unreferenced date November 2007 Roman government The Principate 27 BC 284 AD is the first period of the Roman Empire , extending from the beginning of the reign of Caesar Augustus to the Crisis of the Third Century , after which it was replaced with the Dominate . The Principate is characterized by a concerted effort on the part of the Emperors to preserve the illusion of the formal continuance of the Roman Republic . It is etymologically derived from the Latin word princeps , meaning chief or first , the political regime dominated by such a political leader, whether or not he is formally head of state and or head of government this reflects the Principate Emperors assertion that they were merely primus inter pares first among equals among the citizens of Rome. In practice, the Principate was a period of enlightened absolutism , with occasional forays into quasi constitutional monarchy Emperors tended not to flaunt their power and usually respected the rights of citizens although they never let this fact bind them . History The title, in full, princeps senatus princeps civitatis first amongst the senators, viz. , amongst the citizens , was first adopted by Augustus Octavian Caesar Augustus ... , which is subjectively more like an absolute monarchy while the earlier Principate is still more Republican . Under this Principate stricto sensu , the political reality of autocratic rule by the Roman Emperor Principate Emperor was still scrupulously masked by forms and conventions of oligarchy ... and the republican election campaigns. With the fall of the Julio Claudian dynasty , the Principate ... factor. Other historian s have pointed out that the generals appointed to the Principate during ... by many as contributing directly to the downfall of the Principate , the chaos of the third century ..., the Emperor Diocletian replaced the one headed Principate with the tetrarchy circa 300 AD, two Augusti ... romano ro Principate ru sk Princip t sr sh Principat sv Principatet tl Prinsipado ... more details
The Principate of Iberia is a conventional term applied to an aristocratic regime in Early Middle Ages early medieval Caucasian Georgia country Georgia that flourished in the period of interregnum between the sixth and ninth centuries, when the leading political authority was exercised by a succession of princes. The principate was established shortly after the Sassanid Empire Sassanid Persian Empire Iranian suppression of the local royal Chosroid Dynasty , around 580 it lasted until 888, when the kingship was restored by a member of the Bagrationi Dynasty . This polity was centered on the core region in what is now central and eastern Georgia known as Kartli to the natives and as Caucasian Iberia Iberia to Classical Antiquity Classical and Byzantine Empire Byzantine authors. Its borders fluctuated greatly as the presiding princes of Iberia confronted the Iranians, Romans, Khazars , Arabs , and the neighboring Caucasus Caucasian rulers throughout this period. The time of the principate was climacteric in the history of Georgia the principate saw the final formation of the Georgian Orthodox Church Georgian Christian church , the first flourishing of a literary tradition in the native language, the rise of the Georgian Bagratid family, and the beginning of cultural and political unification of various feudal enclaves, which would commingle in the Kingdom of Georgia by the early eleventh century. History When the king of a unified Iberia, Bacurius III of Iberia Bakur III , died in 580, the Sassanid government of Iran seized on the opportunity to abolish the Iberian monarchy. The Iberian nobles acquiesced to this change without resistance, while the heirs of the royal house withdrew ... parts at the town of Tbilisi . ref name Suny, p. 25 Suny, p. 25. ref Thus, the establishment of the principate .... ref name Suny, p. 25 Through offering their protection to the Iberian principate, the Byzantine ... in the 680s. Dispossessed of the principate of Iberia, the Chosroids retired to their appanage ... more details
William of Hauteville c. 1027 1080 was one of the younger sons of Tancred of Hauteville by his second wife Fressenda. He is usually called Willermus instead of Wilelmus in Latin annals and so is often called Guillerm instead of Guillaume in French language French . He left Normandy around 1053 with his elder half brother Geoffrey of Hauteville Geoffrey and full brother Mauger of Hauteville Mauger . He participated in the Battle of Civitate in the years of his arrival and was received cordially by his half brother Humphrey of Hauteville Humphrey , the reigning count of Apulia . In 1055, he distinguished himself in the taking of the castle of San Nicandro Garganico San Nicandro , which formed the nucleus of his county of the Principate , with which he was invested by Humphrey in 1056. In 1058, he married Maria, the daughter of Guy, Duke of Sorrento and brother of Guaimar IV of Salerno . He inherited all Guy s lands in the principality of Salerno and fought with Guaimar s successor, Gisulf II of Salerno Gisulf II , whose lands he ate away at until little was left but Salerno itself. He also inherited the Capitanate from Mauger, who died between 1054 and 1060. That last possession he gave to Geoffrey, out of fraternal love, Malaterra informs us. He invited his landless youngest brother Roger I of Sicily Roger to join him, promising him half of all he owned, save his wife and children. He aided Roger against their elder brother Robert Guiscard , who had succeeded Humphrey, and gave him the castle of Scalea , at Catanzaro . He fought against Robert later when Robert came to the aid of Gisulf in order to receive in marriage Gisulf s sister Sichelgaita . In 1067, the Council of Melfi excommunicated him, along with Turgis de Rota and Guimond de Moulins, for stealing property from the church of Alfano I, Archbishop of Salerno . Later that year, he travelled to Salerno to reconcile with Pope Alexander II . Image Tomba degli Altavilla.jpg thumb Family grave of the Hauteville, A ... more details
Emperors Ancient Rome topics Category Roman emperors Roman Emperor Principate Category Lists of Ancient Rome office holders Emperor Principate Category Ancient Roman titles Emperor, Roman Principate ... more details
orphan date March 2010 Bendidia or Bendideia was an ancient religious festival celebrated at Athens since 429 BC ref The Roman community at table during the Principate by John F. Donahue http books.google.com books?id yWhLOa ZrYEC&pg PA47&dq Bendidia Page 47 ISBN 0472113895 ref in honor of Bendis , a Thrace Thracian goddess whom the Greeks identified with Artemis . Notes reflist Category Festivals in ancient Athens festival stub Ancient Greece stub ... more details
Adarnase III lang ka III , of the Nersianid Dynasty , was a Principate of Iberia presiding prince of Caucasian Iberia Iberia Kartli , eastern Georgia country Georgia from c. 748 to 760. Originally a hereditary duke eristavi of Shida Kartli Inner Iberia , he seems to have succeeded the Guaramid dynasty Guaramid ruler Guaram III of Iberia Guaram III whose son was married to Adarnase s daughter. He was succeeded by his son, Nerses of Iberia Nerse . Adarnase s title of curopalates testifies to the degree of Byzantine Empire Byzantine influence in Georgia even though the Caliphate suzerainty continued. ref name Suny Ronald Grigor Suny Suny, Ronald Grigor 1994 , The Making of the Georgian Nation 2nd edition , p. 27. Indiana University Press , ISBN 0 253 20915 3 ref References Reflist start box succession box before Guaram III of Iberia Guaram III title Principate of Iberia Prince of Iberia years c. 748 760 after Nerse of Iberia Nerse end box DEFAULTSORT Adarnase 03 Of Iberia Category Monarchs of Georgia country Category 8th century rulers in Asia Georgia bio stub fr Adarnass III d Ib rie ka VIII . fi Adarnase III ... more details
Stephen III lang ka III , Step anoz III , of the Guaramid dynasty , was a Principate of Iberia presiding prince of Caucasian Iberia Iberia Kartli , eastern Georgia country Georgia from 779 780 to 786. Stephen was installed by the Caliphate Caliph in the place of his maternal uncle Nerse of Iberia Nerse who had revolted against the Arab rule. By 786, when Nerse s Christianized Arab servant, Abo of Tiflis Abo , was martyred , both Nerse and Stephen had disappeared from history, and the Guaramid power had vanished once and for all. ref Toumanoff, Cyril 1963 . Studies in Christian Caucasian History , p. 399. Washington DC Georgetown University Press . ref Stephen is probably the unnamed young Iberian prince mentioned by the Armenian chronicler Ghevond Yerets among the Caucasian dynasts executed at the hands of the Arab viceroy Khuzayma b. Khazim. ref ibid, p. 410 ref References Reflist start box succession box before Nerse of Iberia Nerse title Principate of Iberia Prince of Iberia years 779 780 80 786 after Ashot I Kuropalates Ashot I end box DEFAULTSORT Stephen 03 Of Iberia Category Monarchs of Georgia country Category 8th century rulers in Asia Georgia bio stub fr St phanos III d Ib rie fi Stepanoz III ... more details
Emma of Hauteville fl. c. 1080&ndash c. 1120 was a daughter of Robert Guiscard and Alberada of Buonalbergo . According to Ralph of Caen , she married Odo the Good Marquis and had two sons Tancred, Prince of Galilee Tancred and William, both of whom participated in the First Crusade . Tancred became Prince of Galilee and William died in the Holy Land . Her daughter Altrude married Richard of the Principate and was the mother of Roger of Salerno . Emma was dead by 1126, when Odo s second wife and widow, Sichelgaita, made a donation for her family s memory. Sources Caravale, Mario ed . Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani , vol. LXIII. Rome. Category Italo Normans Category 1120s deaths Category Year of birth uncertain ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2007 File RogerAntioch.jpg thumb 200px Roger of Salerno or Roger of the Principate died June 28, 1119 was regent of the Principality of Antioch from 1112 to 1119. He was the son of Richard of the Principate and the 2nd cousin of Tancred, Prince of Galilee , both participants on the First Crusade . He became regent of Antioch when Tancred died in 1112 the actual prince, Bohemund II of Antioch Bohemund II , was still a child. Like Tancred, Roger was almost constantly at war with the nearby Muslim states such as Aleppo . In 1114 there was an earthquake that destroyed many of the fortifications of the principality, and Roger took great care to rebuild them, especially those near the frontier. Roger defeated Bursuq in 1114 at the Battle of Sarmin , and in 1115 at the Battle of Tell Danith . With Joscelin I of Edessa , Roger put enough military pressure on Aleppo that the city allied with Ortoqid emir Ilghazi in 1118. Ilghazi invaded the Principality in 1119, and despite the urging of the Latin Patriarch of Antioch Patriarch , Roger did not wait for reinforcements from Kingdom of Jerusalem Jerusalem or County of Tripoli Tripoli . At the ensuing Battle of Ager Sanguinis he had 700 knights and 3000 foot soldiers, including 500 Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia Armenian cavalry, but nearly all were killed, including Roger himself. Ilghazi s forces scattered to plunder the surrounding land and did not attack Antioch itself. Baldwin II of Jerusalem came north to take over the regency of the principality. Roger s reign was chronicled by his Walter the Chancellor chancellor Walter . start box succession box title Principality of Antioch Regent of Antioch before Tancred, Prince of Galilee Tancred after Baldwin II of Jerusalem years 1112&ndash 1119 end box Antioch Monarchs Category 1119 deaths Category Christians of the Crusades Category Military personnel killed in action Category Italo Normans de Roger von Salerno es Roger de Salerno fr Roger de Salerne it Ruggero ... more details
Georgian Kingdom Royal Style David I lang ka I died 881 was a Bagrationi dynasty Georgian Bagratid Principate of Iberia Prince and curopalates of Caucasian Iberia Iberia Kartli from 876 to 881. The eldest son and successor of Bagrat I of Iberia Bagrat I , he was baptised by the influential Georgian monk Grigol Khandzteli . David shared the Bagratid hereditary lands in Tao Klarjeti with his uncles and cousins, his fiefdom being Tao historical region Lower Tao . In 881, David I was murdered by his cousin Nasra , the eldest son of Guaram Mampali . The medieval sources do not specify the reason behind this crime, but modern historians have followed Professor Ivane Javakhishvili in his observation that Nasra resented his father s decision to allot Guaram s holdings to their Bagratid relatives, and more specifically the establishment of the Liparitids in Trialeti under David s suzerainty. David s death led to an inter dynastic feud which under David s only son Adarnase I Kuropalates Adarnase , who eventually, in 888, avenged the killing of his father. ref name Rapp Rapp, Stephen H. 2003 , Studies in Medieval Georgian Historiography Early Texts And Eurasian Contexts , pp. 388, 404. Peeters Publishers, ISBN 90 429 1318 5 ref References reflist start box succession box before Bagrat I of Iberia Bagrat I title Principate of Iberia Prince of Iberia & Curopalates years 876 881 after Gurgen I Mampali Gurgen I end box DEFAULTSORT David 01 Of Iberia Category 881 deaths Category 881 crimes Category Monarchs of Georgia country Category Bagrationi dynasty Category Tao Klarjeti Category Murdered monarchs Category 9th century monarchs in Asia de David I. Georgien fr David Ier d Ib rie he ka I ... more details
Nerse lang ka , also spelled Nerses , of the Nersianid Dynasty Nersianid family, was a Principate of Iberia ruling prince of Caucasian Iberia Iberia Kartli , eastern Georgia country Georgia from c. 760 to 772 and again from 775 to 779 80. Nerse succeeded his father, Adarnase III of Iberia Adarnase III , Curopalates of Iberia, and defied the Arab hegemony in Georgia. In 772, he was summoned by Caliph al Mansur to Baghdad and cast in prison. Released by Caliph al Mahdi 775 785 , Nerse was restored in Iberia in 775, but he again had difficulties with the Arabs, and was forced to flee, through the Daryal Pass , to the Khazars . Received with honors, but unable to gain any substantial support there, Nerse moved to Abkhazia where his family had taken refuge. His office was given by the Caliph to his nephew sister s son Stephen III of Iberia Stephen III . Nerse reconciled with the accomplished fact and, with the Arab permission, returned to Iberia, retiring from politics. By 786, when his Christianized Arab servant, Abo of Tiflis Abo , was martyred , Nerse had disappeared from history. ref Toumanoff, Cyril 1963 . Studies in Christian Caucasian History , p. 399. Washington DC Georgetown University Press . ref References Reflist start box succession box before Adarnase III of Iberia Adarnase III title Principate of Iberia Prince of Iberia years c. 760 772 , 775 779 780 80 after Stephen III of Iberia Stephen III end box Category Monarchs of Georgia country Category 8th century rulers in Asia fr Ners d Ib rie ka II fi Nerse ... more details
Stephen II lang ka II , Step anoz II , of the Chosroid dynasty , was a Principate of Iberia presiding prince of Caucasian Iberia Iberia Kartli , eastern Georgia country Georgia from 637 642 to c. 650 . The son and successor of Adarnase I of Iberia Adarnase I , Stephen pursued his father s pro Byzantine Empire Byzantine politics and was probably bestowed by the Byzantine Emperor Emperor with the title of patricius. In 645, however, he was forced to recognize the Caliphate Caliph as his suzerain when Arabs moved into Georgia. He was succeeded by his son, Adarnase II of Iberia Adarnase II . ref name Suny Ronald Grigor Suny Suny, Ronald Grigor 1994 , The Making of the Georgian Nation 2nd edition , p. 27. Indiana University Press , ISBN 0253209153 ref ref name Martindale Martindale, John Robert 1992 , The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire , p. 1196. Cambridge University Press , ISBN 0521072336. ref The exterior stone plaque of the Jvari monastery church of the Holy Cross at Mtskheta , Georgia, mentions the principal builders of this church Stephanos the patricius , Demetrius the hypatos , and Adarnase the hypatos who have traditionally been equated by the Georgian scholars with Stephen I of Iberia Stephen I , son of Guaram I of Iberia Guaram Demetrius the Hypatos Demetre , brother of Stephen I and Adarnase I of Iberia Adarnase I . However, an opinion expressed by Professor Cyril Toumanoff disagrees with this view by identifying these individuals with Stephen II , Demetre brother of Stephen I , and Adarnase II son of Stephen II , respectively. ref name Rapp Rapp, Stephen H. 2003 , Studies In Medieval Georgian Historiography Early Texts And Eurasian Contexts , p. 344. Peeters Bvba ISBN 90 429 1318 5. ref References Reflist start box succession box before Adarnase I of Iberia Adarnase I title Principate of Iberia Prince of Iberia years 637 642 c. 650 after Adarnase II of Iberia Adarnase II end box DEFAULTSORT Stephen 02 Of Iberia Category Monarchs of Georgia country ... more details
Guaram II lang ka II , of the Guaramid dynasty , was a Principate of Iberia presiding prince of Caucasian Iberia Iberia Kartli , eastern Georgia country Georgia from 684 5 to c. 693. He was a hereditary duke eristavi of Klarjeti and Javakheti , and acquired the office of presiding prince of Iberia when his predecessor, Adarnase II of Iberia Adarnase II of the Chosroid dynasty died in the struggle with the Khazars in 684 5. Around the year 689, after a successful Byzantine Empire Byzantine campaign against the Caliphate , Guaram transferred his allegiance to the Byzantine Emperor emperor Justinian II and was conferred with the title of curopalates . He must have been succeeded by his son or grandson Guaram III of Iberia Guaram III shortly before 693, the year when the Arabs succeeded in taking the Caucasus with the help of their Khazar allies and introduced direct rule through their viceroy wali at Dvin . ref name Suny Ronald Grigor Suny Suny, Ronald Grigor 1994 , The Making of the Georgian Nation 2nd edition , p. 27. Indiana University Press , ISBN 0253209153 ref References Reflist start box succession box before Adarnase II of Iberia Adarnase II title Principate of Iberia Prince of Iberia years 684 5 pre 693 after Guaram III of Iberia Guaram III end box DEFAULTSORT Guaram 02 Of Iberia Category Monarchs of Georgia country Category 7th century monarchs in Asia fr Gouaram II d Ib rie fi Guaram II ... more details
Guaram III lang ka III , of the Guaramid dynasty , was a Principate of Iberia presiding prince of Caucasian Iberia Iberia Kartli , eastern Georgia country Georgia from before 693 to c. 748. Guaram III was bestowed with the Byzantine Empire Byzantine title of curopalates , and thus, must have succeeded his father or grandfather Guaram II of Iberia Guaram II shortly before 693, i.e., before the resurgent Caliphate ousted the Byzantines from the Caucasus region. ref name Suny Ronald Grigor Suny Suny, Ronald Grigor 1994 , The Making of the Georgian Nation 2nd edition , p. 27. Indiana University Press , ISBN 0253209153 ref The c. 800 chronicle of Pseudo Juansher also refers to the princes Mihr, Archil of Kakheti Archil , and the sons of the latter Iovane and Juansher in this period. However, neither of these individuals were presiding princes of Iberia, but the List of sovereigns of Kakheti provincial rulers of Kakheti in the east. ref name Rapp Rapp, Stephen H. 2003 , Studies In Medieval Georgian Historiography Early Texts And Eurasian Contexts , p. 383. Peeters Bvba ISBN 90 429 1318 5. ref Guaram III had a son also called Guaram or Gurgen , and two anonymous daughters one of whom married the Chosroid prince Archil, and the other married the Bagratuni Bagratid prince Vasak. His son, Guaram Gurgen was married to a Nersianid Dynasty Nersianid princess, daughter of Adarnase III of Iberia Adarnase III , and fathered Stephen III of Iberia Stephen III . ref name Rapp Rapp, Stephen H. 2003 , Studies In Medieval Georgian Historiography Early Texts And Eurasian Contexts , p. 375. Peeters Bvba, ISBN 90 429 1318 5. ref References Reflist start box succession box before Guaram II of Iberia Guaram II title Principate of Iberia Prince of Iberia years c. 693 748 after Adarnase III of Iberia Adarnase III end box DEFAULTSORT Guaram 03 Of Iberia Category Monarchs of Georgia country Category 8th century rulers in Asia Category 7th century monarchs in Asia fr Gouaram III d Ib rie fi ... more details
The Marian Roman army refers to the armed forces deployed by the late Roman Republic between the Marian reforms 107 BC and the establishment of the Roman Principate early Roman Empire by Augustus in 30 BC. ref name example The name Caesarian Roman Army had previously been used in this article, reflecting the fact that the most famous Roman military leader, Julius Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar , commanded an army of this kind. However, the structure of the Roman army during the period 107 30 BC was by and large created by Gaius Marius when Caesar has not yet been born. ref The Marian army constitutes the transition from the Manipular Roman army ca. 300 107 BC , which was a temporary force based on adult male conscription of citizens to the Imperial Roman army of the Principate, which was a standing, professional force based mainly on volunteer recruitment. The creation of this new kind of army was a response to grave challenges posed by Germanic invasions and the war against Jugurtha which severely taxed the older Roman military organization. Indeed, as a purely military tool the Marian army turned out to be more than equal to its tasks. However, gradually, it became clear that the new army was in the final analysis loyal not to the Republic but to its commander, to whom the troops ultimately looked for rewards and spoils. Gaius Marius Marius himself had effectively abolished the allied legions. They were formally abolished after the end of the Social War, when Roman citizenship was granted to all of Rome s Italian socii , ending the dual structure of legions alongside non citizen Ala Roman allied military unit alae . The latter were abolished, and the Italian allies were henceforth recruited into the legions. The non Italian allies that had long fought for Rome e.g. Gallic and Numidian cavalry continued to serve alongside the legions but remained irregular units under their own leaders. References reflist Empty section date July 2010 See also Roman army Manipular Roman ... more details
Guaram I lang ka I was a Georgia country Georgian prince, who attained to the Principate of Iberia hereditary rulership of Caucasian Iberia Iberia and the Eastern Roman Empire Roman title of curopalates from 588 to c. 590. He is commonly identified with the Gorgenes Latinization literature Latinized form of Gurgen of the Byzantine chronicler Theophanes the Confessor Theophanes . Guaram was born to Leo of Iberia Leo , the younger son of king Vakhtang I Gorgasali and his Roman consort Helene, thus being a member of the younger, Guaramid Dynasty non royal branch of the Chosroid dynasty , which was in possession of the southwestern Iberian duchies of Klarjeti and Javakheti . He is reported by the medieval Georgian author Sumbat Davitis Dze to be the first Bagrationi ruler, a claim that has not been accepted by some modern non Georgian scholars as credible. ref Rapp, Stephen H., Sumbat Davitis dze and the Vocabulary of Political Authority in the Era of Georgian Unification. Journal of the American Oriental Society , Vol. 120, No. 4 Oct. Dec., 2000 , pp. 570 576. ref When the war between the Roman and Sassanid Empire Sassanid Iranian empires resumed under Justin II r. 565 578 , Guaram Gorgenes allied himself with the Armenia n prince Vardan III Mamikonian and Romans in a desperate attempt to break free of Iranian control in 572 Theoph. Byz. Fr. 3 . He apparently fled to Constantinople when the uprising failed and remained there until he reappeared on political scene in 588, when the Iberians are reported by the Georgian chronicler Juansher to have revolted from the Sassanid rule again. The Iberian nobles asked the emperor Maurice emperor Maurice r. 582 602 for a ruler from the Iberian royal house Maurice sent Guaram, conferring on him the dignity of curopalates and sending him to Mtskheta . Thus, the presiding principate of Iberia replaced the Chosroid kingship dormant ... at the National Bank of Georgia . start box succession box before Sassanid viceroyalty title Principate ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Lucius Neratius Marcellus was a governor of Roman Britain early in the 2nd century. He held the office by 103 and probably succeeded Tiberius Avidius Quietus a year or two earlier. He was a former senator and friend of Pliny the Younger and their letters discussing the Roman Principate are recorded. Pliny requested that Marcellus make Suetonius a tribune in Britain and although Suetonius eventually declined the post, the story does indicate that Marcellus was able to make military appointments easily through the network of patronage and apparently without consulting the army. There is evidence that there was unrest in Northern Britain during Marcellus governorship which resulted in the frontier becoming the line of the Stanegate . Sequence prev Tiberius Avidius Quietus next Unknown, then Marcus Appius Bradua list Roman governors of Britain DEFAULTSORT Marcellus, Lucius Neratius Category Roman governors of Britain Category Ancient Romans in Britain Category 2nd century Romans bg ca Lucius Neratius Marcellus es Lucio Neratio Marcelo la Lucius Neratius Marcellus ... more details
The alabarch was the Greek language Greek title of the customs official at the harbour of Alexandria during the Hellenistic and Roman periods. The title alabarch needs to be distinguished from the title of ethnarch which refers to the chief magistrate of a particular ethnic group within a city or territory. It appears that some confusion exists as to the meaning of this word and even the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary makes the mistake of assuming that alabarch somehow equals ethnarch . The following references should suffice to establish the meaning of the word alabarch Smallwood, E. Mary, The Jews Under Roman Rule. Leiden, 1976. P 227. Philo s brother Alexander was alabarch customs official in the 30 s A.D., and another Jew, Demetrius otherwise unknown held the same post late in Claudius principate neither case excites comment from Josephus as unusual. Modrzejewski, Joseph M, The Jews of Egypt From Rameses II to Emperor Hadrian. Jewish Publication Society. 1995. P 135. regarding Alexander the alabarch ...he was inspector in chief of customs alabarch and not a banker, evenif he did occasionally lend sums of money, for instance to his eternally indebted friend, Agrippa I King of Judea. History The following alabarchs are known by name Alexander the Alabarch Tiberius Julius Alexander , son of the preceding. Demetrius Category Ancient Greek government ca Alabarca ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2007 RomanMilitary In the Roman army of the late Roman Republic Republic and the Principate , the tribunus laticlavius broad striped tribune was one of the six military tribune s in a Roman legion legion . The post was created by the Marian reforms . Its holder stood just below the legatus legionis , the legion s commander, and above the other five tribuni angusticlavii and later the praefectus castrorum . The position was the first step of the traditional cursus honorum , the formalized sequence of public offices held by Roman nobles of the Roman Senate senatorial class conversely, the tribuni angusticlavii were equestrian order knights . Thus the tribunus laticlavius would usually be a man in his early twenties who might belong to one of the richest families in Rome or be a close friend to the legionary commander. After two or three years in the army he would go back to Rome and be given a government job, usually a quaestor ship. Portal Military of ancient Rome Category Military ranks of ancient Rome mil rank stub Ancient Rome stub el Tribunus Laticlavius es Tribuno laticlavio pt Tribuno laticl vio ... more details
Fulvia , the wife of Tiberius wikt amicus amicus Saturninus, lived during the reign of the Roman Emperor Tiberius. She is sometimes confused with Fulvia the wife of Marcus Antonius who died before the Principate began. Fulvia converted to Judaism through the teachings of a Jew who had sought refuge in Rome to escape punishment. This impostor, together with three others, persuaded her to contribute purple and gold for the Temple at Jerusalem, which contributions they kept for themselves. The discovery of this fraud by the emperor Tiberius through his friend Saturninus, Fulvia s husband, caused the banishment of the Jews from Rome 19 C.E. Josephus, Ant. xviii. 3, 5 comp. Philo, In Flaccum, 1 idem, Legatio ad Caium, 24 Tacitus, Annales, ii. 85 Suetonius, Tiberius, 36 . Jewish Encyclopedia Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH Category 1st century Romans Category Fulvii Category Ancient Roman women Category Converts to Judaism Category Year of birth unknown Category Year of death unknown ... more details
Paola Colonna c. 1378 November 3, 1450 was the Principality of Piombino lady of Piombino from 1441 until 1445. She was born in Rome into one of the most powerful family of Rome . Her brother Giordano was shortly Prince of Salerno and Duke of Venosa , while her brother Oddo would become Pope Martin V . On June 18, 1396 she was married to Gherardo Appiani , lord of Piombino . At his death she held the regency for their son Iacopo II Appiani Iacopo . When the latter also died, she left the principate, against the legitimate heir Emanuele Appiani , to her daughter Caterina Appiani Caterina , married to the condottiero Rinaldo Orsini . She died in Piombino in 1450. See also Colonna family br s start s bef before Iacopo II Appiani s ttl rows 1 title Principality of Piombino Lady of Piombino years 1441&ndash 1445 s aft after Caterina Appiani end Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Colonna, Paola ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 1450 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Colonna, Paola Category 1370s births Category 1450 deaths Category People from Rome Category Princes and princesses of Piombino Category Colonna family it Paola Colonna ... more details
RomanMilitary Princeps Prior was a high ranking centurion Roman Centurion . Each of the ten Cohort military unit cohorts , that made up a Roman Legion Legion , had at its head the rank of primus prior followed by the princeps prior. ref Bohec, Yann Le 2000 . The imperial Roman army. Routledge. pp43. ISBN 0415222958. ref History The position reflects the Roman Republic tradition of arranging the Legion into three lines the pilani Roman army pilani , the principes and the hastati . ref Keppie, Lawrence 1998 . The making of the Roman Army from Republic to Empire. University of Oklahoma Press. pp174. ISBN 0806130148. ref During the Republic, the Princeps Prior was the Centurion in command of a manipulus unit of two centuries of principes legionary heavy infantry . See also Fields, Nic 2009 . Volume 37 of Battle Orders The Roman Army of the Principate 27 BC AD 117 . Osprey Publishing. pp34. ISBN 1846033861. References reflist Category Ancient Roman titles Hist stub ... more details
Cohors amicorum is a Latin term, literally meaning cohort of friends . The notion wiktionary cohort cohort is to be taken not in the strict, military sense primarily the constitutive unit of a Roman legion circa battalion , but indicated a fairly large number accordingly, friend is to be taken in a loose sense, rather as in amicus curiae , compare the Hellenistic Aulic title philos basilikos . Roman history Originally, since the Roman republic proper i.e. before the Principate , the cohors amicorum was synonymous with the cohors praetoria so called after the praetorium , the tent in the field or more permanent dwelling of a Roman commanding general, military headquarters but also site of his other actions, e.g. as a judge, possibly on an adjoining podium called tribunal the military including or annexing various logistic, domestic, financial and administrative staff company functioning as suite and bodyguard of a high Roman official, such as a Roman governor who brought a trusted staff of most kinds with him to his post , especially in command of one or more legions. In the Principate, high administrative offices tended to be separated from military command transferred to imperial legatus legate s , but the various not strictly military functions still had to be acquitted, so there was a mainly civilian company of clerks, advisors, retainers etcetera, still referred to be such terms as cohors amicorum , amici possibly specified by the pivotal personality, e.g. Amici principis around the Emperor . In fact, the administration was to be streamlined in a rather typical officium see that article with ever more detailed rules on competences, career etcetera. The company remained at least as a social notion, if now very informal, and seems to have existed with other persons of high rank, such as imperial princes. its members were termed cohortalis plural cohortales the diminutive cohortalinus became a generic term like apparitor for non cadre clerks in a high dignitary s o ... more details
List of state leaders in 195 195 state leaders 196 Events of AD 196 List of state leaders in 197 AD 197 state leaders State leaders by year Africa Kingdom of Kush Kush Amanikhareqerem , List of monarchs of Kush King of Kush 190 200 Asia China Emperor Xian of Han Xian , Table of Chinese monarchs Emperor of China 189 220 Korea Three Kingdoms of Korea Three Kingdoms Period Baekje Chogo of Baekje Chogo , List of Rulers of Korea Baekje King of Baekje 166 214 Goguryeo Gogukcheon of Goguryeo Gogukcheon , List of Rulers of Korea Goguryeo King of Goguryeo 179 197 Silla Beolhyu of Silla Beolhyu , List of Rulers of Korea Silla King of Silla 184 196 Naehae of Silla Naehae , List of Rulers of Korea Silla King of Silla 196 230 Europe Bosporan Kingdom Tiberius Julius Sauromates II , Roman client Kings of Cimmerian Bosporus King of Bosporus 174 211 Caucasian Iberia Rev I of Iberia Rev I , List of the Kings of Georgia King of Caucasian Iberia 189 216 Ireland Lugaid mac Con , List of High Kings of Ireland High King of Ireland 195 225 Roman Empire Roman Emperor Principate Principate Severan dynasty Septimius Severus , Roman Emperor 193 211 Clodius Albinus , List of Roman usurpers Roman usurper in Britannia and Gaul Provinces 193, 196 197 Gaius Domitius Dexter , List of Roman consuls Consul 196 Lucius Valerius Messalla Thrasea Paetus , List of Roman consuls Consul 196 Aegyptus Roman province gyptus Province Marcus Ulpius Primianus , List of governors of Roman Egypt Roman Prefect 195 196 Roman Britain Roman Britain Britannia Province Clodius Albinus , Governors of Roman Britain Roman governor 191 197 Syria Palaestina Syria Palaestina Province Judah haNasi , Nasi Nasi of the Sanhedrin 165 220 Moesia Inferior Lower Moesia Province Cosconius Gentianus , Roman governors of Lower Moesia Roman governor 195 198 Middle East Adiabene Narsai of Adiabene Narsai , Parthian client Adiabene King of Adiabene 170 200 Characene Maga of Characene Maga , Characene King of Characene 195 210 Osroene Abgar ... more details
List of state leaders in 193 193 state leaders 194 Events of AD 194 List of state leaders in 195 AD 195 state leaders State leaders by year Africa Kingdom of Kush Kush Amanikhareqerem , List of monarchs of Kush King of Kush 190 200 Asia China Emperor Xian of Han Xian , Table of Chinese monarchs Emperor of China 189 220 Korea Three Kingdoms of Korea Three Kingdoms Period Baekje Chogo of Baekje Chogo , List of Rulers of Korea Baekje King of Baekje 166 214 Goguryeo Gogukcheon of Goguryeo Gogukcheon , List of Rulers of Korea Goguryeo King of Goguryeo 179 197 Silla Beolhyu of Silla Beolhyu , List of Rulers of Korea Silla King of Silla 184 196 Europe Bosporan Kingdom Tiberius Julius Sauromates II , Roman client Kings of Cimmerian Bosporus King of Bosporus 174 211 Caucasian Iberia Rev I of Iberia Rev I , List of the Kings of Georgia King of Caucasian Iberia 189 216 Ireland Art mac Cuinn , List of High Kings of Ireland High King of Ireland 165 195 Roman Empire Roman Emperor Principate Principate Year of the Five Emperors and Severan dynasty Septimius Severus , Roman Emperor 193 211 Pescennius Niger , List of Roman usurpers Roman usurper in Asia, gyptus and Syria Palaestina Provinces 193 194 Septimius Severus , List of Roman consuls Consul 194 Clodius Albinus , List of Roman consuls Consul 194 Aegyptus Roman province gyptus Province Lucius Mantennius Sabinus , List of governors of Roman Egypt Roman Prefect 192 194 Roman Britain Roman Britain Britannia Province Clodius Albinus , Governors of Roman Britain Roman governor 191 197 Syria Palaestina Syria Palaestina Province Judah haNasi , Nasi Nasi of the Sanhedrin 165 220 Moesia Inferior Lower Moesia Province Publius Septimius Geta , Roman governors of Lower Moesia Roman governor 193 194 Pollenius Auspex , Roman governors of Lower Moesia Roman governor 194 195 Middle East Adiabene Narsai of Adiabene Narsai , Parthian client Adiabene King of Adiabene 170 200 Characene Attambalos VIII , Characene King of Characene 180 195 Osroen ... more details
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