wiktionarypar predictorPredictor may refer to a predictor variable, also known as an Dependent and independent variables independent variable the Kerrison Predictor , a military fire control computer something which makes a prediction a branch predictor , a part of many modern processors a type of railway level crossing circuit that tries to achieve a constant warning time by predicting the speed of the approaching train. See also Prediction disambiguation Predictand disambig ru pl Zmienna niezale na ... more details
distinguish Branch predication In computer architecture , a branch predictor is a Digital electronics ... predictor is to improve the flow in the instruction pipeline . Branch predictors are crucial in today ... in the pipeline. The branch predictor attempts to avoid this waste of time by trying to guess whether ... predictor. The first time a conditional jump instruction is encountered, there is not much information to base a prediction on. But the branch predictor keeps records of whether branches are taken or not taken ... base the prediction on the past history. The branch predictor may, for example, recognize that the conditional ... is not the same as Branch target predictor branch target prediction . Branch prediction attempts ... with a pointer to the next line. This next line predictor handles branch target predictor branch target prediction as well as branch direction prediction. When a next line predictor points to aligned ... cycle next line predictor. Saturating counter A saturating counter or bimodal predictor ... WRL Technical Report, TN 36, 1993 ref The predictor table is indexed with the instruction Memory address ... is decoded. Two level adaptive predictor Image Two level branch prediction.svg 420px thumb right Figure 3 Two level adaptive branch predictor. Every entry in the pattern history table represents ... counter. A two level adaptive predictor remembers the history of the last n occurrences of the branch .... The general rule for a two level adaptive predictor with an n bit history is that it can predict ... Fog Microarchitecture The advantage of the two level adaptive predictor is that it can quickly learn ... A local branch predictor has a separate history buffer for each conditional jump instruction. It may use a two level adaptive predictor. The history buffer is separate for each conditional jump instruction ... branch prediction A global branch predictor does not keep a separate history record for each conditional ... branch in case there are many other branches in between. It may use a two level adaptive predictor ... more details
Predictor were available for larger anti aircraft guns intended to be used against high ... in the Blitzkrieg . The Kerrison Predictor was a relatively simple device compared to high altitude ... went on to become Director of Aeronautical and Engineering Research at the British Admiralty. The Predictor ... were fed in via dials, which turned gearing inside the Predictor to calculate the range ... Bofors gun, allowing it to follow the predictor s indications automatically without manual intervention. The gunners simply kept the gun loaded, while the three aimers simply had to point the Predictor, mounted on a large tripod , at the target. The Kerrison predictor did not calculate fuse settings ... fused. The Predictor proved to be able to hit practically anything that flew in a straight line, and it was particularly ... and machinists, the Predictor was far too difficult for the Army to produce in any quantity. While the Predictor proved to be an excellent addition to the Bofors, it was not without its faults. The main ... introduced in late 1943. The No.7 anti aircraft composite predictor, also designed by Kerrison was similar ... Predictors for testing. During testing the Kerrison Predictor provided accurate fire control to a range ... Department standardized the Kerrison Predictor for use with the 37 mm gun. By February 1941 ... under the Lend Lease Program. The Predictor s plans were passed to Sperry , who were just .... With aircraft speeds increasing dramatically during the war, even the speed of the Kerrison Predictor proved lacking by the end. Nevertheless, the Predictor demonstrated that effective gunnery required ... more details
The Smith predictor invented by Otto J. M. Smith O. J. M. Smith in 1957 is a type of predictive Controller control theory controller for systems with pure time delay. The idea can be illustrated as follows. Suppose the plant consists of math G z math followed by a pure time delay math z k math . As a first step, suppose we only consider math G z math the plant without a delay and design a controller math C z math with a closed loop transfer function math H z frac C z G z 1 C z G z math that we consider satisfactory. Next, our objective is to design a controller math bar C z math for the plant math G z z k math so that the closed loop transfer function math bar H z math equals math H z z k math . Solving math frac bar C G z k 1 bar C G z k z k frac C G 1 C G math , we obtain math bar C frac C 1 CG 1 z k math . The controller is implemented as shown in the following figure, where math G z math has been changed to math hat G z math to indicate that it is a model used by the controller. Image Smith predictor 1.svg Note that there are two feedback loops. The outer control loop feeds the output back to the input, as usual. However, this loop alone would not provide satisfactory control, because of the delay this loop is feeding back outdated information. Intuitively, for the k seconds during which no fresh information is available, the system is controlled by the inner loop which contains a predictor of what the unobservable output of the plant G currently is. To check that this works, a re arrangement can be made as follows Image Smith predictor 2.svg Here we can see that if the model used in the controller, math hat G z z k math , matches the plant math G z z k math perfectly, then the outer and middle feedback loops cancel each other, and the controller generates the correct control action. References K. Warwick and D. Rees, Industrial Digital Control Systems , IET, 1988. http books.google.com books?id 4dURB2NTstAC&pg PA100&dq 22smith predictor 22 inauthor warwick&lr &as brr ... more details
Mehrotra s predictor corrector method in Optimization mathematics optimization is an implementation of interior point method s. It was proposed in 1989 by Sanjay Mehrotra . ref cite journal last Mehrotra first S. title On the implementation of a primal dual interior point method journal SIAM Journal on Optimization volume 2 year 1992 issue 4 pages 575 601 doi 10.1137 0802028 ref The method is based on the fact that at each iteration of an interior point algorithm it is necessary to compute the Cholesky decomposition factorization of a large matrix in order to find the search direction. The factorization step is the most computationally expensive step in the algorithm. Therefore it makes sense to use the same decomposition more than once before recomputing it. At each iteration of the algorithm, Mehrotra s predictor corrector method uses the same Cholesky decomposition to find two different directions a predictor and a corrector. The idea is to first compute an optimizing search direction based on a first order term predictor . The step size that can be taken in this direction is used to evaluate how much centrality correction is needed. Then, a corrector term is computed this contains both a centrality term and a second order term. The complete search direction is the sum of the predictor direction and the corrector direction. Although there is no theoretical complexity bound on it yet, Mehrotra s predictor corrector method is widely used in practice. ref In 1989, Mehrotra described a practical algorithm for linear programming that remains the basis of most current software his work appeared in 1992. p cite journal last Potra first Florian A. coauthors Stephen J. Wright title Interior point methods journal Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics volume 124 year 2000 issue 1 2 pages 281 302 doi 10.1016 S0377 0427 00 00433 7 ref Its corrector step uses the same Cholesky decomposition found during the predictor step in an effective way, and thus it is only marginally ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2007 In computer architecture , a branch target predictor is the part of a processor that predicts the target of a taken conditional branch or an unconditional branch instruction before the target of the branch instruction is computed by the execution unit of the processor. Branch target prediction is not the same as branch prediction . Branch prediction attempts to guess whether a conditional branch will be taken or not taken i.e., sequential . In more parallel processor designs, as the instruction cache latency grows longer and the fetch width grows wider, branch target extraction becomes a bottleneck. The recurrence is Instruction cache fetches block of instructions Instructions in block are scanned to identify branches First predicted taken branch is identified Target of that branch is computed Instruction fetch restarts at branch target In machines where this recurrence takes two cycles, the machine loses one full cycle of fetch after every predicted taken branch. As predicted branches happen every 10 instructions or so, this can force a substantial drop in fetch bandwidth. Some machines with longer instruction cache latencies would have an even larger loss. To ameliorate the loss, some machines implement branch target prediction given the address of a branch, they predict the target of that branch. A refinement of the idea predicts the start of a sequential run of instructions given the address of the start of the previous sequential run of instructions. This predictor reduces the recurrence above to Hash the address of the first instruction in a run Fetch the prediction for the addresses of the targets of branches in that run of instructions Select the address corresponding to the branch predicted taken As the predictor RAM can be 5 10 of the size of the instruction cache, the fetch happens much faster than the instruction cache fetch, and so ... target addresses of target branches. Category Instruction processing it Branch target predictor ... more details
In mathematics , particularly numerical analysis , a predictor corrector method is an algorithm that proceeds in two steps. First, the prediction step calculates a rough approximation of the desired quantity. Second, the corrector step refines the initial approximation using another means. TOC Example In approximating the solution to a first order ordinary differential equation , suppose one knows the solution points math y 0 math and math y 1 math at times math t 0 math and math t 1 math . By fitting a cubic polynomial to the points and their derivatives obtained from the differential equation , one can predict a point math tilde y 2 math by Extrapolation extrapolating to a future time math t 2 math . Using the new value math tilde y 2 math and its derivative there, math tilde y 2 math along with the previous points and their derivatives, one can then better Interpolation interpolate the derivative between math t 1 math and math t 2 math to get a better approximation math y 2 math . The interpolation and subsequent integration of the differential equation constitute the corrector step. Euler trapezoidal example Example of an Euler trapezoidal predictor corrector method. In this example math h math math Delta t math , math t i 1 t i Delta t t i h math math y f t,y , quad y t 0 y 0. math First calculate an initial guess value math tilde y g math via Euler math tilde y g y i h f t i,y i math Next, improve the initial guess through iteration of the trapezoidal rule. This iteration process normally converges quickly. math tilde y g 1 y i frac h 2 f t i, y i f t i 1 , tilde y g . math math tilde y g 2 y i frac h 2 f t i, y i f t i 1 , tilde y g 1 . math ... math tilde y g n y i ... predictor corrector method Numerical continuation External links MathWorld title Predictor Corrector Methods urlname Predictor CorrectorMethods http www.fisica.uniud.it ercolessi md md node22.html Predictor corrector methods for differential equations Category Algorithms Category Numerical analysis ... more details
Merge Grade crossing signals date July 2010 Unreferenced date October 2008 A grade crossing predictor is an electronic device which is connected to the rails of a railroad track, and activates the crossing s Grade crossing signals warning devices lights, bells, gates, etc. at a consistent interval prior to the arrival of a train at a grade crossing . History First developed in concept by Stanford Research in the late 1950s at the request of the Southern Pacific Company the Southern Pacific Railroad , now merged into the Union Pacific Railroad , the design goal of the grade crossing predictor was to provide a consistent warning time for trains approaching a grade crossing. Previously, the circuits used for activating a crossing s warning devices were very simple, and activated them whenever a train came within a fixed distance hundreds or thousands of feet of the crossing. This method required that the crossing be designed to accommodate a train approaching at the track speed limit, which leads to a longer warning times for trains approaching the crossing at lower speeds. Very slow trains could have many minutes of warning time, thus delaying highway traffic unnecessarily. Technology All grade crossing predictors rely on the changes in the electrical characteristics of the rails that occur as a train approaches the point at which the predictor is connected to the rails the feedpoint . A railroad track occupied by a train or other electrical shunt can be viewed as a single turn inductor shaped like a hairpin. As the train approaches the feedpoint, the area enclosed by the inductor diminishes, thus reducing the inductance . This inductance can be measured by connecting a constant current alternating current source to the rails, and measuring the voltage which results. By Ohm s Law , the voltage measured will be proportional to the impedance. The absolute magnitude of this voltage and its rate of change can then be used to compute the amount of time remaining before the train ... more details
Summary Archival image related to http en.wikipedia.org wiki Image 2007 Clemson Tigers Football predictions based on Sagarin.gif Licensing self GFDL cc by 3.0 ... more details
These are the results for the 2001 edition of the Paris Roubaix cycling classic , in which Servais Knaven won and Predictor Lotto Domo Farm Frites team took all positions in the podium. General standings 15 04 2001 Compi gne Roubaix, 254.5 km class wikitable style background ccccff Cyclist Team Time 1 Servais Knaven Predictor Lotto Domo Farm Frites 6h 45 00 2 Johan Museeuw Predictor Lotto Domo Farm Frites 34 3 Rom ns Vain teins Predictor Lotto Domo Farm Frites 41 4 George Hincapie Discovery Channel Pro Cycling Team US Postal Service s.t. 5 Wilfried Peeters Predictor Lotto Domo Farm Frites s.t. 6 Ludo Dierckxsens Lampre Fondital Lampre Daikin s.t. 7 Steffen Wesemann T Mobile Team Deutsche Telekom s.t. 8 Andrei Tchmil Predictor Lotto Lotto Adecco 2 35 9 Chris Peers Cofidis cycling team Cofidis s.t. 10 Rolf Sorensen Team CSC CSC World Online 2 59 Paris Roubaix DEFAULTSORT Paris Roubaix 2001 Category Paris Roubaix 2001 Category 2001 in road cycling Category 2001 in France es Par s Roubaix 2001 fr Paris Roubaix 2001 it Parigi Roubaix 2001 nl Parijs Roubaix 2001 ... more details
BHR may refer to flagicon BHR Bahrain using ISO 3166 1 alpha 3 country code Bronchial hyperresponsiveness hip resurfacing Birmingham Hip Resurfacing Bahrain Kingdom of Bahrain Branch predictor Two level adaptive predictor branch history register disambig de BHR eo BHR fr BHR it BHR lt BHR ... more details
The positive replication error phenotype RER defines a subgroup of tumors that have been documented well in Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer HNPCC . More recently, this phenotype also has been described in breast carcinoma and is a predictor of metastases . ref http cat.inist.fr ?aModele afficheN&cpsidt 15484040 ref Reflist Category Oncology ... more details
A re order buffer ROB is used in a Tomasulo algorithm for out of order execution out of order instruction execution. It allows instructions to be committed in order. Additional benefits include allowing for precise Exception handling exceptions and easy Rollback data management rollback for control of Branch target predictor target address mispredictions branch or jump . External links http lgjohn.okstate.edu 6253 lectures reorder.pdf Reorder Buffer Category Instruction processing comp sci stub it Buffer di riordino tr Yeniden s ralama belle i ... more details
Kerrison may refer to Shane Kerrison born 1965 , a former Australian rules footballer who played for Collingwood in the Australian Football League Sir Edward Kerrison, 1st Baronet , GCH, KCB 1776&ndash 1853 , a British Army officer and politician Sir Edward Kerrison, 2nd Baronet 1821&ndash 1886 , a British Conservative Party politician See also Kerrison Predictor , one of the first fully automated anti aircraft fire control systems surname ... more details
A person is playing a game operated by the Predictor , an entity somehow presented as being exceptionally skilled at predicting people s actions. The exact nature of the Predictor varies between ... infallible and incapable of error. The Predictor can be presented as a psychic , as a superintelligent alien, as a deity , etc. However, the original discussion by Nozick says only that the Predictor ..., the Predictor makes a prediction as to whether the player of the game will take just box B, or both boxes. If the Predictor predicts that both boxes will be taken, then box B will contain nothing. If the Predictor predicts that only box B will be taken, then box B will contain 1,000,000. By the time ... either 0 or 1,000,000 before the game begins, and once the game begins even the Predictor is powerless ... on the Predictor s prediction, and knowledge of the Predictor s infallibility. The only information withheld from the player is what prediction the Predictor made, and thus what the contents of box ... the Predictor has made, taking both boxes yields more money. That is, if the prediction is for both ... the possibilities that return 0 and 1,001,000, as they both require that the Predictor has made an incorrect prediction, and the problem states that the Predictor is almost never wrong. Thus, the choice ... believes that the predictor can correctly predict any thoughts he or she will have, but has access to some source of random numbers that the predictor cannot predict say, a coin to flip, or a quantum process , then the game depends on how the predictor will react to correctly knowing that the player will use such a process. If the predictor predicts by reproducing the player s process, then the player should open both boxes with 1 2 probability and will receive an average of 251,000 if the predictor ... probability and will receive an average of 500,999.99 and if the predictor places 0 whenever they believe ... of doing precisely this affecting a past event. The prediction of the Predictor establishes equivalence ... more details
predict dependences. This predictor may delay loads longer than necessary and hence result ... loads only as long as it is necessary by predicting the exact store a load should wait for. This predictor predicts exact dependences store and load pair . The synonym predictor sup 4 sup groups together all dependences that share a common load or store instruction. The store sets sup 1 sup predictor ... may dependent upon. The store barrier sup 2 sup predictor treats certain store instructions as barriers .... The store barrier predictor does not explicitly predict dependences. This predictor may unnecessarily ... is analogous to branch predictor branch prediction for conditional branch instructions. In branch prediction, the branch predictor predicts which way the branch will resolve before it is known ... can be thought of as a two step process. First, the predictor determines the direction of the branch taken or not . This is a binary decision. Then, the predictor determines the actual target address. Similarly, memory dependence prediction can be thought of as a two step process. First, the predictor ... more details
In statistical analysis , Freedman s paradox , ref Freedman, D. A. 1983 A note on screening regression analysis regression equations. The American Statistician , 37 , 152&ndash 155. ref named after David A. Freedman statistician David Freedman , describes a problem in model selection whereby Dependent and independent variables predictor variables with no explanatory power can appear artificially important. Freedman demonstrated through simulation and asymptotic calculation that this is a common occurrence when the number of variables is similar to the number of data points. Recently, new information theory information theoretic estimators have been developed in an attempt to reduce this problem, ref Lukacs, P. M., Burnham, K. P. & Anderson, D. R. 2009 Model selection bias and Freedman s paradox. Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics , 62 1 , 117&ndash 125 doi 10.1007 s10463 009 0234 4 ref in addition to the accompanying issue of model selection bias, ref Burnham, K. P., & Anderson, D. R. 2002 . Model Selection and Multimodel Inference A Practical Theoretic Approach, 2nd ed. Springer Verlag. ref whereby estimators of predictor variables that have a weak relationship with the response variable are biased. References references Category Regression variable selection Category Statistical paradoxes Statistics stub ... more details
Merge Grade crossing predictor date July 2010 Grade Crossing Signals are the warning devices for road vehicle s at railroad grade crossing s. The basic signal consists of two sets of flashing red lights, one on the front and one on the back, a sign that says Railroad Crossing, and a bell. At crossings that typically get train s going at about 30 mph. or more, there will be a gate added to the signal. At most crossings, the signals will activate about 30 seconds before the train arrives. The gates will get down 15 20 seconds before the train arrives. The gates will rise or the signals will shut off about 5 seconds after the train passes. The time interval may be controlled by a Grade crossing predictor . See also Crossing sequence railways Mars Light Train horn References 1. http gsee.sdf us.org signals siglinks siglinks.html External links http gsee.sdf us.org signals siglinks siglinks.html American Railroad Signal Links Categories DEFAULTSORT Grade Crossing Signals Category Level crossings Category Rail technologies Category Safety equipment ... more details
In statistics , a proper linear model is a linear regression model in which the weights given to the predictor Variable mathematics variables are chosen in such a way as to optimize the relationship between the prediction and the criterion. Simple regression analysis is the most common example of a proper linear model. Unit weighted regression is the most common example of an improper linear model . Bibliography Dawes, R. M. 1979 . The robust beauty of improper linear models in decision making. American Psychologist, 34, 571&ndash 582. refend Category Regression analysis Statistics stub eo Vikipedio Projekto matematiko Pozitiva lineara modelo ... more details
Wiktionary A set of points is collinear also co linear or colinear if they lie on a single straight line or a projective line for example, projective line over any field mathematics field . Applications of the concept include In mathematics Line geometry , an idealized geometrical object with no width or height but infinite length Multicollinearity , a statistical phenomenon in which two or more predictor variables in a multiple regression model are highly correlated Colinear map , the dual notion of a linear map in comodule theory Concurrent lines in projective geometry, the dual notion of collinear points In engineering Collinear antenna array Collinearity equation Disambig is Saml nuleiki pt Colinearidade ... more details
wiktionarypar prediction A Prediction is a statement or claim that a particular event will occur in the future. Prediction may also refer to Prediction , a song by Steel Pulse from their 1978 album Handsworth Revolution The Prediction , a song by Nas from his 1999 album Nastradamus The Prediction , a song by A Thorn for Every Heart from their 2004 album Things Aren t So Beautiful Now PREDICT, an Internet traffic data repository, or the PREDICT Coordination Center, both sponsored by the United States Department of Homeland Security See also Category Prediction Predictable disambiguation Predictor disambiguation disambig ... more details
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