Protonemission also known as proton radioactivity is a type of radioactive decay in which a proton is ejected from a atomic nucleus nucleus . Image Zerfallsschema.png left thumb 300px The decay of a proton rich nucleus A populates excited states of a daughter nucleus B by emission or electron capture EC . Those excited states that lie below the separation energy for protons Sp decay by emission towards the groundstate of daughter B. For the higher excited states a competitive decay channel of protonemission to the granddaughter C exists, called delayed protonemission. Protonemission can ... is known as beta delayed protonemission, or can occur from the ground state or a low lying nuclear isomer isomer of very proton rich nuclei, in which case the process is very similar to alpha decay . For a proton to escape a nucleus, the proton separation energy must be negative the proton is therefore unbound, and Quantum tunneling tunnels out of the nucleus in a finite time. Protonemission is not seen in naturally occurring isotopes proton emitters can be produced via nuclear reaction s, usually utilising some kind of particle accelerator . Although prompt i.e. not beta delayed protonemission was observed from an isomer in Cobalt Isotopes Cobalt 53 as early as 1969, no other proton emitting states were found until 1981, when the proton radioactive ground states of Lutetium Isotopes ... flourished after this breakthrough, and to date more than 25 isotopes have been found to exhibit protonemission. The study of protonemission has aided the understanding of nuclear deformation, masses ... emission of two protons was observed from the nucleus Iron Isotopes Iron 45 in experiments at Gesellschaft ... proton decay. See also Proton drip line Diproton a particle possibly involved in double proton decay ... and Decay Data IAEA with query on Proton Separation Energy Nuclear processes DEFAULTSORT ProtonEmission Categories Category Nuclear physics Category Radioactivity Interwiki de Protonenemission fr ... more details
wiktionary emission emissions Emission may refer to Flue gas , also Exhaust gas , flue gas occurring as a result of the combustion of a fuel Emission of Air pollution air pollutant s Greenhouse gas Greenhouse gas emissions Emission of greenhouse gases , a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range Emission electromagnetic radiation , the process by which the energy of a photon is released by another entity Emission radiocommunications , the radio signal usually modulated emitted from a radio transmitter Emission coefficient , a coefficient in the power output per unit time of an electromagnetic source Emission factor Emission line , or spectral line , a dark or bright line in an otherwise uniform and continuous spectrum Emission nebula , a cloud of ionized gas emitting light of various colors Emission spectroscopy , photoemission spectroscopy, flame emission spectroscopy and other types of spectroscopy Emission standard , requirements that set specific limits to the amount of pollutants that can be released into the environment Emission theory , a competing theory for the special theory of relativity, explaining the results of the Michelson Morley experiment Emission theory vision , the proposal that visual perception is accomplished by rays of light emitted by the eyes Emissions trading , a market based approach used to control pollution ... , the ejecting of semen from the penis also, specifically Nocturnal emission , ejaculation experienced during sleep Light emission Thermionic emission , the flow of charged particles called thermions ... Noise emission see Noise Exhalation , especially where the velocity of exhaled air can influence the harmonic ... See also Emissions control disambiguation disambiguation als Emission bg cs Emise da Emission de Emission fr mission lv Emisija lt Emisija nl Emissie no Emisjon nn Emisjon pl Emisja pt Emiss o rm Emissiun ru simple Emission sr fi Emissio sv Emission uk ... more details
90 of cosmic ray s, which propagate in vacuum for interstellar distances. Free protons are protonemission ...Other uses about the proton as a subatomic particle the aqueous form of the hydrogen ion often encountered in biochemistry Hydronium Infobox Particle bgcolour classification Baryon name Proton image Image Quark structure proton.svg 250px caption The quark structure of the proton. The color assignment ... Proton , SubatomicParticle Proton , SubatomicParticle Nucleon mass val 1.672621777 74 e 27 ul kg ... bibcode 1995PhT....48j...9S ref The proton is a subatomic particle subatomic particle with the symbol SubatomicParticle Proton or SubatomicParticle Proton and a positive electric charge of 1 elementary ... physics, the proton is a hadron , composed of quark s. Prior to that model becoming a consensus in the physics community, the proton was considered a fundamental particle . A proton is composed of two ... page 19 publisher Cambridge University Press isbn ref The free proton is stable and is found naturally ... proton is not changed, and it remains a proton. The attraction of low energy protons to electrons ... to combine. In vacuum, a sufficiently slow proton may pick up a free electron, becoming a neutral ... s and one down quark of the proton are held together by the strong interaction strong force , mediated by gluon s. ref name Cottingham The proton has an approximately exponentially decaying positive ... atom with the chemical symbol H is a lone proton. The nuclei of the heavy hydrogen isotopes deuterium and tritium contain one proton bound to one and two neutrons, respectively. All other types of atoms are composed of two or more protons and various numbers of neutrons. Stability Main Proton decay The spontaneous decay of free protons has never been observed, and the proton is therefore ... physics predict that proton decay should take place with lifetimes of the order of val e 36 u years , and experimental searches have established lower bounds on the mean lifetime of the proton for various ... more details
Distinguish Proton notability date September 2011 primary sources date September 2011 The PROTON Ontology PROTo ONtology is a basic upper level ontology that contains about 300 classes and 100 properties, providing coverage of the general concepts necessary for a wide range of tasks, including semantic annotation, indexing, and retrieval of documents. ref Cite journal first Ivan last Terziev author authorlink coauthors Atanas Kiryakov, Dimitar Manov title D1.8.1 Base upper level ontology PROTON Guidance version publisher date Dec 7, 2005 url http proton.semanticweb.org D1 8 1.pdf accessdate 2010 09 29 ref Its design principles can be summarized as domain independence light weight logical definitions alignment with popular standards, and good coverage of named entities and concrete domains i.e., people, organizations, locations, numbers, dates, addresses . It was originally developed under the auspices of the SEKT project, and first released in 2005. It is presently maintained by Ontotext . See also Cyc UMBEL Upper ontology 28information science 29 Upper Ontologies Notes Reflist External links Semantic Web Category Knowledge representation Category Ontology information science Category Semantic Web ... more details
Nuclear physics Positron emission or beta plus decay Beta particle sup sup decay is a type of beta decay in which a proton is converted, via the weak force , to a neutron , releasing a positron the antimatter counterpart of an electron and a neutrino . Isotope s which undergo this decay and thereby emit positrons include carbon 11 , Isotopes of potassium potassium 40 , nitrogen 13 , Isotopes of oxygen oxygen 15 , fluorine 18 , and Isotopes of iodine iodine 121 . As an example, the following equation describes the beta plus decay of carbon 11 to boron 11, emitting a positron and a neutrino Autogenerated using Phykiformulae 0.12 User SkyLined Phykiformulae C 11 B 11 e ve 0.96 MeV border 0 style height 2em Nuclide Link carbon 11 Nuclide Link boron 11 SubatomicParticle link yes Positron SubatomicParticle link yes Electron Neutrino 0.96 electron volt MeV Inside protons and neutrons, there are fundamental particles called quark s. The two most common types of quarks are up quarks, which have a charge of sup 2 sup sub 3 sub and down quarks ... proton s and neutron s. In a proton, whose charge is 1, there are two up quarks and one down quark ... quarks to down quarks. It is this that causes beta radiation. Positron emission happens when an up quark changes into a down quark. These isotopes are used in positron emission tomography , a technique ... the conversion of a proton to a neutron, or which decrease by less than 2 m sub e sub , do not spontaneously decay by positron emission. Nuclei which decay by positron emission may also decay by electron .... As the energy of the decay goes up, so does the branching ratio towards positron emission. However, if the energy difference is less than 2 m sub e sub c sup 2 sup , then positron emission cannot ... energy is too small for positron emission. External links Image Ndslivechart.png http www nds.iaea.org ... DEFAULTSORT Positron Emission Categories Category Nuclear physics Category Radioactivity Category ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 A spurious emission is any radio frequency not deliberately created or transmitted, especially in a device which normally does create other frequencies. A harmonic or other signal outside a transmitter s assigned channel would be considered a spurious emission. From ITU, 1.145 Spurious emissionEmission on a frequency or frequencies which are outside the necessary bandwidth and the level of which may be reduced without affecting the corresponding transmission of information. Spurious emissions include harmonic emissions, parasitic emissions, intermodulation products and frequency conversion products but exclude out of band emissions. DEFAULTSORT Spurious Emission Category Radio technology ja Telecomm stub ... more details
Primarysources article date October 2008 Infobox Automobile image File Proton Arena solid bed cover front , Kuala Lumpur.jpg 250px br An upmarket Fastback Proton Arena. name Proton Arena aka Proton Jumbuck manufacturer Proton company Proton class Pickup truck production 2002 present predecessor body style 2 door coup utility similar Subaru Brumby br Ford Bantam br Opel Corsa Opel Corsa Pickup br VW Caddy Volkswagen Caddy Pickup br Fiat Strada platform layout FF layout engine 1.5 L Mitsubishi Orion engine 4G15 Straight 4 I4 transmission 5 speed Manual transmission manual wheelbase convert ... abbr on top speed convert 155 km h mph 0 abbr on fuel capacity Convert 50 L usgal impgal 1 abbr on The Proton Arena or the Proton Jumbuck in the United Kingdom , Taiwan and Australia is a small front wheel drive coup utility manufactured by Malaysia n automaker Proton company Proton . Introduced in 2002, the Arena is the only form of pickup truck pickup by Proton, and is the only Proton model to enjoy ... Body design The Arena is based largely on Proton s Proton Wira Wira Persona saloon , sharing similar .... ref cite web url http www.proton.com.au jumbuck title Jumbuck & 124 Proton Cars Australia publisher ... with Proton s proprietary EMS 400 Engine control unit engine management system . ref name Arena in detail The Arena was proclaimed to have met Europe s European emission standards Euro 2 emission standards ... drive proton gwm utes fare poorly in ncap crash tests 20090928 g91a.html title Proton, GWM utes fare ... 09 crash test results Proton Cars Australia has criticised the choice of the Jumbuck for the test, arguing .... ref name Arena 09 crash test results References reflist Proton vehicles Category Compact cars Category Proton vehicles Arena Category Front wheel drive vehicles Category 2000s automobiles Category 2010s automobiles Category Vehicles introduced in 2001 Category Pickup trucks de Proton Arena fa ms Proton Arena ja pl Proton Arena pt Proton Arena ... more details
wiktionary proton A proton is a subatomic particle. Proton may also refer to TOC right In chemistry The following ions may be losely referred as proton Hydron chemistry chem H Hydronium hydroxonium chem H 3 O especially in biochemistry In technology Proton rocket , Russian unmanned space vehicle design Proton bank card , used for payments of small amounts Proton satellite , Soviet satellite Protei 5 Russian diver rider called a Proton , Russian diver propulsion vehicle Proton, a make of rebreather breathing set made by Siebe Gorman In business Proton carmaker , a Malaysian car producer Proton FC , a team in the Malaysian Premier League sponsored by the carmaker Proton Bank , an investment bank in Greece Proton Radio , an internet electronic music station Other uses Proton, a geologic province of a craton that is between 1.6 and 2.5 billion years old, which developed in the Proterozoic Eon USS Proton AG 147 , a US Navy tank landing ship disambig af Proton dubbelsinnig az Proton d qiql dirm bs Proton vor cs Proton rozcestn k de Proton Begriffskl rung es Prot n desambiguaci n fr Proton homonymie hr Proton razdvojba it Proton nl Proton ja nds Proton Mehrd dig Begreep pl Proton ujednoznacznienie pt Proton desambigua o ro Proton dezambiguizare ru sk Proton sr sv Proton olika betydelser tr Proton anlam ayr m vi Proton nh h ng ... more details
Infobox automobile name Proton P3 21A image manufacturer Proton carmaker Proton predecessor Proton Persona class Compact car Proton P3 21A known internally as Proton Persona R , which R stands for replacement is a codename of the upcoming global compact car compact successor of the Proton Persona developed by Malaysian automaker Proton carmaker Proton . It is reported to be based on a shrinked version of the Proton Exora platform. It will begin production in late 2011 and early 2012 at the Tanjung Malim plant. Proton Tuah A compact sedan called the Proton Tuah is exhibited at the 2010 Kuala Lumpur International Motor Show . Its exterior design was designed by Italdesign Giugiaro . References reflist Category Upcoming automobiles Category Proton vehicles ms Proton P3 21A ... more details
In atomic physics , exoelectron emission EE is a weak electron emission, appearing only from pretreated irradiated, deformed etc objects. ref name Oster1999 citation last Oster first L. year 1999 title Classification of Exoelectron Emission Mechanisms journal Phys. Status Solidi A volume 174 issue 2 pages 431 doi 10.1002 SICI 1521 396X 199908 174 2 431 AID PSSA431 3.0.CO 2 Z last2 Yaskolko first2 V. last3 Haddad first3 J. bibcode 1999PSSAR.174..431O ref ref name Gerasimov1976 citation last Gerasimov first A. B. year 1976 title On the physical mechanism of exoelectron emission journal Phys. Status Solidi A volume 35 issue 2 pages K131 doi 10.1002 pssa.2210350256 last2 Dolidze first2 G. M. last3 Mizandari first3 L. A. last4 Tsertsvadze first4 A. A. bibcode 1976PSSAR..35..131G ref The pretreatment excitation turns the objects into an unequilibrial state. EE accompanies the relaxation of these unequilibria. The relaxation can be stimulated e.g. by slight heating or longwave illumination, not causing emission from untreated samples. Accordingly, thermo and photostimulated EE TSEE, PSEE are distinguished. Thus, EE is an electron emission analogue of such optical phenomena as phosphorescence , thermo and photostimulated luminescence . References Reflist Category Atomic, molecular, and optical physics nuclear stub ... more details
Zero emission refers to an engine , electric motor motor , or other energy source, that emits no waste products that pollutes the environment or disrupts the climate. Zero emission engines Vehicles and other mobile machinery used for transport over land, sea, air, rail and for other uses agricultural, mobile power generation, etc contribute heavily to climate change and pollution, so zero emission engines are an area of active research. These technologies almost in all cases include an Electric motor electric engine powered by an energy source compact enough to be installed in the vehicle. These sources include hydrogen fuel cell s, Traction battery batteries , supercapacitors , and flywheel energy storage devices. In some cases, such as Air engine compressed air engines , the engine may be mechanical rather than electrical. This mechanical engine is then powered by a passive energy source like compressed air , or a combustible non polluting gas like hydrogen . The above engines can be used in all vehicles, from cars to boats to propeller airplanes. For boats, energy sources such as nuclear power and Photovoltaics solar panels can also be a viable option, in addition to traditional sail s and turbosail s. A concept like vegetable oil economy produces emissions however, the only emissions are things that were first taken out of the atmosphere when the plants were growing. So there is no net emission. See also Air engine Carbon neutrality Zero emission project Zero Emissions Research and Initiatives Zero emissions vehicle References cite book last Dixon first Lloyd coauthors Isaac Porche, Jonathan Kulick title Driving Emissions to Zero Are the Benefits of California s Zero Emission Vehicle Program Worth the Costs? publisher RAND Corporation date 2002 isbn 0 8330 3212 7 External ... Description of what zero emission means Category Green vehicles Category Zero emissions vehicles Category Emission standards de Nullemission it Emissioni zero ja ... more details
The emission spectrum of a chemical element or chemical compound is the spectrum of frequencies of electromagnetic ... to a lower energy state. Each element s emission spectrum is unique. Therefore, spectroscopy can be used to identify the elements in matter of unknown composition. Similarly, the emission spectra of molecules can be used in chemical analysis of substances. Emission light In physics , emission ... one through the emission of a photon , resulting in the production of light . The frequency ... properties of the object through the Stefan Boltzmann law . For most substances, the amount of emission ... to the appearance of color temperature and emission lines . Precise measurements at many wavelengths allow the identification of a substance via emission spectroscopy . Emission of radiation is typically ... by the difference in energy between the two states. These emitted photons form the element s emission spectrum. The fact that only certain colors appear in an element s atomic emission spectrum means ... are emitted by the atom. The principle of the atomic emission spectrum explains the varied colors in neon .... File Emission spectrum H.svg none 757px thumb Emission spectrum of Hydrogen File Emission spectrum Fe.svg none 757px thumb Emission spectrum of Iron Radiation from molecules As well as the electronic ... continuum. Molecular emission is the mechanism behind the sulfur lamp and the deuterium arc lamp . Emission .... The emission spectrum can be used to determine the composition of a material, since it is different ... identifying the composition of star s by analysing the received light. The emission spectrum characteristics ... becomes green. These definite characteristics allow elements to be identified by their atomic emission ... ultra violet rays and infra red lighting, an emission is formed when an excited gas is viewed directly ... emissionEmission spectroscopy is a spectroscopy spectroscopic technique which examines the wavelengths .... Emission spectroscopy developed in the late 19th century and efforts in theoretical explanation ... more details
Refimprove date September 2009 Image FusionintheSun.svg thumb 250px The protonproton chain reaction dominates in stars the size of the Sun or smaller. The protonproton chain reaction is one of several ... being the CNO cycle . The protonproton chain dominates in stars the size of the Sun or smaller. In general, protonproton fusion can occur only if the temperature i.e. kinetic energy of the protons ... , 1 42,59, 1971 , The Proton type nuclear fission reaction ref In the Sun, deuterium producing ... quickly, the Sun would have exhausted its hydrogen long ago. History of the protonproton chain reaction The theory that protonproton reactions were the basic principle by which the Sun and other stars ... prediction. Even so, it was unclear how protonproton fusion might proceed, because the most obvious ... . The protonproton chain reaction The first step involves the fusion of two hydrogen nuclei SimpleNuclide Link Hydrogen proton s into deuterium , releasing a positron and a neutrino as one proton changes ... much SimpleNuclide Helium 4 . Citation needed date March 2008 The pp II branch File ProtonProton II chain reaction.svg thumb Protonproton II chain reaction See also lithium burning Autogenerated using ..., respectively . The pp III branch File ProtonProton III chain reaction.png thumb Protonproton III ... 3 reacts directly with a proton to give helium 4, with an even higher possible neutrino energy ... in the Cosmos , The University of Chicago Press, 1988, p. 354. ref The pep reaction Image Protonproton cycle.png thumb 300px Protonproton and electron capture chain reactions in a star. Deuterium can also be produced by the rare pep proton electron proton reaction electron capture Autogenerated ... as an anti electron. This is represented in the figure of protonproton and electron capture ... Commons category Protonproton chain reaction references Nuclear processes DEFAULTSORT ProtonProton Chain Reaction Category Nuclear fusion ar ca Cadena prot prot ... more details
Emission is the radiation or radio signal produced or emitted by a radio station radio transmitting station . ref ITU Radio Regulations , Volume 1, Article 1, Provision No. 1.138 Edition of 2008 ref References Reflist Category Radio terminology radio comm stub ... more details
Nebula NGC 3372. Emission nebulae often have dark areas in them which result from interstellar medium ... and emission components such as the Trifid Nebula . References Reflist Category Nebulae Category Emission nebulae ar ca Nebulosa d emissi cs Emisn mlhovina de Emissionsnebel el ... Mg awica emisyjna pt Nebulosa de emiss o ru simple Emission nebula sk Emisn ... more details
Orphan date March 2009 Infobox Software name Nepal eMission logo screenshot caption Typical Connect meeting with discussion series of pods displayed developer Nepal Software Inc. Borgarnes , Iceland latest release version latest release date operating system Microsoft Windows genre Screencast , Video capture , Streaming media license Proprietary software Proprietary website http www.emission.is Nepal eMission software homepage Nepal eMission is a software from Nepal Software, Borgarnes , Iceland , used to record lectures and seminars . The software is primary made for Education educators in all levels ref http www.emission.is Nepal eMission software homepage ref . Technology Nepal eMission is built with .NET Framework Microsoft .NET Framework , and based on Windows Media Microsoft Windows Media framework ref cite web url http www.nepal.is default.asp?sid id 6094&tre rod 003 &tId 1 title Nepal vefumsj n ref . Main functions is to record computer screen with speech from a microphone, connected to computer. You can also record video, if you connect a Webcam or Video camera to your computer. Built in function is also possibility to upload your movie to a Microsoft Media Server , and automatically publish a link to the movie in for example a Learning management system Learning Management System . Nepal eMission is also a Media player application software media player built with Microsoft Silverlight Microsoft Silverlight technology , for play these movie, uploaded on Microsoft Media Server . References references See also List of screencasting software Category Multimedia Category Screencasting software Category Microsoft Windows multimedia technology Category Podcasting ... more details
Spontaneous emission is the process by which a light source such as an atom , molecule , nanocrystal ..., e.g., the ground state and emits a photon . Spontaneous emission of light or luminescence is a fundamental ... panels, lasers for startup normal continuous operation works by stimulated emission instead and light ... math hbar math is the reduced Planck constant . The phase waves phase of the photon in spontaneous emission is random as is the direction the photon propagates in. This is not true for stimulated emission . An energy level diagram illustrating the process of spontaneous emission is shown below Image ... math is the rate of spontaneous emission. In the rate equation math A 21 math is a proportionality ... state to an excited state, a field state with one photon in it. Spontaneous emission in free space ... & Ujihara K title Spontaneous emission and laser oscillation in microcavities publisher CRC Press ...&printsec frontcover&dq 22spontaneous emission 22 PPA6,M1 ref ref name Scully1 cite book author ... from electronic excitation to a photonic excitation the atom must decay by spontaneous emission ... source of photons. This is not spontaneous emission, but is actually nonradiative relaxation of the atoms .... Rate of spontaneous emission The rate of spontaneous emission i.e., the radiative rate can be described ... Solids Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK, 1989 . ref The rate of emission depends on two factors an atomic ... space , the rate of spontaneous emission in the dipole approximation is given by math Gamma rad omega frac omega 3n mu 12 2 3 pi varepsilon 0 hbar c 0 3 math where math omega math is the emission frequency ... shell electrons in high Z atoms. Clearly, the rate of spontaneous emission in free space increases with math omega 3 math . In contrast with atoms, which have a discrete emission spectrum, quantum dots ... 3 math frequency dependence of the spontaneous emission rate as described by Fermi s golden rule ... spontaneous emission rate from CdSe and CdTe nanocrystals Influence of dark states, Physical ... more details
Secondary emission in physics is a phenomenon where primary incident particles of sufficient energy , when hitting a surface or passing through some material, induce the emission of secondary particles. The primary particles are often charged particle s like electron s or ion s. If the secondary particles are electrons, the effect is termed secondary electrons secondary electron emission. ref R. Kollath, Secondary electron emission of solids irradiated by electrons, Encyclopedia of Physics ed. S. Fl gge Vol. 21, p. 232 303 1956, in German ref In this case, the number of secondary electrons emitted per incident particle is called secondary emission yield . If the secondary particles are ions, the effect is termed secondary ion emission. Applications Secondary emissive materials Most common used secondary emissive materials include alkali antimonide, beryllium oxide BeO , magnesium oxide MgO , gallium phosphide GaP , gallium arsenide phosphide GaAsP , lead oxide PbO , etc. Photo multipliers and similar devices Secondary emission is a phenomenon where additional electrons, called secondary electrons, are emitted from the surface of a material when an incident particle often, charged particle ... electrons emitted per incident particle is called secondary emission yield. The effect can also be exploited ... electrons from its surface through secondary emission. These new electrons are then accelerated ... emission to store bits on the tube face. Another random access computer memory tube based on secondary emission was the Selectron tube . Both were made obsolete by the invention of magnetic core memory . Undesirable effects Secondary emission can be undesirable such as in the tetrode thermionic ... sufficiently to cause secondary emission at the anode Plate electrode plate . This can give rise to excessive ... early types with anodes not treated to reduce secondary emission, exhibiting a negative resistance ... footer DEFAULTSORT Secondary Emission Category Condensed matter physics Category Vacuum tubes ... more details
An Air pollution emission inventory is an accounting of the amount of pollutants discharged into the atmosphere . An emission inventory usually contains the total emissions for one or more specific greenhouse ... and within a specified time span, usually a specific year. An emission inventory is generally characterized ... period over which emissions are estimated, How The methodology to use. Emission inventories are compiled for both scientific applications and for use in policy processes. Use of Emission Inventories ... problems and in monitoring progress towards solving these. Emission inventories provide this type of information. Emission inventories are developed for a variety of purposes Policy use by policy makers to track progress towards emission reduction targets, develop strategies and policies or Scientific ... by scientists as inputs to air quality models. Policy use Two more or less independent types of emission ... this type of emissions reporting aims at monitoring the progress towards agreed national emission reduction targets Regular emission reporting by individual industrial facilities in response to legal obligations this type of emission reporting is developed to support public participation in decision ... are the annual emission inventories as reported to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFCCC ref Greenhouse gas emission inventories can be found at the UNFCCC website at http ... . Policy users typically are interested in annual total emission only. Scientific use Atmospheric ... area. Air emission inventories provide this type of information. Depending on the spatial and temporal ... to be increased beyond what is available from national emission inventories as repoprted to the international conventions and protocols. Compilation of Emission Inventories For each of the pollutants ... constant emission factor . Why the source categories To compile an emission inventory, all sources ..., but in most cases the source categories listed above will be included. What the pollutants Emission ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Emission Phase Type studio Artist Detonation band Detonation Cover Emission Phase.jpg Released April 30, 2007 Recorded January, 2007 Genre Melodic death metal Length 49 22 Label Osmose Productions Producer Jochem Jacobs br Bouke Visser Reviews Last album Portals to Uphobia br 2005 This album Emission Phase br 2007 Next album Emission Phase is the third full length studio album by the band Detonation band Detonation and was released by the France French label Osmose Productions . The artwork was made by http www.elirankantor.com index.php?page detonation Eliran Kantor . Track listing Invoking the Impact 4 07 When Stone Turns to Ash 4 53 Craven Ablaze 4 14 Chokedamp 5 34 Defects of the Isolated Mind 4 17 Modulate 3 54 Into the Emission Phase 5 30 Infected 3 52 2nd Sun Ascending instrumental 1 57 Soul Severance 3 53 Reborn from the Radiance 4 38 Fallout instrumental 2 33 Credits Band members Koen Romeijn Death growl Vocals , Electric guitar Guitar Mike Ferguson Electric guitar Guitar Thomas Kalksma Drum kit Drums Otto Schimmelpenninck Bass guitar Other http www.elirankantor.com index.php?page detonation Eliran Kantor Album cover Cover Artwork Category Detonation albums Category 2007 albums 2000s death metal album stub ... more details
Nasal emission is the abnormal passing of oral air through a palatal cleft , or from some other type of Velopharyngeal inadequacy velopharyngeal inadequacy VPI , during the production of a consonant that requires a buildup of oral air pressure for proper pronunciation , such as p or s . The escaping air tends to reduce the oral air pressure and impede the proper production of the consonant. Secondary effects sometimes noted with nasal emission are the development of improper compensatory pronunciation habits, including using a very soft voice that uses less breath pressure. Nasal emission can be detected by a number of simple techniques, such as looking for the fogging of a mirror held under the nares ref http www.asha.org about publications leader online archives 2006 060207 060207c.htm Kummer, A. W. 2006, Feb. 7 . Resonance disorders and nasal emission Evaluation and treatment using low tech and no tech procedures. The ASHA Leader, 11 2 , 4, 26. ref or measured more definitively by means of a nasal pneumotachograph, as in the http www.microtronics nc.com Perci sar.htm Perci Sar system or the http www.glottal.com Products NVS.htm NE2 NEM system system from http www.glottal.com Glottal Enterprises . The measurement of nasal emission in consonants is linked with the measurement of nasalance in vowels under the term nasometry . See also Nasalization Nasalance nasometry http www.microtronics nc.com Perci sar.htm Perci Sar http www.glottal.com Products NVS.htm Glottal Enterprises NVS System References references Category Nose Category Phonetics Category Speech impediments ... more details
primarysources date January 2010 refimprove date January 2010 infobox record label name Edelweiss Emission image Image Logo completo de edelweiss y edelweiss emission.jpg parent founded 1989 founder distributor Edelweiss Emission genre classical and ancient music country Switzerland url http www.edelweissemission.com Edelweiss Emission is a Swiss independent record label that was founded in 1989. It is dedicated to classical and ancient music. Artists who have recorded for the Edelweiss Emission label include the Argentine classical pianist Daniel Levy classical pianist , the baritone and conductor Dietrich Fischer Dieskau , the Philharmonia Orchestra , the baritone Wolfgang Holzmair , the Polish Italian cellist Franco Maggio Ormezowski, the ensemble Ars Antiqua de Paris and the sitarist, Ravi Shankar . Recording venues include Abbey Road Studios in London , The Barocksaal in Austria and the Scuola Grande di San Giovanni Evangelista in Venice , among others. The label has a wide catalogue of recordings, with a repertoire that ranges from music of the middle ages and Renaissance G. de Machaut Venetian Music from the 16th century and Elizabethan Music, to the golden age of classical music, from Bach up to the romantic period. The catalogue also includes improvisations and contemporary classical music. See also List of record labels References http www.edelweissemission.com Edelweiss Emission s website http www.academyofeuphony.com International Academy of Euphony s website http www.musicweb international.com recordD K.htm MusicWeb International http www.allrecordlabels.com db 3 24873.html allrecordlabels.com http magazin.klassik.com records teaser.cfm?RECID 3152 Klassik.com External links http www.edelweissemission.com Official Website Category Classical music record labels Category Independent record labels ... more details
In optics , stimulated emission is the process by which an atomic electron or an excited molecular state ... of the incident wave. This is in contrast to spontaneous emission which occurs without regard ... equilibrium, absorption exceeds stimulated emission because there are more electrons in the lower ... the rate of stimulated emission exceeds that of absorption, and a net optical amplification can be achieved ... . Lacking a feedback mechanism, laser amplifier s and Amplified spontaneous emission superluminescent sources also function on the basis of stimulated emission. Stimulated emission is a quantum mechanics ... are only allowed in between discrete energy levels such as the two shown above. This leads to emission ... spontaneous emission . The phase associated with the photon that is emitted is random ... and thermal emission . An external electromagnetic field at a frequency associated with a transition ... of transitions between two states is enhanced beyond that due to spontaneous emission. Such a transition ... photon this is the process of stimulated emission . Mathematical model Stimulated emission can be modelled ... by the process of spontaneous emission , releasing the difference in energies between the two states ... energy state. This process is known as stimulated emission . In a group of such atoms, if the number of atoms in the excited state is given by N sub 2 sub , the rate at which stimulated emission occurs ... field at frequency . The rate of emission is thus proportional to the number of atoms in the excited ... for this transition must be identical to that for stimulated emission math B 12 B 21 math . Thus absorption and stimulated emission are reverse processes proceeding at somewhat different rates. Another way of viewing this is to look at the net stimulated emission or absorption viewing it as a single ... for this to be a positive number, indicating net stimulated emission, there must be more atoms in the excited ... medium of a laser. The notable characteristic of stimulated emission compared to everyday ... more details
unreferenced date December 2010 Band Emission, is the fraction of the total emission from a blackbody that is in a certain wavelength interval or band. For a prescribed temperature, T and the spectral interval from 0 to , is the ratio of the total emissive power of a black body from 0 to to the total emissive power over the entire spectrum. math F 0, lambda frac int 0 lambda E lambda,b d lambda int 0 infty E lambda,b d lambda frac int 0 lambda E lambda,b d lambda sigma T 4 int 0 lambda T frac E lambda,b sigma T 5 d lambda T f lambda T math See also Spectral bands physics stub Category Spectroscopy ... more details
pressure mercury gas discharge lamp showing white thermionic emission mix coating on the central portion ... is sputtered away through normal use, often eventually resulting in lamp failure. Thermionic emission ... are sometimes referred to as thermions . After emission, a charge will initially be left behind ... the emitter will be in the same state as it was before emission. The thermionic emission of electrons is also known as thermal electron emission. The classical example of thermionic emission is the emission ... structure of metal or carbides or borides of transition metals. Vacuum emission from metals tends ... emission is now also used to refer to any thermally excited charge emission process, even when ... charge. ref cite book url http books.google.it books?id PrbOIoMnxnwC&pg PA196 title The emission ... called thermionic emission . However, when the foil was given a more positive charge than the filament ... to refer to thermionic emission itself . He found that the current emitted by the hot filament increased ... Effect bulbs, and presented a paper on them in 1885, where he referred to thermionic emission as the Edison ... on the topic that he later called thermionic emission . He received a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1928 ... similar to the Arrhenius equation . Later, he proposed that the emission law should have the mathematical form ref name Crowell ref math J A mathrm G T 2 mathrm e W over k T math where J is the emission ... name Crowell C.R. Crowell, The Richardson constant for thermionic emission in Schottky barrier ... r sub av sub of the outgoing electrons would be reflected as they reached the emitter surface, so the emission ..., one sometimes sees the thermionic emission equation written in the form math J 1 r mathrm av A 0 ... well before kT W . Schottky emission In electron emission devices, especially electron gun s, the thermionic ... the surface barrier by an amount W , and increases the emission current. This is known as the Schottky effect or field enhanced thermionic emission. It can be modeled by a simple modification of the Richardson ... more details
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