. ref name ebo2009 EBO 2009 ref Characteristics and origin Protacanthopterygii contains a number of moderately ... ebo2009 Systematics As mentioned initially, one of the closest relatives of the Protacanthopterygii ... suborder s do not seem to be particularly closely related among the Protacanthopterygii. The resultant ... related to the traditional Protacanthopterygii as to be included therein. Alternatively, the unranked ... up the Protacanthopterygii lest they become paraphyletic . Thus, up to seven orders might be included here ref Nelson 2006 pp.189 207, Diogo 2008 , Myers et al. 2008 , Wikispecies 2009 SEP 27 ref Protacanthopterygii ... be an invalid paraphyletic assemblage of ancient Teleostei , and in part may indeed belong in the Protacanthopterygii ... aut Encyclop dia Britannica Online EBO 2009 Annotated classification &ndash Superorder Protacanthopterygii ... Protacanthopterygii aut Nelson, Joseph S. 2006 Fishes of the World 4th ed. . John Wiley & Sons ... 28. Category Ray finned fish ar ca Protacantopterigi de Protacanthopterygii es Protacanthopterygii fr Protacanthopterygii gl Protacantopterixios ko is Frumbroddgeislungar mk Protacanthopterygii nl Zalmachtigen ja oc Protacanthopterygii pl Przedkolcop etwe pt Protacanthopterygii ... more details
Protacanthopterygii , but plesiomorphic traits are no reliable indicator of a close relationship. Nonwithstanding, the Stenopterygii appear to be close relatives of the Protacanthopterygii. Some cladistic ... in the Protacanthopterygii. An alternative approach is to consider the entire group &ndash Stenopterygii , Protacanthopterygii, the monotypic superorders Cyclosquamata , and perhaps the monotypic superorders ... probably require splitting up the Protacanthopterygii, so that each euteleost superorder would at most ..., a possible solution would be to expand the Protacanthopterygii to subsume all the small superorders , and to treat the Euteleostei as including the Protacanthopterygii and their more modern relatives ... more details
actually be the most basal evolution basal lineage of the living Protacanthopterygii. If this is so ... in the Protacanthopterygii, or &ndash if the unranked clade name Euteleostei is used for this entire group &ndash restricting the Protacanthopterygii to the Osmeriformes and either Esociformes ... more details
Taxobox fossil range Fossilrange 83.5 70.6 Late Cretaceous ref name PbDbCimolichys http paleodb.org cgi bin bridge.pl?action checkTaxonInfo&taxon no 35559&is real user 1 ref image Cimolichthys nepaholica DMNHS54M 01.jpg image width 250px image caption Cimolichthys nepaholica specimen, Denver museum. regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata classis Actinopterygii superordo Protacanthopterygii ordo Salmoniformes familia Enchodontidae ref name PbDbCimolichys genus Cimolichthys genus authority Leidy, 1857 subdivision ranks Species subdivision C. anceps Cope, 1872 C. nepaholica Cope, 1872 C. gladiolus Cope, 1872 C. levesiensis Leidy, 1857 C. semianceps Cope, 1872 C. sulcatus Cope, 1872 Cimolichthys is an extinct genus of predatory salmoniformes salmonid fish from the Late Cretaceous of North America and Europe . ref name Oceans01 http www.oceansofkansas.com Cimolich.html ref References Reflist portal Paleontology Category Salmoniformes Category Cretaceous fish Category Prehistoric bony fish Category Prehistoric fish of North America paleo rayfinned fish stub Salmoniformes stub ... more details
italictitle Taxobox image Ctenothrissa vexillifer.JPG image caption Ctenothrissa vexillifer fossil range fossilrange Time domain Eukaryota regnum Animalia subregnum Eumetazoa superphylum Deuterostomia phylum Chordata subphylum Vertebrata infraphylum Gnathostomata superclassis Osteichthyes classis Actinopterygii subclassis Neopterygii infraclassis Teleostei ordo Ctenothrissiformes small disputed small genus Ctenothrissa species binomial binomial authority Ctenothrissa is a prehistoric genus of ray finned fish in the supposed order biology order Ctenothrissiformes . These Teleostei are only known from fossil s. While they are sometimes included in the superorder Acanthopterygii or Protacanthopterygii , this is neither well supported, nor is the monophyly of the Ctenothrissiformes robustly established. Indeed, it is quite likely that the supposed order is a paraphyletic assemblage of ancient moderately advanced Teleostei. ref Taylor 2009 ref See also Portal box Fish Paleontology Prehistoric fish List of prehistoric bony fish Footnotes Reflist References aut Taylor, Christopher 2009 Catalogue of Organisms &ndash http catalogue of organisms.blogspot.com 2009 01 living larvae and fossil fish.html Living Larvae and Fossil Fish . Version of 2009 FEB 05. Retrieved 2009 SEP 28. Category Prehistoric bony fish paleo bony fish stub ... more details
Protacanthopterygii Order Argentiniformes , including the barreleye s and slickhead s formerly ... in Protacanthopterygii Order Ateleopodiformes , the jellynose fish Order Stomiiformes , including the bristlemouth s and marine hatchetfish es Superorder Cyclosquamata may belong in Protacanthopterygii ... more details
Taxobox name Esociformes image Esox lucius1.jpg image width 250px image caption Northern pike Esox lucius regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Actinopterygii superordo Protacanthopterygii ordo Esociformes subdivision ranks Families subdivision Esocidae pike fish pikes br Umbridae mudminnow s Esociformes is a small order of Actinopterygii ray finned fish , with two families, the Umbridae mudminnows and the Esocidae pikes . The pikes of genus Esox give the order its name. There are ten species five in each family. This order is closely related to the Salmoniformes , the two comprising the superorder Protacanthopterygii , and are often included in their order. The esociform fishes first appeared in the mid Cretaceous early products of the Euteleost radiation of that time. Today they are found only in fresh water in North America and the northern Eurasia n regions. Pikes The pikes tend to be lie in wait, ambush predator s, with elongated snouts, long, well muscled torsos, forked tails, and dorsal and anal fins set well back and opposite each other for rapid acceleration along a straight line, allowing the fish to quickly emerge from cover to capture its prey. Prey capture is facilitated by the impaling of the prey animal on the sharp teeth, after which the pike retreats to cover, turns the prey around, and swallows it, head first. Anatomically, the pikes are characterized by the presence of shark like, maxillary teeth, a mesocoracoid, and the absence of an adipose fin, breeding tubercules, and pyloric cecae. The two more prominent species of Esocidae are Esox lucius, or the northern pike , a popular sport fish that may reach lengths as great as a meter and a half, and the muskie, E. masquinongy , which grows even larger. Mudminnows Mudminnows are much smaller than their pike cousins, with usual lengths of less than 20 cm. However, they are also extremely efficient, lie in wait, ambush predators, feeding mostly on the sorts of invertebrates commonly found in ... more details
are found among the superorder Protacanthopterygii, and that the former would need to be merged in the latter. In some classifications, the Stenopterygii are kept separate but included with the Protacanthopterygii .... That would probably require splitting two additional monotypic superorders out of the Protacanthopterygii ... at all, and regardless whether one calls them Protacanthopterygii sensu lato or Euteleostei, the phylogeny ... more details
Siluriformes , the catfish es Superorder Protacanthopterygii Order Argentiniformes , including the barreleye ... s Superorder Stenopterygii may belong in Protacanthopterygii Order Ateleopodiformes , the jellynose ... may belong in Protacanthopterygii Order Aulopiformes , including the Bombay duck and lancetfish ... more details
an adipose fin as is often found in the Protacanthopterygii . Their pterosphenoid usually has a ventral .... Their placement in the Protacanthopterygii is not entirely clear, but may well be the closest living ... that the superorder Stenopterygii ought to be included in the Protacanthopterygii, rather than ... more details
living relatives of the Stenopterygii are found among the superorder Protacanthopterygii , and that the former ... are kept separate but included with the Protacanthopterygii and the monotypic superorder Cyclosquamata ... superorders out of the Protacanthopterygii, and thus result in a profusion of very small taxa ... appear to be quite close to the Protacanthopterygii indeed. The relationships of these &ndash ... them Protacanthopterygii sensu lato or Euteleostei, the phylogeny of this group of moderately advanced ... more details
Siluriformes , the catfish es Superorder Protacanthopterygii Order Argentiniformes , including the barreleye ... s Superorder Stenopterygii may belong in Protacanthopterygii Order Ateleopodiformes , the jellynose ... may belong in Protacanthopterygii Order Aulopiformes , including the Bombay duck and lancetfish ... more details
the superorder Protacanthopterygii , and that the former would need to be merged in the latter. In some classifications, the Stenopterygii are kept separate but included with the Protacanthopterygii ... require splitting two additional monotypic superorders out of the Protacanthopterygii, and thus ... in a monotypic superorder Cyclosquamata but also appear to be quite close to the Protacanthopterygii ... resolved at all, and regardless whether one calls them Protacanthopterygii sensu lato or Euteleostei ... more details
Stenopterygii , the grinners appear to be so closely related to some Protacanthopterygii to be included ... clade named Euteleostei, but in that case the Protacanthopterygii would need to be split further to account ... of an adipose fin which is also typical for the Protacanthopterygii . ref FishBase 2000 ... which was allied with various Protacanthopterygii sensu lato . But the initial assessment ... more details
A hypervariable region HVR is a location within nuclear DNA or the D loop of mitochondrial DNA in which base pair s of nucleotide s repeat in the case of nuclear DNA or have substitutions in the case of mitochondrial DNA . Changes or repeats in the hypervariable region are highly Polymorphism biology polymorphic . Nuclear Expand section date September 2011 Mitochondrial There are two mitochondrial hypervariable regions used in human mitochondrial genealogical DNA test ing. HVR1 is considered a low resolution region and HVR2 is considered a high resolution region. Getting HVR1 and HVR2 DNA tests can help determine one s Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup haplogroup . HVR1 locations are numbered 16001 16568. HVR2 locations are numbered 001 574. In some bony fish es, for example certain Protacanthopterygii and Gadidae , the mtDNA control region mitochondrial control region evolves remarkably slowly. Even functional mitochondrial gene s accumulate mutations faster and more freely. It is not known whether such hypovariable control regions are more widespread. In the Ayu Plecoglossus altivelis , an East Asia n protacanthopterygian, control region mutation rate is not markedly lowered, but sequence differences between subspecies are far lower in the control region than elsewhere. This phenomenon completely defies explanation at present. ref Takeshima, Hirohiko Iguchi, Kei ichiro & Nishida, Mutsumi 2005 Unexpected Ceiling of Genetic Differentiation in the Control Region of the Mitochondrial DNA between Different Subspecies of the Ayu Plecoglossus altivelis . Zoological Science Zool. Sci. 22 4 401 410. small doi 10.2108 zsj.22.401 small HTML abstract ref Antibodies further Complementarity determining region Framework region In antibodies , hypervariable regions form the antigen binding site and are found on both Immunoglobulin light chain light and heavy chain s. ref name Antibody cite web url http books.google.com books?id U4TZd8jgSIkC&pg RA1 PA245&dq Hypervariable region a ... more details
Taxobox name Mudminnows image U limi.jpg image width 250px image caption Umbra limi, font size 2 Photograph by Konrad P. Schmidt, University of Minnesota font regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Actinopterygii superordo Protacanthopterygii ordo Esociformes familia Umbridae subdivision ranks Genera subdivision Dallia br Novumbra hubbsi Novumbra br Umbra genus Umbra Umbridae mudminnows are a family of Actinopterygii , ray finned fish, that inhabit freshwater environments in temperate regions across the northern hemisphere. They are generally small fish, with the largest species reaching convert 33 cm in in length, and most less than half that. ref name FB Species There are seven species of mudminnow, grouped into three genera ref name FB FishBase family family Umbridae year 2008 month December ref Family Umbridae Genus Dallia Dallia admirabilis Dallia delicatissima Dallia pectoralis Alaska blackfish Genus Novumbra Novumbra hubbsi Olympic mudminnow Genus Umbra genus Umbra Umbra krameri European mudminnow Umbra limi Central mudminnow Umbra pygmaea Eastern mudminnow Distribution The genus Umbra contains three species the eastern mudminnow Umbra pygmaea , the central mudminnow U. limi , Kirtland 1840 ref General College and James Ford Bell Museum of Natural History University of Minnesota , Minneapolis St. Paul, 23 October 2002 ref ref Appendix B. Description of the Connecticut River Basin, Table 3. Fishes Within the Connecticut River Basin. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ref , and the European mudminnow U. krameri . The eastern mudminnow U. pygmaea can be found across the eastern United States and south eastern Canada . The central mudminnow U. limi ranges throughout the Great Lakes region and Mississippi river basin of North America . The European mudminnow U. krameri can be found in the Danube and Dniester river basins of Europe. ref Kottelat, M., 1997. European freshwater fishes. Biologia 52, Suppl. 5 1 271. ref Umbra spp. are most commonly found in the ... more details
About the fish Taxobox name Ayu, Sweetfish image Sweetfish, Plecoglossus altivelis.jpg image width 260px status NE status system iucn3.1 regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata superclassis Osteichthyes classis Actinopterygii subclassis Neopterygii infraclassis Teleostei superordo Protacanthopterygii ordo Osmeriformes subordo Osmeroidei superfamilia Osmeroidea familia Plecoglossidae familia authority genus Plecoglossus genus authority Coenraad Jacob Temminck Temminck & Hermann Schlegel Schlegel , 1846 Verify source date January 2008 see at binomial authority species P. altivelis binomial Plecoglossus altivelis binomial authority Temminck & Schlegel, 1846 Verify source date January 2008 was it really placed in another genuf first and revised to a monotypic genus less rhan 12 months later by the same authors? The nihongo ayu , , , or sweetfish , Plecoglossus altivelis , is an fish migration amphidromous fish , the only species in the genus Plecoglossus and in family biology family Plecoglossidae . It is a relative of the smelts and is placed in the order biology order Osmeriformes . Native to the Palearctic ecozone , it occurs in rivers, lakes, and coastal waters of western Hokkaid in Japan southward to the Korea n Peninsula, China , Taiwan and Hong Kong . The name sweetfish is due to the sweetness of its flesh. In reference to its typical one year life span, it is also written as nihongo2 year fish . The ayu is Gunma Prefecture s prefectural fish. Taxonomy and nomenclature Empty section date March 2010 Ecology and uses Image Ayu no Shioyaki.jpg left thumb 200px Ayu no shio yaki br Ayu grilled with salt Image Charcoal broiled Ayu.JPG left thumb 200px Ayu being grilled with salt in Japan An omnivore , the ayu feeds on alga e, crustacean s, insect s, sea sponge sponge s, and worm s. They are also very territorial animals. The adults ascend from coastal waters into the lower reaches of rivers to spawn in the spring. The larva e descend to the sea immediately o ... more details
considered to be closer or even among the Protacanthopterygii , one of the core groups of moderately ... of the Euteleostei Protacanthopterygii sensu stricto and their allies versus Ctenosquamata ... more details
are also inferred to be close to the Protacanthopterygii , one of the core groups of moderately ... of the Euteleostei Protacanthopterygii sensu stricto and their allies versus Acanthopterygii remains ... more details
this is a work in progress please use the same layout as the entries below for new additions Phylum Chordata Class Acanthodii currently extinct Class Actinopterygii ray finned fish Subclass Chondrostei Polypteriformes , including the bichir s and reedfish es ref In Nelson, Polypteriformes is placed in its own subclass Cladistia . ref Acipenseriformes , including the sturgeon s and paddlefish es Subclass Neopterygii Infraclass Holostei Lepisosteiformes , the gar s Amiiformes , the bowfin s Infraclass Teleostei Superorder Osteoglossomorpha Osteoglossiformes , the bony tongued fishes Hiodontiformes , including the mooneye and goldeye Superorder Elopomorpha Elopiformes , including the ladyfish es and tarpon Bonefish Albuliformes , the bonefishes Notacanthiformes , including the halosaurs and spiny eel s Anguilliformes , the true eel s and gulper s Saccopharyngiformes , including the gulper eel Superorder Clupeomorpha Clupeiformes , including herring s and anchovy anchovies Superorder Ostariophysi Gonorynchiformes , including the milkfish es Cypriniformes , including Barb fish barbs , carp , danios , goldfish es, Loach fish loaches , minnow s, rasbora s Characiformes , including characin s, pencilfish es, hatchetfish es, piranha s, tetra s. Gymnotiformes , including electric eel s and knifefish es Siluriformes , the catfish es Superorder Protacanthopterygii Order Salmoniformes , including salmon and trout Esociformes the esox pike Osmeriformes , including the smelt fish smelt s and galaxiid s Superorder Stenopterygii Ateleopodiformes , the jellynose fish Stomiiformes , including the bristlemouth s and marine hatchetfish es Superorder Cyclosquamata Aulopiformes , including the Bombay duck and lancetfish es Superorder Scopelomorpha Myctophiformes , including the lanternfish es Superorder Lampridiomorpha Lampriformes , including the oarfish , opah and ribbonfishes Superorder Polymyxiomorpha Polymixiiformes , the beardfish es Superorder Paracanthopterygii Percopsiformes , in ... more details
Taxobox fossil range Late Miocene Recent ref Sepkoski 2002 ref image Salvelinus alpinus alpinus.JPG image width 260px image caption Arctic char , Salvelinus alpinus alpinus regnum Animal ia phylum Chordata superclassis Osteichthyes classis Actinopterygii subclassis Neopterygii infraclassis Teleostei superordo Protacanthopterygii ordo Salmoniformes familia Salmonidae genus Salvelinus subdivision ranks Species subdivision About 50, see text Salvelinus is a genus of Salmonidae salmonid fish often called char or charr some species are called trout . Salvelinus is a member of the Salmoninae subfamily of the Salmonidae family. Charr may be identified by light cream pink or red spots over a darker body. Scales tend to be small, with 115 200 along the lateral line . Pectoral, pelvic, anal, and lower aspect of caudal fin are trimmed in snow white or cream leading edges. Many members of this genus are popular sports fish, and a few, such as the lake trout S. namaycush , are the object of commercial fisheries and aquaculture . Occasionally such fish escape and become invasive species . Species These species were recognised by FishBase in February 2010 Salvelinus agassizi &ndash Silver trout extinct Salvelinus albus small Glubokovsky, 1977 small &ndash White char Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus &ndash Arctic char, Dolly Varden historical use Salvelinus alpinus erythrinus small Georgi, 1775 small &ndash Davatchan Salvelinus alpinus oquassa &ndash Sunapee trout , Blueback char Salvelinus alpinus taranetzi &ndash Dwarf Arctic char , Taranets char Salvelinus anaktuvukensis &ndash Angayukaksurak char Salvelinus aureolus small Bean 1887 small often included in S. alpinus Salvelinus boganidae small Berg, 1926 small &ndash Boganida char Salvelinus colii small G nther, 1863 small Salvelinus confluentus small Suckley, 1859 small &ndash Bull trout , Dolly Varden historical use Salvelinus curilus small Pallas, 1814 small Salvelinus czerskii small Drjagin, 1932 small &ndash Cherskii s char S ... more details
Taxobox name Pygmy whitefish image Prosopium coulterii.jpg regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Actinopterygii superordo Protacanthopterygii ordo Salmoniformes familia Salmonidae genus Prosopium species P. coulterii binomial Prosopium coulterii binomial authority Rosa Smith Eigenmann Eigenmann and Carl H. Eigenmann Eigenmann , 1892 synonyms The pygmy whitefish , Prosopium coulterii , is a freshwater whitefish of the genus Prosopium in the family Salmonidae . Found in the mountain streams and lakes west of North America, it also has isolated populations in Lake Superior and in Ekityki Lake , Chukchi Peninsula . Description The pygmy whitefish is a small herring like fish with a long and cylindrical body by comparison to other whitefishes. ref name Becker Silvery in colour, it has a brownish back, and a whitish belly. ref name Becker Becker, 1983, pp. 369 371 ref Black spots on the side called parr marks , which are present on young trout or parrs , are present on the young of this species, and on adults in some Alaskan populations. ref name base Commonly ranging from convert 3 to 15.3 cm in in length, ref name Becker it is typically convert 12 cm in long, ref Hubbs et al., 2004, p. 156 ref and reaches a maximum length of convert 28 cm in . ref name base Froese and Pauly, 2010 ref It is identified by its small size, and its large eye, which has a greater length than its blunt snout. ref name Page Page and Burr, 1991, pp. 45 46 ref Its dorsal fin and pectoral fin are usually clear, and its tail is clear with a faint dark spot. Its anal fin and pelvic fin are plain whitish. ref name base It has large scales with only 56 70 on its lateral line , fewer gill rakers, all characteristics that indicate a degree of differentiation from the other Prosopium fishes. ref name Becker Because of this, it is considered an early offshoot, or basal phylogenetics basal , species in its genus, ref name Becker an especially trout like member of a genus considered the most tro ... more details
protacanthopterygii an. Genus Enchodus E. petrosus E. gladiolus E. dirus An Enchodontidae enchodontid Salmoniformes salmoniform protacanthopterygii an. Genus Apateodus A. sp. An Alepisauriformes ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
