Wikisource ProtocolII is a 1977 amendment Protocol diplomacy protocol to the Geneva Conventions relating to the protection of victims of non international armed conflicts. It defines certain international laws that strive to provide better protection for victims of internal armed conflicts that take place within the borders of a single country. The scope of these laws is more limited than those of the rest of the Geneva Conventions out of respect for sovereign rights and duties of national governments. As of 14 January 2007, the Protocol had been ratified by 163 countries, with the United States , Israel , Iran , Pakistan and Afghanistan and Iraq being notable exceptions. However, the United States, Iran and Pakistan signed it on 12 December 1977 with the intention of ratifying it. According to an appeal by the International Committee of the Red Cross in 1997, a number of the articles contained .... These efforts resulted in ProtocolII of the Geneva Conventions. The debate over this Protocol diplomacy protocol centered on two conflicting ideas. ref cite book last Levie first Howard title The Law of non international armed conflict ProtocolII to the 1949 Geneva convention publisher Martinus ... Full text of ProtocolII with commentaries http www.icrc.org ihl.nsf WebSign?ReadForm&id 475&ps P List of countries that have ratified ProtocolII http www.icrc.org ihl.nsf WebSign?ReadForm&id 475&ps S List of countries that have signed but not yet ratified ProtocolII http www.icrc.org Web Eng ... archives speeches 1987 012987b.htm President Reagan s message to the Senate on Protocols I & II Geneva Conventions DEFAULTSORT ProtocolIi Category Geneva Conventions Category Treaties concluded in 1977 ... Geneva Convention of 1949, on the treatment of civilian s during wartime. Protocol I , a 1977 amendment addressing the protection of victims in international conflicts. Protocol III , a 2005 amendment ... Treaties of Zambia Category Treaties of Zimbabwe nl Tweede Aanvullend Protocol bij de Conventies ... more details
Wiktionary TOCright In computing, a protocol is a set of rules which is used by computers to communicate with each other across a network. A protocol is a convention or standard that controls or enables the connection, communication, and data transfer between computing endpoints Procedures for human behavior Protocol diplomacy Protocol politics , a formal agreement between nation states cf treaty . Protocol, a.k.a. etiquette Clinical protocol, a.k.a. Medical guideline guideline medical Research methods Protocol natural sciences Clinical trial protocol Voice procedure a protocol for voice communications Other Communications protocol , in telecommunications and computer networking Protocol band , British Protocol film Protocol film See also List of network protocols The Protocols of the Elders of Zion This sounds like a term whose meaning is probably explained by the special training needed when providing protective details to diplomats, to avoid violating Protocol diplomacy , and not a topic that can be described as an instance of a protocol. If Police protocol unit were an article, it probably would belong on List of police special purpose units . Police protocol unit disambig bg ca Protocol cs Protokol da Protokol de Protokoll Begriffskl rung es Protocolo eo Protokolo fr Protocole gl Protocolo ko io Protokolo it Protocollo he lt Protokolas reik m s hu Protokoll egy rtelm s t lap no Protokoll pl Protok pt Protocolo ru sk Protokol sl Protokol sv Protokoll uk ur ... more details
The Sigma Protocol is the name of a novel. Sigma Protocol may also refer to Proof of knowledge Sigma protocols Sigma protocols , a type of cryptographic protocol. disambig ... more details
A lightweight protocol in computer networking is any of a number of communication protocol s that are characterized by a relatively small overhead caused e.g. by bulky metadata in transmitted on top of the functional data Lightweight Directory Access Protocol Lightweight Telephony Protocol Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol Lightweight Presentation Protocol Internet Content Adaptation Protocol Skinny Call Control Protocol OpenLDAP Category Network protocols ... more details
London Protocol is a name used to describe several different documents. 1814 main Eight Articles of London On June 21, 1814, a secret convention between the Great Power s United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland , Prussia , Austria , and Russia awarded the territory of current Belgium and The Netherlands to William I of the Netherlands , then Sovereign Prince of the United Netherlands. He accepted this award on July 21, 1814. 1829 On 22 March 1829, a conference of ambassadors of the three protecting ... in a London Protocol. ref http www.mfa.gr NR rdonlyres E1DA0D5F 5493 4BF4 8FD3 D5CD6C6BB96C 0 1830 london protocol.doc London Protocol 1830 ref 1832 On August 30, 1832, a London Protocol was signed ... On May 8, 1852, after the First War of Schleswig , another London Protocol was signed. The international treaty that became known as the London Protocol was the revision of an earlier protocol, which ..., actual London Protocol was recognized by the five major European powers Austria , France , Prussia ... . The Protocol affirmed the integrity of the Danish federation as a European necessity and standing ... of succession for the duchies and Denmark conflicted. That meant that, contrary to the Protocol, the new ... War of Schleswig German Danish war of 1864 . Prussia and Austria declared Denmark in violation of the Protocol ... for the precise date November 18 1877 The London Protocol was signed on March 21, 1877 between ... led to the British withdrawal from the Protocol and threatened military intervention, quieted only by the Congress of Berlin . 1944 In the London Protocol signed on September 12, 1944, the Allies of World War II then without France agreed on dividing Germany into three occupation zones after the war ... by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter 1972, also known as the London Convention Protocol ref http www.imo.org home.asp?topic id 1488 IMO website ref 2000 The London Protocol is also an alternative ... ja nl Protocol van Londen no London protokollen ru ... more details
The Wiley Protocol is a controversial form of bioidentical hormone replacement therapy BHRT devised and advocated by T. S. Wiley . The protocol claims to relieve the Menopause Symptoms symptoms of menopause but is also promoted as increasing overall health through the recreation of a pre menopausal woman s monthly hormonal cycle using rhythmic doses of hormones standardized to a uniform purity. Wiley claims the protocol is a step beyond the symptomatic treatment of conventional Hormone replacement therapy menopause hormone replacement therapy . The protocol has been criticized by members of the medical ... used, Wiley s lack of qualifications to design the protocol, and ethical problems with the clinical trial that is being run to test it. The protocol has not been Empirical method empirically verified as safe or effective. The Wiley Protocol was issued U.S. Patent 7,879,830 February 1, 2011. Specific dosing The Wiley Protocol uses Bioidentical hormone replacement therapy bioidentical hormones ... on Aging accessdate 2007 12 20 ref The protocol is promoted as differing from conventional hormone ... remaining static ref name patent Topical rather than oral administration ref name patent The protocol .... ref name patent Wiley has stated that in her opinion, the most important aspect of the protocol is the specific ... significant side effects while following the protocol and have stopped using it, and that the dosages ... 1193553 ref ref name Rosenthalmenopause cite journal author Rosenthal MS title The Wiley Protocol an analysis ... criticized by some physicians for their advocacy of the Wiley Protocol. A group of seven doctors issued ... that the protocol is scientifically unproven and dangerous and cite Wiley s lack of medical and clinical ... Ellin, Abby date October 15, 2006 accessdate 2007 12 01 ref The Wiley Protocol has been criticized as unethical due to the start of a Phase II clinical trial with no Phase I, a lack of approval by an institutional ... Wiley Watch , a website critical of the Wiley Protocol Category Endocrinology Category Menopause ... more details
Protocol analyzer is used to capture and analyze network traffic. Protocol analyzer may refer to A bus analyzer A network packet analyzer An IP Load tester A Telecom Network Protocol Analyzer disambig ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 An authentication protocol is a type of cryptographic protocol with the purpose of authentication authenticating entities wishing to communicate securely. There are many different authentication protocols such as AKA security AKA CAVE based authentication Challenge handshake authentication protocol CHAP CRAM MD5 Diameter protocol Diameter Extensible Authentication Protocol EAP Host Identity Protocol HIP Kerberos protocol Kerberos MS CHAP and MS CHAPv2 variants of CHAP NTLM , also known as NT LAN Manager Password authenticated key agreement protocols Password Authentication Protocol PAP Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol PEAP RADIUS Secure Remote Password protocol SRP TACACS and TACACS RFID Authentication Protocols DEFAULTSORT Authentication Protocol Category Computer access control protocols computer security stub Compu network stub ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 In computer networking , a wire protocol refers to a way of getting data from point to point A wire protocol is needed if more than one application has to interoperate. In contrast to transport protocol s at the transport level like Transmission Control Protocol TCP or User Datagram Protocol UDP the term wire protocol is used to describe a common way to represent information at the application level. It refers only to a common application layer protocol and not to a common object semantic of the applications. Such a representation at application level needs a common infoset XML and a data binding using e.g. a common encoding scheme like XSD . Examples of wire protocols are IIOP for CORBA Java Remote Method Protocol JRMP for Java remote method invocation RMI SOAP for Web Services See also line code communications protocol network protocol DEFAULTSORT Wire Protocol Compu network stub Category Application layer protocols ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2009 A free protocol is a Protocol computing protocol whose full specification is freely available and for which there are no restrictions e.g. legal or technical on its use. Users may design and use variations that suit their needs, and contribute enhancements for potential incorporation into the next official version of the protocol. A free software reference implementation must be available. Free protocol are important for interoperability and choice of software. Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol XMPP is a free protocol. See also Portal Free software open standard free file format DEFAULTSORT Free Protocol Category Libre Category Data transmission Category Network protocols Software type stub ... more details
Since communications protocol digital communications protocols are controlled by software , protocol versioning generally follows software versioning standards. Category Network protocols computer stub ... more details
Protocol parameters. IPCP uses the same Configuration Option format defined for LCP Link Control Protocol , with a separate set of Options. IPCP Configuration Options table border 1 tr th 00 th ... td IP Compression Protocol. td td RFC 1332, RFC 3241, RFC 3544 td tr tr th 3 th td align center 6 .... IP Compression Protocol class wikitable Type Length IP Compression Protocol Data 1 byte 1 byte 2 ... 1332 The Internet Protocol Control Protocol IPCP RFC 1570 PPP Link Control Protocol LCP Extensions RFC 1661 The Point to Point Protocol PPP Category Internet protocols de Internet Protocol Control Protocol es IP Control Protocol ja Internet Protocol Control Protocol pl Internet Protocol Control Protocol ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 The MOSI protocol is an extension of the basic MSI protocol MSI cache coherency Protocol computing protocol . It adds the O wned state, which indicates that the current processor owns this block, and will service requests from other processors for the block. For any given pair of caches, the permitted states of a given cache line are as follows class wikitable style text align center M O S I M N N N Y O N N Y Y S N Y Y Y I Y Y Y Y See also Coherence protocol MSI protocol MESI protocol MOESI protocol DEFAULTSORT Mosi Protocol Category Cache coherency Compu stub ... more details
A09E35B6D01B&lng en Protocol Update II PDF http se2.isn.ch serviceengine FileContent?serviceID 23&fileid 78B126B9 96AC 7A7E D50A C26405C745D8&lng en Protocol Update III PDF Category History of Angola ...The Lusaka Protocol , signed in Lusaka , Zambia on October 31, 1994, attempted to end the Angolan Civil War by integrating and disarming UNITA and national reconciliation. Both sides signed a ceasefire as part of the protocol on November 20. ref name hrw Vines, Alex. Angola Unravels The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process , 1999. Human Rights Watch. ref Negotiation By late 1993 UNITA had gained control over 70 of Angola, but the government s military successes in 1994 forced UNITA to sue for peace ... support for the protocol. Mugabe and Mandela both said they would be willing to meet with Savimbi ... of Portugal , the United States , and Russia observing, to oversee its implementation. Violations of the protocol s provisions would be discussed and reviewed by the commission. ref name hrw The protocol ... in international relations balance of power , led to the protocol s collapse and the civil war. ref name hrw The Bicesse Accords largely punished the weaker signatory while the Lusaka Protocol guaranteed ... of the protocol. The UN largely did not enforce the provision prohibiting UNITA from buying foreign ... would only be achieved when the government defeated UNITA militarily, calling the protocol a mistake .... Following the protocol the government and UNITA both engaged in the indiscriminate killing ... of China , and South Africa . While no arms shipment to the government violated the protocol ... until January 1996 in violation of the protocol s repatriation provision. ref name hrw Savimbi ... to implement the protocol, but fighting resumed and the peace process ended. ref name hrw References ...?serviceID 23&fileid ECD34D83 25BC A732 1AE9 C068A03A4888&lng en Protocol Text PDF http se2.isn.ch serviceengine FileContent?serviceID 23&fileid B9D5867F 4471 D2EC 434A 9D5CDFFB56B6&lng en Protocol ... more details
Image Protocolo de R o.jpg thumb right 200px The signing of the Rio Protocol The Protocol of Peace, Friendship, and Boundaries between Peru and Ecuador , or Rio Protocol for short, was an international .... The Protocol was intended to finally resolve the long running History of the Ecuadorian Peruvian ... end of the Ecuadorian Peruvian War of 1941 1942. Nevertheless the Protocol was incomplete, and war ..., with the mediating countries being joined by Chile . With its recent entry into World War II , the United ... and Alfredo Solf y Muro , signed a Protocol of Peace, Friendship, and Boundaries , known as the Rio de Janeiro Protocol . The observers from the United States, Brazil, Argentina, and Chile co signed the document, becoming Guarantors of the Protocol . ref http www.usip.org pubs peaceworks pwks27 appndx1 27.html ref The Rio Protocol was subsequently ratified by each country s congress on February 26, 1942. By the terms of the Protocol, Ecuador agreed to withdraw its long standing claim for rights ... 1st Ed. 1945 . P. 462. ref During the 1960s, the Ecuadorian government alleged that the Protocol ... Protocol was not fulfilled until the signing of the Itamaraty Peace Declaration in 1995. Between .... Text Copy section to Wikisource English Translation PROTOCOL OF PEACE, FRIENDSHIP, AND BOUNDARIES ... Meeting of the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the American Republics, have resolved to conclude a protocol ... protocol ARTICLE I The Governments of Peru and Ecuador solemnly affirm their resolute intention of maintaining .... ARTICLE II The Government of Peru shall, within a period of 15 days from this date, withdraw its military forces to the line described in article VIII of this protocol. ARTICLE III The United ... completed, this protocol and the execution thereof being under the guaranty of the four countries ... arise in the execution of this protocol shall be settled by the parties concerned, with the assistance ..., and Chile. The Governments of Peru and Ecuador shall submit this protocol to their respective ... more details
IPstack See Wiktionary the Internet protocol named DISCARD discard The Discard Protocol is a service in the Internet Protocol Suite defined in RFC 863. It is intended for testing, debugging, and measurement purposes. A host may send data to a host that supports the Discard Protocol on either Transmission Control Protocol TCP or User Datagram Protocol UDP port number 9. The data sent to the server is simply discarded. No response is returned. Inetd implementation On most UNIX like operating systems a discard server is built into the inetd or xinetd daemon computer software daemon . The discard service is usually not enabled by default. It may be enabled by adding the following lines to the file tt etc inetd.conf tt and reloading the configuration discard stream tcp nowait root internal discard dgram udp wait root internal The Discard Protocol is the TCP UDP equivalent of the Unix filesystem node dev null . Such a service is guaranteed to receive what is sent to it and can be used for debugging TCP and or UDP code requiring a guaranteed reception of payload sent. See also List of well known ports computing List of well known ports Echo Protocol Daytime Protocol Character Generator Protocol Time Protocol External links RFC 348, The Discard process RFC 863, The Discard protocol Category Internet protocols Category Application layer protocols ... more details
IPstack The Time Protocol is a network protocol in the Internet Protocol Suite defined in 1983 in RFC 868. Its purpose is to provide a site independent, machine readable date and time. The Time Protocol may be implemented over the Transmission Control Protocol TCP or the User Datagram Protocol UDP . A host connects to a server that supports the Time Protocol on port 37. The server then sends the time as a 32 bit unsigned integer in binary format and in network byte order , representing the number of seconds since 00 00 midnight 1 January, 1900 GMT, and closes the connection. Operation over UDP requires the sending of any datagram to the server port, as there is no connection setup for UDP. The Time Protocol is used by the rdate command, available on most Unix like operating systems. The functionality of the Time Protocol has been superseded by the Network Time Protocol NTP . Inetd implementation On most UNIX like operating systems a Time Protocol server is built into the inetd or xinetd daemon computer software daemon . The service is usually not enabled by default. It may be enabled by adding the following lines to the file tt etc inetd.conf tt time stream tcp nowait root internal time dgram udp wait root internal and reloading the configuration. See also List of well known ports computing Echo Protocol Discard Protocol Daytime Protocol Character Generator Protocol rdate , a tool for querying the current time from a network server External links http www.clevervest.com htp clevervest.com HTTP Time Protocol http freestone group.com fg time sync.htm freestone group.com FG Time Sync Category Network time related software Category Internet protocols Category Application layer protocols fr Time Protocol simple TIME protocol zh ... more details
IPstack The Echo Protocol is a service in the Internet Protocol Suite defined in RFC 862. It was originally proposed for testing and measurement of round trip times Citation needed date November 2009 in IP networks. A host may connect to a server that supports the Echo Protocol using the Transmission Control Protocol TCP or the User Datagram Protocol UDP on the List of well known ports computing well known port number 7. The server sends back a copy of the identical data it received. Inetd implementation On UNIX like operating systems an echo server is built into the inetd daemon computer software daemon . The echo service is usually not enabled by default. It may be enabled by adding the following lines to the file tt etc inetd.conf tt and telling inetd to reload its configuration echo stream tcp nowait root internal echo dgram udp wait root internal See also List of well known ports computing Discard Protocol Daytime Protocol Character Generator Protocol Time Protocol External links RFC 347 Echo Process RFC 862 Echo Protocol Category Internet protocols Category Application layer protocols cs ECHO protocol da Echo protokol de Echo Netzwerkdienst ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2007 orphan date November 2009 Bonding protocol is a generic name for a method of bonding or aggregation of multiple physical links to form a single logical link. Major categories Asynchronous bonding protocol Synchronous bonding protocol See also Inverse multiplexer Link aggregation DEFAULTSORT Bonding Protocol Category Bonding protocols Telecomm stub ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 Weasel date June 2010 merge to Connectionless communication date February 2011 In telecommunication s, connectionless describes communication between two network end points in which a message can be sent from one end point to another without prior arrangement. The device at one end of the communication transmits data addressed to the other, without first ensuring that the recipient is available and ready to receive the data. Some protocols allow for error correction by requested retransmission. Internet Protocol IP , Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTP and User Datagram Protocol UDP are connectionless protocols. Connectionless protocols are also described as Stateless server stateless because the endpoints have no protocol defined way to remember where they are in a conversation of message exchanges. List of connectionless protocols Hypertext Transfer Protocol Internet Protocol IP internet layer, can also be used for connections User Datagram Protocol UDP Internet Control Message Protocol ICMP Internetwork Packet Exchange IPX TIPC NetBEUI See also Connection oriented protocol DEFAULTSORT Connectionless Protocol Category Network protocols Category Internet architecture Category Internet protocols Compu network stub de Nachrichtenverbindung es Protocolo no orientado a la conexi n ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 A signaling protocol is a type of Communications protocolprotocol used to identify signaling encapsulation networking encapsulation . Signalling telecommunications Signaling is used to identify the state of connection between telephones or VOIP terminals IP telephone or PCs or VoWLAN units . The following is a list of signaling protocols QSIG QSIG Q Signaling protocol H.225.0 Session Initiation Protocol SIP Session Initiation Protocol H.323 H.248 MGCP MGCP Media Gateway Control Protocol Signaling System 7 SS7 Signaling System 7 C7 C5 DTMF DTMF Dual Tone Multi Frequency Multi frequency R1 R2 ISDN ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network NBAP NBAP Node B Application Part Skinny Call Control Protocol SCCP Skinny Call Control Protocol , or Skinny for short DEFAULTSORT Signaling Protocol Category Network protocols Standard stub de Signalisierungsprotokoll mk ru ... more details
orphan date January 2011 Protocol Builder is a tool in some programming language s like C and C to generate code to build Communications protocolprotocol s in a fast and reliable way. Network programming for all kinds of protocols like Transmission Control Protocol TCP , User Datagram Protocol UDP , SNMP ... includes converting data to be transferred to a raw byte s in the sending side and parsing these bytes in the receiving side. Protocol builders facilitate this stage usually by generating the code automatically. Protocol Programming has many components to be developed, these are server listener, server connection, client connection, packets, and loggers, most protocol builders implement these components automatically so developers save time and money. Currently, there are two Protocol Builders in the market, one for C from UpRedSun which is for TCP and UDP protocols. The Second one is for .NET Framework .Net languages which generates the code in C for TCP Protocols, this tool is called .Net Protocol Builder. External links http www.protocol builder.com http www.protocol builder.com http www.upredsun.com http www.upredsun.com Categories Category Computer programming tools ... more details
IPstack The Daytime Protocol is a service in the Internet Protocol Suite , defined in 1983 in RFC 867. It is intended for testing and measurement purposes in computer network s. A host may connect to a server that supports the Daytime Protocol on either Transmission Control Protocol TCP or User Datagram Protocol UDP port 13. The server returns an ASCII character string of the current date and time in an unspecified format. Inetd implementation On UNIX like operating systems a daytime server is usually built into the inetd or xinetd daemon computer software daemon . The service is usually not enabled by default. It may be enabled by adding the following lines to the file tt etc inetd.conf tt and telling inetd to reload its configuration daytime stream tcp nowait root internal daytime dgram udp wait root internal An example output may be Tuesday, February 22, 1982 18 45 59 PST See also List of well known ports computing List of well known ports Echo Protocol Time Protocol Network Time Protocol External links RFC 867 http tf.nist.gov tf cgi servers.cgi List of NIST time servers supporting this protocol Category Network time related software Category Internet protocols Category Application layer protocols de Daytime es Daytime nl Daytime zh DAYTIME ... more details
A routing protocol is a protocol computing protocol that specifies how router s communicate with each ... router has a priori knowledge only of networks attached to it directly. A routing protocol shares ..., see Routing . The term routing protocol may refer specifically to one operating at layer three ... types of routing protocols, three major classes are in widespread use on Internet protocol IP networks Interior gateway protocol Interior gateway routing via link state routing protocol ... gateway protocol Interior gateway routing via path vector protocol path vector or distance vector routing protocol distance vector protocols, such as Routing Information Protocol RIP , Interior Gateway Routing Protocol IGRP and Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol EIGRP Exterior gateway protocol Exterior gateway routing . Border gateway protocol BGP v4 is the routing protocol used by the public ... ftp ftp.rfc editor.org in notes rfc791.txt INTERNET PROTOCOL , RFC 791, J Postel, September 1981 ... Protocol TCP which runs over IP care is taken in the implementation of such systems not to create a circular dependency between the routing and routed protocols. That a routing protocol runs over particular transport mechanism does not mean that the routing protocol is of layer N 1 if the transport ... link layer Open Shortest Path First OSPF , Interior Gateway Routing Protocol IGRP , and Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol EIGRP run directly over IP OSPF and EIGRP have their own reliable transmission mechanism while IGRP assumed an unreliable transport Routing Information Protocol RIP runs over User Datagram Protocol UDP Border Gateway Protocol BGP runs over Transmission Control Protocol TCP Examples Interior routing protocols Interior Gateway Protocols IGPs exchange routing information ... system. Common examples include Interior Gateway Routing Protocol IGRP Interior Gateway Routing Protocol Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol EIGRP Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 In communications, a link protocol is a method and specification for transmission of data from one node on a local network or network link to another node on the same link. Link protocols are commonly categorized according to the data link layer Data Link Layer Layer 2 specification of the OSI model or placed into the more general group of Link layer Link Layer protocols of the Internet protocol suite Internet Protocol Suite . See also Internet protocol suite Internet Protocol Suite Link layer Link Layer Open Systems Interconnection Data link layer Data Link Layer DEFAULTSORT Link Protocol Category Link protocols Category Data transmission Telecomm stub ... more details
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