lowercase In most Unix like operating systems , the code ps code program displays the currently running process computing processes . A related Unix utility named Top Unix top provides a real time view of the running processes. The code ps code command is analogous to the Microsoft Windows code tasklist code command. In Windows PowerShell , code ps code is a predefined Alias command command alias for the code Get Process code cmdlet which basically serves the same purpose. Examples For example source lang bash ps PID TTY TIME CMD 7431 pts 0 00 00 00 su 7434 pts 0 00 00 00 bash 18585 pts 0 00 00 00 ps source Users can also utilize the tt ps tt command in conjunction with the code grep code see ... format source lang bash ps U root u root u USER PID CPU MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 1 0.0 0.0 10348 640 ? Ss 2009 0 06 init 5 source Options ps has many options. On operating system s that support the Single UNIX Specification SUS and POSIX standards, ps commonly runs with the options ..., there is no in front of the aux . Also you can add ww after aux, like ps auxww for complete information about the process including all parameters. See also code top Unix top code code pstree Unix pstree code code pgrep code code kill command kill code List of Unix programs External links http www.opengroup.org onlinepubs 009695399 utilities ps.html ps Specification from the Single Unix Specification ... using ps command man 1 ps report a snapshot of the current processes unix commands Category Unix SUS2008 utilities Category Unix process and task management related software bg PsUnix ca PsUNIX cs PsUnix de PsUnix el PsUnix es PsUnix fa Ps fr PsUnix ko Ps it PsUnix ka Ps hu PsUnix nl PsUnix ja PsUNIX pl PsUnix pt PsUnix ru Ps uk Ps ... process id source lang bash Trying to find the PID of firefox bin which is 2701 ps A grep firefox bin ... or e option will cause the display of environment variable s . On such systems, ps commonly runs with the non ... more details
Other uses AT disambiguation lowercase In Unix like computer operating system s, the code at code command is used to schedule command computing command s to be executed once, at a particular system time time in the future. More precisely, it reads a series of commands from standard input and collects them into one at job which is carried out at a later date. The at job inherits the current environment, so that it is executed in the same working directory and with the same environment variable s set as when it was scheduled. It differs from code cron code which is used for recurring executions e.g. once an hour, every Tuesday, January 1 every year . As with code cron code , many Unix systems allow the administrator to restrict access to the code at code command. code at code can be made to mail a user when done carrying out a scheduled job of theirs, can use more than one job queue, and can read a list of jobs to carry out from a file instead of standard input. A sample command to compile a C programming language C program at 11 45 a. m. on January 31 sup st sup and e mail the results Standard streams STDOUT and STDERR to your user ID would be source lang bash echo cc o foo foo.c at 1145 at 1145 jan 31 at cc o foo foo.c at D press Control D while at the beginning of a line source In some Unix like computer operating system s it uses a Daemon computer software daemon , code atd code , which waits in the background periodically checking the list of jobs to do and executing those ... of Unix programs External links man cu at SUS execute commands at a later time man 1 at queue, examine or delete jobs for later execution unix commands unix stub Category Standard Unix programs At Category Unix SUS2008 utilities Category Unix process and task management related software ca At Unix cs At Unix de At Unix el At Unix es At Unix fr At Unix it At Unix hu At Unix ja At UNIX pl At Unix pt At Unix ro At Unix ru At uk At ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Expert subject Telecommunications date November 2008 infobox software name As latest release version latest release date platform website as is a generic name for an assembly language Assembler assembler on Unix . The GNU Project s assembler is named GNU assembler Gas . Category Assemblers Category Unix programming tools Unix stub ru As ... more details
Infobox OS name Unix logo screenshot Image Unix history simple.svg 250px caption Evolution of Unix and Unix ... source software closed source , now some Unix projects Berkeley Software Distribution BSD family ... & Graphical user interface Graphical X Window System family Unix released 1969 programmed in C programming ... Proprietary software Proprietary working state Active Unix officially trademarked as UNIX , sometimes also written as span style font variant small caps Unix span is a Computer multitasking multitasking ... , Dennis Ritchie , Brian Kernighan , Douglas McIlroy , and Joe Ossanna . The Unix operating system ... to other hardware. Today s Unix systems are split into various branches, developed over time by AT&T ... consortium, owns the UNIX trademark. Only systems fully compliant with and certified according to the Single UNIX Specification are qualified to use the trademark others might be called Unix system like or Unix like though the Open Group disapproves of this term . ref http www.unix.org questions answers faq.html 7a Unix.org ref However, the term Unix is often used informally to denote any ..., the influence of Unix in academic circles led to large scale adoption of Unix particularly of the Berkeley ... operating system AIX . Today, in addition to certified Unix systems such as those already mentioned, Unix like operating systems such as Linux and BSD descendants FreeBSD , NetBSD , and OpenBSD are commonly encountered. The term traditional Unix may be used to describe a Unix or an operating system that has the characteristics of either Version 7 Unix or UNIX System V . Overview Unix operating ... web author 8 30 AM url http www.asymco.com 2010 09 29 unixs revenge title Unix s Revenge publisher asymco date 2010 09 29 accessdate 2010 11 09 ref The Unix environment and the client server program ... in Computer networking networks rather than in individual computers. Both Unix and the C programming ... other operating system. As a result, Unix became synonymous with Open system computing open systems ... more details
Letter NumberCombination PR PT OS QS wiktionary PSPS , ps , and other variants may refer to TOC right Writing and linguistics Postscript , writing added after the main body of a letter Pashto language , ISO 639 alpha 2 language code Entertainment, music and literature Priory of Sion , Prieur de Sion , mentioned in the 2003 novel The Da Vinci Code PS Classics , a record label P.S. , a 2004 film P.S. I Love You 1934 song , a 1934 song by Johnny Mercer and Gordon Jenkins P.S. I Love You The Beatles song , a 1962 song by John Lennon and Paul McCartney P.S. I Love You film , a 2007 film P.S. A Toad Retrospective , a compilation album of music by Toad the Wet Sprocket P.S. album P.S. album , a compilation album of film music by Goran Bregovic Purple Noon Plein Soleil , 1960 film PS , 2003 song by The Books from the album The Lemon of Pink Computers and technology .ps , the Palestinian Internet domain extension or top level domain ccTLD psUnix , an application that displays statistics on running processes Adobe Photoshop , a graphics editor and creator by Adobe PostScript , a page description language MPEG program stream , an MPEG 2 container format Windows PowerShell , a Microsoft application ... Ps, Positronium , pseudo chemical symbol Units Ps, picosecond or 1 E 12 s , an SI unit of time equivalent to 10 sup 12 sup of a second, standard abbreviation ps uncapitalized Picosiemens, an SI unit ... United p.s. , a Premium Service offered by United Airlines Paddle steamer , a steamboat ... Synchrotron , a 1959 particle accelerator at CERN Religion Ps, for Pastor , a minister in a Pentecostal Christian Church Ps., abbreviation for Psalms , a book in the Tanakh or Christian Bible Political ... video game Other uses Public school government funded , e.g., P.S. 31 Police Sergeant disambig br PS ca PS cs PS de PS el PS es PS eo Ps fa PS fr PS ko PS hi PS is PS it PS he PS sw PS lv PS lt PS nl PS ja PS no PS pl PS pt PS ru PS sk PS sl PS fi Ps sv PS th tr PS zh PS ... more details
For the file extension .ps PostScript Infobox top level domain name .ps background CCF image File niclogo.jpg introduced 2000 type Country code top level domain status Active registry http www.pnina.ps PNINA sponsor http www.pita.ps PITA intendeduse Entities connected with br Palestinian territories Palestinian Territory, Occupied actualuse Very popular in the Palestinian territories restrictions 2nd level registrations unrestricted 3rd level registrations may have limitations based on which 2nd level domain they are within structure May register at second level or beneath generic 2nd level categories at 3rd level document IANA reports http www.iana.org reports ps report 22mar00.htm Delegation 2000 , http www.iana.org reports ps report 21jun04.htm Redelegation 2004 http www.icann.org cctlds ps ICANN MoU disputepolicy http www.nic.ps dispute dispute.html DRS Policy website http www.nic.ps nic.ps .ps is the Internet country code top level domain ccTLD officially designated for the Palestinian territories . It is administered by the Palestinian National Internet Naming Authority . Registrations ... ref http www.pnina.ps domains registration policy PNINA ref .ps Any Palestinian Commercial or Personal ... List of .ps certified registrars http www.iana.org root whois ps.htm IANA .ps whois information DEFAULTSORT PS Category Country code top level domains Category Economy of the Palestinian territories ... media compu domain stub ar .ps az .ps be .ps be x old .ps bs .ps bg .ps cv .ps cs .ps cy .ps da .ps de .ps et .ps el .ps es .ps eo .ps eu .ps fa .ps fr .ps xal .ps ko .ps hy .ps hr .ps id .ps is .ps it .ps he krc .ps ka .ps lv .ps lb .ps hu .ps ms .ps nl .ps ja .ps ce .ps no .ps uz .ps nds .ps pl .ps pt .ps ro .ps ru .ps sah .ps sq .ps sk .ps sr .ps sh .ps fi .ps sv Toppdom n P tl .ps tt .ps th .ps tg .ps tr .ps tk .ps uk .ps ur Ps. vi .ps fiu vro .ps war .ps yo .ps zh yue .ps diq .ps zh .ps ... more details
PS is a magazine published in Sweden . It was the eighteenth best selling magazine in the country in 2004. Category Swedish magazines Sweden mag stub ... more details
About the film other meanings PS disambiguation Infobox film name P.S. image P.S. film poster.jpg image size alt caption Theatrical poster director Dylan Kidd editing Kate Sanford distributor Newmarket Films budget released Start date 2004 10 15 runtime 97 minutes language English gross 175,408 USA p.s. is a 2004 drama film directed by Dylan Kidd . The screenplay by Kidd and Helen Schulman is based on Schulman s 2001 novel P.S. I Love You So Damn Much . The film stars Laura Linney and Topher Grace . Plot synopsis Thirty nine year old divorc e Louise Harrington Linney works in the admissions office at Columbia University School of the Arts . She is unnerved when she receives an application from F. Scott Feinstadt Grace , the same name of her high school sweetheart who was killed in a car crash, and calls the student to arrange an interview. His appearance, mannerisms, and painting style closely resemble those of her former love, and she begins to suspect the young artist may be the reincarnation of her old flame. Hours after meeting, the two embark upon an affair. Also complicating Louise s life are her relationship with her ex husband Peter Gabriel Byrne , who confesses he is learning to cope with a sex addiction that, unbeknownst to her, plagued their marriage her ne er do well brother ... www.the numbers.com movies 2004 PS.php p.s. at TheNumbers.com ref Principal cast Laura Linney ..... Louise .... But Kidd and co writer Helen Schulman... smooth every edge, and P.S. goes disappointingly soft ... http www.rollingstone.com reviews movie 6136645 review 6557556 ps Rolling Stone review ref blockquote ... links imdb title id 0380609 title P.S. rotten tomatoes id ps title P.S. mojo title id ps title P.S. Category 2004 films Category American films Category 2000s drama films Category Films based on novels Category Films set in New York City Category Films shot in New York City de P.S. Liebe auf Anfang fr P.S. film, 2004 it P.S. Ti amo ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Lowercase The command w on many Unix like operating system s provides a quick summary of every user logged into a computer, what that user is currently doing, and what load all the activity is imposing on the computer itself. The command is a one command combination of several other Unix programs tt Who Unix who tt , tt uptime tt , and tt PsUnixps a tt . Sample output this will, of course, vary between systems source lang bash w 11 12am up 608 day s , 19 56, 6 users, load average 0.36, 0.36, 0.37 User tty login idle what smithj pts 5 8 52am w jonesm pts 23 20Apr06 28 bash harry pts 18 9 01am 9 pine peterb pts 19 21Apr06 emacs nw html index.html janetmcq pts 8 10 12am 3days csh singh pts 12 16Apr06 5 29 usr bin perl w perl test program.pl source External Links man 1 w Unix commands Category Unix user management and support related utilities Unix stub cs W Unix el W Unix es W Unix ko W hu W Unix ja W UNIX pl W Unix pt W Unix ru W Unix zh W Unix ... more details
lowercase title watch Unix watch is a GNU command line tool that runs the specified command computing command repeatedly and displays the output on stdout so you can watch it change over time. By default, the command is run every 2 seconds, although this is adjustable with the code n secs code argument. Since the command is passed to code sh c code , you may need to encase it in quotes for it to run correctly. Syntax watch options command command options Example watch psUnixps aux grep php This will generate a list of process computing process es every 2 seconds, filter for all lines that contain the word php , and display the results on the screen. The output might look something like this Every 2s ps aux grep php Tue Jan 30 14 56 33 2007 reconst 30028 0.0 0.0 7044 2596 ? S Jan23 0 00 vim r core html api.php cinonet 28009 0.0 0.2 20708 11064 ? SN Jan25 0 30 php5.cgi donoiz 23810 0.0 0.2 22740 10996 ? SN Jan27 0 30 php.cgi 43 pdf The watch command is useful for viewing changes over time, like repeatedly running the code ls l code command to watch a file s size change, or running code ps code as in the above example to monitor certain processes continuously. Arguments code d code Highlights differences between iterations code h code Displays a help message, then exits code n secs code Specifies the interval between executions of the command in seconds code t code Tells watch not to display the header code v code Prints version information, then exits See also List of Unix commands External links man 1 watch execute a program periodically, showing output fullscreen Unix commands Category Unix process and task management related software Category Standard Unix programs ca Watch Unix pl Watch Unix ru Watch uk Watch ... more details
Infobox OS name Tru64 UNIX logo screenshot caption developer Digital Equipment Corporation DEC , Hewlett ... DEC Alpha ui Command line interface family Unix released release date and age 1992 1 latest release ... Proprietary website http h30097.www3.hp.com Tru64 UNIX Software Tru64 UNIX is a 64 bit UNIX operating ... HP . Previously, Tru64 UNIX was a product of Compaq , and before that, Digital Equipment Corporation DEC , where it was known as Digital UNIX formerly DEC OSF 1 AXP . As its original name suggests, Tru64 UNIX is based on the OSF 1 operating system. DEC s previous UNIX product was known as Ultrix and was based on BSD . It is unusual among commercial UNIX implementations, as it is built on top of the Mach kernel developed at Carnegie Mellon University . Other UNIX implementations built on top of the Mach kernel are NeXTSTEP , MkLinux , and Mac OS X . Tru64 UNIX requires the System Reference ... right A Digital UNIX key chain. The other side says, CALIFORNIA Y W8 4 HP The Migration State In 1988, during the so called Unix wars , DEC joined with IBM , Hewlett Packard , and others to form the Open Software Foundation OSF to develop a version of Unix. Dubbed OSF 1, the aim was to compete with UNIX System V System V Release 4 from AT&T and Sun Microsystems , and it has been argued that a primary ... Salus, Peter H. title A Quarter Century of UNIX publisher Addison Wesley Pub. Co location Reading ... needed date April 2008 , and with traditional UNIX implementations at the time providing poor real time ... release to provide Unix compatibility. OSF 1 was envisaged to be the third major branch of the Unix ... 64 bit operating system and the native UNIX implementation for the Alpha architecture. From OSF 1 AXP V2.0 onwards, UNIX System V compatibility was also integrated into the system. Other vendors HP ... 1 ai 12162157 title IBM announces AIX ESA mainframe version of Unix Product Announcement Newsbytes ... architecture used in the KSR1 supercomputer . In 1994, after AT&T had sold UNIX System V to Novell ... more details
lowercase Image Pg Unix screenshot.png thumbnail Example output of the tt pg tt command in xterm . pg is a terminal pager program on Unix and Unix like systems for viewing text file s. It can also be used to page through the output of a command via a pipe Unix pipe . pg uses an interface similar to vi , but commands are different. ref http www.computerhope.com unix upg.htm Linux Unix pg command ref more command more , and less Unix less are more commonly used paging programs. See also less Unix less more command more References reflist Unix commands unix stub Category Terminal pagers ... more details
lowercase Unreferenced date March 2007 The tt install tt command is a standard Unix program used to copy Computer file files and set file permissions . Category Standard Unix programs Unix stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Mergeto filter software date November 2008 In UnixUNIX and UNIX like operating systems, a filter is a program that gets most of its data from its standard input the main input stream and writes its main results to its standard output the main output stream . UNIX filters are often used as elements of pipeline Unix pipeline s. The pipe operator on a command line signifies that the main output of the command to the left is passed as main input to the command on the right. The classic filter would be grep , which at it simplest prints to its output any lines containing a character string. Here s an example cut d f 1 etc passwd grep foo This finds all registered users that have foo as part of their username by using the Cut Unix cut command to take the first field username of each line of the UNIX system password file and passing them all as input to grep, which searches its input for lines containing the character string foo and prints them on its output. Here is a perl equivalent to the above, which prints the whole line from the passwd file perl ne print if m foo etc passwd Or, to print only the username, without the rest of the line perl ane shift F print n if foo F etc passwd Common UNIX filter programs are Cat Unix cat , cut Unix cut , grep , head Unix head , Sort Unix sort , uniq and tail Unix tail . Programs like awk and sed can be used to build quite complex filters because they are fully programmable. List of UNIX filter programs awk programming language awk cat Unix cat comm Unix comm cut Unix cut Expand Unix expand compress Fold Unix fold grep head Unix head Nl Unix nl perl Pr Unix pr sed UNIX shell sh Sort Unix sort Split Unix split Strings Unix strings tail Unix tail Tac Unix tac Tee Unix tee tr program tr uniq Wc Unix wc See also Filter software Unix commands Category Unix da Filter program it Filtro Unix ja pt Filtro Unix ... more details
saved book title Unix subtitle cover image Poundexclam.svg cover color Black Unix Introduction UnixUnix wars Historically significant corporations AT&T Bell Labs Hewlett Packard IBM Novell SCO Group Sun Microsystems Unix standards and organizations The Open Group X Open POSIX Single UNIX Specification Unix operating systems Berkeley Software Distribution 1977 Berkeley Software Distribution Version 7 Unix 1979 Version 7 Unix SunOS 1982 SunOS UNIX System V 1983 UNIX System V HP UX 1984 HP UX IBM AIX 1986 AIX IRIX 1988 IRIX SCO OpenServer 1989 SCO OpenServer Solaris operating system 1992 Solaris Tru64 UNIX 1992 Tru64 UNIX UnixWare 1992 UnixWare Mac OS X 2001 Mac OS X Unix like operating environments Unix like Cygwin FreeBSD GNU Interix Linux NetBSD NeXTSTEP OpenBSD OpenSolaris Plan 9 from Bell Labs Legal battles and controversies SCO Linux controversies SCO v. IBM SCO v. Novell SCO and SGI Red Hat v. SCO USL v. BSDi Category Wikipedia books books without categories Category Wikipedia books on computer science ... more details
Bell Unix Columbus UNIX or CB UNIX was, according to Marc Rochkind ref cite book last Rochkind first Marc title Advanced UNIX Programming publisher Prentice Hall year 1985 pages 156 157 isbn 0 13 011800 1 ref , a variant of the UNIX operating system internal to Bell Labs . It was developed at the Columbus, Ohio Columbus , Ohio branch and was little known outside the company. CB UNIX was developed to address deficiencies inherent in Research Unix , notably the lack of interprocess communication and file locking , considered essential for a database management system . Several Bell System operation support system products were based on CB UNIX such as Switching Control Center System . The primary innovations were power fail restart, line disciplines, terminal types, and IPC features similar to System V s messages and shared memory ref cite newsgroup title UNIX history author Dale Dejager date 1984 01 16 newsgroup net.unix url http groups.google.com group net.unix msg b80689d4b3bff13f?dmode source ref . Image CB Unix Manuals.jpg thumb left 200px Volume 1 and Volume 2 of the UNIX Programmers Manual CB Version See also Plan 9 from Bell Labs References reflist Unix like DEFAULTSORT Cb Unix Category Bell Labs Unices Category Discontinued operating systems Unix stub ... more details
lowercase fg is a job control Unix job control command in Unix and Unix like operating systems that resumes execution of a suspended Process computing process by bringing it to the foreground and thus redirecting its standard input and standard output output streams to the user s computer terminal terminal . ref name man http www.computerhope.com unix ufg.htm fg man page ref fg is required to be included in an operating system in order for it to be POSIX compliant. ref name POSIX commands http manuals.fujitsu siemens.com servers bs2 man man us posix v6 0 posix k.pdf POSIX BS2000 OSD Commands User Guide ref See also bg Unix bg , the complementary command that sends a process to the background SIGCONT References Reflist External links man cu fg SUS run jobs in the foreground Unix commands Category Standard Unix programs Category Unix SUS2008 utilities Unix stub ca Fg Unix el Fg Unix fr Fg Unix pl Fg Unix ... more details
Multiple issues unreferenced February 2007 orphan February 2009 Infobox OS name Unix NS screenshot caption developer NCR Corporation NCR family Unix source model Closed source kernel type Monolithic kernel license Proprietary software Proprietary Unix NS the NCR Corporation NCR 3700 Operating System is based on the Unix SVR4 . It contains significant extensions for massively parallel systems, in particular Distributed Memory DBMSs. The extensions include the concepts of virtual processor and virtual disk, message and global synchronization system, segment system, and globally distributed objects. When compared to other parallel UNIX operating systems like Mach or ChorusOS Chorus , Unix NS has a more powerful communication and message addressing paradigm, and richer process group management and global synchronization mechanism. Unix like DEFAULTSORT Unix Ns Category System V de Unix NS ... more details
lowercase title clear Unix Image Clear gnulinux.gif thumb Clear being used on GNU LInux under uxterm code clear do not subst template code tag breaks popups is a standard Unix computer operating system command which is used to clear the screen. Depending on the system, tt clear tt uses the terminfo or termcap database, as well as looking into the environment for the terminal type in order to deduce how to clear the screen. The Unix command tt clear tt takes no arguments and is roughly analogous to the MS DOS command tt Cls computing cls tt . External links http invisible island.net ncurses man clear.1.html The manual tt man tt page for tt clear tt See also List of Unix programs unix commands Unix stub Category Unix software fa Clear fr Clear Unix hu Clear Unix ... more details
The Unix System ISBN 0 201 13791 7 is a book by Stephen R. Bourne it was the first widely available general introduction to the Unix operating system . It included some historical material on Unix, as well as material on using the system, editing, the software tools concept, C programming using the Unix API , data management with the shell and awk , and typesetting with troff . DEFAULTSORT Unix System Category Computer books compu book stub ... more details
lowercase bg is a job control Unix job control command in Unix and Unix like operating systems that resumes execution of a suspended Process computing process without bringing it to the foreground ref name bg man page http pwet.fr man linux commandes posix bg bg man page ref the resumed process continues to execute in the background without receiving user input from the Computer terminal terminal . bg is required to be included in an operating system in order for it to be POSIX compliant. ref name POSIX commands http manuals.fujitsu siemens.com servers bs2 man man us posix v6 0 posix k.pdf POSIX BS2000 OSD Commands User Guide ref See also fg Unix fg , the complementary command that brings a process to the foreground References Reflist Unix commands Category Standard Unix programs Category Unix SUS2008 utilities unix stub ca Bg Unix el Bg Unix fr Bg Unix zh Bg Unix ... more details
lowercase code fc do not subst template code tag breaks popups is a standard program on Unix that lists or edits and reexecutes, commands previously entered to an interactive shell. fc is a Shell builtin built in command in the Bash Unix shell bash shell help fc will show usage information. Examples Features History See also List of Unix programs References Solaris 10 man page for fc command External links man cu fc SUS process the command history list unix commands Category Standard Unix programs Category Unix SUS2008 utilities el Fc ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 lowercase timex is a Unix utility tool, most commonly used in the measurement of duration of shell processes. It is also used to measure process data and system activity. The tool appears in IBM s AIX operating system AIX version of Unix and the Solaris Operating System from Sun Microsystems. See also List of Unix programs External links http www.llnl.gov computing tutorials performance tools man timex.txt Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory s copy of the AIX timex man page. http docs.sun.com app docs doc 816 5165 timex 1?l en&a view&q timex timex time a command report process data and system activity Solaris Operating System Solaris Manual page Unix man page unix commands Category Unix process and task management related software unix stub pl Timex Unix ... more details
lowercase tac is a Linux command that allows you to see a file line by line backwards. It is named by analogy with cat Unix cat . Its standard Unix equivalent is code tail r code . Usage pre Usage tac OPTION ... FILE ... Write each FILE to standard output, last line first. With no FILE, or when FILE is , read standard input. Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. b, before attach the separator before instead of after r, regex interpret the separator as a regular expression s, separator STRING use STRING as the separator instead of newline help display this help and exit version output version information and exit pre See also cat Unix cat External links Manual pages man 1 tac unix commands Category Unix text processing utilities Unix stub hu Tac Unix pl Tac Unix ru Tac uk Tac ... more details
Inappropriate tone date December 2007 Bell Unix Research Unix is a term used to refer to versions of the Unix ... to as Department 1127 . History The term Research Unix first appeared in the Bell System Technical ... Labs such as PWB UNIX and Multi Environment Real Time MERT whose code base had diverged from the primary CSRC version. However, that term was little used until Version 8 Unix , but has been retcon retroactively ... called simply UNIX in caps or the UNIX Time Sharing System. Because both the early versions and the last ... Unix versions are often referred to by the edition of the Unix manual manual that describes them. So, the first Research Unix would be the First Edition, and the last the Tenth Edition. Another common way of referring to them is Version x or V x Unix, where x is the manual edition. All modern editions of Unix excepting implementations from scratch like Coherent operating system Coherent , Minix , and Linux , usually referred to as Unix like derive from the 7th Edition. Versions class wikitable Manual Edition Release date Description 1st Edition Nov. 3, 1971 First edition of the Unix manual, based on the version that ran on the PDP 11 at the time. Unix was actually 2 years old at the time and had ... the C programming language C programming language and Unix pipe pipes total number of installations was 16. 4th Edition Nov. 1973 First Unix written in C programming language C . It also introduced Group identifier Unix groups . Number of installations was listed as above 20 . The manual was formatted ... above 50 . Version 6 Unix 6th Edition May 1975 First Unix to see widespread distribution outside ... UNIX, a cut down v6 for the low end PDP 11 10. Version 7 Unix 7th Edition Jan. 1979 The ancestor of all modern UNIX systems and the last release of Research Unix to see widespread external distributions. Merged together most of the utilities of PWB UNIX with an extensively modified kernel with almost 80 more lines of code than V6. In February, a port called UNIX 32V 32V was made to DEC s VAX hardware ... more details
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