unref date January 2011 Primarylegislation is law made by the legislative branch of government . This contrasts with secondary legislation , which is usually made by the executive branch . Secondary or delegated legislation must be authorised by primarylegislation, and conform to boundaries it has laid down. In the United Kingdom , and other Commonwealth of Nations Commonwealth nations, primarylegislation takes the form of an Act of Parliament , and in the United States , it is at federal level an Act of Congress . In European Union law, the founding treaties are the main primarylegislation fact date January 2010 . External links http www.legislation.hmso.gov.uk acts.htm UK primarylegislation since 1988 Category Administrative law law stub ... more details
system , an item of primarylegislation is known as an Act of Parliament after enactment. Legislation ... where legislation is made by other bodies or means, such as when constitutional law or secondary legislation is enacted. Such other forms of law making include referendum s, constitutional conventions, Order in Council orders in council or regulations . The term legislation is sometimes used to include these situations, or the term primarylegislation may be used to exclude these other ...mergefrom Legislative act discuss Talk Legislation Merger proposal date June 2011 Refimprove date May 2007 Legislation or statutory law is law which has been promulgation promulgated or enact ed by a legislature or other Government governing body , or the process of making it. Another source of law is judge made law or case law . Before an item of legislation becomes law it may be known as a bill proposed law bill , and may be broadly referred to as legislation while it remains under consideration to distinguish it from other business. Legislation can have many purposes to regulate, to authorize ... priorities of government. Legislation is regarded as one of the three main functions of government, which ... power to create legislation are known as legislator s a judiciary judicial branch of government will have the formal power to interpret legislation see statutory interpretation the executive branch ... Congressional Activity Legislation available on the web http laws lois.justice.gc.ca eng StatutesByTitle ... http www.gnb.ca 0062 acts index e.asp Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick http assembly.nl.ca legislation ... Legislation SearchLeg&Reg.shtml Northwest Territory Department of Justice http www.gov.ns.ca legislature ... and en http www.justice.gov.yk.ca legislation index.html Yukon Department of Justice http thomas.loc.gov United States Congress http www.statutelaw.gov.uk United Kingdom Legislation available in XML ... simple Legislation fi Lains d nt sv Lagstiftning tr Kanun hukuk uk zh ... more details
unreferenced date September 2011 Delegated legislation also referred to as secondary legislation or subordinate legislation is law made by an executive authority under powers given to them by primarylegislation in order to implement and administer the requirements of that primarylegislation. It is law made by a person or body other than the legislature but with the legislature s authority. See also Delegated legislation in the United Kingdom Statutory Instrument UK Statutory Instrument Executive order United States United States administrative law Rulemaking law stub Category Administrative law de Verordnungserm chtigung es Delegaci n Derecho administrativo fr Proc dure l gislative d l gu e he it decreto legislativo ms Undang undang subsidiari nl Delegatie staatsrecht ja zh ... more details
Journal of Legislation is a major law review scholarly journal published by Notre Dame Law School . The current Editor in Chief is Emily Martin. The Journal of Legislation JLEG is a legislative law review which focuses on analysis and reform of public policy. The primary purpose of the Journal is to provide a forum for debate of timely issues of state, national, and international stature. The Journal differs from traditional law reviews by concentrating primarily on statutory, regulatory, and public policy matters rather than on case law. Prominent public figures and legal scholars contribute major pieces of legal analysis to the Journal in the form of articles . We also publish substantial student written pieces called notes and commentaries on recent legislation in our legislative reform section. The staff chooses topics for article solicitation, note writing, and legislative reform pieces based upon the current legislative and administrative policies of state, national, and international bodies. The staff solicits articles authors from among those public figures who influence politics. The Journal believes in the open debate of all political ideologies and philosophical points of view. The main philosophy behind the Journal s solicitation effort is that viewpoints and recommendations of public leaders are more likely to effect policy change than are technical analyses by lesser known experts. Therefore, the Journal has traditionally solicited legislators, judges, administrators, and prominent attorneys, as well as recognized experts from beyond the legal world. The Journal is also dedicated to helping the individual student learn to think critically, research thoroughly, and write with precision and style. For this reason the Journal is proud to uphold the tradition of publishing student notes. Writing, editing, cite checking, and proofreading provide members with intense ... for the Next Millennium External links http www.journaloflegislation.com Journal of Legislation web ... more details
Climate legislation is legislation dealing with the laws and regulations of greenhouse gas emissions. Many different pieces of climate legislation have been introduced and are being considered by legislature s around the world. United Kingdom United Kingdom Climate Change Bill Category Climate change law ... more details
This list consists of lists of legislation . By legislature List of Indian federal legislation Law of Nigeria List of legislation List of Nigerian legislation List of Acts of the Parliament of South Africa List of Acts of Parliament of Canada List of United States federal legislation List of Acts of Parliament of Australia List of Philippine laws List of Acts of Parliament in the United Kingdom List of Acts of the Parliament of England List of Acts of the Parliament of Great Britain List of Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom List of Acts of the Parliament of Scotland to 1707 List of Acts of the Scottish Parliament from 1999 List of Acts of the Parliament of Ireland List of Acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland List of Acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly List of Acts of the Oireachtas List of laws of Guernsey List of laws of Jersey List of Acts of Tynwald Law Category Lists of legislation ... more details
Entrenched legislation is legislation that may be amended or repealed only after certain prescribed procedures have been observed, for example a special majority, ref Bribery Cmr v Ranasinghe 1965 AC 172 1964 2 All ER 785 ref or referendum. ref Attorney General NSW v Trethowan 1931 44 CLR 394 1931 ALR 101 ref See also Legislation , Manner and form Repeal . References reflist Category Statutory law law stub ... more details
cyberbullying ref Legislation by country United States Cyberbullying versus cyberstalking See also .... The primary distinction is one of age if adults are involved, the act is usually termed cyberstalking ... free speech and cyber bullying ref In general, such organizations argue that while the need for legislation ..., New Jersey, and Missouri, the Prince case led to stricter anti bullying legislation in Massachusetts ... by his side governor signs legislation work The Boston Globe first Noah last Bierman title Grieving family by his side, governor signs legislation date 4 May 2010 ref Legislation at the state level Some U.S. states have begun to address the problem of cyberbullying. States that have passed legislation ... wa law.html ref Legislation at the federal level Attempts at legislating cyberbullying have been ... Prevention Act In 2009, Rep. Linda S nchez D CA brought legislation titled the Megan Meier Cyberbullying ... that since the target of such legislation is nominally teenagers, this would put an undue burden on the prison ... more details
unreferenced date August 2008 Expand list date January 2011 Waste legislation dictates the way waste should be managed and disposed of by some form of waste management . China China RoHS EU waste legislation Landfill Directive Waste Framework Directive Waste Incineration Directive WEEE Directive UK waste legislation Animal By Products Regulations ABPR Best practicable environmental option BPEO Certificate of Technical Competence COTC Control of pollution act Environment Act 1995 Environmental Impact Assessment Environmental Protection Act Landfill Allowance Trading Scheme LATS Landfill in the UK Landfill tax Landfill Tax Regulations Waste Management Licensing Regulations Statuatory recycling target s UK regulatory bodies Defra Environment Agency US legislation Expand section date January 2007 Superfund Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act CERCLA Superfund Medical Waste Tracking Act National Environmental Policy Act NEPA Established the Environmental Protection Agency, set out requirements for Environmental Impact Reporting for various kinds of development. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act RCRA One of the main pieces of Legislation regarding municipal solid waste, hazardous wastes, and disposal issues. US regulatory bodies United States Environmental Protection Agency EPA regulates generation and disposal of hazardous waste United States Department of Transportation DOT regulates transportation of hazardous waste Nuclear Regulatory Commission NRC regulates nuclear waste US state laws In addition to laws implementing or advancing portions of the US laws some US states have enacted laws on other waste and environmental subjects. California Proposition 65 1986 California Proposition 65 The Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986 ... wastes See also Waste management Waste management concepts waste DEFAULTSORT Waste Legislation Category Waste legislation de Abfallrecht Deutschland ... more details
History Great Britain br Edward Edwards librarian Edward Edwards of the British Museum was a firm believer of the establishment of public libraries with public funds through legislation. The thread was picked up by William Ewart and moved proposal in the Parliament of the Great Britain in 1849. On approval of the selection committee, Public Libraries Act 1850 the Bill was introduced in early 1850, which is a red letter day in the annals of the Library movement not only in the Great Britain, but also in the whole world, as it was the first Library Act to be ever enacted. Advantages of Library Legislation A Library Act provides the following advantages br 1. Helps in the establishment of an organized network of public libraries. br 2. A sound administrative set up. br 3. Proper and continuous financial support. br 4. Coordination in administration and management of public libraries. br 5. Centralized services like purchase, processing, bibliographical and other services can be provided conveniently. br 6. Possibility of providing quality library service, at qualified hands, free of charge. Functions The Advisory committee for Libraries constituted by the Government of India 1958 proposed the following five functions of library legislation br 1. It should clearly define the government s responsibility in the matter of public libraries. br 2. Legislation should lay down the constitution and functions of the library authority at national, state and district levels. br 3. Legislation should provide ans assured basis for library finance. There are two ways of providing a firm basis for library finance. br i A special library cess and br ii Reservation of a certain percentage of the education budget. br 4. Legislation should laydown the structure of the public library system. br 5. Legislation should provide for participation of the representative of the public, in the work of the public libraries at all levels. br Category Libraries ... more details
Special legislation also called local legislation is a legal term of art used in the United States which refers to acts of a State legislature United States state legislature which apply only to a specific municipality or a group thereof which is identified by name in the legislation. In some U.S. state state s, such as Pennsylvania , the state constitution prohibits special legislation though it is often possible for the legislature to evade this restriction by describing the community in great detail without mentioning its name. For example, Pennsylvania law defines certain powers of cities of the second class , which was originally defined specifically to apply only to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Pittsburgh the lower threshold of this class has been revised downward to accommodate a decline in Pittsburgh s population, with the effect that other cities not originally envisioned have become entitled to second class status. At the opposite end of the spectrum, in some states particularly the New England states the state legislature has plenary power plenary authority over municipalities, and may create or abolish them, or change their governing laws, at will. These states typically have very weak traditions of home rule , such that any significant legal change to a city or town s charter or governing laws, or an agreement between municipalities, must be authorized by an act of the legislature. There is usually a legal process by which a community may petition the legislature for such a change, and the outcome of this process, if the legislature consents, is special legislation. In the middle are states like Georgia U.S. state Georgia , where the state legislature must charter ... nge Article.jsp?id h 2865 ref The term special legislation may also apply in some states to legislation which names a particular person, as in appointment to a government position or conveyance ... community. See also Municipal ordinance References references DEFAULTSORT Special Legislation ... more details
and various kinds of municipalities also markup legislation and the process varies by locality. In some, the legislative branch actually marks up the legislation or budget since it is a piece of legislation ... more details
For related uses, see Rollback disambiguation In government and economic contexts, Rollback metaphorically denotes action to repeal, dismantle or otherwise diminish the effect of a law or regulation. Trade legislation The term was utilised by the Multilateral Agreement on Investment MAI Negotiating Group in the 1990s in the context of seeking to enforce legislative progress toward free trade . Rollback of Protectionism trade protective measures was to be made compulsory under the agreement. blockquote Rollback is the liberalisation process by which the reduction and eventual elimination of nonconforming measures to the MAI would take place. It is a dynamic element linked with standstill, which provides its starting point. Combined with standstill, it would produce a ratchet effect , where any new liberalisation measures would be locked in so they could not be rescinded or nullified over time. ref http www1.oecd.org daf mai pdf dg2 dg2953r1e.pdf Mechanisms for standstill, rollback and listing of country specific reservations Page 3 of note by MAI Negotiating Group chairman, OECD, 15 February 1996 ref blockquote References Reflist Category Law legislature stub ... more details
politics, in order to use a rider to force the passage of partisan legislation in a minority government ... 44 other existing pieces of legislation, which concerned health regulations, public education and foreign ... federal legislation Rider Category Legislatures fr Cavalier l gislatif it Clausola diritto ... more details
Knife legislation is defined as the legislation body of statutory law and or case law promulgated or enacted by a government or other governing jurisdiction that prohibits, criminalizes, or restricts the otherwise legal manufacture, importation, sale, transfer, possession, transport, and or use of knives . ref http www.merriam webster.com dictionary legislationLegislation , Merriam Webster Online Dictionary, retrieved 20 August 2011 ref The carrying of knives in public place public is forbidden or restricted by law in many countries. Exceptions may be made for hunting knives, pocket knives , and knives used for work related purposes chef s knives, etc. , depending upon the laws of a given jurisdiction. In turn, the carrying or possessing of certain type of knives perceived as deadly or offensive weapons such as automatic or switchblade knives or Butterfly knife butterfly knives Balisongs may be restricted or prohibited. Even where knives may be legally carried on the person generally, this right may not extend to all places and circumstances, and knives of any description may be prohibited at airports, schools, public buildings or courthouses, or at public events. Austria In Austria ... vol.2002, sum 52, published 2002 04 09 accessdate 2009 01 08 ref with no other legislation concerning ... Dz.U. 2009 nr 62 poz. 504 ref Latvia Latvian legislation Law On the Handling of Weapons defines knives ... of this type as of 13 June 1959. ref name ROOWA The above legislation criminalizes the conduct of the original ... in public places without lawful authority or reasonable excuse. Other relevant Scotland knife legislation ... of for educational purposes . This would appear to imply that all legislation on knives in public ... told , BBC News, 8 September 2009 ref Custodial Sentences and Weapons Act 2007 Further legislation ... of this Act came into force on 10 September 2007 . This legislation amends the Civic Government Scotland ... enacted anti knife legislation in reducing the number of violent crimes involving a knife ref Steele ... more details
Politics of Bhutan Bhutan ese legislation is created by the bicameral Parliament of Bhutan . Either the upper house National Council of Bhutan National Council , the lower house National Assembly of Bhutan National Assembly , or the Attorney General of Bhutan Attorney General may author bills to be passed as acts, with the exception of money and financial bills, which are the sole purview of the National Assembly. ref name CoBE ref name AG06 cite web url http www.oag.gov.bt wp content uploads 2010 07 Office of the Attorney General Act of Bhutan 2006 English.pdf format PDF title Office of the Attorney General Act of Bhutan 2006 publisher Government of Bhutan date 2006 06 30 accessdate 2011 01 23 ref When a bill has been introduced and passed by one house, it must present the bill to the other house within thirty days from the date of passing, and the bill may be passed during the next session of Parliament. ref name CoBE In the case of budget bills and urgent matters, a bill must be passed in the same session of Parliament. ref name CoBE cite web url http www.constitution.bt TsaThrim 20Eng 20 A5 .pdf format PDF title Constitution of the Kingdom of Bhutan English . Article 13 Passing of Bills publisher Government of Bhutan date 2008 07 18 accessdate 2011 01 01 ref Once bills have passed Parliament, they are submitted to the Druk Gyalpo King for royal assent within fifteen days. ref name CoBE If the other house neither passes nor returns the bill by the end of the next session, the bill is deemed to have passed, and the house in which the bill originated shall present the bill within fifteen days to the King for assent. ref name CoBE If the King does not grant assent to the bill, he returns the bill with amendments or objections for Parliament to deliberate and vote on the bill ... legislation on an alternate server cite web url http www.bhutan.gov.bt government acts.php?av id 0 ... law Category Bhutanese legislation Category Article Feedback 5 ... more details
wiktionary The word Primary when used alone may refer to any of the following Primary astronomy , the larger of two co orbiting bodies Primary is used for the name of the primary mirror in a telescope. Primary band , from Australia Primary circuit, electrical circuit in a Transformer that receives current, as opposed to secondary circuit A primary election by which a political party selects and nominates a candidate Power line that is fed to or from a transformer Primary film Primary film , 1960 documentary Primary LDS Church , children s Sunday School organization Primary song Primary song , by The Cure Primary, the oldest period in the Geologic time scale obsolete Primary , a song by Spoon from the album Telephono Primaries, remiges wing feathers in birds Primaries or primary beams, in E. E. Smith s science fiction series Lensman Mathematics In mathematics, primary generally refers to a prime power p sup k sup a prime number raised to a power or related concepts, including Primary decomposition , a decomposition into primary ideals Primary group, or simply p group p group , a group of prime power order Primary ideal s, a concept in commutative algebra Gaming Primary game Primary , a game on Armor Games . See also Swan nuclear explosive Primary , the first stage in a thermonuclear explosive, may also be used alone in a lower yield nuclear explosive Primary education , the first stage of compulsory education Primary field , a type of field in conformal field theory Primary Flight Training , in the U.S. Navy Primary FRCA , academic examination for anaesthetists in the U.K. Primary Music , Israeli record label Primary school , a school providing primary education Primary source disambig es Primario eo Primara fr Primaire it Primario ja ... more details
1 January 1979. ref The Interpretation Act 1978 , section 22 1 and Schedule 2, paragraph 4 1 a ref PrimarylegislationPrimaryLegislation is made by the legislative branch of government. In Northern ... in Council. Technically speaking these are secondary, or delegated legislation, and they are therefore given UK Statutory Instrument numbers. Orders in Council are however used as primarylegislation ...Orphan date February 2009 Context date October 2009 UK Legislative law is composed of primary and secondary or delegated legislation . Generally, primarylegislation provides the framework and subordinate legislation contains the details. Definition Section 24 5 of the Interpretation Act 1978 now reads Blockquote In this section Northern Ireland legislation means a Acts of the Parliament of Ireland ... 38 section 7 1991 02 01 section 7 2 ref were Northern Ireland legislation for the purposes of section ... Act, unless the contrary intention appears, the expression Northern Ireland legislation is to be construed ... Ireland legislation has the meaning assigned by section 24 5 of this Act. 1st January 1979 ref ... Assembly the Assembly . Legislation created by the Parliament of Northern Ireland , which operated ... in the enactment of such legislation. Excepted matters remain the remit of Westminster and were those ... date. Examples include the post office, criminal justice and administration of the courts. Naming Primarylegislation is titled by the Assembly as an Order and was titled by the old Northern Ireland ... civiljustice legal order legal order nir en.htm 1 accessdate 2007 08 25 ref Secondary Legislation All secondary legislation is derived from primarylegislation. Parliament cannot amend secondary legislation, but may reject or approve it. Secondary legislation is drafted by a branch of government A parent ... enact secondary legislation as Orders in Council . The Privy Council of Northern Ireland was created ... Office . Secondary Legislation is titled a Statutory Instrument when drafted by a Westminster department ... more details
the case where an Act empowers Ministers to use delegated legislation to amend primarylegislation so called Henry VIII powers . For example, the Deregulation and Contracting Out Act 1994 ... and Assembly, they are classified as primary, not delegated, legislation. Bibliography http www.opsi.gov.uk ...In the United Kingdom , delegated legislation is legislation or law that is passed otherwise than in an Act ... to make delegated legislation on a Government Minister government Minister or another person or body. Several thousand pieces of delegated legislation are made each year, compared with only a few ... of the United Kingdom ref Delegated legislation can be used for a wide variety of purposes, ranging ... in practice. Advantages and disadvantages The use of delegated legislation has a number of advantages ... the flying of civil aircraft within the United Kingdom ref Thirdly, delegated legislation is flexible ... when very swift action is required delegated legislation made under emergency powers can be drafted ... were made at 5pm on 5 December 2007 and came into effect at 6pm the same day ref Delegated legislation can also be criticised on the grounds that it is subject to less parliamentary scrutiny than primarylegislation but see the article on Statutory Instrument UK Statutory Instruments for a description ... controls were introduced. Similarly, delegated legislation may be viewed as a way of removing ... legislation. Because of this bulk, there is normally little publicity or knowledge about the changes that are being made. However there are both parliamentary and judicial controls on delegated legislation which are discussed below. Types of delegated legislation Delegated legislation can take ... types are not fixed, and which type of delegated legislation is used will be determined by the wording ... Commission to amended how a Charitable organization charity is governed. Directions delegated legislation ... parks or on board public transport . Making of delegated legislation Delegated legislation ... more details
The Oregon Direct Legislation League was an organization of political activists founded by William S. U Ren in the U.S. state of Oregon in 1898. U Ren had been politically activated by reading the influential 1893 book Direct Legislation Through the Initiative and Referendum , ref name directbook cite book first James William last Sullivan title Direct Legislation Through the Initiative and Referendum year 1893 url http books.google.com books?id BlRHHgAACAAJ publisher True Nationalist Publishing Company ref and the group s founding followed in the wake of the 1896 founding of the National Direct Legislation League, which itself had its roots in the Direct Legislation League of New Jersey and its short lived predecessor, the People s Power League. ref name Schmidt cite book last Schmidt first David D. title Citizen Lawmakers The Ballot Initiative Revolution publisher Philadelphia, PA Temple University Press year 1989 pages 7, 262 ref The group led efforts in the Oregon to establish a system of initiative and referendum , allowing direct legislation by the state s citizens. In 1902, the Oregon Legislative Assembly approved such a system, which was known at the time as the Oregon System. The group s further efforts led to successful ballot initiatives implementing a direct primary system in 1904, and allowing citizens to Recall election directly recall public officials in 1908. ref name OBB Initiative cite web title Initiative, Referendum and Recall Introduction work Oregon Blue Book publisher Salem, Oregon Oregon Secretary of State year 2006 url http bluebook.state.or.us state elections elections09.htm accessdate 2006 12 29 ref ref name Carey cite book last Carey first Charles Henry title History of Oregon publisher Chicago, Illinois Pioneer Publishing year 1922 pages 837 838 ref See also List of Oregon ballot measures References Reflist Oregon Modern History Oregon legislation Category 1898 establishments Category Organizations based in Oregon Category History of Oregon ... more details
countries of the United Kingdom . Citation of primarylegislation as a whole Each piece of legislation ... . Only a small number of Acts passed by these parliaments have been given a short title by later legislation. Primarylegislation passed by devolved bodies All legislation passed by the various devolved ... Ireland . Citation of specific provisions within an Act or other instrument Primarylegislation ... of United Kingdom legislation , including the systems used for legislation passed by devolution devolved parliaments and assemblies , for secondary legislation , and for prerogative instrument s. This subject is relatively complex both due to the different sources of legislation in the United ... Acts that originally lacked a short title were given one by later legislation, most notably by the Short ... of the different legislation passed in the two states. Older Acts may also have a conventional short title, such as Crewe s Act . Historic legislation The Parliament of the United Kingdom came into being on 1 January 1801 before that date, legislation was passed either by the Parliament of Great Britain ... May 1707 Old Style and New Style dates OS before that date, legislation was passed either by the Parliament ... 1921 1972 Each piece of legislation passed by the former Parliament of Northern Ireland Stormont ... legislation with NI appended to the chapter number. There is a difference in naming convention ... e.g., the Welsh Language Wales Measure 2011 is 2011 nawm 1 . Church of England legislation From 1920 ... the numbering conventions used for Westminster legislation, except that each Measure has a Number ... . Citation of secondary legislation as a whole incl. prerogative instruments With the exception of Northern Ireland secondary legislation, each piece of secondary legislation made in the United Kingdom ... Order in Council 1950 is cited as SI 1950 Vol. II p. 1555 . Older secondary legislation frequently ... Instruments relating to Northern Ireland Statutory instruments made by Order in Council as primary ... more details
Seat belt legislation in Canada is left to the provinces. Initially, seat belt use was not compulsory. Ontario was the first province to pass a law which required vehicle occupants to wear seat belts, a law that came into effect on January 1, 1976. ref cite web url http news.ontario.ca mto en 2010 12 seatbelts saving lives in ontario for 35 years.html title Seatbelts Saving Lives In Ontario For 35 Years publisher News.ontario.ca date accessdate 2011 11 13 ref All provinces in Canada have primary enforcement seat belt laws. Primary enforcement allows a police officer to stop and ticket a driver if s he observes a violation. Secondary enforcement means that a police officer may only stop or cite a driver for a seatbelt violation if the driver committed another primary violation such as speeding ... 2011 01 26 accessdate 2011 11 13 ref Image Flag of Alberta.svg 22px Alberta Primary Enforcement dts ... Primary Enforcement dts 1977 10 1 Age 16 in all seats 167 0 96.9 Image Flag of Manitoba.svg 22px Manitoba Primary Enforcement dts 1984 4 1 Age 16 in all seats 235 2 93.8 Image Flag of New Brunswick.svg 22px New Brunswick Primary Enforcement dts 1983 11 1 Age 16 in all seats 168 2 94.8 Image Flag of Newfoundland and Labrador.svg 22px Newfoundland and Labrador Primary Enforcement dts 1982 7 1 Age 16 in all seats 115 2 93.1 Image Flag of the Northwest Territories.svg 22px Northwest Territories Primary ... Scotia Primary Enforcement dts 1985 1 1 Age 16 in all seats 157.50 2 90.1 Image Flag of Ontario.svg 22px Ontario Primary Enforcement dts 1976 1 1 Age 16 in all seats 240 2 96.0 Image Flag of Prince Edward Island.svg 22px Prince Edward Island Primary Enforcement dts 1987 7 1 Age 16 in all seats 110 3 89.7 Image Flag of Quebec.svg 22px Quebec Primary Enforcement dts 1976 8 15 Age 16 in all seats 115 154 3 96.0 Image Flag of Saskatchewan.svg 22px Saskatchewan Primary Enforcement dts 1977 7 1 Age 16 in all seats 165 3 96.8 Image Flag of Yukon.svg 22px Yukon Primary Enforcement dts 1991 7 1 Age 15 ... more details
mergeto South African apartheid date August 2009 Apartheid legislation in South Africa Apartheid The Apartheid Legislation in South Africa was a series of different laws and Act of Parliament acts which were to help the apartheid government to enforce the segregation of different races and cement the power and the dominance by the Whites, of substantially European descent, over the other race groups. Starting in 1948, the Nationalist Government in South Africa enacted laws to define and enforce segregation. With the enactment of apartheid laws in 1948, racial discrimination was institutionalised. According to Economics economist Walter E. Williams , apartheid maintained white power by denying ... National Party , which came into power in 1948, formalized it through the law. The effect of the legislation ... africanhistory.about.com library bl blsalaws.htm African History Apartheid Legislation in South Africa ... created separate government structures for blacks. It was the first piece of legislation established ... accessdate 2007 03 14 publisher About.com ref To oversee the apartheid legislation, the bureaucracy ... legislation before apartheid Although apartheid as a comprehensive legislative project truly began ..., 1995. ref ref Smythe, N C The origins of apartheid race legislation in South Africa 1836 1910 ... in scheduled areas. ref Smythe, N C The origins of apartheid race legislation in South Africa 1836 1910 , p 262. ELM thesis, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 1995. ref Primary apartheid legislation The apartheid laws were enacted following the South African general election, 1948 1948 South African election and subsequent declaration of grand apartheid . The principal pieces of legislation ... library bl blsalaws.htm African History Apartheid Legislation in South Africa , About.Com . Accessed ... library bl blsalaws.htm African History Apartheid Legislation in South Africa , About.Com Segregation by type state collapsed DEFAULTSORT Apartheid Legislation In South Africa ... more details
Primary sources date February 2008 Image Fcnl img logo.png frame right Friends Committee on National Legislation logo The Friends Committee on National Legislation FCNL a 501 c 4 lobbying organization in the public interest founded in 1943 by members of the Religious Society of Friends . Its work currently centers around the peaceful prevention of conflict, the protection of the environment, the creation of a compassionate federal budget, nuclear disarmament, and a shift towards a peaceful foreign policy. FCNL s Executive Secretary is Diane Randall. Mission The organization s mission statement gives an overview of its vision for its work blockquote We seek a world free of war and the threat of war br We seek a society with equity and justice for all br We seek a community where every person s potential may be fulfilled br We seek an earth restored. blockquote ref name mission The complete mission statement can be found on http fcnl.org about govern policy FCNL s website . ref History FCNL is also the oldest registered, faith based lobby in the public interest in Washington, DC . FCNL has a General Committee of about 220 Quakers from across the United States . FCNL advocates on several issues that are extensions of the Religious Society of Friends testimonies Quaker testimonies of Peace Testimony peace , Testimony of Equality equality , Testimony of Simplicity simplicity , and Testimony of Integrity integrity . FCNL played a pivotal role in the creation of the Peace Corps , ref name PeaceCorp Representative Henry Reuss of Wisconsin stated that FCNL s role in the Corps creation was pivotal. http fcnl.org about history FCNL History ref was instrumental in lobbying for the creation of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency , played an important role in lobbying for the Civil Rights Act of 1964 , and participated in efforts to oppose the Gulf War Persian Gulf and Iraq War ... Friends Committee On National Legislation Category Organizations established in 1943 Category ... more details
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