Infobox Disease Name Prognathism Image Prognathism3.png Caption DiseasesDB 29354 ICD10 ICD10 K 07 1 k 00 ICD9 ICD9 524.10 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D011378 Prognathism is a term ... clinically or radiographically Cephalometry cephalometrics . The word prognathism derives from Greek pro forward and gnathos jaw . One or more types of prognathism may result in the common ... with the lower teeth. Presentation The vast majority of prognathism in humans is due to normal variation among phenotypes . In human populations where prognathism is not the norm, it may be a malformation ... ency article 003026.htm MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Prognathism Bot generated title ref Prognathism is considered a disorder only if it affects mastication , Manner of articulation speech ... analysis is the most accurate way of determining all types of prognathism as it includes ... a treatment plan. Maxillary prognathism is a protrusion of the maxilla , and is also a common ... the facial area. Mandibular prognathism is a protrusion of the mandible, affecting the lower third of the face. Alveolar prognathism is a protrusion of that portion of the maxilla where the teeth are located, in the dental lining of the upper jaw. Prognathism can also be used to describe ways that the maxillary ... and lower teeth do not align . When there is maxillary and or alveolar prognathism which causes ... Alveolar prognathism Image Alveolprog.jpg thumb 175px right Alveolar prognathism, caused by thumb sucking and tongue thrusting in a 7 year old girl. Not all alveolar prognathism is anomalous ... prognathism, causing teeth to misalign. Functional appliances can be used in growing children ... Alveolar prognathism easily can be corrected also with fixed orthodontic therapy. However, relapse is quite common, unless the cause is removed or a long term retention is used. Maxillary prognathism In disease states, maxillary prognathism is associated with Cornelia de Lange Syndrome ref http www.medterms.com ... more details
Summary Author Giorgio Fiorelli Patient with progenism mandibular prognathism, skeletal class III Licensing GFDL self with disclaimers migration relicense ... more details
Summary Alveolar Prognathism Caused by thumb sucking and tongue thrust. Giorgio Fiorelli Italy Licensing GFDL self with disclaimers migration relicense ... more details
Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 K 07 0 k 00 ICD10 K 07 1 k 00 ICD9 ICD9 524.04 ICD9 524.10 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D007569 A jaw abnormality is disorder in the formation or shape of the jaw . It can involve malocclusion . Types include Micrognathism Prognathism Retrognathism Pierre Robin syndrome disease stub Dentofacial anomalies and jaw disease ... more details
The retromolar space or retromolar gap is a space at the rear of a human mandible mandible , between the back of the last Molar tooth molar and the anterior edge of the ascending ramus of the mandible ramus where it crosses the Alveolar ridge alveolar margin . Retromolar gap is found in some Neandertals because they had midfacial prognathism . This caused the lower toothrow to move forward, which led to the retromolar gap. The pear shaped pad is a triangular shaped area of keratinized tissue that forms from the scarring after removal of the most distal molar. The retro molar pad is a non keratinized area of tissue and is a posterior continuation extension of the pear shaped pad. It is a small inclination going up and posteriorly and is bordered by muscles in the back of the jaw. The denture base should only extend 1 2 to 2 3 up the retro molar pad. References reflist dentistry stub Category Dental anatomy ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Unreferenced date November 2007 Macrognathia refers to the condition of abnormally large jaw s. It is also called as megagnathia . Etiology Heredity Pituitary gigantism Paget s disease of bone osteitis deformans Acromegaly Leontiasis ossea Clinical appearance Mandibular protrusion when human mandible mandible is affected Gummy smile when maxilla is affected Ramus of mandible forms a less steep angle with body of mandible Mandibular prognathism caused by excessive Condyloid process condylar growth Chin appears prominent Treatment Treatment is surgery surgical . Osteotomy Osteotomies may be done in case of maxillary macrognathia. Mandibular macrognathia is generally managed by Segmental resection resection of a portion of the mandible followed by orthodontia orthodontic treatment. References reflist Category Diseases and disorders Category head and neck ... more details
to a conditir What is this? prognathism. Other features of acrocephalosyndactyly may include shallow ... are a high arched palate, pseudomandibular prognathism appearing as prognathism mandibular prognathism , a narrow palate, and crowding of the teeth. See also Crouzon syndrome Pfeiffer syndrome ... more details
Orphan date December 2010 Infobox disease Name Bangstad syndrome Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM 210740 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Bangstad syndrome is a severe, inherited congenital disorder associated with abnormalities of the cell membrane . It was characterized in 1989. ref name pmid2662702 cite journal author Bangstad HJ, Beck Nielsen H, Hother Nielsen O, et al. title Primordial birdheaded nanism associated with progressive ataxia, early onset insulin resistant diabetes, goiter and primary gonadal insufficiency. A new syndrome journal Acta Paediatr Scand volume 78 issue 3 pages 488 93 year 1989 month May pmid 2662702 doi 10.1111 j.1651 2227.1989.tb11119.x url ref Presentation Presenting at birth, ref name BissonnetteLuginbuehl2006 cite book author1 Bruno Bissonnette author2 Igor Luginbuehl author3 Bernard J. Dalens title Syndromes rapid recognition and perioperative implications url http books.google.com books?id uRR1MYa w5wC&pg PT92 accessdate 29 June 2010 date 20 July 2006 publisher McGraw Hill Professional isbn 9780071354554 pages 92 ref features of the disorder include moderately severe IUGR , microcephaly , craniosynostosis , moderately severe post uterine growth retardation , deafness, deep set eyes, cryptorchidism , truncal obesity and acanthosis nigricans , small teeth, prognathism , dislocated radial heads without generalized skeletal dysplasia, however, tall vertebrae, moderate mental retardation, hypothyroidism , insulin resistance , hypoparathyroidism . References reflist Category Congenital disorders Category Genetic disorders with OMIM but no gene Category Syndromes disease stub ... more details
unreferenced date November 2008 Dogfaces is the name used by comic book fans to designate the usual anthropomorhic characters and extras in comic books drawn by Carl Barks and other creators of comic books and comic strips . Dogfaces usually resemble cartoon human beings, but with some special characteristics They have four fingers on each hand and four toes on each foot. They have the round black noses typical of dogs. In one Mickey Mouse comic strip, the statue of a Middle East ruler had a nose that was a giant black pearl. They have ears that are either pointed or droopy, like a dog s. They often have a prominent alveolar prognathism . The most famous Dogface is probably Goofy . His son Max and his nephew Gilbert are of course also Dogfaces. Children have argued for decades whether Goofy is a man or a dog. Bill Farmer , an actor who voices Goofy in cartoons, suggested that Goofy is the Missing Link between Dog and Man. Cartoonist Don Rosa apologized, tongue in cheek, for turning Theodore Roosevelt into a Dogface for the sake of consistency in the biography of Scrooge McDuck . See also Beagle Boys Chief O Hara Disney Comics Chief John O Hara Droopy Neighbor Jones Duckburg Underdog TV series Underdog Walt Disney Further reading The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck by Don Rosa Category Fictional characters in comics Category Anthropomorphism Category Fictional dogs Category Furry fandom ... more details
class wikitable align right Post orbital constriction for various hominids ref name Cameron 304 Cameron 2004, pp 304 305 ref colspan 2 Increased constriction Gorilla 0.57 Paranthropus walkers P. walkeri br KNM WT 17000 0.57 Paranthropus boisei P. boisei br KNM ER 406 0.57 colspan 2 Intermediate Dryopithecus br RUD 77 0.73 Sahelanthropus br TM 266 01 060 1 0.59 Australopithecus 0.66 Paranthropus robustus P. robustus 0.70 Homo habilis br OH 24, KNM ER 1813 0.72 Kenyanthropus rudolfensis K. rudolfensis 0.70 Homo ergaster H. ergaster 0.75 Pongo 0.66 Pan 0.70 colspan 2 Reduced constriction Praeanthropus 0.80 colspan 2 Absolutely reduced constriction Homo sapiens 0.92 In physical anthropology , post orbital constriction is a narrowing of the cranium skull just behind the eye sockets the orbits, hence the name , in primates &mdash including primitive hominids . This constriction is very noticeable in non human primates, slightly less so in Australopithecines , even less in Homo erectus and the most primitive Homo sapiens . It completely disappears in modern Homo sapiens. Thus, it is a useful, quantifiable measure of how far along the evolutionary path a hominid fossil might be placed. Post orbital constriction is defined by an index of minimum frontal breadth MFB behind the supraorbital torus divided by maximum upper facial breadth bifrontomalare temporale, BFM . For extant hominids the index value ranges from 0.46 to 0.8, with a mean index vaule of 0.66. ref name Cameron 304 See also Alveolar prognathism Notes Reflist References Cite book url http books.google.se books?id SwzHI1vesyIC&pg PT316 title Bones, stones, and molecules out of Africa and human origins first1 David W. last1 Cameron first2 Colin P. last2 Groves publisher Academic Press date 2004 isbn 0121569330 Category Physical anthropology Musculoskeletal stub Anthropology stub ... more details
Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Caption DiseasesDB 29227 ICD10 ICD10 Q 78 5 q 65 ICD9 ICD9 756.9 ICDO OMIM 265900 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Metaphyseal dysplasia , also known as Pyle s disease ref cite journal last Pyle first Edwin authorlink coauthors date Oct. 1, 1931 title A Case of unusual bone development journal Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery volume 13 issue 4 pages 874 876 publisher location Needham, Massachusetts url http www.ejbjs.org cgi reprint 13 4 874 accessdate Aug. 18, 2009 ref , Pyle s syndrome , Pyle Cohn syndrome , and Bakwin Krida syndrome ref WhoNamedIt synd 1140 ref is a rare disease in which the outer part of the shafts of long bones is thinner than normal and there is an increased chance of fracture s. Clinical features It is an autosomal recessive disorder in which mild clinical manifestations contrast with radiological appearances of gross metaphyseal undermodeling. Most patients present with mild genu valgum. The elbows are unable to extend fully. There may be widening of the lower femora and clavicles. Bones can sometimes be fragile, but fracturing is usually not common. Patients may present with dental caries, mandibular prognathism, spinal alignment, and disproportionate limb lengthening. Mental development, physical development, and height are usually normal. ref Syndrome of the month. Journal of Medical Genetics, 1987, 24, 321 322 ref Misdiagnosis Pyle disease may be confused with craniometaphyseal dysplasia. The two, however, are clinically, radiographically, and genetically distinct from one another. ref The radiological manifestations of metaphyseal dysplasia Pyle disease . The British Journal of Radiology, 1979, June, 52 618 431 40. ref Treatment People with Pyle disease are often asymptomatic. Dental anomalies may require orthodontic interventions. Skeletal anomalies may require orthopedic surgery. ref Syndrome of the month. Journal of Medical Genetics, 1987, 24, 323 324. ref References reflist disease ... more details
Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image crossbite.jpg Caption Unilateral Posterior Crossbite. DiseasesDB ICD10 K07.2 ICD9 ICD9 524.27 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Crossbite is an occlusal irregularity where a tooth or teeth has a more cheek buccal or lingual position that is, the tooth is either closer to the cheek or to the tongue than its corresponding antagonist tooth in the upper or lower arcade. Terminology and classification Crossbite can involve a single tooth or a group of teeth. It can be classified in anterior or posterior and bilateral or unilateral. An anterior cross bite can not be referred as Malocclusion negative overjet , and is typical of class III skeletal relations prognathism . Posterior crossbite is often correlated to a narrow maxilla and upper dental arch. A posterior cross bite can be unilateral or bilateral. Unilateral cross bite often determines a lateral shift of the mandibular position, which can become structural if left untreated for a long time during growth, leading to skeletal asymmetries. Posterior crossbite is also known as reverse articulation . ref name ScheidWoelfel2007 cite book author1 Rickne C. Scheid author2 Julian B. Woelfel title Woelfel s dental anatomy its relevance to dentistry url http books.google.com books?id iVGbPei7gZ4C&pg PT379 accessdate 22 April 2010 year 2007 publisher Lippincott Williams & Wilkins isbn 9780781768603 pages 379 ref Treatment There are several therapies that can be used to correct a cross bite dental braces braces , Quad Helix quad helix , removable plates, clear aligner therapy, or a Delaire mask. The correct therapy should be decided by the orthodontist depending on the type and severity of the crossbite. References reflist Orthodontology Dentofacial anomalies and jaw disease Category Orthodontics dentistry stub de Kreuzbiss ja ... more details
with a translocation t 6 13 q21 q12 and microcephaly, microphthalmia, ectrodactyly, prognathism ..., ectrodactyly, and prognathism and related phenotypes. journal BMC Med. Genet. volume 8 ... more details
Ethiopid also known as Aethiopid , Eastern Hamite or Erythriote is an outdated Race classification of human beings racial classification of humans. Origin, distribution and physiognomy Image Africa countries horn.png thumb 100px Map of the Horn of Africa . Ethiopids were typically classified as a Caucasian race Europid sub race, with some Negroid Negrid admixture. In their stable form, their center of distribution was considered to be Northeast Africa . Physically, the classic Ethiopid was of medium height, with a dolicocephalic or mesocephalic skull see Cephalic index . Facial form was essentially Europid, with no prognathism and a rather prominent, narrow nose. Hair form was often ringlety and skin color invariably brown, with either a reddish or blackish tinge. It is not certain which Europid sub race formed the basis of this stock, but authorities often suggested Mediterranid or Proto Mediterranid and or Orientalid Arabid race Arabid ancestors. Ethiopid influence on Negrid populations Outside of their core area of distribution in Northeast Africa, Ethiopid elements could be found in the aristocratic or ruling classes of certain Pastoralism pastoralist Negrid tribes of Southeast Africa. Such Negrid Ethiopid hybridization produced mixed populations referred to in the literature as Nilo Hamites when the admixed Negrid tribe was of Nilotic origin, such as the Maasai people Maasai . During the colonial period, European expatriates in Rwanda considered the Tutsi , in particular, to be representative of these Negrid Ethiopid hybrid populations, and thus to be superior to the pure neighboring Hutu and Twa Negrids. This idea became popular among the Tutsi as well, who profited politically from it. See also Hamitic Brown race References cite book last Baker first John authorlink coauthors title Race, Chapter 13 The Europids publisher Natl Vanguard Books year 1974 location pages url doi id isbn 0936396040 http carnby.altervista.org troe 11 08.htm The Races of Europe The Me ... more details
main Human physiology Human physical appearance refers to the outward phenotype or look of human beings. There are infinite variations in human phenotypes, though society reduces the variability to distinct categories. Physical appearance of humans, in particular those attributed which are regarded as important for physical attractiveness , are believed by anthropologist s to significantly effect the development of personality and social relations . Humans are acutely sensitive to their physical appearance, some theorize for reasons of evolution. Some differences in human appearance are genetics genetic , others are the result of senescence age or disease , and many are the result of personal adornment . Some people have traditionally linked some differences in personal appearance such as skeletal shape with Race classification of human beings race , such as prognathism or elongated stride. Different cultures place different degrees of emphasis on physical appearance and its importance to social status and other phenomena. Factors affecting physical appearance Various factors are considered relevant in relation to the physical appearance of humans. Physiological differences Genetic, racial, ethnic affiliation Human height Height , body weight , human skin tone skin tone , body hair , sexual organ s, mole skin marking moles , birthmark s, freckle s, hair color , hair texture , eye color , eye shape, human nose nose shape, ear s shape, body shape Body deformations, mutilations and other variations such as amputation s, scar s, Burn injury burn s and wound s. Long term physiological changes Senescence Aging Hair loss Short term physiological changes Blushing , crying , fainting , hiccup , stuttering , sexual arousal , reddening of the skin due to increased blood flow due to exertion. Sweating , shivering , nose bleeding , sun tanning skin color changes due to Sunlight sunshine or frost . Clothing, personal effects, and intentional body modifications This section is lin ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Rabson Mendenhall syndrome Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM 262190 MedlinePlus MeshName MeshNumber Rabson Mendenhall syndrome is a rare insulin receptor disorder ref name ird cite journal author Kasuga M, Kadowaki T title Insulin receptor disorders in Japan journal Diabetes Res Clin Pract. volume 24 issue Suppl. pages 145 151 year 1994 pmid 7859597 doi 10.1016 0168 8227 94 90242 9 ref characterized by severe insulin resistance, developmental abnormalities, and acanthosis nigricans . ref cite web title Rabson Mendenhall Syndrome publisher WebMD.com url http children.webmd.com Rabson Mendenhall Syndrome accessdate 2007 03 17 ref A hypertrophic pineal gland has been reported in some cases. ref name orphanet cite web title Rabson Mendenhall syndrome publisher orpha.net url http www.orpha.net static GB rabsonmendenhall syndrome.html accessdate 2007 03 17 ref Clinical presentation Rabson and Mendenhall described 3 siblings 2 girls, 1 boy who initially presented with dental and skin abnormalities, abdominal distention, and phallic enlargement. ref name Rabson 1956 cite journal author Rabson S, Mendenhall E title Familial hypertrophy of pineal body, hyperplasia of adrenal cortex and diabetes mellitus report of 3 cases journal Am J Clin Pathol volume 26 issue 3 pages 283 90 year 1956 pmid 13302174 ref The children demonstrated early dentition , a coarse, senile appearing wikt facies facies , and striking hirsutism . An adult growth of hair of head at 5 years of age was pictured in the case of one of the girls. In the older girl the genitalia were large enough at the age of 6 months to permit vaginal examination for diagnosis of a left ovarian tumor which was removed soon afterward. The children were mentally precocious. Prognathism and very thick fingernails as well as acanthosis nigricans were also described. Diabetes mellitus type 2 Insulin resistant diabetes developed, and the patients died during childhood of ketoacidosis and intercurren ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Franz Ignaz Pruner March 8, 1808 September 29, 1882 known as Pruner Bey during his stay in Egypt, was a German physician, ophthalmologist and anthropologist who was a native of Pfreimd , Oberpfalz . He studied medicine in Munich , and in 1831 took part in a scientific expedition to Egypt. While there he was appointed by viceroy Muhammad Ali of Egypt Mehmed Ali 1769 1849 to be the chair of anatomy and physiology at the medical school in Abuzabel, near Cairo . This institution had recently been established in 1825 by French physician Antoine Clot 1793 1868 . In 1832 he returned to Europe and studied with Francesco Flarer 1791 1850 in Pavia . Soon afterwards he returned to Cairo as director of a military hospital, and subsequently a professor of ophthalmology, as well as director of the hospital at Kasr el Aini Medical School Kasr al Aini . In 1839 he became a physician to Egyptian royalty, and was given the title of bey . In 1860 he returned to Europe, and eventually settled in Paris , where he performed anthropological research. After the outbreak of the Franco Prussian War , he moved to Pisa , where he worked as a private scholar until his death in 1882. Pruner studied the racial structure of Negros in Egypt . In a book which he wrote in 1846 he claimed that Negro blood had a negative influence on the Egyptian moral character. He published a monograph on Negros in 1861. He claimed that the main feature of the Negros skeleton is prognathism , which he claimed was Negros relation to the ape. He also claimed that Negros had very similar brains to apes and that Negros have a shortened big toe which is a character which connects the Negros close to apes. ref Gustav Jahoda, Images of savages ancients sic roots of modern prejudice in Western culture, 1999, p. 82 ref While in Egypt, Pruner dealt with the treatment of epidemic s such as bubonic plague , cholera and typhoid fever . He also did extensive work involving infectious and tropical diseases ... more details
name difd human mandible mandibular Prognathism Mandibular prognathism progenism prognathism protrusion ... abnormalities in addition to maxillary hypoplasia and mandibular prognathism have also been observed ... more details
200px left Patient exhibits a mandible prognathism. Requires a Mandible Osteotomy to correct. Image Alveolprog.jpg thumb 175px right Alveolar prognathism, maxillary osteotomy recommended. Image 06 06 ... retrusion and mandibular prognathism over and under bite . First, a Horizontal plane horizontal ... more details
or nonexistent. Dental problems Image Alveolprog.jpg thumb 125px left Alveolar prognathism, caused by thumb ... and alignment of the teeth. See also Stereotypic movement disorder Prognathism References Reflist ... more details
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