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Encyclopedia results for Proton pump inhibitor

Proton pump inhibitor





Encyclopedia results for Proton pump inhibitor

  1. Proton-pump inhibitor

    Image Omeprazole.png thumb 250px The proton pump inhibitor Omeprazole. Proton pump inhibitors PPIs are a group ... ref ref cite journal author Deshpande A title Association between Proton Pump Inhibitor therapy ... discontinuation of a proton pump inhibitor A double blind placebo controlled trial. Am J Gastroenterol ... FDA notified healthcare professionals and the public that prescription proton pump inhibitor drugs ..., longer than one year . ref http www.drugs.com fda proton pump inhibitor ppis safety communication ... Groups Proton Pump Inhibitors DEFAULTSORT Proton Pump Inhibitor Category Proton pump inhibitors Category ... of proton pump inhibitors journal Ailment. Pharmacol. Ther. volume 23 issue 2 pages 2 8 year ... . The effectiveness of proton pump inhibitors has not been demonstrated in every case, despite their widespread use for these conditions. For example, proton pump inhibitors do not change the length ... CS, Gearty JC title Continuous treatment of Barrett s esophagus patients with proton pump inhibitors ... name fda Adverse effects In general, proton pump inhibitors are well tolerated, and the incidence ... adverse effect s are similar for all of the proton pump inhibitors, though they have been reported ... Simpson, I. J. 2006 . Proton pump inhibitors and acute interstitial nephritis Report and analysis ..., it has been suggested that patients at higher risk of pneumonia should be prescribed proton pump inhibitors ... of proton pump inhibitors has been less studied. But, in a study of 135,000 people 50 or older, those ... pump inhibitor therapy and risk of hip fracture journal Journal of the American Medical Association ... 20563562 de Vries F et al. Proton pump inhibitors, fracture risk and selection bias three studies ... study has also suggested that proton pump inhibitors significantly decreased the effect of clopidogrel ... have been reported to be proarrhythmic. ref cite journal last Marcus first GM title Proton Pump Inhibitors ... proton pump of the gastric parietal cells . The proton pump is the terminal stage in gastric acid ...   more details



  1. Proton pump

    mitochondrion chloroplast electron transfer chain proton pump inhibitor uncoupling protein protonophore 2,4 Dinitrophenol ATP synthase V ATPase proton ATPase References reflist External links http www.1lec.com Biochemistry Proton 20Pump index.html Proton Pump Animation MeshName Proton Pumps Ion pumps Proton pumps DEFAULTSORT Proton Pump Category Transport proteins ar ca Canal ...About proton pumps in general the proton pump enzyme in plants proton ATPase the proton pump enzyme in the mammalian stomach Hydrogen potassium ATPase A proton pump is an integral membrane protein that is capable of moving proton s across a cell membrane , mitochondrion , or other organelle . Mechanisms are based on Protein conformation conformational changes of the protein structure or on the Q cycle . Function In cell respiration , the pump actively transports protons from the matrix biology matrix of the mitochondrion into the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes. This action creates a gradient concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, as there are more protons outside the matrix than in. This difference in pH and electric charge ignoring differences in Buffering agent buffer capacity establishes an electrochemical potential that acts as a kind of battery or reservoir of stored energy for the cell, ref Campbell, N.A., 2008. Resource Acquisition ... to remember that the proton pump does not create energy, but instead creates a gradient that stores ... of protons a ion channel proton channel temporarily opens in the inner membrane. The gastric hydrogen potassium ATPase or H sup sup K sup sup ATPase is the proton pump of the stomach , which ... the matrix may have a secondary role as proton pumps because they can deliver protons to the inner ... provided by reduced cytochrome c . In the plasma membrane proton ATPase and in the transmembrane ATPase ATPase proton pumps of other cellular membranes, ATP itself powers this transport. The F sub o ...   more details



  1. Discovery and development of proton pump inhibitors

    . As a result of such optimization the first proton pump inhibiting drug was released on the market, omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor PPI . ref name Lindberg Lindberg, P. a. C., E., Ed. 2006 . Esomeprazole in the Framework of Proton Pump Inhibitor Development In Analogue based Drug Discovery, Wiley ... that control acid secretion in the stomach, a proton pump inhibitor PPI . ref name Fellenius ... Sachs 2007 Bensimidazoles Image PPI Omeprazole.svg thumb 310px Figure 3 The proton pump inhibitor ... as well as chewable tablets. Image PPI Pantoprazole.svg thumb 310px Figure 5 The proton pump inhibitor ... use. Image PPI Rabeprazole.svg thumb 310px Figure 6 The proton pump inhibitor Rabeprazole ... Figure 7 The proton pump inhibitor Tenatoprazole. Tenatoprazole Tenatoprazole TU 199 , an imidazopyridine proton pump inhibitor, is a novel compound that has been designed as a new chemical entity with a substantially ..., P. 1990 . Omeprazole, the first proton pump inhibitor. Med. Res. Rev. 10 1 54. ref All PPIs react ... reflux disease Hydrogen potassium ATPase Proton pump inhibitor Discovery and development of Bcr ...Proton pump inhibitors PPIs block the gastric Hydrogen potassium ATPase H sup sup ,K sup sup ATPase and inhibit ... emerged by the end of the 1970s that the newly discovered proton pump H sup sup ,K sup sup ATPase ... activity. ref name Senn Senn Bilfinger, J. a. S., S, Ed. 2006 . The Development of a New Proton Pump ... proton pump to obtain higher pKa values of the pyridine , thereby facilitating accumulation ... group. Proton pump inhibitors are prodrugs and their actual inhibitory form is somewhat controversial ... H sup sup ,K sup sup ATPase which is a ATP driven proton pump. Hydrolysis of one ATP molecule is used ... Structure The proton pump, H sup sup ,K sup sup ATPase is a , heterodimeric enzyme. The catalytic ... Shin, J. M. and G. Sachs 2008 . Pharmacology of proton pump inhibitors. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 10 ... Pump Inhibitor Development Analogue based Drug Discovery. J. a. G. Fischer, C.R., Wiley VCH. ref ...   more details



  1. Proton

    acceptor. Likewise, biochemistry biochemical terms such as proton pump and proton channel refer to the movement ...Other uses about the proton as a subatomic particle the aqueous form of the hydrogen ion often encountered in biochemistry Hydronium Infobox Particle bgcolour classification Baryon name Proton image Image Quark structure proton.svg 250px caption The quark structure of the proton. The color assignment ... Proton , SubatomicParticle Proton , SubatomicParticle Nucleon mass val 1.672621777 74 e 27 ul kg ... bibcode 1995PhT....48j...9S ref The proton is a subatomic particle subatomic particle with the symbol SubatomicParticle Proton or SubatomicParticle Proton and a positive electric charge of 1 elementary ... physics, the proton is a hadron , composed of quark s. Prior to that model becoming a consensus in the physics community, the proton was considered a fundamental particle . A proton is composed of two ... page 19 publisher Cambridge University Press isbn ref The free proton is stable and is found naturally ... 90 of cosmic ray s, which propagate in vacuum for interstellar distances. Free protons are proton emission ... proton is not changed, and it remains a proton. The attraction of low energy protons to electrons ... to combine. In vacuum, a sufficiently slow proton may pick up a free electron, becoming a neutral ... s and one down quark of the proton are held together by the strong interaction strong force , mediated by gluon s. ref name Cottingham The proton has an approximately exponentially decaying positive ... atom with the chemical symbol H is a lone proton. The nuclei of the heavy hydrogen isotopes deuterium and tritium contain one proton bound to one and two neutrons, respectively. All other types of atoms are composed of two or more protons and various numbers of neutrons. Stability Main Proton decay The spontaneous decay of free protons has never been observed, and the proton is therefore ... physics predict that proton decay should take place with lifetimes of the order of val e 36 u years ...   more details



  1. PROTON

    Distinguish Proton notability date September 2011 primary sources date September 2011 The PROTON Ontology PROTo ONtology is a basic upper level ontology that contains about 300 classes and 100 properties, providing coverage of the general concepts necessary for a wide range of tasks, including semantic annotation, indexing, and retrieval of documents. ref Cite journal first Ivan last Terziev author authorlink coauthors Atanas Kiryakov, Dimitar Manov title D1.8.1 Base upper level ontology PROTON Guidance version publisher date Dec 7, 2005 url http proton.semanticweb.org D1 8 1.pdf accessdate 2010 09 29 ref Its design principles can be summarized as domain independence light weight logical definitions alignment with popular standards, and good coverage of named entities and concrete domains i.e., people, organizations, locations, numbers, dates, addresses . It was originally developed under the auspices of the SEKT project, and first released in 2005. It is presently maintained by Ontotext . See also Cyc UMBEL Upper ontology 28information science 29 Upper Ontologies Notes Reflist External links Semantic Web Category Knowledge representation Category Ontology information science Category Semantic Web ...   more details



  1. Inhibitor

    wiktionarypar inhibition inhibitor Something that restrains, blocks, or suppresses. Inhibitor or inhibition may refer to Corrosion inhibitor , a substance that decreases the rate of metal oxidation Enzyme inhibitor , a substance that binds to an enzyme and decreases the enzyme s activity Reuptake inhibitor , a substance that increases neurotransmission by blocking the reuptake of a neurotransmitter Inhibition of return , a feature of attention Inhibition Theory , a theory pertaining to the performance of a mental task Inhibitors Revelation Space , machines in Alastair Reynolds s Revelation Space novels Lateral inhibition , a mechanism by which neurons are able to determine the origin of a stimulus Memory inhibition , processes that suppress or interfere with specific memories Reaction inhibitor , a substance that prevents or decreases the rate of a chemical reaction Sexual inhibition , reservations relating to sexual practices Social inhibition , a conditioned fear reaction to social marginalization or isolation Inhibitions song Inhibitions , a 2008 single by Swedish band Alcazar Inhibitory postsynaptic potential , a synaptic potential that decreases the firing of a neuron See also Preservative , a substance that inhibits spoilage Embalming , the preservation of human remains Food preservation , the inhibition of microbial growth in food Nuclear poison , an inhibitor of nuclear reactions Disambig bs Inhibitor vor de Inhibition fr Inhibiteur it Inibizione nl Inhibitor tr Engelleyici ...   more details



  1. Pump

    discussions Wikipedia Village pump Mergefrom Pump testing date March 2009 Image Jet pump.jpg thumb right A small, electrically powered pump Image Wasserwerk pumpe01.jpg thumb right A large, electrically driven pump electropump for Water supply network waterworks near the Hengsteysee , Germany . A pump is a device used to move fluids, such as liquid s, gas es or Slurry slurries . A pump displaces ... , and gravity pumps. ref http www.fao.org docrep 010 ah810e AH810E05.htm 5.3.1 Pump classifications .... Types Positive displacement pump Image Drehkolbenpumpe.jpg thumb 100px right A lobe pump Image Common Lobe Pump.png thumb 100px right lobe pump internals Image Two moving spirals scroll pump.gif thumb 100px Mechanism of a scroll pump A positive displacement pump causes a fluid to move trapping a fixed ... side. Liquid flows into the pump as the cavity on the suction side expands and the liquid .... Positive displacement pump behavior and safety Positive displacement pumps, unlike centrifugal .... A positive displacement pump must not be operated against a closed valve on the discharge side of the pump, because it has no shut off head like centrifugal pumps. A positive displacement pump operating against a closed discharge valve will continue to produce flow and the pressure in the discharge line will increase, until the line bursts or the pump is severely damaged, or both. A relief or safety valve on the discharge side of the positive displacement pump is therefore necessary. The relief valve can be internal or external. The pump manufacturer normally has the option to supply ... thumb 100px Screw pump A positive displacement pump can be further classified according to the mechanism ..., rotary vane pump flexible vane or sliding vane , circumferential piston, helical twisted roots e.g. the Wendelkolben pump or liquid ring vacuum pump s. Reciprocating type positive displacement piston or diaphragm pump s. Linear type positive displacement Rope pump s and chain pumps. Rotary positive ...   more details



  1. Pump It

    Infobox single See Wikipedia WikiProject Songs Name Pump It Cover Pump It.jpg Artist The Black Eyed Peas ... Fergie , Nicholas Roubanis Producer will.i.am Last single My Humps br 2005 This single Pump It br ... Audio sample Audio file PumpItSample.ogg Pump It is a song by The Black Eyed Peas that heavily incorporates ... on Pump It. This was released as the fourth single music single from The Black Eyed Peas s 2005 ... was remixed for the deluxe edition of the group s fifth studio album The E.N.D. as Pump It Harder ... on the plane. Then I recorded vocals in this park in Tokyo, and that s how we recorded the song Pump ... video for Pump It features The Black Eyed Peas in an indoor arena with a group of other people ... hit single there. Pump It peaked at 3 on the UK singles chart , matching the chart success of previous single My Humps . Official versions Pump It 3 35 Charts class wikitable sortable style text align ... Eyed Peas song Pump It singlechart Austria 14 artist The Black Eyed Peas song Pump It singlechart Flanders 1 artist The Black Eyed Peas song Pump It singlechart Wallonia 11 artist The Black Eyed Peas song Pump It singlechart Canada 47 artist Black Eyed Peas artistid 272581 singlechart Czech Republic 2 year 2006 week 26 singlechart Denmark Airplay 20 artist The Black Eyed Peas song Pump It year ... Eyed Peas song Pump It singlechart France 13 artist The Black Eyed Peas song Pump It singlechart ... Eyed Peas song Pump It singlechart Dutch100 17 artist The Black Eyed Peas song Pump It singlechart New Zealand 2 artist The Black Eyed Peas song Pump It singlechart Sweden 34 artist The Black Eyed Peas song Pump It singlechart Switzerland 8 artist The Black Eyed Peas song Pump It singlechart UKchartstats 3 artist Black Eyed Peas song Pump It songid 1059 singlechart Billboardhot100 18 artist Black Eyed Peas song Pump It artistid 272581 singlechart Billboardpopsongs 11 artist Black Eyed Peas song Pump It artistid 272581 Sales class wikitable Country Sales United Kingdom 148,500 Popular culture ...   more details



  1. Pump-Pump

    Infobox ESC entry See Wikipedia WikiProject Eurovision Song Contest song Flagicon Finland Pump Pump image caption year 1976 country Finland artist Fredi & Yst v t as Fredi & Friends genre language Finnish languages composer Matti Kalevi Siitonen lyricist Vexi Salmi conductor Ossi Runne place 11th points 44 place semi points semi prev Old Man Fiddle prev year 1975 prev link Old Man Fiddle next Lapponia next year 1977 next link Lapponia song For Snoop Doggy Dogg s song named Pump Pump , see Doggystyle here Pump Pump was the Finland Finnish entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1976 , performed in English Language English by Fredi singer Fredi & Yst v t Fredi & Friends . This was Fredi s second Eurovision entry, he had made his debut in Vienna, Austria in Eurovision Song Contest 1967 1967 with Varjoon suojaan , placing 12th in a field of 17. The song was performed eleventh on the night following Greece s Mariza Koch with Panayia Mou, Panayia Mou and preceding Spain s Braulio singer Braulio with Sobran las palabras . At the close of voting, it had received 44 points, placing 11th in a field of 18. The original Finnish language version of the song was called Pump Pump and the title was simply kept for the English translation. Fredi however also recorded the song in German, and it was then retitled Bump bump Schon wieder macht mein Herz... . It was succeeded as Finland in the Eurovision Song Contest Finnish representative at the Eurovision Song Contest 1977 1977 Contest by Monica Aspelund with Lapponia song Lapponia . References http www.eurovision.tv page history by year contest?event 293 Official Eurovision Song Contest site, history by year http www.diggiloo.net ?1976fi Lyrics, from Diggiloo Thrush Category Eurovision songs of Finland Category Eurovision songs of 1976 Finland stub pt Pump Pump fi Pump pump ...   more details



  1. Proton (disambiguation)

    wiktionary proton A proton is a subatomic particle. Proton may also refer to TOC right In chemistry The following ions may be losely referred as proton Hydron chemistry   chem H Hydronium hydroxonium  chem H 3 O especially in biochemistry In technology Proton rocket , Russian unmanned space vehicle design Proton bank card , used for payments of small amounts Proton satellite , Soviet satellite Protei 5 Russian diver rider called a Proton , Russian diver propulsion vehicle Proton, a make of rebreather breathing set made by Siebe Gorman In business Proton carmaker , a Malaysian car producer Proton FC , a team in the Malaysian Premier League sponsored by the carmaker Proton Bank , an investment bank in Greece Proton Radio , an internet electronic music station Other uses Proton, a geologic province of a craton that is between 1.6 and 2.5 billion years old, which developed in the Proterozoic Eon USS Proton AG 147 , a US Navy tank landing ship disambig af Proton dubbelsinnig az Proton d qiql dirm bs Proton vor cs Proton rozcestn k de Proton Begriffskl rung es Prot n desambiguaci n fr Proton homonymie hr Proton razdvojba it Proton nl Proton ja nds Proton Mehrd dig Begreep pl Proton ujednoznacznienie pt Proton desambigua o ro Proton dezambiguizare ru sk Proton sr sv Proton olika betydelser tr Proton anlam ayr m vi Proton nh h ng ...   more details



  1. Proton P3-21A

    Infobox automobile name Proton P3 21A image manufacturer Proton carmaker Proton predecessor Proton Persona class Compact car Proton P3 21A known internally as Proton Persona R , which R stands for replacement is a codename of the upcoming global compact car compact successor of the Proton Persona developed by Malaysian automaker Proton carmaker Proton . It is reported to be based on a shrinked version of the Proton Exora platform. It will begin production in late 2011 and early 2012 at the Tanjung Malim plant. Proton Tuah A compact sedan called the Proton Tuah is exhibited at the 2010 Kuala Lumpur International Motor Show . Its exterior design was designed by Italdesign Giugiaro . References reflist Category Upcoming automobiles Category Proton vehicles ms Proton P3 21A ...   more details



  1. Proton?proton chain reaction

    Refimprove date September 2009 Image FusionintheSun.svg thumb 250px The proton proton chain reaction dominates in stars the size of the Sun or smaller. The proton proton chain reaction is one of several ... being the CNO cycle . The proton proton chain dominates in stars the size of the Sun or smaller. In general, proton proton fusion can occur only if the temperature i.e. kinetic energy of the protons ... , 1 42,59, 1971 , The Proton type nuclear fission reaction ref In the Sun, deuterium producing ... quickly, the Sun would have exhausted its hydrogen long ago. History of the proton proton chain reaction The theory that proton proton reactions were the basic principle by which the Sun and other stars ... prediction. Even so, it was unclear how proton proton fusion might proceed, because the most obvious ... . The proton proton chain reaction The first step involves the fusion of two hydrogen nuclei SimpleNuclide Link Hydrogen proton s into deuterium , releasing a positron and a neutrino as one proton changes ... much SimpleNuclide Helium 4 . Citation needed date March 2008 The pp II branch File Proton Proton II chain reaction.svg thumb Proton proton II chain reaction See also lithium burning Autogenerated using ..., respectively . The pp III branch File Proton Proton III chain reaction.png thumb Proton proton III ... 3 reacts directly with a proton to give helium 4, with an even higher possible neutrino energy ... in the Cosmos , The University of Chicago Press, 1988, p. 354. ref The pep reaction Image Proton proton cycle.png thumb 300px Proton proton and electron capture chain reactions in a star. Deuterium can also be produced by the rare pep proton electron proton reaction electron capture Autogenerated ... as an anti electron. This is represented in the figure of proton proton and electron capture ... Commons category Proton proton chain reaction references Nuclear processes DEFAULTSORT Proton Proton Chain Reaction Category Nuclear fusion ar ca Cadena prot prot ...   more details



  1. Proton ATPase

    class is ATP phosphohydrolase H exporting . H sup sup exporting ATPase is also known as proton ATPase or more simply proton pump . Other names in common use include proton translocating ATPase ... . Function and location The H sup sup ATPase or proton pump creates the electrochemical gradients in the plasma membrane of plants , fungi , protists , and many prokaryotes . Here, proton gradients ...,M.G., and Nissen,P. title Crystal structure of the plasma membrane proton pump journal Nature ... Arabidopsis plants with reduced plasma membrane proton pump activity journal Journal of Biological ... activity of the cytoplasmic enzymes . This is controlled by the proton pump. Acid growth . Acidification ... cellular expansion. It is believed that the plant hormone auxin activates the proton pump. The apoplast ... Proton ATPase, E1 ATP state Pfam PF00122 InterPro IPR000695 SMART PROSITE PDOC00139 SCOP TCDB 3.A.3.3 OPM family OPM protein 3b8c PDB Plant proton ATPase PDB3 3b8c This article is about the H sup ... , the proton ATPase EC number 3.6.3.6 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the following chemical ... and sodium potassium pump Na sup sup K sup sup ATPases are specific for animal cells. These two ... Image Proton ATPase cartoon overview.png thumb 300 right Proton ATPase AHA2 3b8c Structural information on P type proton ATPases are scarce compared to that obtained for SERCA1a . A low resolution ... SR Ca sup 2 sup ATPase and the sodium potassium pump Na sup sup ,K sup sup ATPase . The overall arrangement ..., which negatively regulates the activity of the pump and keeps the enzyme in a low activity ... the necessary precise control of pump activity ref name ekberg2010jbc cite journal last Ekberg ... cell expands in one direction only. The direction of growth is controlled by an asymmetrical proton ... CW year 1981 title The proton translocating ATPase of the fungal plasma membrane journal Biochim ... 90247 2 ATPase DEFAULTSORT Proton Atpase Category EC 3.6.3 Category Enzymes of known structure Category ...   more details



  1. Proton Tiara

    Unreferenced date December 2009 Infobox Automobile boxcolor red image Image Proton Tiara front , Sungai Besi.jpg 250px A Proton Tiara. name Proton Tiara manufacturer Proton car Proton production 1996&ndash 2000 class Car classification Supermini.2FSub compact Supermini platform layout FF layout body style 5 door hatchback engine 1.1  L Citro n Straight 4 I4 competitor Daihatsu Charade successor Proton Savvy related Citro n AX The Proton Tiara was a Malaysia n automobile based on the Citro n AX , built under licence by the Automobile industry automobile manufacturer Proton car Proton between 1996 and 2000. History The genesis of the Tiara was the result of an agreement during the mid 1990s between Proton s then Chief executive officer CEO , Yahaya Ahmad Tan Sri Yahaya Ahmad , and PSA Peugeot Citro n , a producer of Citro n and Peugeot vehicles. Yahaya had expressed wishes that Proton not use Mitsubishi Motors Mitsubishi platforms, and that Proton cooperate with PSA Peugeot Citro n for access to its diesel engines. Yahaya Ahmad was killed in a helicopter crash in 1997, and Proton returned ... of the Tiara ceased in 2000 due to low sales volume in 2005, the Proton Savvy was launched as a successor to the Proton Tiara or Citroen AX. Design and market The Tiara was known as the cheapest ... Citro n AX s, such as the AX GT, but the grille was restyled to match the existing Proton Saga Saga and Proton Wira Wira models. Other cosmetic differences included different bumpers and taillight clusters. It was only available with a 1.1 litre Convert 45 kW hp 0 abbr on engine. The Proton Tiara was sold only in the Malaysian market, due to similarities with the Citro n AX . Proton vehicles Category Proton vehicles Tiara Category 1990s automobiles Category 2000s automobiles Category Vehicles introduced in 1996 de Proton Tiara fr Proton Tiara ms Proton Tiara nl Proton Tiara ja pl Proton Tiara pt Proton Tiara sco Proton Tiara fi Proton Tiara tr Proton Tiara ...   more details



  1. Proton emission

    Proton emission also known as proton radioactivity is a type of radioactive decay in which a proton is ejected from a atomic nucleus nucleus . Image Zerfallsschema.png left thumb 300px The decay of a proton rich nucleus A populates excited states of a daughter nucleus B by emission or electron capture EC . Those excited states that lie below the separation energy for protons Sp decay by emission towards the groundstate of daughter B. For the higher excited states a competitive decay channel of proton emission to the granddaughter C exists, called delayed proton emission. Proton emission can occur from high lying excited states in a nucleus following a beta decay , in which case the process is known as beta delayed proton emission, or can occur from the ground state or a low lying nuclear isomer isomer of very proton rich nuclei, in which case the process is very similar to alpha decay . For a proton to escape a nucleus, the proton separation energy must be negative the proton is therefore unbound, and Quantum tunneling tunnels out of the nucleus in a finite time. Proton emission is not seen in naturally occurring isotopes proton emitters can be produced via nuclear reaction s, usually utilising some kind of particle accelerator . Although prompt i.e. not beta delayed proton emission was observed from an isomer in Cobalt Isotopes Cobalt 53 as early as 1969, no other proton emitting states were found until 1981, when the proton radioactive ground states of Lutetium Isotopes ... flourished after this breakthrough, and to date more than 25 isotopes have been found to exhibit proton emission. The study of proton emission has aided the understanding of nuclear deformation, masses ... proton decay. See also Proton drip line Diproton a particle possibly involved in double proton decay ... and Decay Data IAEA with query on Proton Separation Energy Nuclear processes DEFAULTSORT Proton ... mission de proton ko ja pl Emisja protonu pt Emiss o prot nica ru ...   more details



  1. Proton beam

    Unreferenced date September 2010 Proton beams , a type of ion beam s, are the result of proton particle acceleration by means of a cyclotron or a synchrotron and can be used e.g. in Proton Beam Therapy for cancer treatment or for proton beam writing in lithography. See also Electron beam Physics stub Category Lithography Category Particle accelerators Category Plasma physics ...   more details



  1. Proton satellite

    FAIR USE of Protonstation.jpg see image description page at http en.wikipedia.org wiki Image Protonstation.jpg for rationale Image Protonstation.jpg right The Proton was a model of Soviet Union Soviet scientific artificial satellite s. The maximum mass was about 17 metric tonne tonnes . Four Protons were launched between 1965 and 1968. The satellite was developed by NPO Mashinostroyenia . The aim of the project was to study high and ultra high energy Subatomic particle particle s. The latest became Proton 4 NORAD ID 3544, NSSDC ID 1968 103A launched on November 16 , 1968 by Proton K rocket with a booster and was in orbit for 250 days. ref http nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov nmc masterCatalog.do?sc 1968 103A Proton 4 at NASA NSSDC Master Catalog ref The Proton satellites were the source of the name for the Proton rocket , which launched them as some of its first payloads. Photos gallery Image Proton satellite model.jpg Proton satellite model at Tsiolkovsky State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics Tsiolkovsky State Museum , two Photovoltaic module solar panel s dismantled to fit the hall Image Proton satellite model closeup.jpg Proton satellite model closeup gallery References references External links http www.npomash.ru society en about.htm The history of NPO Mashinostroyenia http www.inr.ac.ru muhamed INCA project eng.htm The INCA Project , Ionization Neutron CAlorimeter a modern continuation of Proton experiment project at Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences website Dead link date September 2010 DEFAULTSORT Proton Satellite Category Soviet Earth satellites USSR spacecraft stub bg cs Proton dru ice de Proton Satellit ja ru fi Proton satelliitti uk ...   more details



  1. Proton EMAS

    Infobox Automobile name Proton EMAS image File Proton emas geneva 2.jpg 250px manufacturer Proton carmaker Proton parent company Proton carmaker Proton Holdings Berhad aka production 2010 assembly predecessor successor class body style 3 door and 5 door hatchback layout platform engine transmission wheelbase length 3555 3000 mm width 1699 mm height 1576 mm weight fuel capacity related Lotus Ethos designer Italdesign Giugiaro sp Proton EMAS is a family of concept cars designed by Italdesign Giugiaro and developed by Proton carmaker Proton . The EMAS debuted at the Geneva Motor Show 2010 Geneva Motor Show as a plug in hybrid vehicle. ref cite web url http paultan.org 2010 03 02 proton showcases the emas emas country and emas3 trio of concepts at geneva 2010 title Proton showcases the EMAS, EMAS Country and EMAS3 trio of concepts at Geneva 2010 author Paul Tan date 2010 03 02 publisher Paul Tan s Automotive News accessdate 2011 09 30 ref Its electric powertrain is supplemented by a Range Extender Engine from Lotus Engineering this is a 1.2 liter 3 cylinder single cam 4 valves per cylinder engine that weighs only 56kg dry and is optimized for 2 RPM points 20hp at 1,500rpm and 47hp at 3,500rpm. Peak torque is 107Nm at 2,500rpm. The Proton EMAS will be Malaysia s and Proton carmaker Proton ... for the acronym. Proton s subsidiary Lotus Cars has shown a plug in hybrid city concept car based ... date 2010 12 16 publisher Car magazine accessdate 2011 09 30 ref File Proton emas geneva 1.jpg thumb left Proton EMAS at the Geneva Motor Show 2010 Geneva Motor Show . File Proton EMAS interior.JPG thumb center Proton EMAS interior. See also Proton Inspira Proton Saga Proton Exora References Reflist External links http www.protonconcepts.com Proton Concepts http www.proton.com Proton Holdings Berhad Official Website modern auto stub Proton vehicles Category Proton vehicles EMAS Category 2010 introductions ar EMAS ms Proton Emas ...   more details



  1. Proton (rocket)

    Infobox rocket image Proton Zvezda crop.jpg caption Launch of a Proton rocket name Proton 8K82K function ... 43 first Proton 16 July 1965 br Proton K 10 March 1967 br Proton M 7 April 2001 last Proton 6 July ... stage1name stage1engines Proton K 1 stage1thrust 10.47 Newton unit MN alt stage1thrust 1.9 million ... abbr on ref cite web url http www.friends partners.org partners mwade lvs pro8k82k.htm title Proton ... stage4fuel LOX RP 1 Proton formal designation UR 500 is an expendable launch system used for both commercial and Russia n government space launches. The first Proton rocket was launched ... launch services proton mission planners guide title Proton Mission Planner s Guide publisher ... date September 5, 2005 title Proton Verticalization, Pad 39, Baikonur publisher flickr ref Like many ... Proton originates from a series of large scientific Proton satellite s, which were among ... communications satellite destined for geostationary orbit , a Proton M Breeze M can place ... 7, 2008 url http www.ilslaunch.com newsroom news releases ils proton launch amc 14 satellite title ILS Proton to Launch AMC 14 Satellite publisher ILS ref History Proton ref cite web url http www.ilslaunch.com launch services ils proton breeze m launch vehicle proton heritage title Proton Heritage ... a two man Zond craft around the Moon. With the termination of the Saturn V program, Proton became the largest ... Titan IV in 1989. Between the 1965 first flight and 1970, the Proton experienced dozens of failures ... 335 launches, it has an 88 success rate. Proton launched the unmanned Soviet circumlunar flights ... States flew the Apollo 8 mission. Proton launched the Salyut space stations, the Mir core segment and expansion ... using the 4 stage D 1e version . Proton also launches commercial satellite s, most of them being managed by International Launch Services . The first ILS Proton launch was on 9 April 1996 with the launch ... proton launch archives ref Since 1994, Proton has earned 4.3 billion for the Russian space industry ...   more details



  1. Proton Gen-2

    Infobox Automobile boxcolor red image Image Proton Gen.2 front , Serdang.jpg 250px name Proton Gen 2 ... manufacturer Kia Motors manufacturer Proton car Proton parent company Proton car Proton Holdings ... kg lb 0 abbr on predecessor Proton Wira hatchback related Proton Persona br Chery A3 Chery A3 Hatchback Citation needed date December 2009 The Proton Gen 2 is an automobile manufactured by Malaysia n carmaker Proton company Proton , and was launched in the third quarter of 2004. The Gen 2 was among the first cars to be produced in Proton s Tanjung Malim plant, developed as part of its Proton City development project. The Gen 2 uses a platform which has been extensively developed in house by Proton and their partner Lotus Cars Lotus . Initially codenamed the Proton Wira Replacement Model , it was hinted that the car was to replace the Proton Wira . The name Gen 2 is an abbreviation of Generation ... 2 s platform is also used by the Proton Satria Neo with a shortened wheelbase and the Proton Persona ... console. Performance Proton owns Lotus Cars which was involved in the development of the car. The Gen 2 is the first Proton model to use the new Proton Lotus developed Campro engine . Although the Gen ... improve the cars driveability. This undesirable torque dip was eventually corrected by Proton ... Vios and the Mazda Atenza Mazda 6 , the discount is even greater, at about 30 percent. Proton s price ... . Changes and facelifts In 2005, a lower spec version of Proton Gen 2 powered by a 1.3 Litre non CPS ... seller. In December 2007, a new facelifted Proton Gen 2 was unveiled in Thailand in conjunction with the carmaker s entry into the Thai market. It also marked the first production Proton ... engine with IAFM, Proton s version of variable air intake management, while the High Line version .... Variants Special Edition Infobox Automobile name Proton Gen 2 Special Edition manufacturer Proton car Proton Sometime after the launch of the standard Gen 2, comes the special edition. It is fitted ...   more details



  1. Proton Wira

    Infobox automobile image File 1995 1996 Proton Wira XLi sedan 02.jpg 250px Proton Wira name Proton Wira manufacturer Proton carmaker Proton production 1993 2007 class Compact car Compact platform layout ... 980 kg lb 0 abbr on convert 1011 kg lb 0 abbr on predecessor Proton Saga successor Proton Waja saloon br Proton Gen 2 hatchback br Proton Persona saloon related Proton Jumbuck br Mitsubishi Lancer br ... Proton Persona br Proton 400 series The Proton Wira was a automobile car manufactured by Malaysia n carmaker Proton carmaker Proton , released as a four door saloon and four door hatchback beginning 1993. The Wira was intended as a newer alternative to the Proton Saga Saga Iswara 1992 current Proton Saga Iswara , a facelifted version of Proton s first model, the Proton Saga , as a flagship Compact car compact model for Proton. The Saga continued to receive minor updates until 2008, when a second ... planned to be replaced by two similar in house designed Proton cars The Proton Gen 2 launched in 2004 to replace the Aeroback hatchback variant and the Proton Persona launched in 2007 to replace the saloon variant . The Proton Waja , a saloon compact, was also launched in 2001 as an earlier successor to the Wira saloon, but currently caters slightly towards more upmarket demand, below the Proton ... design continues the styling first shown on the Proton Saga Saga Iswara 1992 current Proton Iswara with a fluted bonnet that tapers towards the Proton badge on the grill. In 1994, a 5 door hatchback ... was introduced. Proton was originally in the works of a little known 5 door Station wagon estate variant ... estate Wira prototype outside Proton s assembly plant in Shah Alam. Citation needed date May 2008 ..., for more than a decade, remained mostly the same. In 2004, Proton introduce the Wira Special Edition ... paradox? Several Proton models released following the Wira s debut sported frontal stylings that were derivatives of the Wira s. Among them, the original Proton Satria Satria 3 door hatchback, the Proton ...   more details



  1. Proton City

    Proton City tagged as City of the Future is a new township with industrial, commercial and residential activities spread over 4,000 acres 16 km . It is located about 5 km north of Tanjung Malim , a town in Perak , Malaysia , and houses the state of the art ringgit RM 1.8 billion Proton company Proton car assembly plant. To be fully developed by 2020, Proton City aims to be home to Malaysia s automobile industry. Undertaken by Proton City Development Corp Sdn Bhd, a joint venture between DRB HICOM DRB Hicom Bhd and Proton Bhd, itself a core member of Proton Holdings Bhd, it started in 1996 with an initial investment of RM2.5 billion, beginning with the construction of the Proton plant. The Proton plant has a workforce of more than 2,000 and most of them are expected to live in the area. When Proton City is fully developed, it would have a population of about 240,000. The first settlement in the area 252 units of apartments were formally handed over to the buyers recently. These apartments have common facilities that include car and motorcycle parking bays, children s playground, BBQ area, car wash areas, mosque and a nursery kindergarten on the ground floor of each block and a multipurpose hall. Parcels 19 and 20 when completed in 2007 will have 1,091 apartments, 336 units of single and double storey terrace houses, 86 semi detached houses, 37 bungalows and 36 shop offices. Proton City is also expected to be home to students and staff of the Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris UPSI , which a few years ago was known as Sultan Idris Teachers College, one of the country s oldest teachers training institutions. UPSI, occupying 800 acres 3.2 km within Proton City, is expected to have a student population of 20,000 within four years. The next phase of development at Proton City ... within Proton City. External links http proton city.com v1 main.htm Proton City Perak coord missing Malaysia Category Populated places in Perak ms Bandar raya Proton ...   more details



  1. Proton conductor

    A proton conductor is an electrolyte , typically a solid electrolyte , in which hydron chemistry H sup sup ref Traditionally, but not precisely, H sup sup   ions are referred as proton s . ref are the primary charge carriers. Composition For practical applications, proton conductors are usually solid materials. Typical materials are polymers or ceramic. Typically the pores in practical materials are small such that proton s dominate electrical conduction direct current and transport of bulk solvent is prevented. Ice is a proton conductor, albeit a relatively poor one. ref cite web author A. Crofts date 1996 title Lecture 12 Proton Conduction, Stoichiometry url http www.life.illinois.edu crofts bioph354 lect12.html publisher University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign accessdate 2009 12 06 ref Proton conduction was first suggested by Alfred Rene Jean Paul Ubbelohde 14 December 1907 7 January 1988 and S. E. Rogers. ref cite journal author S. E. Rogers and A. R. Ubbelohde year 1950 title Melting and Crystal Structure III Low melting Acid Sulphates journal Transactions of the Faraday Society volume 46 pages 1051 doi 10.1039 tf9504601051 ref When in the form of thin Proton Exchange Membrane membrane s, proton conductors are an essential part of small, inexpensive proton exchange membrane fuel cell fuel cells . The polymer nafion is a typical proton conductor in fuel cells. High proton conductivity has been reported among alkaline earth cerates and zirconate based perovskite materials such as acceptor doped SrCeO sub 3 sub , BaCeO sub 3 sub and BaZrO sub 3 sub . fact date November 2011 Relatively high proton conductivity has also been found in rare earth ortho niobates and ortho tantalates as well as rare earth tungstates. fact date November 2011 References references physical chemistry stub Category Electrochemistry ca Conductor prot nic it Conduttore protonico ...   more details



  1. Proton Juara

    Infobox Automobile name Proton Juara image Image Proton Juara, Kuala Lumpur.jpg 250px manufacturer Proton company Proton production 2001 2003 predecessor successor class Microvan platform body style 5 door van engine 1.1 L 4A31 straight 4 I4 EFI transmission wheelbase convert 2390 mm in 1 abbr on length convert 3660 mm in 1 abbr on width convert 1535 mm in 1 abbr on height convert 1810 mm in 1 abbr on weight convert 1005 kg lb 0 abbr on aka fuel economy fuel capacity related Mitsubishi Town Box Mitsubishi Town Box Wide similar Perodua Kenari designer The Proton Juara was a microvan produced by Malaysia n Automotive industry carmaker Proton company Proton between 2001 and 2003. The design and production of the Juara marked a notable departure from Proton s traditional preference towards sedan car saloon s and hatchback s, making the Juara the first van to be manufactured by Proton. In its marketing campaign, PROTON decided that the JUARA is essentially a Mini MPV Multi Purpose Vehicle and became the platform in its advertising and promotional campaign. The van s name was derived from the Malay language , meaning champion . It was discontinued in 2003, but six years later, it was succeeded by Proton Exora . Design The Juara was introduced in 2001 as a rival to Perodua s Perodua Kenari ... by Proton to go with the Juara. Throughout its production, the Juara was given a 1.1 litre EFI engine ... function. It is also the only vehicle in the PROTON stable that has EPS Electrical Power Steering ... 1,000 units was resumed in mid 2002. The sales figures remained so disappointing that in 2003, Proton ... tag of the Proton Juara was around RM42,000 to RM52,000. Less than a year later, the price was reduced to RM35,000 but it still failed to attract the consumers in Malaysia. Proton vehicles Category Proton vehicles Juara Category Vehicles introduced in 2001 Category 2000s automobiles modern auto stub Malaysia stub fa it Proton Juara ms Proton Juara ja pl Proton Juara pt Proton ...   more details



  1. Proton Inspira

    Infobox Automobile name Proton Inspira image File Proton inspira truck.jpg 250px Proton Inspira manufacturer Proton carmaker Proton parent company Proton carmaker Proton Holdings Berhad aka model years 2010 present production 2010 present assembly Shah Alam , Selangor , Malaysia predecessor Proton Waja successor class body style 4 vehicle door door sedan automobile saloon sedan layout platform engine ... Sebring br Dodge Avenger br Dodge Caliber br Mitsubishi Lancer designer sp The Proton Inspira , ref ... to as Proton New Sedan , ref cite web title Gambaran awal Waja Replacement aka Lancer Rebadge work funtasticko ... last Tan first Paul url http paultan.org 2010 10 13 proton p3 90a based on mitsubishi lancer preview drive title Proton P3 90A based on Mitsubishi Lancer preview drive publisher Paultan.org date accessdate 2011 01 27 ref is an automobile produced by Proton carmaker Proton as the successor to the Proton ..., Proton s inagural model in September 1985, the Proton Saga , was based largely on the 4th generation, and then current, Mitsubishi Lancer . Collaboration With Mitsubishi Motors Corp Proton group ... cost Proton as much as RM700mil USD230mil to develop a new car from the ground up but only half the amount ... the Proton Inspira to be marketed at a cheaper price. ref cite web title Sales target for car manufacturers ... Trade Centre in Malaysia. This is where local automaker and owner of Lotus, Proton, revealed a host ... MiVEC engine producing 237HP 177kW at 6,000 rpm and 343Nm of peak torque at 3,000 rpm. Proton ... out at 232 km h or 144 mph. See also Proton EMAS References reflist External links http www.protoninspira.com Proton Inspira http www.proton.com Proton Holdings Berhad http www.proton2020.com inspira.asp Inspira at a glance Proton vehicles Category Proton vehicles Inspira Category Sedans Category 2010 introductions Category Upcoming automobiles modern auto stub ar ms Proton Inspira ja pl Proton Inspira ...   more details




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