In statistical genetics , Felsenstein s tree pruningalgorithm or Felsenstein s tree peeling algorithm , due to Joe Felsenstein Joseph Felsenstein , is an algorithm for computing the likelihood of an evolutionary tree from nucleic acid sequence data. The algorithm is often used as a subroutine in a search for a maximum likelihood estimate for an evolutionary tree. Further, it can be used in a hypothesis test for whether evolutionary rates are constant by using likelihood ratio test s . It can also be used to provide error estimates for the parameters describing an evolutionary tree. References cite journal authorlink Joseph Felsenstein last Felsenstein first Joseph year 1981 title Evolutionary trees from DNA sequences a maximum likelihood approach journal J Mol Evol volume 17 pages 368 376 pmid 7288891 doi 10.1007 BF01734359 issue 6 genetics stub statistics stub Category Statistical genetics ... more details
about the pruning of plants in general the pruning of fruit bearing trees Fruit tree pruning other uses ... thumb right Pruning dense growth after shearing Image Baumausschnitt Bretten.JPG thumb right an overly pruned urban tree in Germany Pruning is a horticulture horticultural practice involving the selective ... pruning practices may be applied to certain plants, such as Rose Pruning roses , fruit tree pruning fruit trees , and Viticulture Pruning grapevines . Different pruning techniques may be deployed ... but not exclusively maintained by hedge trimmer hedge trimming , rather than by pruning. Arborist ... such as wind , ice pruning ice and snow , and Salt pruning can cause plants to self prune. This natural ... intrusion and decay. It is therefore preferable to make any necessary formative structural pruning ... plants. Pruning landscape and amenity trees Image Pruning when there s a branch collar.jpg 250px thumb right Pruning when there s a branch collar Note the swollen area where the branch joins the trunk ... Pruning when there s a collarless union Note there s no swollen area where the branch joins the trunk ... dominant1.JPG 250px thumb right Pruning when it s a codominant stem Note the bottom of the BBR and where .... Lifting the crown will allow traffic and pedestrians to pass underneath safely. This pruning technique ... situations can work out more economically and environmentally friendly. Directional or formative pruning Removal of appropriate branches to make the tree structurally sound whilst shaping it. Vista pruning Selectively pruning a window of view in a tree. Crown reduction Reducing the height and or spread ... interception and enhancing fruit quality. Pollarding Main Pollarding A regular form of pruning .... Types of pruning Regardless of the various names used for types of pruning, there are only two basic ... 129.htm The Basics of Pruning ref Removing a portion of a growing stem down to a set of desirable buds ... direction. Also commonly known as heading back . Thinning A more drastic form of pruning, a thinning ... more details
PLEASE READ Wikipedia Disambiguation dos and don ts wiktionarypar pruningPruning is the practice of removing unwanted portions from a plant. Pruning may also refer to Synaptic pruning , the reformation of neural structure by pruning excess neurons or neural clusters Pruningalgorithm , a method of simplification of a decision tree The Pruning morphology algorithm, a technique used in digital image processing based on mathematical morphology Pruning viticulture , how pruning is used in vine training systems Pruning vascular , in prenatal development , the disappearance of blood vessels which are no longer needed Pruning microeconomics , the removal of excess items from a budget Pruning maceration , in dermatology , the softening, whitening, and wrinkling of skin that is soaked in water disambig br Ment de Taille Begriffskl rung fr Taille lb Taille nl Taille ... more details
The pruningalgorithm is a technique used in digital image processing based on mathematical morphology . It is used as a complement to the Topological skeleton skeleton and thinning algorithms to remove unwanted parasitic components. In this case parasitic components refer to branches of a line which are not key to the overall shape of the line and should be removed. These components can often be created by edge detection algorithms or Digitizing digitisation . The standard pruningalgorithm will remove all branches shorter than a given number of points. The algorithm starts at the end points and recursively removes a given number n of points from each branch. After this step it will apply dilatation on the new end points with a 2 N 1 2 N 1 structuring element of 1 s and will intersect the result with the original image. If a parasitic branch is shorter than four points and we run the algorithm with n 4 the branch will be removed. The second step ensures that the main trunks of each line are not shortened by the procedure. See also Morphological image processing External Links http reference.wolfram.com mathematica ref Pruning.html Morphological Pruning function in Mathematica DEFAULTSORT Pruning Morphology Category Digital geometry Category Mathematical morphology Comp sci stub es Poda morfolog a matem tica ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 A pruning poem is a poem that uses rhyme s that are prunings of each other. Each rhyme word is one letter shorter than the rhyme word before. Otherwise, they are the same word. While it is possible to write a pruning poem in couplet s or longer, it is most effective when the reader sees the pruning on the page. Thus, George Herbert , who conducted many formal experiments in verse, writes Paradise as a pruning poem. What open force, or hidden u charm u Can blast my fruit, or bring me u harm u While the inclosure is thine u arms u ? Pruning could be accomplished by cutting terminal as well as initial letters, but initial position pruning is the more common and noticeable. DEFAULTSORT Pruning Poem Category Rhyme Category Poetic devices ... more details
pruning , neuronal pruning or axon pruning refer to neurological regulatory processes, which facilitate ... more efficient synaptic configurations. Pruning is a process that is a general feature of mammalian neurological development. Pruning starts near the time of birth and is completed by the time of sexual ... of pruning in simulated large scale spiking neural networks journal BioSystems volume 79 issue ... is seen after adolescence reflecting synaptic pruning, and approximately 50 of neurons during development ... first2 HJ. year 2006 title Axon pruning an essential step underlying the developmental plasticity of neuronal ... rstb.2006.1883 ref Pruning is influenced by environmental factors and is widely thought to represent learning. Variations of Synaptic Pruning Regulatory Pruning At birth, the neurons in the visual ... of pruning is known as large scale stereotyped axon pruning. Neurons send long axon branches ... 2010 title Guidance Molecules in Axon Pruning and Cell Death journal Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives ... and mature circuitry. Apoptosis and pruning are the two main methods of severing the undesired connections ... eliminated. In contrast, the neuron does not die in pruning, but requires the retraction of axons ... pruning is to remove unnecessary neuronal structures from the brain as the human brain develops ... title Neuronal Regulation a mechanism for synaptic pruning during brain maturation journal Neural Computation ... with regulation of cognitive childhood development, pruning is thought to be a process of removing ... name chechik 1 Pruning in the Maturing Brain The pruning that is associated with learning, is known as small scale axon terminal arbor pruning. Axons extend short axon terminal arbors toward neurons .... Examples seen in vertebrate include pruning of axon terminals in the neuromuscular junction in the peripheral nervous system and the pruning of climbing fiber inputs to the cerebellum in the central nervous system . ref name vander 1 ref In terms of humans, synaptic pruning has been observed through ... more details
Image Torrey pine.jpg right thumb A Torrey pine shaped by salt pruning. Salt pruning is the process by which saline mists generated by seawater are driven ashore by winds to alter the shape of trees or shrubs over considerable times throughout the growth cycle of the affected plant. The process of salt pruning selectively degrades foliage and branches on the windward side of the plant facing the body of saline water. The resultant growth form is an asymmetrical plant form, swept back away from the ocean. Examples There are numerous examples worldwide of this phenomenon. In the eastern United States on Long Island occurrences of salt pruned Quercus stellata are observed in Flax Marsh. ref Mineral Science Institute 2005 http www.eserc.stonybrook.edu 8080 FlaxPondDigitalLibrary FlaxPond index.html ref In San Diego County , California a colony of Pinus torreyana is found where salt spray driven mist from the Pacific Ocean has shaped many Torrey Pines via salt pruning. ref C.Michael Hogan 2008 Torrey Pine Pinus torreyana , Globaltwitcher, ed. Nicklas Stromberg http www.globaltwitcher.com artspec info.asp?thingid 62498 ref See also Ice pruning Lone Cypress References reflist botany stub Category Physiological plant disorders ... more details
Ice pruning is the natural process of selective vegetative pruning on the windward side of a plant, executed by the impact of ice and snow particles driven by wind. ref William M. Marsh, 1978 ref The process is sometimes termed snow pruning . The time scale required for this phenomenon is typically over a multi year growth period moreover, a requirement to achieve the characteristic asymmetry is that prevailing winds during snow season has a decided bias in the wind rose . Examples Ice pruning is often seen in far northern latitudes, such as locations above 50 degrees northern latitude. In parts of northern Canada, Black Spruce dominant forests demonstrate some individual trees that are distinctively ice pruned. ref C. Michael Hogan, 2008 ref See also Salt pruning References C. Michael Hogan, http globaltwitcher.auderis.se artspec information.asp?thingid 44751 Black Spruce Picea mariana , GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Stromberg, November, 2008 William M. Marsh 1978 Environmental Analysis For Land Use and Site Planning , McGraw Hill, 292 pages ISBN 0070404909 Line notes reflist botany stub Category Physiological plant disorders ... more details
Image Secateur ouvert.jpg thumb Bypass secateurs Pruning shears , also called hand pruners in American English , or secateurs are a type of scissors for use with plants. They are strong enough to pruning prune hard branches of trees and shrubs , sometimes up to two centimetres thick. They are used in gardening , arboriculture , farming , flower arranging , and nature conservation where fine scale habitat management is required. Loppers are a larger, two handed, long handled version for branches thicker than pruning shears can cut. Designs Image Pruning shears removableblade.JPG thumb left 200px Professional pruning shears often have replaceable blades There are three blade designs of pruning shears anvil , bypass and parrot beak . Anvil pruners have only one blade which closes onto a flat surface. They tend to crush the stem, but remain reliable when slightly blunt. Anvil secateurs are useful for cutting thick branches ref http www.secateurs and pruning.co.uk ref . Bypass secateurs usually work exactly like a pair of scissors, with two blades passing each other to make the cut. At least one of the blades will be curved a convex upper blade with either a concave or straight lower one. Some bypass designs have only one blade, the lower jaw being broad like an anvil but passing the upper jaw. Parrot beak secateurs consist of two concave passing blades, which trap the stem between them to make the cut. These are suitable only for narrower stems. ref cite book last Bird first Richard year 2002 title Garden Answers Pruning publisher Hamlyn location London isbn 0 600 61024 1 ref Handle length Image Averruncator.png thumb 200px Fig.1 shows the handle and head of an averruncator. Fig. 2 shows the head in use. Secateurs have short handle grip handle s and are operated with one hand. ref cite book title Oxford Dictionary of English origyear 1998 edition 2nd edition revised year 2005 publisher Oxford University Press location Oxford isbn 0198613148 ref A spring device spring between ... more details
200px thumb lright Flow chart of an algorithm Euclid s algorithm for calculating the greatest common divisor g.c.d. of two numbers a and b in locations named A and B. The algorithm proceeds by successive ... B is less than or equal to the number a in location A THEN the algorithm specifies B B A meaning ... of B is 0, yielding the g.c.d. in A. Algorithm derived from Scott 2009 13 symbols and drawing style from Tausworthe 1977 . In mathematics and computer science , an algorithm IPAc en audio en ... mathematical algorithm, for example, can be described in a finite number of English words Rogers ... the algorithm There is a computing agent, usually human, which can react to the instructions and carry ... an algorithm is a procedure for computing a function with respect to some chosen notation for integers ... an algorithm is a step by step procedure for calculations. Starting from an initial state and initial input perhaps null string empty , ref An algorithm has zero or more inputs, i.e., quantity quantities which are given to it initially before the algorithm begins Knuth 1973 5 . ref the instructions ... A procedure which has all the characteristics of an algorithm except that it possibly lacks finiteness ..., eventually producing output ref An algorithm has one or more outputs, i.e. quantities which have a specified ... not including the input is an algorithm is debatable. Rogers opines that a computation is carried ... chapter What is an algorithm? title Mathematics Unlimited &mdash 2001 and beyond editor1 first B ... the definition of algorithm see Algorithm characterizations . For examples of simple addition algorithms specified in the detailed manner described in Algorithm characterizations , see Algorithm examples . While there is no generally accepted formal definition of algorithm, an informal definition ... people, a program is only an algorithm if it stops eventually for others, a program is only an algorithm ... terminate in a finite number of steps Stone 1973 7 8 . ref A prototypical example of an algorithm ... more details
mkearns papers pruning.pdf Fast, Bottom Up Decision Tree PruningAlgorithm http www.math.tau.ac.il mansour ...Cleanup date May 2008 expert subject multiple Mathematics Computer science date August 2009 Pruning is a technique ... sections of the tree that provide little power to classify instances. The dual goal of pruning ... tree algorithm is the optimal size of the final tree. A tree that is too large risks overfitting the training ... information about the sample space. However, it is hard to tell when a tree algorithm should ... each node contains a small number of instances then use pruning to remove nodes that do not provide ... of Statistical Learning. Springer 2001, pp. 269 272 ref . Pruning should reduce the size of a learning ... statistics cross validation . There are many techniques for tree pruning that differ in the measurement that is used to optimize performance. Techniques Pruning can occur in a top down or bottom up fashion. A top down pruning will traverse nodes and trim subtrees starting at the root, while a bottom up pruning will start at the leaf nodes. Below are several popular pruning algorithms. Reduced error pruning One of the simplest forms of pruning is reduced error pruning. Starting at the leaves, each ... is kept. While somewhat naive, reduced error pruning has the advantage of simplicity and speed. Cost complexity pruning CCP Cost complexity pruning generates a series of trees math T 0 dots ... node with value chosen as in the tree building algorithm. The subtree that is removed is chosen as follows ... for removal. The function math prune T,t math defines the tree gotten by pruning the subtrees math ... by generalized accuracy as measured by a training set or cross validation. See also Alpha beta pruning ... Judea Pearl , Heuristics , Addison Wesley, 1984 Pessimistic Decision tree pruning based on Tree size ref name Mansour1997 citation last Mansour first Y. year 1997 title Pessimistic decision tree pruning ... url http citeseer.ist.psu.edu 76752.html ref reflist Further reading MDL based decision tree pruning ... more details
other uses2 Alphabeta Tree search algorithm Alpha beta pruning is a search algorithm which seeks to decrease the number of nodes that are evaluated by the Minimax Minimax algorithm with alternate moves minimax algorithm in its game tree search tree . It is an adversarial search algorithm used commonly for machine playing of two player games Tic tac toe , Chess , Go board game Go , etc. . It stops completely evaluating a move when at least one possibility has been found that proves the move to be worse than a previously examined move. Such moves need not be evaluated further. When applied to a standard ... http ksquared.de gamevisual launch.php?agent 2 Minimax with or without alpha beta pruningalgorithm ... 2006 07 01 ref Alexander Brudno independently discovered the alpha beta algorithm, publishing his ... format PDF accessdate 2006 12 21 ref Donald Knuth and Ronald W. Moore refined the algorithm ... of Alpha Beta Pruning journal Artificial Intelligence volume 6 issue 4 year 1975 pages 293 326 accessdate ... over naive minimax Image AB pruning.svg thumb An illustration of alpha beta pruning. The grayed ..., respectively. The benefit of alpha beta pruning lies in the fact that branches of the search tree ... . The algorithm maintains two values, alpha and beta, which represent the minimum score that the maximizing ..., this algorithm can be trivially modified to return an entire Variation game tree Principal variation ... and MTD f . Since the minimax algorithm and its variants are inherently depth first search depth first ... in conjunction with alpha beta so that a reasonably good move can be returned even if the algorithm ..., but typically at a heavy cost in space efficiency. Citation needed date February 2007 See also Pruningalgorithm Branch and bound Minimax Combinatorial optimization Negamax Transposition table References ... jtorres ensino ia alfabeta.html Demonstration animation of minimax game search algorithm with alpha beta pruning using html5, canvas, javascript, css Game theory DEFAULTSORT Alpha Beta Pruning Category ... more details
About pruning of fruit bearing trees the pruning of trees and other plants in general Pruning Refimprove ... trees that have recently been pruned to renew their health and cropping potential Pruning fruit ... wood , and stimulate the formation of flowers and bud fruit buds . Pruning often means cutting branch es back to laterals or back to the main stem using proper pruning techniques. It may also mean the removal of shoot s including stem s , buds, leaf leaves , etc. The most effective pruning is done ... of harvesting the sun when pruning fruit trees. Many homeowners make the mistake of planting a fruit tree, then neglecting it until it begins to bear fruit. Careful attention to pruning and training young trees will ultimately determine their productivity and longevity. Good pruning and training ... R.L. last Stebbins title Training & Pruning Your Home Orchard OSU date November 2007 publisher Pacific ... to prune plants properly, it is useful to have some underlying knowledge of how pruning works, and how ... this natural response to damage known as the principle of apical dominance by processes such as pruning ... of many fruiting trees and bushes. The main aim when pruning fruit trees is usually to obtain ... light crops of large, flavourless fruit that does not store well. Pruning is therefore carried out to achieve a balance between shoot growth and fruit production. Formative pruning of bush trees During ... and capable of bearing the weight of crops borne. In order to reinforce the tree, formative pruning should be carried out. Formative pruning of apple Malus pumila and pear Pyrus communis trees should .... Four year The tree will have begun to fruit and only limited formative pruning is now required. Shorten ... in the following section. Pruning the cropping tree Image Spurpruning.png left 300px thumb Spur pruning Before pruning it is important to distinguish between spur bearing varieties, tip bearing varieties ... three types of pruning that are applied once the main shape of the tree has been established ... more details
Image Willow1.jpg thumb 300px A willow Salix viminalis ready to be shred. Unreferenced date June 2008 Shredding is a method of tree pruning by which all side branches are removed on a systematic basis. In some countries this can be used for animal fodder. Other woodland management techniques include pollarding and coppicing . See also Woodland management Category Forestry Category Horticulture and gardening Category Trees Forestry stub da Besk ring af planter es Poda fr mondage he it Potatura nl Snoeien pt Poda ... more details
In computer science , grafting is a method used to manipulate trees. One such tree is an Tree graph theory ordered tree , which is where the subtrees for any node are ordered. Let root T sub 1 sub , ..., root T sub n sub be the children of root T and root T sub i sub be the i th child. A suitable representation of ordered trees is to make them a rooted binary tree , where each node is stored in the same amount of memory. ref http acm.pku.edu.cn JudgeOnline problem?id 3437 Peking University ref The conversion to a rooted binary tree root T is 1. For each child of root T , remove all the edges from the child to the parent. 2. For each node a. Add an edge to the first child if one exists as the left child. b. Add an edge to the next sibling if one exists as the right child. Grafting can identify regions where there are no occupancies and correct the poor class assignments to increase accuracy. The extension to graft multiple branches at each leaf reduces the number of errors. ref http www.answers.com topic grafting computer Grafting computer ref See also Grafting decision trees Grafting and pruning decision trees pruning for decision tree s Left child right sibling binary tree References References DEFAULTSORT Grafting Algorithm Category Trees graph theory Category Graph algorithms ... more details
intelligence . Examples of algorithms for this class are the minimax algorithm , alpha beta pruning , and the A algorithm . For sub structures of a given structure The name combinatorial search is generally ...In computer science , a search algorithm is an algorithm for finding an item with specified properties among a Collection computing collection of items. The items may be stored individually as record computer science records in a database or may be elements of a search space defined by a mathematical formula or procedure, such as the root of a function roots of an Diophantine equation equation with integer variable mathematics variables or a combination of the two, such as the Hamiltonian circuit s of a graph theory graph . Classes of search algorithms For virtual search spaces Algorithms for searching virtual spaces are used in constraint satisfaction problem , where the goal is to find a set ... in specific ways. This class also includes various tree search algorithm s, that view the elements ... first search , as well as various heuristic based search tree pruning methods such as backtracking ... studied subclass are the graph algorithm s, in particular graph traversal algorithms, for finding ... s algorithm , Kruskal s algorithm , the nearest neighbour algorithm , and Prim s algorithm . Another important subclass of this category are the string searching algorithm s, that search for patterns within strings. Two famous examples are the Boyer Moore string search algorithm Boyer Moore and Knuth Morris Pratt algorithm s, and several algorithms based on the suffix tree data structure. Search ... s algorithm , that are theoretically faster than linear or brute force search even without the help ... algorithm s necessary for executing certain search algorithms Selection algorithm No free lunch in search and optimization Search engine computing Linear search problem String searching algorithm References Donald Knuth . The Art of Computer Programming . Volume 3 Sorting algorithm Sorting and Searching ... more details
multiple issues orphan May 2010 unreferenced May 2007 GSP Algorithm Generalized Sequential Pattern algorithm is an algorithm used for sequence mining . The algorithms for solving sequence mining problems are mostly based on the apriori algorithm a priori level wise algorithm. One way to use the level wise paradigm is to first discover all the frequent items in a level wise fashion. It simply means counting the occurrences of all singleton elements in the database. Then, the transaction database transactions are filtered by removing the non frequent items. At the end of this step, each transaction consists of only the frequent elements it originally contained. This modified database becomes an input to the GSP algorithm. This process requires one pass over the whole database . GSP Algorithm makes multiple database passes. In the first pass, all single items 1 sequences are counted. From the frequent items, a set of candidate 2 sequences are formed, and another pass is made to identify their frequency. The frequent 2 sequences are used to generate the candidate 3 sequences, and this process is repeated until no more frequent sequences are found. There are two main steps in the algorithm. Candidate Generation. Given the set of frequent k 1 frequent sequences F k 1 , the candidates for the next pass are generated by joining F k 1 with itself. A pruning phase eliminates any sequence, at least one of whose subsequences is not frequent. Support Counting. Normally, a hash tree &ndash .... Algorithm code F1 the set of frequent 1 sequence k 2, do while F k 1 Null Generate candidate ... Set of all frequent sequences is the union of all Fks End do End do code The above algorithm looks like the Apriori algorithm . One main difference is however the generation of candidate sets. Let us ... algorithm discovers frequent sequences, allowing for time constraints such as maximum gap and minimum ... 256 DEFAULTSORT Gsp Algorithm Category Data mining Category Articles with example pseudocode ... more details
No footnotes date July 2008 C4.5 is an algorithm used to generate a decision tree learning decision tree developed by Ross Quinlan ref Quinlan, J. R. C4.5 Programs for Machine Learning. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 1993. ref . C4.5 is an extension of Quinlan s earlier ID3 algorithm . The decision trees generated by C4.5 can be used for classification, and for this reason, C4.5 is often referred to as a Statistical classification statistical classifier . Algorithm C4.5 builds decision trees from a set of training data in the same way as ID3 algorithm ID3 , using the concept of Entropy information theory information entropy . The training data is a set math S s 1, s 2, ... math of already classified samples. Each sample math s i x 1, x 2, ... math is a vector where math x 1, x 2, ... math represent attributes or features of the sample. The training data is augmented with a vector math C c 1, c 2, ... math where math c 1, c 2, ... math represent the class to which each sample belongs. At each ... with the highest normalized information gain is chosen to make the decision. The C4.5 algorithm then recurses on the smaller sublists. This algorithm has a few base cases. All the samples in the list ... value. Pseudocode In pseudocode , the general algorithm for building decision trees is ref S.B. ... implementation of the C4.5 algorithm in the Weka machine learning weka data mining tool. Improvements from ID3 algorithm C4.5 made a number of improvements to ID3. Some of these are Handling both ... not used in gain and entropy calculations. Handling attributes with differing costs. Pruning ... that do not help by replacing them with leaf nodes. Improvements in C5.0 See5 algorithm POV .... Winnowing a C5.0 option automatically Winnow algorithm winnow s the attributes to remove those that may ... also ID3 algorithm References references External links Original implementation on Ross Quinlan s homepage ... info.html See5 and C5.0 DEFAULTSORT C4.5 Algorithm Category Classification algorithms Category Decision ... more details
Sequential algorithm can refer to, in general, any algorithm executed sequentially, but, specifically, one for decoding a convolutional code ref cite web url http www.encyclopedia.com doc 1O11 sequentialalgorithm.html title A Dictionary of Computing at Encyclopedia.com ref . References reflist Category Algorithms algorithm stub kk ... more details
In computer science, a stable sorting algorithm preserves the order of records with equal keys. In numerical analysis, a numerically stable algorithm avoids magnifying small errors. See also Stable disambiguation Stability disambiguation disambig ... more details
Algorithm design is a specific method to create a mathematical process in solving problems. Applied algorithm design is algorithm engineering . Algorithm design is identified and incorporated into many solution theories of operation research , such as dynamic programming and Divide and conquer algorithm divide and conquer . Techniques for designing and implementing algorithm designs are algorithm design patterns, ref citation url http ww3.algorithmdesign.net ch00 front.html title Algorithm Design Foundations, Analysis, and Internet Examples last1 Goodrich first1 Michael T. author1 link Michael T. Goodrich last2 Tamassia first2 Roberto author2 link Roberto Tamassia publisher John Wiley & Sons, Inc. year 2002 isbn 0 471 38365 1 ref such as template method patterns and decorator patterns, and uses of data structures, and name and sort lists. Some current day uses of algorithm design can be found in internet retrieval processes of web crawling, packet routing and caching. Mainframe programming languages such as ALGOL for Algo rithmic l anguage , FORTRAN , COBOL , PL I, SAIL programming language SAIL , and SNOBOL are computing tools to implement an algorithm design ... but, an algorithm design a d is not a language. An a d can be a hand written process, e.g. set of equations, a series of mechanical processes done by hand, an analog piece of equipment, or a digital process and or processor. One of the most important aspects of algorithm design is creating an algorithm that has an efficient run time, also known as its big Oh . Famous algorithms Dijkstra s algorithm Kruskal s algorithm Quicksort Merge sort Depth first search Breadth first search Insertion sort Notes reflist Further reading http www.csc.liv.ac.uk ped teachadmin algor algor.html Algorithm Design Paradigms Overview by Paul Dunne at the University of Liverpool http www.cs.sunysb.edu algorith Stony Brook Algorithm ... Algorithm Design Category Algorithms Category Operations research Mathanalysis stub fa ... more details
Consensus algorithm may refer to one of several proposed protocols for solving the Consensus computer science consensus problem in the field of Computer Science. Some of these include Paxos computer science Chandra Toueg consensus algorithm disambig ... more details
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