About the formal concept of computation computation the magazine Computing magazine the scientific journal Computing journal File Babbage Difference Engine Being utilised .jpg thumb 300px A difference engine computing the solution to a polynomial function File Moody Hall computer lab.jpg thumb 250px ... Wikimedia Foundation Wikimedia Server computing server s Computing is usually defined as the activity ... specific part of information technology . Computer science or computing science is the study ... and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems. Computing Curricula 2005 ref name curricula The Joint Task Force for Computing Curricula 2005. http www.acm.org education curric vols CC2005 March06Final.pdf Computing Curricula 2005 The Overview Report pdf ref defined computing as blockquote In a general way, we can define computing to mean any goal oriented activity requiring, benefiting from, or creating computers. Thus, computing includes designing and building hardware ... are vast. blockquote A computer is a machine that manipulates Data computing data according to a set ... computing executable form that the computer can use directly to execute the instructions. The same ... processing unit type. The execution process computing process carries out the instructions in a computer ... . Definitions The term computing has sometimes been narrowly defined, as in a 1989 Association for Computing Machinery ACM report on Computing as a Discipline ref http cs.gmu.edu cne pjd GP CompDisc.pdf Computing as a Discipline pdf ref blockquote The discipline of computing is the systematic ..., efficiency, implementation, and application. The fundamental question underlying all computing is What can be efficiently automated? blockquote Computing Curricula 2005 ref name curricula also recognizes that the meaning of computing depends on the context blockquote Computing also has other meanings ... systems specialist will view computing somewhat differently from a software engineer. Regardless ... more details
Protocol may refer to Protocol diplomacy , the etiquette of diplomacy and affairs of state Protocol politics , a formal agreement between nation states Protocol, a.k.a. etiquette Medical guideline Clinical protocol , another word for medical guidelines Research methods Protocol natural sciences Clinical trial protocol Voice procedure a protocol for voice communications Protocol object oriented programming , a common means for unrelated objects to communicate with each other Communications protocol , a set of rules & regulations that determine how data is transmitted in telecommunications and computer networking Protocol band , British Protocol film Protocol film , a 1984 comedy film Protocol album Protocol album , the d but album EP from Simon Phillips See also List of network protocols The Protocols of the Elders of Zion Mission Impossible 4 Ghost Protocol disambiguation ar bg ca Protocol cs Protokol da Protokol de Protokoll Begriffskl rung es Protocolo eo Protokolo fr Protocole gl Protocolo ja ko io Protokolo it Protocollo he lt Protokolas reik m s hu Protokoll egy rtelm s t lap no Protokoll pl Protok pt Protocolo ru sk Protokol sl Protokol ckb sv Protokoll uk ur ... more details
about the computing abbreviation MXP other uses of MXP MXP disambiguation In computing , MXP stands for MUD eXtension Protocol. It is used in Multi User Dungeon MUD s to enhance the normal text output with a markup language loosely based on HTML and XML . In order for MXP to be used it must be implemented on the server as well as on the client, and negotiated during the connection using the telnet protocol. The protocol is maintained by Zugg Software, though they have released the copyright to the public domain ref cite web author Zugg Software url http www.zuggsoft.com zmud mxp.htm title MUD eXtension Protocol publisher Zugg Software date 2003 03 12 accessdate 2008 08 10 ref . References reflist External links http www.zuggsoft.com zmud mxp.htm MUD eXtension Protocol the MXP protocol specification markup languages stub MUD stub MUDs Category Markup languages Category MUD clients pl MXP ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2009 A free protocol is a Protocolcomputingprotocol whose full specification is freely available and for which there are no restrictions e.g. legal or technical on its use. Users may design and use variations that suit their needs, and contribute enhancements for potential incorporation into the next official version of the protocol. A free software reference implementation must be available. Free protocol are important for interoperability and choice of software. Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol XMPP is a free protocol. See also Portal Free software open standard free file format DEFAULTSORT Free Protocol Category Libre Category Data transmission Category Network protocols Software type stub ... more details
A population protocol is a distributed computing model formed by resource limited mobile agents which meet in a random way according to an interaction graph . Functions are computed by updating the state of agents whenever they meet based on the previous value of the states, and the result of the computation can be read in the states of the agents once the computation has convergence mathematics converged . Parallel computing DEFAULTSORT Population protocol Category Distributed computing computer stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 The MOSI protocol is an extension of the basic MSI protocol MSI cache coherency Protocolcomputingprotocol . It adds the O wned state, which indicates that the current processor owns this block, and will service requests from other processors for the block. For any given pair of caches, the permitted states of a given cache line are as follows class wikitable style text align center M O S I M N N N Y O N N Y Y S N Y Y Y I Y Y Y Y See also Coherence protocol MSI protocol MESI protocol MOESI protocol DEFAULTSORT Mosi Protocol Category Cache coherency Compu stub ... more details
IPstack The Echo Protocol is a service in the Internet Protocol Suite defined in RFC 862. It was originally proposed for testing and measurement of round trip times Citation needed date November 2009 in IP networks. A host may connect to a server that supports the Echo Protocol using the Transmission Control Protocol TCP or the User Datagram Protocol UDP on the List of well known ports computing well known port number 7. The server sends back an identical copy of the data it received. Inetd implementation On UNIX like operating systems an echo server is built into the inetd daemon computer software daemon . The echo service is usually not enabled by default. It may be enabled by adding the following lines to the file tt etc inetd.conf tt and telling inetd to reload its configuration echo stream tcp nowait root internal echo dgram udp wait root internal See also List of well known ports computing Discard Protocol Daytime Protocol Character Generator Protocol Time Protocol External links RFC 347 Echo Process RFC 862 Echo Protocol Category Internet protocols Category Application layer protocols cs ECHO protocol da Echo protokol de Echo Netzwerkdienst ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 A rendezvous protocol is a protocolcomputing computer network protocol that enables resources or Peer to peer p2p network peers to find each other. Examples of rendezvous protocols include Sun Microsystems JXTA , Session Initiation Protocol SIP , Freenet Project , I2P , and such protocols generally involve NAT hole punching . Because of Firewall computing firewall network address translation issues, rendezvous protocols generally require that there be at least one unblocked and un NATed servers that lets the peers locate each other and initiate concurrent packet information technology packet s at each other. internet stub network software stub Category File sharing networks ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 The Fast Local Internet Protocol is a Suite of Internet Protocols, which provide Transparency computing transparency , security and network management. Tanenbaum et al., Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam See also portalbox Computer networking Computer Science Amoeba distributed operating system DEFAULTSORT Flip Fast Local Internet Protocol Category Internet protocols Compu network stub de Fast Local Internet Protocol ja Amoeba Fast Local Internet Protocol pl Fast Local Internet Protocol pt FLIP ... more details
IPstack See Wiktionary the Internet protocol named DISCARD discard The Discard Protocol is a service in the Internet Protocol Suite defined in RFC 863. It is intended for testing, debugging, and measurement purposes. A host may send data to a host that supports the Discard Protocol on either Transmission Control Protocol TCP or User Datagram Protocol UDP port number 9. The data sent to the server is simply discarded. No response is returned. Inetd implementation On most UNIX like operating systems a discard server is built into the inetd or xinetd daemon computer software daemon . The discard service is usually not enabled by default. It may be enabled by adding the following lines to the file tt etc inetd.conf tt and reloading the configuration discard stream tcp nowait root internal discard dgram udp wait root internal The Discard Protocol is the TCP UDP equivalent of the Unix filesystem node dev null . Such a service is guaranteed to receive what is sent to it and can be used for debugging TCP and or UDP code requiring a guaranteed reception of payload sent. See also List of well known ports computing List of well known ports Echo Protocol Daytime Protocol Character Generator Protocol Time Protocol External links RFC 348, The Discard process RFC 863, The Discard protocol Category Internet protocols Category Application layer protocols ... more details
Protocol overhead refers to metadata and network routing information sent by an computer application application , which uses a portion of the available Bandwidth computing bandwidth of a communications protocol . This extra data, making up the protocol headers and application specific information is referred to as overhead, since it does not contribute to the content of the message. Protocol overhead can be expressed as a percentage of non application byte s protocol and frame synchronization divided by the total number of bytes in the message. References http msdn2.microsoft.com en us library ms997599.aspx Common Performance Issues in Network Applications Part 1 Interactive Applications , Windows XP Technical Articles, Microsoft http www.sonic.net support docs ip atm.overhead.pdf Protocol Overhead in IP ATM Networks , Minnesota Supercomputer Center DEFAULTSORT Protocol Overhead Category Computer networking Compu network stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date November 2006 Context date October 2009 Interaction protocols are possible communication scenarios between individual agents in multi agent system s. FIPA defines markup computing markup for interaction protocol computing protocol diagrams and several standard interaction protocols, including Dutch auction , English auction and reply response. DEFAULTSORT Interaction Protocol Category Data interchange standards Category Markup languages Comp sci stub Compu stub should be in a more specific category ... more details
. Features Ettercap supports active and passive dissection of many protocolcomputing protocols ... security tool for man in the middle attack s on LAN . It can be used for computer network protocol ... Resolution Protocol ARP based uses ARP poisoning to sniff on a switched LAN between two hosts full ... into an established connection characters can be injected into a server computing server emulating commands or to a client computing client emulating replies while maintaining a live connection ... computing router , and perform a man in the middle attack on it. Plug in support creation of custom ... , File Transfer Protocol FTP , Post Office Protocol POP , IMAP , rlogin , Secure Shell SSH1 , ICQ , Server Message Block SMB , MySQL , Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTP , Network News Transfer Protocol NNTP , X Window System X11 , Napster , Internet Relay Chat IRC , Routing Information Protocol RIP , Border Gateway Protocol BGP , SOCKS SOCKS 5 , Internet Message Access Protocol IMAP 4 , Virtual Network Computing VNC , Lightweight Directory Access Protocol LDAP , Network File System protocol NFS , Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP , Half Life video game Half Life , Quake III Arena Quake 3 , MSN Messenger MSN , Yahoo Messenger Protocol YMSG Packet filtering dropping setting up a filter that searches for a particular string or hexadecimal sequence in the Transmission Control Protocol TCP or User Datagram Protocol UDP payload and replaces it with a custom string sequence of choice, or drops ... gateway computer networking gateway , router computing router or simple personal computer PC ... DEFAULTSORT Ettercap Computing Category Network analyzers Category Unix network related software ... more details
IPstack The Time Protocol is a network protocol in the Internet Protocol Suite defined in 1983 in RFC 868. Its purpose is to provide a site independent, machine readable date and time. The Time Protocol may be implemented over the Transmission Control Protocol TCP or the User Datagram Protocol UDP . A host connects to a server that supports the Time Protocol on port 37. The server then sends the time as a 32 bit unsigned integer in binary format and in network byte order , representing the number of seconds since 00 00 midnight 1 January, 1900 GMT, and closes the connection. Operation over UDP requires the sending of any datagram to the server port, as there is no connection setup for UDP. The Time Protocol is used by the rdate command, available on most Unix like operating systems. The functionality of the Time Protocol has been superseded by the Network Time Protocol NTP . Inetd implementation On most UNIX like operating systems a Time Protocol server is built into the inetd or xinetd daemon computer software daemon . The service is usually not enabled by default. It may be enabled by adding the following lines to the file tt etc inetd.conf tt time stream tcp nowait root internal time dgram udp wait root internal and reloading the configuration. See also List of well known ports computing Echo Protocol Discard Protocol Daytime Protocol Character Generator Protocol rdate , a tool for querying the current time from a network server External links http www.clevervest.com htp clevervest.com HTTP Time Protocol http freestone group.com fg time sync.htm freestone group.com FG Time Sync Category Network time related software Category Internet protocols Category Application layer protocols fr Time Protocol simple TIME protocol zh ... more details
Koyo DirectNET protocol is used by Direct Logic PLCs from Automation Direct and is used in APS vacuum controls since 1999. It is a master slave protocol making use of RS232 or RS422 physical layers with a baud rate from 300 to 38,400. It is designed to drive a maximum of 90 PLCs on a serial line. External links http support.automationdirect.com docs an misc 029.pdf Protocol Message Format http www.thomasstover.com ladtools index.html LGPL DirectNET Protocol implementation for Linux and other Posix systems. List of Automation Protocols Category Automation Category Industrial computing Category Serial buses Category Industrial automation ... more details
IPstack The Daytime Protocol is a service in the Internet Protocol Suite , defined in 1983 in RFC 867. It is intended for testing and measurement purposes in computer network s. A host may connect to a server that supports the Daytime Protocol on either Transmission Control Protocol TCP or User Datagram Protocol UDP port 13. The server returns an ASCII character string of the current date and time in an unspecified format. Inetd implementation On UNIX like operating systems a daytime server is usually built into the inetd or xinetd daemon computer software daemon . The service is usually not enabled by default. It may be enabled by adding the following lines to the file tt etc inetd.conf tt and telling inetd to reload its configuration daytime stream tcp nowait root internal daytime dgram udp wait root internal An example output may be Tuesday, February 22, 1982 18 45 59 PST See also List of well known ports computing List of well known ports Echo Protocol Time Protocol Network Time Protocol External links RFC 867 http tf.nist.gov tf cgi servers.cgi List of NIST time servers supporting this protocol Category Network time related software Category Internet protocols Category Application layer protocols de Daytime es Daytime nl Daytime zh DAYTIME ... more details
A routing protocol is a protocolcomputingprotocol that specifies how Router computing router s communicate ... protocol shares this information first among immediate neighbors, and then throughout the network ... behind routing protocols, see Routing . The term routing protocol may refer specifically to one operating ... on Internet protocol IP networks Interior gateway protocol Interior gateway routing via link state routing protocol s, such as Open Shortest Path First OSPF and Intermediate system to intermediate system IS IS Interior gateway protocol Interior gateway routing via path vector protocol path vector or distance vector routing protocol distance vector protocols, such as Routing Information Protocol RIP , Interior Gateway Routing Protocol IGRP and Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol EIGRP Exterior gateway protocol Exterior gateway routing . Border gateway protocol BGP v4 is the routing protocol ... RFCs . ref ftp ftp.rfc editor.org in notes rfc791.txt INTERNET PROTOCOL , RFC 791, J Postel ... converge how well they scale computing scale up many other factors Routed versus routing protocols A routed protocol can be routed by a router, i.e., it can be forwarded from one router to another. A routing protocol sends and receives packets containing routing information to and from other routers ... Transmission Control Protocol TCP which runs over IP care is taken in the implementation of such systems ... protocol runs over particular transport mechanism does not mean that the routing protocol is of layer ... IS IS runs over the data link layer Open Shortest Path First OSPF , Interior Gateway Routing Protocol IGRP , and Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol EIGRP run directly over IP OSPF and EIGRP ... Protocol RIP runs over User Datagram Protocol UDP Border Gateway Protocol BGP runs over Transmission Control Protocol TCP Examples Interior routing protocols Interior Gateway Protocols IGPs ... participating autonomous system. Common examples include Interior Gateway Routing Protocol IGRP ... more details
School of Computing may refer to School of Computing Robert Gordon University DIT School of Computing NUS School of Computing disambig ... more details
web title Continuous Computing Announces Trillium 3G 4G Wireless Protocol Software Upgrades date 2008 12 05 url http www.3g.co.uk PR Feb2008 5709.htm ref Continuous Computing also announced in February .... ref name continuous Primary Products Continuous Computing s Trillium protocol software product ...pov check date September 2009 Infobox Company company name Continuous Computing logo File Cc logo PMS.gif ... , embedded computer products homepage http ccpu.com ccpu.com Founded in 1998, Continuous Computing ... and Trillium digital systems Trillium software, including protocol software stacks for femtocells ... and Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture ATCA hardware components, as well as professional services. Continuous Computing s Trillium software addresses LTE Femtocells Home eNodeB ... In February 2003, Continuous Computing acquired Trillium digital systems Trillium Digital Systems intellectual ... 2004, Continuous Computing expanded with the opening of a major software development center in Bangalore ... the security and wireless core vertical telecom markets. In February 2008, Continuous Computing announced the availability of its upgraded Trillium 3G 4G Wireless protocol software for comprehensive ... with a reference design. ref Cite web title Femto glue Continuous Computing and picoChip partner ... 3942 ref In February 2009, Continuous Computing announced its new Solutions & Services business practice ... 2009 Continuous Computing teamed with Texas Instruments to offer complete HSPA and LTE enterprise ... Cite web title Continuous Computing Offers Hand to Network Vendors author Monica Alleven date 2009 02 09 url http www.wirelessweek.com News 2009 02 Continuous Computing Offers Hand to Network Vendors ..., LTE 3G Wireless, IP Multimedia Subsystem IMS and NGN Voice over Internet Protocol VoIP ... ref The AdvancedTCA ATCA product family from Continuous Computing combines packet based, redundant ... Newsletters 2009 Articles 200902 Article MikeCoward.html ref FlexTCA is a Continuous Computing product ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Camping is the act of, once connected to some types of Server computing server , remaining connected if not active on that server. The purpose of this type of camping is usually malicious. For example, if a public File Transfer Protocol FTP server allows only 5 users to be connected at any given time, a group of five people camping on this server denies access to all others attempting to download or upload from the server. Many commercial servers have protections against such activity, including the ability to detect and ban idle users after predetermined amounts of time. This is not to be confused with Camping computer gaming camping in computer games . unreferenced date May 2008 internet stub Category Servers ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 The swIPe IP Security Protocol swIPe is an experimental Internet Protocol IP security Protocolcomputingprotocol that was specified in 1993. It operates at the Internet Layer of the Internet Protocol Suite . Purpose swIPe provides confidentiality, integrity, and authentication of network traffic, and can be used to provide both end to end and intermediate hop security. swIPe is concerned only with security mechanisms. The protocol does not handle policy and key management, which are handled outside the protocol. It works by augmenting each packet with a cryptographically strong authenticator and or encrypting the data to be sent. ref name draft cite news url http www.crypto.com papers swipe.id.txt title The swIPe IP Security Protocol INTERNET DRAFT date december 1993 author John Ioannidis and Matt Blaze publisher Columbia University and AT&T Bell Labs ref Protocol description swIPe encapsulates each IP datagram to be secured inside a swIPe packet. ref name draft A swIPe packet is an IP packet of protocol type 53. ref cite web url http www.iana.org assignments protocol numbers publisher Internet Assigned Numbers Authority IANA title Assigned Internet Protocol Numbers ref ref cite news title RFC5237 publisher Internet Engineering Task Force IETF url http rfc.net rfc5237.html ref A swIPe packet starts with a header, which contains identifying data and authentication information the header is followed by the original IP datagram, which in turn is followed by any padding required by the security processing. Depending on the negotiated policy, the sensitive part of the swIPe packet the authentication information and the original IP datagram may be encrypted. ref name draft Cisco routers and switches running IOS have been found vulnerable to Denial of Service DoS attacks which may result from processing packets with IP Protocol 53. ref http www.cisco.com en US products products security advisory09186a00801a34c2.shtml Security advisory for Cisco products ... more details
Unreferenced date June 2009 In telephony , a functional protocol is a type of Protocolcomputingprotocol that is used to carry signaling messages between end points. Such a protocol is used to control the operation of devices at each end of the link. The adjective functional is used to describe protocols that are aware of the system state of the endpoints. Session Initiation Protocol SIP is a currently popular protocol for Voice over IP VoIP and other applications. Functional protocols, with their awareness of system state, are becoming more popular since they fit the current technology ethos by taking the intelligence of the network to the periphery. They rely on the capability of intelligent end points. This expectation is compatible with the current technological and economic reality of silicon integration. Functional protocols are the hallmark of the dumb network architecture that marks the Internet. Functional protocols allow the customization of applications to end user preferences. This should be contrasted with stimulus protocol such as MiNET which carry only event data and are not aware of system state. As a result, stimulus protocols were commonly used in traditional telephony architectures that relied on centralized call control . With centralization, stimulus protocols allow for more complex and reliable operation than functional because they offer standardized feature sets whose development costs can be amortized over a large number of users. Category Telephony ... more details
Context date October 2009 Centralized computing is computing done at a central location, using Computer terminal terminals that are attached to a central computer. The computer itself may control all the peripheral ... client s, for example. It offers greater security over Decentralized computing decentralized systems because all of the Process computing processing is controlled in a central location. In addition, if one ... happened. This type of arrangement does have some disadvantages. The central computer performs the computing ... computer. Should the central computer crash computing crash , the entire system will go down i.e. will be unavailable . Another disadvantage is that central computing relies heavily on the quality ... needs is one of the key advantages to centralized computing. History The very first computers did ... large amounts of floor space. The idea of centralized computing was born. Early text terminal ... in 20th century televisions and computers . The text terminal model dominated computing from ... status As of 2007, centralized computing is now coming back into fashion to a certain extent ... web application s are becoming more popular because they can potentially be used on many types of computing ... like diskless workstation s due to increased computing power, and web applications start to do more ... front ends such as web application s or in the case of automated access Communications protocol ... model partway between centralized computing and conventional desktop computing, in which some applications ... software on a standard desktop computer . Hosted computing model A relatively new method of centralized computing, hosted computing , solves many of the problems associated with traditional distributed computing systems. By centralizing processing and storage on powerful server hardware located ... Multiseat Thin client Computer terminal References reflist 2 Category Centralized computing Category Cloud computing es Computaci n centralizada ru ... more details
Macintosh Macintosh . RFB is the protocol used in Virtual Network Computing VNC and its derivatives ... Computing Category Application layer protocols cs RFB de Remote Framebuffer Protocol fr Remote ...Other uses of RFB RFB disambiguation RFB remote framebuffer is a simple Communications protocolprotocol ... RFB started as a relatively simple protocol it has been enhanced with additional features such as file ... has been a free protocol which anybody can use. When ORL was closed in 2002 some of the key people ... protocol. The current RFB protocol is published on the RealVNC website. Protocol versions Published versions of the RFB protocol are as follows class wikitable Version Published Date Specification RFB 3.3 ORL January 1998 http grox.net doc apps vnc rfbproto.pdf The Remote Framebuffer Protocol 3.3 ... rfbproto.pdf The Remote Framebuffer Protocol 3.7 RFB 3.8 current RealVNC Ltd June 2007 http www.realvnc.com docs rfbproto.pdf The Remote Framebuffer Protocol 3.8 Developers are free to add additional ... of the protocol so that the numbers do not clash. Clashing type numbers would cause confusion ... and security types is maintained by RealVNC Ltd and is separate from the protocol specification ... of the RFB protocol specification which aims to document all existing extensions is hosted by the TigerVNC ... EnableKeepAlive UltraVNC br 0xFFFF8002 FTProtocolVersion File Transfer Protocol Version UltraVNC br ... to transfer text outside the Latin 1 character set . The VNC protocol is pixel based. Although ... such as Remote Desktop Protocol RDP . Those protocols send graphic primitives or high level commands ... Network Computing Comparison of remote desktop software X Window System External links http www.realvnc.com docs rfbproto.pdf The RFB Protocol Version 3.8 2009 11 24 http web.archive.org web 20040325204925 http www.realvnc.com docs rfbproto.pdf The RFB Protocol Version 3.7 2003 08 12 http grox.net doc apps vnc rfbproto.pdf The RFB Protocol Version 3.3 1998 01 http tigervnc.com cgi bin rfbproto ... more details
Salutation in computing is a wikt technique technique for service discovery and service management . See also Service Location Protocol Zero Configuration Networking Zeroconf OSGi Alliance JINI Jini Universal Plug and Play UPnP Bluetooth References Golden G. Richard cite Service and Device Discovery Protocols and Programming cite , McGraw Hill Professional, ISBN 0 07 137959 2 External links http salutation.org The Salutation Consortium The Salutation Consortium was disbanded on 30 June 2005 http web.archive.org web 20050627074915 http www.salutation.org http salutation.org faqs.htm Frequently Asked Questions Note The Salutation Consortium web page has been unreachable for some time. http comnews.com stories articles c0900guest.htm Let s communicate http www.cswl.com whitepapers upnp devices.html technique comparison http citeseer.nj.nec.com context 1174778 0 Mapping Salutation Architecture APIs to Bluetooth Service Discovery Layer http citeseer.org cs?q Salutation Citations from CiteSeer Category Network management compu stub ... more details
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