonsure in 1972 by Paul VI , the seven penitential psalms were assigned to new clerics after having been tonsured. ref Ordinations, Alleluia Press, 1962. See also the Pontificalia Romanum. ref Musical settings Perhaps the most famous musical setting of all seven is by Orlande de Lassus , with his Penitential Psalms Lassus Psalmi Davidis poenitentiales of 1584. There are also fine settings by Andrea Gabrieli and by Giovanni Croce . The Croce pieces are unique in being settings of Italian sonnet form translations of the Psalms by Francesco Bembo. These were widely distributed they were translated into English and published in London as Musica Sacra and were even translated back into Latin and published in N rnberg as Septem Psalmi poenitentiales. William Byrd set all seven Psalms in English versions for three voices in his Songs of Sundrie Natures 1589 . Settings of individual penitential psalms have been written by many composers. Well known settings of the Miserere Psalm ... links Examples of the Seven Penitential Psalms http biblescripture.net Psalms.html Psalms Nuttall Category Psalms Christian book stub de Bu psalm es Salmos Penitenciales fr Psaumes p nitentiels ... more details
Infobox Chord chord name Psalms chord first interval root chord root second interval minor third third interval perfect fifth fourth interval minor tenth Image Psalms chord.png thumb right 150px Psalms chord In music , the Psalms chord is the famous opening chord music chord ref name Straus Straus, Joseph N. 2005 . Introduction to Post Tonal Theory third edition , p. 152. ISBN 0 13 189890 6. ref of Igor Stravinsky s Symphony of Psalms , a barking E minor chord minor triad music triad characteristically voicing music spaced , ref Mellers, Wilfred 1971 . 1930 Symphony of Psalms , Tempo , New Series, No. 97 Igor Stravinsky 17 June 1882 6 April 1971 , pp. 19 27. Cambridge University Press. ref like no E minor triad that was ever known before . ref Berger, Arthur 1963 . Problems of Pitch Organization in Stravinsky , p. 33. Perspectives of New Music , Vol. 2, No. 1 Autumn Winter , pp. 11 42. ref It is common to both the octatonic scale and the Phrygian scale on E, and the contrasting sections of the first movement music movement based on the scales are linked by statements of the Psalms chord. ref name Straus listen filename Psalms chord.ogg title Psalms chord description Arpeggio then simultaneity format Ogg See also Elektra chord Mystic chord Petrushka chord Tristan chord Psalms Further reading Tymoczko, Dmitri 2002 . Stravinsky and the Octatonic A Reconsideration , p.93. Music Theory Spectrum , Vol. 24, No. 1 Spring , pp. 68 102. van den Toorn, Pieter C. 1975 . Some Characteristics of Stravinsky s Diatonic Music , p.121. Perspectives of New Music , Vol. 14, No. 1 Autumn Winter , pp. 104 138. Sources references chords Category Chords Category Post tonal music theory ... more details
unref date October 2009 The Psalms of Asaph are the twelve psalms numbered 50 and 73 83 of the Psalms Book of Psalms . The origin and identity of the person of Asaph Bible Asaph is ambiguous, and it is difficult to know whether or not there was an identifiable progenitor for this family name. The Asaphite priests had a pre exilic role to provide musically based or induced prophecy , and a post exilic role singing praise to God . Identity of Asaph The genealogical tables of the Books of Chronicles cite the original Asaph as the son of Berechiah bibleverse 1 Chr 6 39 NIV . According to the Chroniclers, the sons of Asaph, Zaccur , Joseph, Nethaniah , and Asarelah , were assigned by King David David to prophesy to the accompaniment of lyre s, harp s, and cymbal s bibleverse 1 Chr 25 1 2 NIV . In the post exilic period, the Ezra Nehemiah writings cite 148 ...singers the sons of Asaph... among the returnees to the Achaemenid Empire Persian province of Yehud Medinata Yehud Judah bibleverse Neh 7 44 NIV , although bibleverse Ezra 2 41 NIV gives the number as 128. bible stub DEFAULTSORT Psalms of Asaph Category Psalms pt Salmos de Asafe ... more details
The Psalms of Thomas more correctly Psalms of Thom are an enigmatic set of psalms found appended to the end of the Coptic language Coptic Manichaeism Manichaean Psalm book, which was in turn part of the Medinet Madi Coptic Texts uncovered in 1928. Published in 1938 by Charles Allberry C. R. C. Allberry , ref Allberry, C. R. C., editor & translator, with a contribution by Hugo Ibscher, Coptic Manichaean Psalm book part II , W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart, 1938. The Psalms of Thomas occupy pages 203 227. ref internet versions only comprise 12 numbered psalms. The themes and content of the psalms bear a considerable resemblance to the Hymn of the Pearl from the Acts of Thomas . In 1949 Torgny Save Soderbergh suggested that the psalms were largely based upon canonical Mandaean texts despite Jesus being mentioned positively in two psalms. ref Save Soderbergh, Torgny, Studies in the Coptic Manichaean Psalm book , 1949. ref Nevertheless considerable controversy continues as to whether the Thomas or Thom referred to could be the Apostle Thomas , Mani prophet Mani s disciple, also called Thomas, or the Gnostic concept of the divine twin . This is because the latter is referred to in other parts of the Coptic Manichaean Psalm book as a distinct person from the Apostle. The enigma has since deepened with the publication of the Cologne Mani Codex in the 1970s, which showed that Mani himself came out of a baptizing Christian sect called the Elkasaites Elcesaites . References references External links http www.misericordia.edu users davies thomas psthomas.htm Text Category Manichaean texts Category 1938 books ... more details
cleanup linkrot date August 2011 Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Psalms For I Type Album Artist Prince Far I Cover PrinceFarI PsalmsForI.jpg Released 1975 Recorded King Tubby s and Randy s , Kingston, Jamaica Kingston , Jamaica Genre Reggae Length 31 02 Label Carib Gems Producer Lloydie Slim Last album This album Psalms For I br 1976 Next album Under Heavy Manners br 1977 Album ratings rev1 Allmusic rev1score Rating 4 5 ref name Anderson Anderson, Rick Allmusic class album id r618623 review pure url yes Psalms For I Review , Allmusic , Macrovision Corporation ref Automatically generated by DASHBot Psalms For I is the debut album by reggae chanter Prince Far I recorded in 1975 and released on the Carib Gems label in 1976. The album features nine tracks based on psalms and The Lord s Prayer , over rhythms largely played by The Aggrovators and produced by Bunny Lee , notable exceptions being the Psalm 24 rhythm, which was produced by Alton Ellis . ref name Anderson ref name Thompson Thompson, Dave 2002 Reggae & Caribbean Music , Backbeat Books, ISBN 0 87930 655 6, p.224 ref Psalm 53 used the rhythm from the Lee Scratch Perry produced Mighty Cloud of Joy . ref name Katz Katz, David 2000 People Funny Boy The Genius of Lee Scratch Perry , Payback Press, ISBN 0 86241 854 2, p. 244 ref It was described by Mark Perry in a review in his Sniffin Glue magazine as a plastic Bible that goes round and round . ref name Perry Perry, Mark http www.markperry.freeuk.com new page 3.htm Prince 20Far 20I Prince Far I Psalms For I , Sniffin Glue ref The album was reissued on CD in 1994 on the German Fotofon label, ref http de.wikipedia.org wiki Fotofon ref and in 2002 by Pressure Sounds with one bonus track. ref name Anderson Track listing Psalm 49 Psalm 48 Psalm 24 Psalm 87 ... http www.roots archives.com release 682 Psalms For I at Roots Archives Category Prince Far I albums Category 1976 albums Category Debut albums sl Psalms For I ... more details
NOTOC Imprecatory Psalms , contained within the Ketuvim wisdom literature of the Hebrew Bible lang he , are those that invoke judgment, calamity, or curse s, upon one s enemies or those perceived as the enemies of God. Major Imprecatory Psalms include wikisource Bible 28American Standard 29 Psalms Chapter 69 Psalm 69 and Psalm 109 , while Psalms 5, 6, 11, 12, 35, 37, 40, 52, 54, 56, 58, 69, 79, 83, 137, 139, and 143 are also considered imprecatory wikisource Bible American Standard Psalms link to full text of Psalms . As a sample, Psalm 69 24 states toward God, Pour out Your indignation on them, and let Your burning anger overtake them and Psalm 137 9, which declares Happy shall he be, that taketh and dasheth thy little ones against the stones. The Psalms lang he Tehilim , , or praises , considered part of both Hebrew and Christian Scripture , served as ancient Israel s psalter ... that quote Imprecatory Psalms. Jesus of Nazareth is shown quoting from them in Gospel of John John ... to the Imprecatory Psalms. The Nevi im prophetic literature contains many, as well, in the books ... scholars agree that their intent is to purposely alarm, and that invokers of imprecations in the Psalms ... s Temple , noting that this probably helped provide ontological security to the Psalms s principle ... Vatican Council led to the removal of some of the imprecatory psalms from the Liturgy of the Hours ... References J.W. Beardslee, The Imprecatory Element in the Psalms, Presbyterian and Reformed Review , 8 1987 . W. W. Davies, The Imprecatory Psalms , The Old and New Testament Student , Vol. 14, No. 3 Mar., 1892 , pp. 154 159. John N. Day, The Imprecatory Psalms and Christian Ethics . Bibliotheca Sacra , 159 April June 2002 166 86. http faculty.gordon.edu hu bi Ted Hildebrandt OTeSources 19 Psalms ... Psalms . Bibliotheca Sacra 138 1981 35 45. John Piper theologian John Piper , Do I Not Hate ... See also Psalms Jeremiad Category Psalms Category Christian terms ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2006 Hymns and Psalms is the hymn book of the Methodist Church in the UK. The hymnbook was first published in 1983, to replace The Methodist Hymnbook , which was published soon after the unification of the Methodist Church in 1933. The decision to produce a new hymn book was taken at the Methodist Conference of 1979 and the new book was authorised for use in all Methodist Churches in the Connexion at the 1982 Conference in Plymouth. Of the 823 hymns, over 150 were written by Charles Wesley 1707 88 , brother of John Wesley , the founder of Methodism . Isaac Watts also has a significant number of hymns included. The most represented hymnwriter of the 20th century is Fred Pratt Green 1903 2000 , who has 27 hymns included. The hymn book contains some of the most well known and well loved hymns in Methodism alongside a number of newer hymns. This book did not last the 50 years that its predecessor did, as the Methodist Conference Faith and Order Committee has released a new book, Singing the Faith, approved at the 2010 Methodist Conference and published in 2011. Category Methodism in the United Kingdom Christian book stub it Hymns and Psalms ... more details
Notability date January 2010 Afro Psalms is an illustrated book of poetry, a collaborative effort between 20th century illustrator Grant Reynard and the contemporary poet Charles Fort poet Charles Fort . ref http mockingbird.creighton.edu NCW fortbib.htm ref In 2001 the Museum of Nebraska Art discovered several works by Reynard in its permanent collection. Reynard created many pieces on the theme of African American life in the first half of the Twentieth Century. Museum administrators decided to build an exhibition around these prints, and they accepted Fort s proposal to write poems creating a context for the images in the artworks. Fort responded with a Crown of sonnets sonnet redoubl . Afro Psalms , published by University of Nebraska at Kearney Press ISBN 0 9791002 3 2 , is currently part of ARTreach , the outreach program of the University of Nebraska at Kearney, which allows it to tour Nebraska, reaching rural areas where fine art and poetry don t often travel. ref http monet.unk.edu mona artreach2.html ref ref http monet.unk.edu mona newsletter 05 spring newsletter.html ref References references poetry stub Category African American culture Category Art exhibitions ... more details
The Symphony of Psalms is a three movement choral symphony and was composed by Igor Stravinsky in 1930 during his Neoclassicism music neoclassical period. The work was commissioned by Serge Koussevitzky to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Boston Symphony Orchestra . The symphony derives its name from the use of Psalm texts in the choral parts. According to Stravinsky, the commission for the work came about from a routine suggestion from Koussevitzky, who was also Stravinsky s publisher, that he write something popular for orchestra without chorus. Stravinsky, however, insisted on the psalm ... in which I have included Psalms to be sung. On the contrary, it is the singing of the Psalms ... ballet Petrushka and The Rite of Spring , the Symphony of Psalms occasionally employs the octatonic ... of Psalms is marked Tempo 92 and uses the text from Psalm 39, verses 13 and 14. This movement ... sections punctuated with E minor block chords, in a voicing known as the Psalms chord , which stop ... of Psalms is a fugue Double triple, quadruple fugue double fugue in C minor, ref Berger ... movement of the Symphony of Psalms alternates Tempo 48 and Tempo 80 , and uses nearly the complete ... title Symphony of Psalms accessdate September 26, 2006 Berger, Arthur. 1963. Problems of Pitch Organization ... 54. New York W. W. Norton, 1972. Cole, Vincent Lewis. 1980. Analyses of Symphony of Psalms 1930, rev ... in C, and Symphony of Psalms . South West German Radio Symphony Orchestra and West German Radio ... num osu1196113148 An Analysis of Stravinsky s Symphony of Psalms Focusing on Tonality and Harmony ... of Psalms archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20070204112204 http home.earthlink.net stravinsky s060.htm ... Symphony of Psalms Pronunciation Guide Guide to pronunciation of the Latin text for singers, by Richard Robbins. http www.its.caltech.edu tan Stravinsky sop.html Symphony of Psalms Analysis, background, and texts, by Victor Huang. Igor Stravinsky DEFAULTSORT Stravinsky, Symphony Of Psalms Category ... more details
about Leonard Bernstein s composition Peter Martins ballet to this music Chichester Psalms ballet unreferenced date November 2010 Image Chichester Psalms.jpg right thumb 300px Score of page 1, Movement I of Chichester Psalms , Boosey & Hawkes edition. Note the changes of time signature. The movement settles into its predominant 7 4 metre in bar 11 not shown . Chichester Psalms is a choral work by Leonard Bernstein for boy soprano boy treble or countertenor , solo quartet, choir and orchestra 3 trumpets in B music flat , 3 trombones, timpani, percussion 7 8 players , 2 harps, and strings . A reduction written by the composer pared down the orchestral performance forces to organ, one harp, and percussion. Bernstein stated explicitly in his writing that the part for countertenor may be sung by either a countertenor or a boy soprano, but never by a woman. This was to reinforce the liturgical meaning of the passage sung, perhaps to suggest that the Psalm 23 23rd Psalm , a Psalm of David from the Tanakh Hebrew Bible , was to be heard as if sung by the boy King David David himself. The text was arranged by Bernstein from the psalms in the original Hebrew language Hebrew . Part 1 uses Psalms 100 and 108, Part 2 uses 2 and 23 and Part 3 uses 131 and 133. History The work was commissioned for the 1965 Southern Cathedrals Festival at Chichester Cathedral by the cathedral s organist, John Birch musician John Birch , and the Dean, Walter Hussey . However, the world premiere took place in the Avery Fisher Hall Philharmonic Hall , New York on July 15, 1965 with the composer conducting, followed ... Wilder s play The Skin of Our Teeth . Chichester Psalms was Bernstein s first composition after his ... often at the edge of despair, while Chichester Psalms is affirmative and at times serene. The Psalms ... in 10 4 separated into half bars of 5 4 . Like many of Bernstein s works, the Chichester Psalms significantly ... settings de Chichester Psalms fr Chichester Psalms ko he ... more details
Zabur i Ajam Persian Psalms is a philosophical poetry book, written in Persian language Persian , of Allama Iqbal , the great poet philosopher of the Indian subcontinent . It was published in 1927 in poetry 1927 . Introduction Zabur i Ajam includes the Mathnavi Gulshan i Raz i Jadid and Bandagi Nama . There are four sections. The first two are sequences of ghazals in the classical form and the other two are single long poems. Iqbal forcefully expresses his inner convictions and urges the reader to advance himself to achieve progress and prosperity by discovering and strengthening the self. The first of the two longer poems is the Gulshan i Raz i Jadid New Garden of Mysteries . It alludes to the Gulshan i Raz, the treatise on Sufism written in Persian verse by Sa d ad Din Mahmud Shabistari. Here Iqbal poses and answers nine questions on philosophical problems such as the nature of discursive thought, of the self, and of the relation between the eternal and the temporal. The subject of the second poem, the Bandagi Nama Book of Slavery is the loss of freedom, particularly spiritual freedom, of an individual or society, and its consequent evils. It is divided into several sections and touches on the music and other arts of enslaved people, their religious tenets and the art of reconstructing free men. In Zabur i Ajam, Iqbal s Persian ghazal is at its best as his Urdu ghazal is in Bal i Jibril. Here as in other books, Iqbal insists on remembering the past, doing well in the present and preparing for the future. His lesson is that one should be dynamic, full of zest for action and full of love and life. Implicitly, he proves that there is no form of poetry which can equal the ghazal in vigour and liveliness. External links http www.allamaiqbal.com works poetry persian persianpsalms text index.htm Read Online at Iqbal Academy site http www.iqbalcyberlibrary.net urdu poetry shairy urdu prose books list list002.htm Read Online at Iqbal cyber library http www.allamaiqbal.com works ... more details
wiktionary extinction wikiquote ExtinctionExtinction may refer to Extinction peerage , in the United Kingdom In science Bird s eye extinction , in optical mineralogy Extinction , in biology and palaeontology Extinction another word for attenuation , in physical sciences Extinction astronomy Extinction angle , in optical mineralogy Extinction coefficient another term for mass attenuation coefficient , in physical sciences Undulose extinction , a geological term In medicine Extinction psychology Extinction neurology In books Extinction novel Extinction novel , a fantasy novel by Lisa Smedman Extinction , a science fiction novel by Ray Hammond In entertainment Extinction , a song by Stigmata from the album Hollow Dreams Extinction Star Trek Enterprise Extinction Star Trek Enterprise , television episode Extinction Smallville episode Extinction Smallville episode , television episode Aliens versus Predator Extinction , a video game for PlayStation 2 and Xbox Resident Evil Extinction , a 2007 film starring Milla Jovovich See also Extinct disambiguation disambig de Extinktion es Extinci n desambiguaci n fr Extinction pl Ekstynkcja sv Extinktion ... more details
File LvMS Lvv.jpg thumb A sand grain of volcanic glass under the petrographic microscope . Its amorphous nature makes it go extinct in cross polarized light bottom frame , and thus does not have an extinction angle. Scale box in millimeters. File Quartz zhaseni.gif thumb left Undulose extinction in quartz . Extinction is a term used in optical mineralogy and petrology , which describes when cross polarized light Lighting dims , as viewed through a thin section of a mineral in a petrographic microscope . An isotropic minerals, opaque metallic minerals, or amophous materials glass show no light i.e. constant extinction . Anisotropic minerals will show one extinction for each 90 degrees of stage rotation. The Extinction angle is the measure between the cleavage direction or habit of a mineral and the extinction. To find this, simply line up the cleavage lines long direction with one of the cross hairs in the microscope, and turn the mineral until the extinction occurs. The number of degrees the stage was rotated is the extinction angle, between 0 89 degrees. 90 degrees would be considered zero degrees, and is known as parallel extinction. Inclined extinction is a measured angle between 1 89 degrees. Minerals with two cleavages can have two extinction angles, and minerals in which the multiple angles are the same are called symmetrical extinction. Minerals that have no cleavage or elongation can not have an extinction angle. Minerals with undulose extinction , solid solution zonation, or other factors e.g. Bird s eye extinction in mica that may inhibit this measure and may be more difficult to use. References cite book last Nesse first W.D. coauthors editor title Introduction of Optical Mineralogy chapter edition 2nd series volume year 1991 publisher Oxford University Press place New York pages 335 isbn 0 19 506024 5 Category Optical mineralogy petrology stub ... more details
Extinction coefficient refers to several different measures of the absorption of light in a medium In chemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology, or microbiology, the mass attenuation coefficient mass extinction coefficient and the molar absorptivity molar extinction coefficient are parameters defining how strongly a substance absorbs light at a given wavelength, per density mass density or per molar concentration , respectively. In physics, the extinction coefficient is the imaginary part of the complex index of refraction , which also relates to light absorption. For the quantitative relationship between the chemistry and physics definitions, see Mathematical descriptions of opacity . disambig ca Coeficient d extinci de Extinktionskoeffizient es Coeficiente de extinci n fr Absorptivit molaire ... more details
refimprove date July 2009 Extinction is the classical conditioning conditioning phenomenon in which a previously ... paired aversive or appetitive stimulus. Fear conditioning Extinction is typically studied within the Pavlovian fear conditioning framework in which extinction refers to the reduction in a conditioned ... shock loud noise with which it has been previously paired. The simplest explanation of extinction is that as the CS ... of CR in the context where extinction training occurred but not a different context after aversive ... when learning occurred in context A and extinction in context B , and spontaneous recovery restoration of CR when the retention test occurs after a long but not a short delay after extinction training and alternative explanations have been offered. ref name Myers & Davis 2007 Research on fear extinction ... & Davis 2007 Mechanisms of Fear Extinction. Molecular Psychiatry , 12, 120 150. ref Theories The dominant account of extinction involves associative models. However, there is debate over whether extinction ..., modulation and response fatigue. Myers and Davis laboratory work with fear extinction ... in which the extinction occurs. ref name Myers & Davis 2007 Given the competing views and difficult ... level most often in rodents to tease apart the specific brain mechanisms of extinction, in particular ..., Unal and Par published in Nature Neuroscience found that extinction is correlated with Inhibitory ... of anxiety. ref Amano T, Unal CT, Par D. 2010 . Synaptic correlates of fear extinction in the amygdala ... In the operant conditioning paradigm, extinction refers to the decline of an operant response when it is no longer reinforced in the presence of its discriminative stimulus. Extinction is observed ... occurs. In his autobiography, B.F. Skinner noted how he accidentally discovered the extinction of an operant response due to the malfunction of his laboratory equipment quote My first extinction curve ... had gone on pressing although no pellets were received. ... The change was more orderly than the extinction ... more details
Extinction threshold is a term used in conservation biology to explain the point at which a species , population ..., or metapopulation, will go extinct , ref name ETMM Ovaskainen, O. and Hanski, I. 2003 Extinction ... just below the critical value, a phenomenon known as extinction debt . ref name Tilman1994 cite doi 10.1038 371065a0 ref Extinction Thresholds are important to conservation biologists when ... than then extinction rate, otherwise the entire entity will go extinct once it reaches the threshold ..., 3rd Ed, Sinauer Associates. ref Extinction thresholds are realized under a number of circumstances and the point in modeling them is to define the conditions that lead a population to extinction. ref name ETPFL With, K.A. and King, A.W. 1999 Extinction Thresholds For Species in Fractal Landscapes, Conservation Biology Vol 13, No.2,pp.314 326. ref Modeling extinction thresholds can explain the relationship between extinction threshold and habitat loss and habitat fragmentation . ref name EHFET Fahrig, Lenore. 2002 Effect of Habitat Fragmentation on the Extinction Threshold A Synthesis, Ecological ... to predict extinction thresholds. The classic metapopulation model is the Levins Model , which ... Lande to include habitat occupancy. ref name ETMM This mathematical model is used to infer the extinction ... extinction thresholds because of the difficulty in understanding extinction processes through ...,F, 2003 Extinction Thresholds in Host Parasite Dynamics, Ann. Zool. Fennic. 40 115 130. ref When determining an extinction threshold there are two types of models that can be used deterministic ... , e extinction rate, c colonization rate, and h amount of habitat. A species will persist only ... the deterministic extinction threshold, but in reality has a high risk of extinction . ref name ETMM Other Factors When using metapopulation type models to predict extinction thresholds there are a number ... factors such as Allee effect or Rescue effect were included in modeling the extinction threshold ... more details
about the biological term Extinction event Busta Rhymes album E.L.E. Extinction Level Event The Final World Front Bigfinishbox title The Extinction Event series Professor Bernice Summerfield number 2.3 cover Extinction Event.jpg writer Lance Parkin director Gary Russell producer Gary Russell set between The Stone s Lament and br The Skymines of Karthos length 70 minutes The Extinction Event is a Big Finish Productions List of Doctor Who audio plays by Big Finish audio drama featuring Lisa Bowerman as Bernice Summerfield , a character from the spin off media based on the long running United Kingdom British science fiction on television science fiction television series Doctor Who . Plot Only one object survived the destruction of the planet Halstead a harp . Bernice visits an auction house to buy the Halstead Harp but finds that someone else also has an interest in it and they re willing to kill... Cast Professor Bernice Summerfield Bernice Summerfield Lisa Bowerman Irving Braxiatel Miles Richardson Hulver Daniel Brennan actor Daniel Brennan Davon Alexis Khan Gulfrarg Ambassador Mark Donovan External links http www.bigfinish.com benny BS010 extinction.shtml Big Finish Productions Professor Bernice Summerfield The Extinction Event Category Bernice Summerfield audio plays Extinction Event DoctorWho stub ... more details
Extinction chess is a Chess variant variant of Chess western Chess where the objective of the game has changed. Instead of the winning condition of the game being the checkmate of the opponent s king, the object of the game is to capture all of a particular kind of piece the opponent has. In other words, the objective is to achieve any of the following Capture the opponent s king Capture the opponent s queen Capture both of the opponent s knights Capture both of the opponent s bishops Capture both of the opponent s rooks Capture all of the opponent s pawns. If your opponent promotes their last pawn, you will also win the game. Since the king is not a special piece in this game, it is legal to castle when in check, or to castle through check. Promotion to king is also allowed. This game was invented by R. Wayne Schmittberger . External links http www.chessvariants.org winning.dir extinction.html Extinction Chess http play.chessvariants.org pbm presets extinction chess.html Extinction Chess on Game Courier Play Extinction Chess against others online http www.itsyourturn.com ItsYourTurn.com Extinction chess tournaments online Category Chess variants ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Appetite for Extinction Type Album Artist Some Velvet Sidewalk Cover Svs afe.jpg Released 1990 Recorded 1987 1989 Genre Experimental rock Length 26 11 Label Communion Producer Appetite for Extinction is the second album by Some Velvet Sidewalk . Track listing Seasons Old Bridges Dinosaur Hurt. Sidewalkin Crayons Snow. alright Moment Sidewalk and Sky Old Bridges Live 20,000 Leagues DEFAULTSORT Appetite For Extinction Category Some Velvet Sidewalk albums 1990s rock album stub ... more details
Image Quartz zhaseni.gif thumb Undulose extinction of quartz in Gneiss Orthogneiss Image Quartz micro2.jpg thumb Undulose extinction or undulatory extinction is a geological term referring to the type of extinction that occurs in certain mineral s when examined in thin section under cross Polarization waves polarized light. As the microscope stage is rotated, individual mineral grains appear black when the polarization due to the mineral prevents any light from passing through. If a mineral is Plastic deformation in solids deformed plastically by dislocation processes without recovery metallurgy recovery , strain builds up within the crystal lattice causing it to warp. This means that different parts reach extinction at slightly different angles, giving the crystal an irregular, mottled look. ref http books.google.co.uk books?id 4jMq3iw XVUC&pg PA57&dq 22undulose extinction 22&lr &ei WUqISvXPEpu ygTO0f2yDg v onepage&q 22undulose 20extinction 22&f false Passchier, C.W. & Trouw, R.A.J. 2005. Microtectonics, 2nd edition, Springer, 366pp. ref Undulose extinction is very common in quartz , so much so that it is often used as a diagnostic feature of that mineral, and feldspar of various sorts, but is possible in almost any mineral. It is possible to identify the presence of a porphyroblast before the main deformation event in a metamorphic reaction, if a porphyroblast displays clear undulose extinction it is a clear sign that it existed before the main rock was created. References Reflist Commons Category Undulose extinction Category Optical mineralogy Petrology stub cs Undul zn zh en de Undul se Ausl schung es Extinci n ondulante ... more details
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