for the scheduling algorithm Proportionally fairProportionaldivision or simple fairdivision is the original and simplest problem in fairdivision . Fairdivision problems are also called cake cutting problems. A proportionaldivision of a cake between math N math people would ensure each of them got at least math 1 N math of the cake by their own valuation. The cake can have an irregular structure, for instance a fruit cake with icing, and the recipients may value the different parts differently. There is no requirement for a division to be envy free . There are two main types of solution studied discrete procedures require one person at a time to divide the resource, moving knife ones have one or more knives move over the resource and people can choose when to stop them. The problem generalizes ... parts for each player. Proportionaldivision where the entitlement fairdivision entitlements ... easily to similar problems in chore division dividing up an undesirable resource . Proportionaldivision .... Fairdivision of indivisible good is however a much harder problem. Two players For two people ... knife procedure also achieves proportionaldivision. It was the first example of a continuous procedure in fairdivision. The knife is passed over the cake from one end to the other. A player says ... of proxy players each entitled to the same amount. Comparison with Envy free division Obviously, for two players proportionaldivision is the same as envy free envy free division . However, for three players and more, proportionaldivision is weaker than envy free division. It could happen that a player ... division References reflist Jack Robertson and William Webb 1998 . Cake Cutting Algorithms Be Fair If You Can , AK Peters Ltd, . ISBN 1 56881 076 8. Steven J. Brams and Alan D. Taylor 1996 . FairDivision ... Fairdivision Category Game theory ... ref continues the division to successively smaller equal portions. The first person divides the resource ... more details
October 2010 Electoral systems Proportional representation PR is a concept in voting systems used ... member districts encourage a two party system. There are many different forms of proportional representation. Some are focused solely on achieving the proportional representation of different political parties such as Party list proportional representation list PR while others permit the voter to chose ... or types of proportional representation but this terminology is inexact and has sometimes in the British ... more party proportional representation Proportional systems emphasize the political agenda by parties, since parties often function at the heart of proportional representation. For example, a party ..., and the Defeat of Proportional Representation in Cold War America publisher Mount Holyoke College ..., nations with proportional voting may differ in that some emphasize the individuals within the parties ... on power than in the UK. Citation needed date August 2011 Different methods of achieving proportional ... accessdate 2010 05 08 location Edinburgh ref Party list proportional representation is one approach ... and limited voting , all of which offer a form of semi proportional representation SPR . The emphasis ... list system in a multi member constituency Main Party list proportional representation The parties ... s mixed member proportional representation and parallel voting alternative vote and alternative vote top up Mixed member proportional representation Mixed election systems combine a national or regional proportional system with single seat constituencies elected by a plurality system, attempting to achieve ... elections and referenda voting proportional representation Proportional Representation Irish citizens ... as semi proportional as there is no assurance of a proportional result at a national level. Indeed ... he described in 1821 for application in elections at his school. The method, which guarantees proportional ... City Council . Unlike several later systems, this did not allow for party list proportional ... more details
File Centrifugal governor.png thumb The Centrifugal governor fly ball governor is a classic example of proportional control. A proportional control system is a type of linear feedback control system . Two classic mechanical examples are the toilet bowl float proportioning valve and the Centrifugal governor fly ball governor . The proportional control system is more complex than an on off control system like a bi metallic domestic thermostat , but simpler than a PID controller proportional integral derivative PID control system used in something like an automobile cruise control . On off control will work where the overall system has a relatively long response time, but will result in instability if the system being controlled has a rapid response time. Proportional control overcomes this by modulating the output to the controlling device, such as a continuously variable valve. An analogy to on off control is driving a car by applying either full power or no power and varying the duty cycle , to control speed. The power would be on until the target speed is reached, and then the power would be removed, so the car reduces speed. When the speed falls below the target, with a certain hysteresis , full power would again be applied. It can be seen that this looks like pulse width modulation ... be expressed as correlating to the power to weight ratio of the vehicle. Proportional control is how .... Proportional Control Theory In the proportional control algorithm, the controller output is proportional ... variable . In other words, the output of a proportional controller is the multiplication product of the error signal and the proportional gain. This can be mathematically expressed as center math P mathrm out K p , e t math center where math P mathrm out math Output of the proportional controller math K p math Proportional gain math e t math Instantaneous process error at time t . math e t SP ... links http www.fourmilab.ch hackdiet www subsection1 2 3 0 5.html Proportional control compared ... more details
A proportional counter is a measurement device to count Charged particle particle s of ionizing radiation and measure their energy . File Geiger.png thumb right alt Diagram of an ionization chamber connected to a voltage source and a digital current indicating instrument An ionization chamber operated below the Geiger plateau behaves as a proportional counter. A proportional counter is a type of gaseous ionization detector . Its operation is similar to that of a Geiger counter Geiger M ller counter , but uses a lower operating voltage . An inert gas is used to fill the tube, with a Geiger M ller tube Quenching and dead time quench gas added to ensure each pulse discharge terminates. A common proportional gas mixture is 90 argon, 10 methane, known as P 10. An incoming ionizing particle, if it has sufficient energy, liberates electrons from the atomic orbital s of the gas atoms see ionization potential , leaving an electron and positively charged atom, commonly known as an ion pair. As the charged particle travels through the chamber it leaves a trail of ion pairs along its trajectory. The electrons ..., respectively. A proportional counter differs from an ionization chamber in that the operating ... charge charge created remains proportional to the amount of energy liberated in the original event ... ionizing charged particle is proportional to its energy. The geometry of the electrodes and the voltages ... charge created makes proportional counters useful for charged particle spectroscopy . The energy resolution of a proportional counter, however, is limited because both the initial ionization event and the subsequent multiplication event are subject to statistical fluctuations. Proportional counters ... these can penetrate the entrance window. External articles Patents US patent 3092747 , S. Fine, Proportional counter US patent 2499830 , E. W. Molloy, Air proportional counter References cite journal ... charge distributions in proportional detectors, http www.inst.bnl.gov programs gasnobledet publications ... more details
and proportional reasoning. Mr. Tall Mr.Short was one of his studies. Examples Mr. Tall Mr. Short ... Left right graph.JPG 400px The Constant Product and Constant Sum Relations. Teaching for Proportional ... tool for identifying whether two variables are directly proportional or not. If they are directly proportional, then the values should be on a straight line and that line should intersect the origin ... are most familiar with, namely, addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Most relations ... it is always essential that theoretical results agree with experimental data. DEFAULTSORT Proportional ... more details
Infobox Television episode Title A Proportional Response Series The West Wing TV series The West Wing Image File Response.jpg 240 px Caption Season 1 Episode 3 Airdate October 6, 1999 Production 225902 Writer Aaron Sorkin Director Marc Buckland Guests John Amos br Renee Estevez br Janel Moloney br Suzy Nakamura Episode list List of The West Wing episodes List of The West Wing episodes Season list Infobox The West Wing season 1 episode list Prev Next A Proportional Response is the 3rd episode of The West Wing TV series The West Wing . Plot An angry President Josiah Bartlet seeks vengeance after Syrian operatives blow up a jet carrying his personal physician and dozens of American passengers. The Pentagon comes up with what they call a proportional response to the attack, which involves air strikes on three low level targets in Syria as well as one against the Syrian intelligence agency headquarters. However, President Bartlet wants a stronger response, and the Joint Chiefs respond with an attack plan on a much more prominent target the international airport in Damascus. The subtext of the story involves the President s unease around the Joint Chiefs of Staff and his worries about receiving their respect despite never having served in the military. Leo McGarry talks to Admiral Percy Fitzwallace who tells him the President is doing fine. Despite this, Fitzwallace earlier told the President ... with a newborn daughter, was among the victims. He then authorizes the proportional response and gives ... aide, or body man . Episode title The military option offered to the President is a proportional response but he calls for a disproportionate response. The issue of the virtue of a proportional ... told attacking the Libyan Intelligence Headquarters is a proportional response to Libya s attack ... of a proportional response. Martin Sheen was part of both scenes, as he played the White House ... Navbox The West Wing episodes DEFAULTSORT Proportional Response, A Category The West Wing season ... more details
the tax rate decreases as the amount subject to taxation increases. Proportional rates Proportional .... The tax rate itself is proportional, with people with higher incomes paying more tax but at the same ... creating a proportional rate using an income base. However, consumption taxes such as a sales tax can ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Proportional navigation PN Pro Nav is a guidance law used in some form or another by most homing air target missiles . It is based on the fact that two vehicles are on a collision course when their direct Line of Sight does not change direction. PN dictates that the missile velocity vector should rotate at a rate proportional to the rotation rate of the line of sight Line Of Sight rate or LOS rate , and in the same direction. math a n N dot lambda V math Where math a n math is the acceleration perpendicular to missile velocity vector, math N math is the proportionality constant dimensionless , math dot lambda math is the line of sight rate, and V is the velocity. For example, if the line of sight rotates slowly from north to east, the missile should turn to the right by a certain factor faster than the LOS rate. This factor is called the Navigation Constant Knav . image PN.PNG A useful vector notation expresses the acceleration normal to the relative velocity math vec a N vec V r times vec Omega math where math Omega math is the rotation vector of the line of sight math vec Omega frac vec V r times vec R R 2 math A rather simple hardware implementation of this guidance law can be found in early AIM 9 Sidewinder sidewinder missiles. These missiles use a rapidly rotating parabolic mirror as a seeker. Simple electronics detect the directional error the seeker has with its target an Infrared IR source , and apply a moment to this gimballed mirror to keep it pointed at the target. Since the mirror is in fact a gyroscope it will keep pointing at the same ... vector rotation proportional to line of sight rotation. Although this does not result in a rotation rate that is always exactly proportional to the LOS rate which would require a constant airspeed , this implementation is equally effective. The basis of proportional navigation was first discovered at sea ... by that vessel. DEFAULTSORT Proportional Navigation Category Navigation Category Missile guidance ... more details
Wiktionary Proportional Representation Society PRSA TOC right Proportional Representation Society may refer to Electoral Reform Society Proportional Representation Society of Australia disambiguation ... more details
proportional an electoral system becomes the most proportional being when there is no division into constituencies ... of Electoral Formulas Category Proportional representation electoral systems Category Party list ... more details
there is no objective threshold, opinions on what constitutes a semi proportional method rather than a majoritarian or a fully proportional one, may differ. Methods where parties can only achieve proportionality by coordinating their voters are usually considered to be semi proportional ref cite web url http prfound.org basics related semi proportional title Semi Proportional Electoral Methods ... will be proportional, but they are not proportional either, since such a perfect case requires a very ... , the latter of which becomes less proportional the more votes each voter has. The other main group usually considered semi proportional consists of additional member systems where the additional ... references Category Semi proportional electoral systems Category Voting systems ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 Proportional Share Scheduling is a type of scheduling computing scheduling which preallocates certain amount of CPU time to each of the processes. ref http pages.cs.wisc.edu remzi OSFEP cpu sched lottery.pdf ref In a proportional share algorithm every job has a weight, and jobs receive a share of the available resources proportional to the weight of every job. Category Scheduling algorithms Comp sci stub References references ... more details
Summary I created this image myself and release it to the public domain. Licensing PD self date October 2006 PNG version available Proportional decimal values.png Orphan image Copy to Wikimedia Commons bot Fbot ... more details
The Proportional Representation League was an organization founded in 1893 to promote the cause of proportional representation within the United States . Their activities included distributing information to inquirers on the reform. Prominent members included Rhode Island Governor Lucius F. C. Garvin and federal judge Albert Branson Maris . ref http books.google.com books?id xJMDAAAAMAAJ The new encyclopedia of social reform including all social reform movements and activities,and the economic, industrial, and sociological facts and statistics of all countries and all social subjects , William Dwight Porter Bliss, Rudolph Michael Binder. Funk & Wagnalls, 1908. p. 978 ref ref http books.google.com books?id Gr8YAAAAYAAJ Proportional representation , John Rogers Commons. T. Y. Crowell & co., 1896. p. 118 ref ref http books.google.com books?id WVqZEXvvwSIC The Proportional representation review . 1894. p. 143 ref References reflist Category Proportional representation electoral systems Category Voting systems ... more details
party fragmentation in the Knesset . List of presidential systems with proportional representation ... Suriname List of semi presidential systems with proportional representation Algeria Angola Burkina Faso Burundi Democratic Republic of the Congo Peru Sri Lanka DEFAULTSORT Proportional Representation In Presidential Systems Category Proportional representation electoral systems ... more details
Summary Information Description Proportional string fingering Source Created by User Hyacinth Hyacinth User talk Hyacinth talk using Sibelius 5. Date 14 50, 3 January 2010 Author User Hyacinth Hyacinth User talk Hyacinth talk Permission other versions Copy to Wikimedia Commons Licensing GFDL self migration relicense Category Music images Category Monochrome images Orphan image ... more details
Proportional hazards models are a class of survival analysis survival models in statistics. Survival ... statistics associated with that quantity. In a proportional hazards model, the unique effect ... models such as accelerated failure time model s do not exhibit proportional hazards. These models .... The proportional hazards condition ref cite journal doi 10.2307 1402659 last Breslow first N. E. authorlink Norman Breslow title Analysis of Survival Data under the Proportional Hazards Model journal ... math , the hazard responds logarithmically each unit increase in math x math results in proportional ... proportional hazards model can thus be reported as hazard ratio s. David Cox statistician Sir David Cox observed that if the proportional hazards assumption holds or, is assumed to hold then it is possible ... to survival data is called application of the Cox proportional hazards model , ref cite journal ... pages 187 220 jstor 2985181 MR 0341758 ref sometimes abbreviated to Cox model or to proportional hazards ... is a censoring time . The hazard function for the Cox proportional hazard model has the form math Lambda ... may be generalized to time varying coefficients as well. That is, the proportional effect of a treatment ... hazard function gives the Weibull proportional hazards model . Incidentally, using the Weibull baseline hazard is the only circumstance under which the model satisfies both the proportional hazards, and accelerated failure time model accelerated failure time models. The generic term parametric proportional hazards models can be used to describe proportional hazards models in which the hazard function is specified. The Cox proportional hazards model is sometimes called a semiparametric model by contrast ..., M. 2006 . Generating survival times to simulate Cox proportional hazards models , Statistics in Medicine 2005 24 1713 1723. doi 10.1002 sim.2369 ref use the term Cox proportional hazards model even ... Cox. The term Cox regression model omitting proportional hazards is sometimes used to describe the extension ... more details
Summary I created this image myself and release it to the public domain. Licensing PD self date July 2008 artifacts History of Image Proportional decimal values.jpg 2006 10 25T23 20 09Z User Keenan Pepper Keenan Pepper User talk Keenan Pepper Talk Special Contributions Keenan Pepper contribs nowiki BadJPEG nowiki 2006 10 25T02 01 49Z User Dar Ape Dar Ape User talk Dar Ape Talk Special Contributions Dar Ape contribs nowiki I created this image myself and release it to the public domain. nowiki Copy to Wikimedia Commons bot Fbot ... more details
NPOV language date August 2011 The Proportional Representation Society of Australia is one of the main electoral reform organisations in Australia . It has branches in South Australia, Victoria Tasmania, New South Wales, Western Australia and the Australian Capital Territory. Its membership includes a number of people that have successfully promoted electoral reform both past and present . ref http www.aph.gov.au SEnate pubs pops pop34 c02.htm Why We Chose Proportional Representation, The Australian Senate, John Ur ref The Society regularly reviews and makes submissions on electoral reform within Australia with a focus on multi member single transferable vote proportional representation voting systems . It has also made numerous submissions to various international organizations including the United Nations and the New Zealand Parliament. History Image Catherine Helen Spence plate, Melrose.jpg ..., A Plea for Pure Democracy , helped the early formation of a proportional representation group called ... form of proportional representation that the SA Electoral Act 1985 prescribes for elections for SA ... of proportional representation counts. Critiques of the above the line voting device unfortunately used in certain Australian proportional representation elections Electronic voting, the introduction and use of computer technology in the conduct of elections Submissions to Government The Proportional ... 20Election Submissions 21 Proportional Representation Society.pdf Submission into the conduct of the Victorian ... emc 2006 20State 20Election Submissions 21 Proportional Representation Society.pdf title Submission into the conduct of the Victorian State Election, 2006 work Proportional Representation ... 2009 11 07 ref Accreditation The Proportional Representation Society s Victoria Tasmania Branch ... Clientele cite web url http www.prsa.org.au clients .htm title PRSA Clients work Proportional Representation ... site http www.electoralreformaustralia.org Proportional Representation Society of Australia NSW http ... more details
Proportional reduction in loss PRL refers to a general framework for developing and evaluating measures of the reliability statistics reliability of particular ways of making observations which are possibly subject to errors of all types. Such measures quantify how much having the observations available has reduced the loss cost of the uncertainty about the intended quantity compared with not having those observations. Proportional reduction in error is a more restrictive framework widely used in statistics, in which the general loss function is replaced by a more direct measure of error such as the mean square error. Examples are the coefficient of determination and Goodman and Kruskal s lambda . ref Upton G., Cook, I. 2006 Oxford Dictionary of Statistics , OUP. ISBN 978 0 19 954145 4 ref The concept of proportional reduction in loss was proposed by Bruce Cooil and Roland T. Rust in their 1994 paper. Many commonly used reliability measures for quantitative data such as continuous data in an experimental design are PRL measures, including Cronbach 27s alpha Cronbach s alpha and measures proposed by B.J. Winer 1971 . It also provides a general way of developing measures for the reliability of qualitative data. For example, this framework provides several possible measures that are applicable when a researcher wants to assess the consensus between judges who are asked to code a number of items into mutually exclusive qualitative categories Cooil and Rust, 1995 . Measures of this latter type have been proposed by several researchers, including Perrault and Leigh 1989 . References references Cooil, B., and Rust, R. T. 1994 , Reliability and Expected Loss A Unifying Principle, Psychometrika , 59, 203 216. available http www2.owen.vanderbilt.edu bruce.cooil Documents 1994 20Psychometrika 20Reliability 20& 20Expected 20Loss.pdf here Cooil, B., and Rust, R. T. 1995 , General Estimators for the Reliability of Qualitative Data, Psychometrika , 60, 199 220. available http www2.owen.vanderbilt.edu ... more details
Electoral systems Mixed member proportional representation , also termed mixed member proportional voting and commonly abbreviated to MMP , is a voting system originally used to elect Legislator representatives to the German Bundestag , and nowadays adopted by numerous legislature s around the world. MMP is similar to other forms of proportional representation PR in that the overall total of party members in the elected body is intended to mirror the overall proportion of votes received it differs by including a set of members elected by geographic constituency who are deducted from the party totals so as to maintain overall proportionality. MMP should not be confused with the additional member system used in the United Kingdom , which has no overhang seats and consequently is not completely a form of PR. MMP is known as personalized proportional representation in Germany , where it is used on the federal level and on most state levels, the States of Germany L nder . In Quebec , where an MMP model was studied in 2007, ref cite web url http www.electionsquebec.qc.ca english provincial media reform of the voting system.php accessdate 2011 05 06 date 2007 12 21 title Reform of the voting system publisher Le Directeur g n ral des lections du Qu bec ref it is called the compensatory mixed ... seats are compensatory top up . If a party wins more FPTP seats than the proportional quota received ... that the total outcome is fully proportional to the votes, with other parties receiving additional list seats to achieve that. Threshold see also Election threshold As in numerous party list proportional ... in the constituency elections that it expects no extra seats in the proportional top up. Some voters .... See also Leveling seat List of democracy and elections related topics Voting system Proportional representation ... Mixed Member Proportional Representation Category Party list PR Category Mixed electoral systems Category Proportional representation electoral systems ca Representaci proporcional mixta de Personalisiertes ... more details
The Hokkaido proportional representation block , Hirei daihy Hokkaid burokku is one of eleven proportional representation PR blocks for the House of Representatives of Japan House of Representatives in the Diet of Japan . It consists of Hokkaid and is one of two PR blocks that covers only one prefecture, the other is Tokyo proportional representation block Tokyo . Following the introduction of proportional voting it elected nine representatives in the election of 1996. Since 2000 the Hokkaid PR block is represented by eight representatives. Summary of results With eight seats, Hokkaid is the second smallest PR block Shikoku proportional representation block Shikoku has only six seats , and the vote share needed to gain a seat is usually above ten percent. In 2000, when the combined vote of the two major parties reached a historical low of 56.8 , the Social Democratic Party managed to obtain a seat with only 8.9 of the vote for a detailed explanation, see D Hondt method . In addition to the five national parties that emerged from the party realignments of the 1990s, the regionalist one man party New Party Daichi has become a contender for PR seats in Hokkaid . In both elections it fielded candidates, it managed to obtain the third largest vote share and one seat. Following the conviction of NPD chairman Muneo Suzuki , the party s future is unclear. class wikitable align center rowspan 2 general election colspan 3 bgcolor FFEECC Democratic Party Japan DPJ colspan 3 bgcolor CCFFCC Liberal Democratic Party Japan LDP colspan 3 bgcolor BBBBFF K meit colspan 3 bgcolor FFAAAA Japanese Communist Party JCP colspan 3 bgcolor FFCCEE Social Democratic Party Japan SDP colspan 3 bgcolor c98 New Party Daichi NPD colspan 3 bgcolor FFBC00 New Frontier Party NFP 96 Liberal Party Japan, 1998 LP 00 colspan 3 bgcolor ccc Others Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats align right align left Japanese general election ... more details
The Shikoku proportional representation block Nihongo Hirei daihy Shikoku burokku is one of eleven proportional representation PR blocks , multi member constituencies for the House of Representatives of Japan House of Representatives in the Diet of Japan . It consists of Shikoku region covering Tokushima Prefecture Tokushima , Kagawa Prefecture Kagawa , Ehime Prefecture Ehime and K chi prefecture s. Following the introduction of proportional voting it elected seven representatives in the 1996 general election. When the total number of PR seats was reduced from 200 to 180, the Shikoku PR block shrunk to six seats. Summary of results With a district magnitude of six, Shikoku is the smallest PR block. The vote share necessary to obtain a seat is usually well above ten percent. Since the consolidation of the LDP DPJ party system by the merger of the LP into the DPJ in 2001, only the top three parties have been able to win seats in Shikoku. class wikitable align center rowspan 2 general election colspan 3 Party shading Democratic Party of Japan Democratic Party Japan DPJ colspan 3 Party shading Liberal Democratic Party Japan Liberal Democratic Party Japan LDP colspan 3 Party shading Komeito K meit colspan 3 Party shading Japanese Communist Party Japanese Communist Party JCP colspan 3 Party shading Social Democratic Party Japan Social Democratic Party Japan SDP colspan 3 bgcolor FFBC00 New Frontier Party NFP 96 Liberal Party Japan, 1998 LP 00 colspan 3 Party shading Other Others Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats align right align left Japanese general election, 1996 1996 245,323 13.8 1 785,589 41.6 3 colspan 3 227,014 12.1 1 132,868 7.1 0 455,269 24.2 2 39,067 2.1 0 align right align left Japanese general election, 2000 2000 402,457 20.7 1 700,719 36.0 3 266,791 13.7 1 213,729 11.0 1 196,277 10.1 0 162,700 8.4 0 5,316 0.3 0 align right align left Japanese general election, 2003 2003 587,828 31.7 2 708,051 38.2 ... more details
The T hoku proportional representation block , Hirei daihy T hoku burokku is one of eleven proportional representation PR blocks for the House of Representatives of Japan House of Representatives in the Diet of Japan . It consists of T hoku region , namely the prefectures of Aomori Prefecture Aomori , Iwate Prefecture Iwate , Miyagi Prefecture Miyagi , Akita Prefecture Akita , Yamagata Prefecture Yamagata and Fukushima Prefecture Fukushima . Following the introduction of proportional voting it elected 16 representatives in 1996. Since 2000, the T hoku PR block elects 14 Representatives. Summary of results All major national parties have managed to obtain at least one of the PR seats in T hoku since the introduction of proportional voting in 1996. The region also contains several strongholds Aomori in particular is a typical conservative kingdom and leans towards the LDP alongside with the Western prefectures along the Sea of Japan coast Iwate is the home of Ichir Ozawa , former NFP, LP and DPJ president and a Democratic kingdom having also the first prefectural parliament in Japan where the Democrats managed to obtain the status of strongest party in 2007. class wikitable align center rowspan 2 General election colspan 3 bgcolor FFEECC Democratic Party Japan DPJ colspan 3 bgcolor CCFFCC Liberal Democratic Party Japan LDP colspan 3 bgcolor BBBBFF K meit colspan 3 bgcolor FFAAAA Japanese Communist Party JCP colspan 3 bgcolor FFCCEE Social Democratic Party Japan SDP colspan 3 bgcolor FFBC00 New Frontier Party NFP 96 Liberal Party Japan, 1998 LP 00 colspan 3 bgcolor ccc Others Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats align right align left Japanese general election, 1996 1996 513,410 11.1 2 1,630,777 35.3 6 colspan 3 442,790 9.6 1 382,271 8.3 1 1,532,987 33.2 6 121,828 2.6 0 align right align left Japanese general election, 2000 2000 1,024,253 21.2 3 1,545,028 32.0 5 474,238 9.8 1 391,055 8.1 1 517,267 10.7 1 786,751 ... more details
The T ky proportional representation block Nihongo Hirei daihy T ky burokku is one of eleven proportional representation PR blocks , multi member constituencies for the House of Representatives of Japan House of Representatives in the Diet of Japan . It consists solely of the prefecture of Tokyo making it one of two blocks covering only one prefecture, the other being Hokkaid proportional representation block Hokkaid . Following the introduction of proportional voting Tokyo elected 19 representatives by PR in the 1996 general election, and 17 since the election of 2000 when the total number of PR seats was reduced from 200 to 180. Summary of results Beyond remote parts of Western Tokyo on the mainland and the Izu and Ogasawara islands, Tokyo s population is concentrated in urban and suburban areas. Reformist and left of center parties have usually won a majority of votes and seats. In the landslide postal privatization election of 2005 though, the LDP won a record 2.6 million votes in Tokyo it would have received eight seats but hadn t nominated enough candidates Of its 30 PR list candidates, 24 concurrently ran in districts 23 won their district races, leaving only a total of seven list candidates to be elected by PR. One seat went to the SDP as it would have been assigned a hypothetical, 18th seat under the d Hondt method. class wikitable align center rowspan 2 general election colspan 3 Party shading Democratic Party of Japan Democratic Party Japan DPJ colspan 3 Party shading Liberal Democratic Party Japan Liberal Democratic Party Japan LDP colspan 3 Party shading Komeito K meit colspan 3 Party shading Japanese Communist Party Japanese Communist Party JCP colspan 3 Party shading Social Democratic Party Japan Social Democratic Party Japan SDP colspan 3 bgcolor FFBC00 New Frontier Party NFP 96 Liberal Party Japan, 1998 LP 00 colspan 3 bgcolor 3bf Your Party YP colspan 3 Party shading Other Others Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes Seats Votes ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
