Nuclear physics Positronemission or beta plus decay Beta particle sup sup decay is a type of beta decay in which a proton is converted, via the weak force , to a neutron , releasing a positron the antimatter counterpart of an electron and a neutrino . Isotope s which undergo this decay and thereby emit positrons include carbon 11 , Isotopes of potassium potassium 40 , nitrogen 13 , Isotopes of oxygen oxygen 15 , fluorine 18 , and Isotopes of iodine iodine 121 . As an example, the following equation describes the beta plus decay of carbon 11 to boron 11, emitting a positron and a neutrino Autogenerated using Phykiformulae 0.12 User SkyLined Phykiformulae C 11 B 11 e ve 0.96 MeV border 0 style height 2em Nuclide Link carbon 11 Nuclide Link boron 11 SubatomicParticle link yes Positron SubatomicParticle link yes Electron Neutrino 0.96 electron volt MeV Inside protons and neutrons, there are fundamental particles called quark s. The two most common types of quarks are up quarks, which have a charge of sup 2 sup sub 3 sub and down quarks ... quarks to down quarks. It is this that causes beta radiation. Positronemission happens when an up quark changes into a down quark. These isotopes are used in positronemission tomography , a technique ... decay by positronemission. Nuclei which decay by positronemission may also decay by electron ... c sup 2 sup 1.022 MeV, since the final state has an electron removed rather than a positron added. As the energy of the decay goes up, so does the branching ratio towards positronemission. However, if the energy difference is less than 2 m sub e sub c sup 2 sup , then positronemission cannot ... energy is too small for positronemission. External links Image Ndslivechart.png http www nds.iaea.org ... DEFAULTSORT PositronEmission Categories Category Nuclear physics Category Radioactivity Category ... Pemancaran positron ja pl Rozpad beta plus ru ... more details
Diagnostic infobox Name PAGENAME Image Caption ICD10 CH3 ICD9 MeshID OPS301 OtherCodes Positronemission mammography is a modality used to detect breast cancer . ref cite journal doi 10.2967 jnumed.109.064345 pmid 19759118 pmc 2873041 volume 50 issue 10 title Clinical imaging characteristics of the positronemission mammography camera PEM Flex Solo II year 2009 month October journal J. Nucl. Med. pages 1666 75 ref It is approved for patients with a history of breast cancer . ref name TartarComstock2008 cite book last1 Tartar first1 Marie last2 Comstock first2 Christopher E. last3 Kipper first3 Michael S. title Breast cancer imaging a multidisciplinary, multimodality approach url http books.google.com books?id 7VRF2Vvb4 UC&pg PA88 accessdate 18 July 2011 year 2008 publisher Elsevier Health Sciences isbn 9780323046770 pages 88 ref References reflist NCI cancer dict Category 2d nuclear medical imaging Category Breast imaging Category Cancer screening Oncology stub Breast procedures Medical imaging ... more details
Interventions infobox Name Positronemission tomography Image Caption ICD10 C?3 ICD9 ICD9proc 92.0 ICD9proc ... Image of a typical positronemission tomography PET facility File 16slicePETCT.jpg thumb 250px ... Positronemission tomography PET ref cite book title PositronEmission Tomography Basic Sciences last ... ?SGWID 0 102 24 0 0&searchType EASY CDA&queryText PositronEmission Tomography 3A Basic Sciences ... and others at Washington University School of Medicine . ref cite journal title A positronemission ... process As the radioisotope undergoes positronemission decay also known as positive beta ... Tesla unit tesla magnetic resonance tomograph MRT combined with a positronemission tomograph PET . Presently ... fluorodeoxyglucose and positronemission tomography review and 1999 EORTC recommendations journal ... connecting the two detectors along which the positronemission occurred i.e., the line of response ... first7 J last8 V lim ki first8 M last9 N gren first9 K ref Neuroimaging main Brain positronemission ... thioflavin T derivative for positronemission tomography PET imaging of amyloid in brain author ... and Chemical Biology Tobias Ritter A new chemical process ... may increase the utility of positronemission ... real time imaging of transplanted islets using positronemission tomography PET a protocol , Nature ... medicine podcast Podcast http www.np.ph.bham.ac.uk pic pept.htm PositronEmission Particle .... The system detects pairs of gamma ray s emitted indirectly by a positron emitting radionuclide ... types of molecules of interest. History The concept of emission and transmission tomography was introduced ... radiation for medical imaging. ref cite journal title Localization of brain tumors with positron ... most responsible for the acceptance of positron imaging was the development of radiopharmaceuticals ... demonstrated the concentration of FDG in that organ. Later, the substance was used in dedicated positron tomographic scanners, to yield the modern procedure. The logical extension of positron instrumentation ... more details
Diagnostic infobox Name PAGENAME Image Caption PET scan of a normal 20 year old brain. ICD10 C030 ICD9 MeshID OPS301 OtherCodes Positron emission tomography PET measures emissions from radioactively labeled metabolically active chemicals that have been injected into the bloodstream. The emission data are computer processed to produce multi dimensional images of the distribution of the chemicals throughout the brain. ref Lars Goran Nilsson and Hans J. Markowitsch 1999 . Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory . Seattle Hogrefe & Huber Publishers., page 57 ref Process The positron emitting radioisotope s used are usually produced by a cyclotron , and chemicals are labeled with these radioactive atoms. The labeled compound, called a radiotracer , is injected into the bloodstream and eventually makes its way to the brain through blood circulation. Detectors in the PET scanner detect the radioactivity as the compound accumulates in various regions of the brain. A computer uses the data gathered by the detectors to create multi dimensional normally 3 dimensional volumetric or 4 dimensional time varying images that show the distribution of the radiotracer in the brain. Especially useful are a wide array of ligands used to map different aspects of neurotransmitter activity, with by far the most commonly used PET tracer being a labeled form of glucose see Fluorodeoxyglucose 18F FDG . Advantages and disadvantages The greatest benefit of PET scanning is that different compounds can show blood flow and oxygen and glucose metabolism in the tissues of the working brain. These measurements reflect the amount of brain activity in the various regions of the brain and allow to learn more about how the brain works. PET scans were superior to all other metabolic imaging methods in terms of resolution and speed of completion as little as 30 seconds , when they first became available. The improved resolution permitted better study to be made as to the area of the brain activated by a particular ... more details
electron positron annihilation . Positrons may be generated by positronemission radioactive decay ... and to search for new kinds of particles. Gamma rays, emitted indirectly by a positron emitting radionuclide tracer , are detected in positronemission tomography PET scanners used in hospitals. PET ...Other uses Positron disambiguation Infobox Particle bgcolour name Positron antielectron image File PositronDiscovery.jpg 200px caption Cloud chamber photograph by C.D. Anderson of the first positron ever identified. A 6 mm lead plate separates the upper half of the chamber from the lower half. The positron ... Beta , SubatomicParticle Positron mass val 9.10938215 45 e 31 u kg ref name CODATA br ... CODATA color charge spin frac 1 2 num spin states The positron or antielectron is the antiparticle or the antimatter counterpart of the electron . The positron has an electric charge of 1e, a spin physics spin of , and has the same mass as an electron. When a low energy positron collides with a low ... Antimatter Dmitri Skobeltsyn first observed the positron in 1929. ref cite book author Frank Close ... Springer isbn 978 0387951751 ref Carl D. Anderson discovered the positron on August 2, 1932, ref cite ... ref Anderson also coined the term positron . The positron was the first evidence of antimatter and was discovered ... charge. The ion trail left by each positron appeared on the photographic plate with a curvature .... citation needed date August 2011 Anderson wrote in retrospect that the positron could have ... Springer year 2006 isbn 0387323023 pages 2 3 ref An experimental tool called positron annihilation spectroscopy ..., or even voids, within a solid material. ref cite web title Introduction to Positron Research url http www.stolaf.edu academics positron intro.htm work St. Olaf College ref See also Beta particle Radioactive decay List of particles Positronemission tomography Positronium Proton Positronic brain Notes reflist group note References Reflist External links http www.positron.edu.au faq.html What is a Positron ... more details
wiktionary emission emissions Emission may refer to Flue gas , also Exhaust gas , flue gas occurring as a result of the combustion of a fuel Emission of Air pollution air pollutant s Greenhouse gas Greenhouse gas emissions Emission of greenhouse gases , a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range Emission electromagnetic radiation , the process by which the energy of a photon is released by another entity Emission radiocommunications , the radio signal usually modulated emitted from a radio transmitter Emission coefficient , a coefficient in the power output per unit time of an electromagnetic source Emission factor Emission line , or spectral line , a dark or bright line in an otherwise uniform and continuous spectrum Emission nebula , a cloud of ionized gas emitting light of various colors Emission spectroscopy , photoemission spectroscopy, flame emission spectroscopy and other types of spectroscopy Emission standard , requirements that set specific limits to the amount of pollutants that can be released into the environment Emission theory , a competing theory for the special theory of relativity, explaining the results of the Michelson Morley experiment Emission theory vision , the proposal that visual perception is accomplished by rays of light emitted by the eyes Emissions trading , a market based approach used to control pollution ... , the ejecting of semen from the penis also, specifically Nocturnal emission , ejaculation experienced during sleep Light emission Thermionic emission , the flow of charged particles called thermions ... Noise emission see Noise Exhalation , especially where the velocity of exhaled air can influence the harmonic ... See also Emissions control disambiguation disambiguation als Emission bg cs Emise da Emission de Emission fr mission lv Emisija lt Emisija nl Emissie no Emisjon nn Emisjon pl Emisja pt Emiss o rm Emissiun ru simple Emission sr fi Emissio sv Emission uk ... more details
A positron is an elementary particle of antimatter . Positron may also refer to Positron , a 1993 trance track by Cygnus X Positron bicycle shifting system from Shimano Positron City of Heroes , the comic video game character Positronemission , the radioactive decay Positronic brain , the fictional device conceived by Isaac Asimov Positron Public Safety Systems , a manufacturer of Enhanced 9 1 1 Telephone Systems Positron Records , the Chicago based independent record label Positron video game , the 1983 video game published by Micro Power Disambig ... more details
Primarysources date December 2009 Notability companies date December 2009 infobox record label image Image Positron.gif 150px image bg black founded 1998 founder Chris Randall musician Chris Randall country United States of America U.S. location Chicago , Illinois genre Electronic music Electronic , Industrial rock url http www.positronrecords.com PositronRecords.com Positron Records is an independent record label based in Chicago , Illinois . The label was founded in 1998 in music 1998 by Chris Randall musician Chris Randall , frontman of the Industrial music industrial band Sister Machine Gun . Positron describes itself as an anti label because they release only a handful of albums and give as much support to each release as they can. ref http www.positronrecords.com posifaq.php Positron Records posiFAQ Bot generated title ref The label also features a Creative Commons licenses Creative Commons license for some of its albums, allowing individuals to upload those songs to peer to peer websites as well as Sampling music sample parts of those songs for private or commercial usage. ref http www.positronrecords.com cc index.php Positron Records Creative Commons Bot generated title ref Artists The Atomica Project Bizarbies Bounte Eco Hed Chris Randall musician Chris Randall under his own name and also as Micronaut S. Sturgis Scanalyzer Sister Machine Gun and spin off Amish Rake Fight Matt Walker drummer Matt Walker as Beautiful Assassins and also Impossible Recording Machine Label compilations Komposi001 Komposi002 Komposi003 See also List of record labels External links http www.positronrecords.com Official site MySpace positronrecords Positron Records References reflist Category Record labels established in 1998 Category Industrial record labels Category Electronic music record labels Category American independent record labels Category Companies based in Chicago, Illinois ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 A spurious emission is any radio frequency not deliberately created or transmitted, especially in a device which normally does create other frequencies. A harmonic or other signal outside a transmitter s assigned channel would be considered a spurious emission. From ITU, 1.145 Spurious emissionEmission on a frequency or frequencies which are outside the necessary bandwidth and the level of which may be reduced without affecting the corresponding transmission of information. Spurious emissions include harmonic emissions, parasitic emissions, intermodulation products and frequency conversion products but exclude out of band emissions. DEFAULTSORT Spurious Emission Category Radio technology ja Telecomm stub ... more details
Proton emission also known as proton radioactivity is a type of radioactive decay in which a proton is ejected from a atomic nucleus nucleus . Image Zerfallsschema.png left thumb 300px The decay of a proton rich nucleus A populates excited states of a daughter nucleus B by emission or electron capture EC . Those excited states that lie below the separation energy for protons Sp decay by emission towards the groundstate of daughter B. For the higher excited states a competitive decay channel of proton emission to the granddaughter C exists, called delayed proton emission. Proton emission can occur from high lying excited states in a nucleus following a beta decay , in which case the process is known as beta delayed proton emission, or can occur from the ground state or a low lying nuclear isomer isomer of very proton rich nuclei, in which case the process is very similar to alpha decay . For a proton to escape a nucleus, the proton separation energy must be negative the proton is therefore unbound, and Quantum tunneling tunnels out of the nucleus in a finite time. Proton emission is not seen in naturally occurring isotopes proton emitters can be produced via nuclear reaction s, usually utilising some kind of particle accelerator . Although prompt i.e. not beta delayed proton emission was observed from an isomer in Cobalt Isotopes Cobalt 53 as early as 1969, no other proton emitting states were found until 1981, when the proton radioactive ground states of Lutetium Isotopes Lutetium 151 and Thulium Isotopes Thulium 147 were observed at experiments at the Gesellschaft f r Schwerionenforschung GSI in West Germany. Citation needed date December 2007 Research in the field ... emission. The study of proton emission has aided the understanding of nuclear deformation, masses ... emission of two protons was observed from the nucleus Iron Isotopes Iron 45 in experiments at Gesellschaft ... Emission Categories Category Nuclear physics Category Radioactivity Interwiki de Protonenemission fr ... more details
In atomic physics , exoelectron emission EE is a weak electron emission, appearing only from pretreated irradiated, deformed etc objects. ref name Oster1999 citation last Oster first L. year 1999 title Classification of Exoelectron Emission Mechanisms journal Phys. Status Solidi A volume 174 issue 2 pages 431 doi 10.1002 SICI 1521 396X 199908 174 2 431 AID PSSA431 3.0.CO 2 Z last2 Yaskolko first2 V. last3 Haddad first3 J. bibcode 1999PSSAR.174..431O ref ref name Gerasimov1976 citation last Gerasimov first A. B. year 1976 title On the physical mechanism of exoelectron emission journal Phys. Status Solidi A volume 35 issue 2 pages K131 doi 10.1002 pssa.2210350256 last2 Dolidze first2 G. M. last3 Mizandari first3 L. A. last4 Tsertsvadze first4 A. A. bibcode 1976PSSAR..35..131G ref The pretreatment excitation turns the objects into an unequilibrial state. EE accompanies the relaxation of these unequilibria. The relaxation can be stimulated e.g. by slight heating or longwave illumination, not causing emission from untreated samples. Accordingly, thermo and photostimulated EE TSEE, PSEE are distinguished. Thus, EE is an electron emission analogue of such optical phenomena as phosphorescence , thermo and photostimulated luminescence . References Reflist Category Atomic, molecular, and optical physics nuclear stub ... more details
Zero emission refers to an engine , electric motor motor , or other energy source, that emits no waste products that pollutes the environment or disrupts the climate. Zero emission engines Vehicles and other mobile machinery used for transport over land, sea, air, rail and for other uses agricultural, mobile power generation, etc contribute heavily to climate change and pollution, so zero emission engines are an area of active research. These technologies almost in all cases include an Electric motor electric engine powered by an energy source compact enough to be installed in the vehicle. These sources include hydrogen fuel cell s, Traction battery batteries , supercapacitors , and flywheel energy storage devices. In some cases, such as Air engine compressed air engines , the engine may be mechanical rather than electrical. This mechanical engine is then powered by a passive energy source like compressed air , or a combustible non polluting gas like hydrogen . The above engines can be used in all vehicles, from cars to boats to propeller airplanes. For boats, energy sources such as nuclear power and Photovoltaics solar panels can also be a viable option, in addition to traditional sail s and turbosail s. A concept like vegetable oil economy produces emissions however, the only emissions are things that were first taken out of the atmosphere when the plants were growing. So there is no net emission. See also Air engine Carbon neutrality Zero emission project Zero Emissions Research and Initiatives Zero emissions vehicle References cite book last Dixon first Lloyd coauthors Isaac Porche, Jonathan Kulick title Driving Emissions to Zero Are the Benefits of California s Zero Emission Vehicle Program Worth the Costs? publisher RAND Corporation date 2002 isbn 0 8330 3212 7 External ... Description of what zero emission means Category Green vehicles Category Zero emissions vehicles Category Emission standards de Nullemission it Emissioni zero ja ... more details
The emission spectrum of a chemical element or chemical compound is the spectrum of frequencies of electromagnetic ... to a lower energy state. Each element s emission spectrum is unique. Therefore, spectroscopy can be used to identify the elements in matter of unknown composition. Similarly, the emission spectra of molecules can be used in chemical analysis of substances. Emission light In physics , emission ... one through the emission of a photon , resulting in the production of light . The frequency ... properties of the object through the Stefan Boltzmann law . For most substances, the amount of emission ... to the appearance of color temperature and emission lines . Precise measurements at many wavelengths allow the identification of a substance via emission spectroscopy . Emission of radiation is typically ... by the difference in energy between the two states. These emitted photons form the element s emission spectrum. The fact that only certain colors appear in an element s atomic emission spectrum means ... are emitted by the atom. The principle of the atomic emission spectrum explains the varied colors in neon .... File Emission spectrum H.svg none 757px thumb Emission spectrum of Hydrogen File Emission spectrum Fe.svg none 757px thumb Emission spectrum of Iron Radiation from molecules As well as the electronic ... continuum. Molecular emission is the mechanism behind the sulfur lamp and the deuterium arc lamp . Emission .... The emission spectrum can be used to determine the composition of a material, since it is different ... identifying the composition of star s by analysing the received light. The emission spectrum characteristics ... becomes green. These definite characteristics allow elements to be identified by their atomic emission ... ultra violet rays and infra red lighting, an emission is formed when an excited gas is viewed directly ... emissionEmission spectroscopy is a spectroscopy spectroscopic technique which examines the wavelengths .... Emission spectroscopy developed in the late 19th century and efforts in theoretical explanation ... more details
Emission is the radiation or radio signal produced or emitted by a radio station radio transmitting station . ref ITU Radio Regulations , Volume 1, Article 1, Provision No. 1.138 Edition of 2008 ref References Reflist Category Radio terminology radio comm stub ... more details
Nebula NGC 3372. Emission nebulae often have dark areas in them which result from interstellar medium ... and emission components such as the Trifid Nebula . References Reflist Category Nebulae Category Emission nebulae ar ca Nebulosa d emissi cs Emisn mlhovina de Emissionsnebel el ... Mg awica emisyjna pt Nebulosa de emiss o ru simple Emission nebula sk Emisn ... more details
Orphan date March 2009 Infobox Software name Nepal eMission logo screenshot caption Typical Connect meeting with discussion series of pods displayed developer Nepal Software Inc. Borgarnes , Iceland latest release version latest release date operating system Microsoft Windows genre Screencast , Video capture , Streaming media license Proprietary software Proprietary website http www.emission.is Nepal eMission software homepage Nepal eMission is a software from Nepal Software, Borgarnes , Iceland , used to record lectures and seminars . The software is primary made for Education educators in all levels ref http www.emission.is Nepal eMission software homepage ref . Technology Nepal eMission is built with .NET Framework Microsoft .NET Framework , and based on Windows Media Microsoft Windows Media framework ref cite web url http www.nepal.is default.asp?sid id 6094&tre rod 003 &tId 1 title Nepal vefumsj n ref . Main functions is to record computer screen with speech from a microphone, connected to computer. You can also record video, if you connect a Webcam or Video camera to your computer. Built in function is also possibility to upload your movie to a Microsoft Media Server , and automatically publish a link to the movie in for example a Learning management system Learning Management System . Nepal eMission is also a Media player application software media player built with Microsoft Silverlight Microsoft Silverlight technology , for play these movie, uploaded on Microsoft Media Server . References references See also List of screencasting software Category Multimedia Category Screencasting software Category Microsoft Windows multimedia technology Category Podcasting ... more details
Spontaneous emission is the process by which a light source such as an atom , molecule , nanocrystal ..., e.g., the ground state and emits a photon . Spontaneous emission of light or luminescence is a fundamental ... panels, lasers for startup normal continuous operation works by stimulated emission instead and light ... math hbar math is the reduced Planck constant . The phase waves phase of the photon in spontaneous emission is random as is the direction the photon propagates in. This is not true for stimulated emission . An energy level diagram illustrating the process of spontaneous emission is shown below Image ... math is the rate of spontaneous emission. In the rate equation math A 21 math is a proportionality ... state to an excited state, a field state with one photon in it. Spontaneous emission in free space ... & Ujihara K title Spontaneous emission and laser oscillation in microcavities publisher CRC Press ...&printsec frontcover&dq 22spontaneous emission 22 PPA6,M1 ref ref name Scully1 cite book author ... from electronic excitation to a photonic excitation the atom must decay by spontaneous emission ... source of photons. This is not spontaneous emission, but is actually nonradiative relaxation of the atoms .... Rate of spontaneous emission The rate of spontaneous emission i.e., the radiative rate can be described ... Solids Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK, 1989 . ref The rate of emission depends on two factors an atomic ... space , the rate of spontaneous emission in the dipole approximation is given by math Gamma rad omega frac omega 3n mu 12 2 3 pi varepsilon 0 hbar c 0 3 math where math omega math is the emission frequency ... shell electrons in high Z atoms. Clearly, the rate of spontaneous emission in free space increases with math omega 3 math . In contrast with atoms, which have a discrete emission spectrum, quantum dots ... 3 math frequency dependence of the spontaneous emission rate as described by Fermi s golden rule ... spontaneous emission rate from CdSe and CdTe nanocrystals Influence of dark states, Physical ... more details
Secondary emission in physics is a phenomenon where primary incident particles of sufficient energy , when hitting a surface or passing through some material, induce the emission of secondary particles. The primary particles are often charged particle s like electron s or ion s. If the secondary particles are electrons, the effect is termed secondary electrons secondary electron emission. ref R. Kollath, Secondary electron emission of solids irradiated by electrons, Encyclopedia of Physics ed. S. Fl gge Vol. 21, p. 232 303 1956, in German ref In this case, the number of secondary electrons emitted per incident particle is called secondary emission yield . If the secondary particles are ions, the effect is termed secondary ion emission. Applications Secondary emissive materials Most common used secondary emissive materials include alkali antimonide, beryllium oxide BeO , magnesium oxide MgO , gallium phosphide GaP , gallium arsenide phosphide GaAsP , lead oxide PbO , etc. Photo multipliers and similar devices Secondary emission is a phenomenon where additional electrons, called secondary electrons, are emitted from the surface of a material when an incident particle often, charged particle ... electrons emitted per incident particle is called secondary emission yield. The effect can also be exploited ... electrons from its surface through secondary emission. These new electrons are then accelerated ... emission to store bits on the tube face. Another random access computer memory tube based on secondary emission was the Selectron tube . Both were made obsolete by the invention of magnetic core memory . Undesirable effects Secondary emission can be undesirable such as in the tetrode thermionic ... sufficiently to cause secondary emission at the anode Plate electrode plate . This can give rise to excessive ... early types with anodes not treated to reduce secondary emission, exhibiting a negative resistance ... footer DEFAULTSORT Secondary Emission Category Condensed matter physics Category Vacuum tubes ... more details
An Air pollution emission inventory is an accounting of the amount of pollutants discharged into the atmosphere . An emission inventory usually contains the total emissions for one or more specific greenhouse ... and within a specified time span, usually a specific year. An emission inventory is generally characterized ... period over which emissions are estimated, How The methodology to use. Emission inventories are compiled for both scientific applications and for use in policy processes. Use of Emission Inventories ... problems and in monitoring progress towards solving these. Emission inventories provide this type of information. Emission inventories are developed for a variety of purposes Policy use by policy makers to track progress towards emission reduction targets, develop strategies and policies or Scientific ... by scientists as inputs to air quality models. Policy use Two more or less independent types of emission ... this type of emissions reporting aims at monitoring the progress towards agreed national emission reduction targets Regular emission reporting by individual industrial facilities in response to legal obligations this type of emission reporting is developed to support public participation in decision ... are the annual emission inventories as reported to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFCCC ref Greenhouse gas emission inventories can be found at the UNFCCC website at http ... . Policy users typically are interested in annual total emission only. Scientific use Atmospheric ... area. Air emission inventories provide this type of information. Depending on the spatial and temporal ... to be increased beyond what is available from national emission inventories as repoprted to the international conventions and protocols. Compilation of Emission Inventories For each of the pollutants ... constant emission factor . Why the source categories To compile an emission inventory, all sources ..., but in most cases the source categories listed above will be included. What the pollutants Emission ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Emission Phase Type studio Artist Detonation band Detonation Cover Emission Phase.jpg Released April 30, 2007 Recorded January, 2007 Genre Melodic death metal Length 49 22 Label Osmose Productions Producer Jochem Jacobs br Bouke Visser Reviews Last album Portals to Uphobia br 2005 This album Emission Phase br 2007 Next album Emission Phase is the third full length studio album by the band Detonation band Detonation and was released by the France French label Osmose Productions . The artwork was made by http www.elirankantor.com index.php?page detonation Eliran Kantor . Track listing Invoking the Impact 4 07 When Stone Turns to Ash 4 53 Craven Ablaze 4 14 Chokedamp 5 34 Defects of the Isolated Mind 4 17 Modulate 3 54 Into the Emission Phase 5 30 Infected 3 52 2nd Sun Ascending instrumental 1 57 Soul Severance 3 53 Reborn from the Radiance 4 38 Fallout instrumental 2 33 Credits Band members Koen Romeijn Death growl Vocals , Electric guitar Guitar Mike Ferguson Electric guitar Guitar Thomas Kalksma Drum kit Drums Otto Schimmelpenninck Bass guitar Other http www.elirankantor.com index.php?page detonation Eliran Kantor Album cover Cover Artwork Category Detonation albums Category 2007 albums 2000s death metal album stub ... more details
Nasal emission is the abnormal passing of oral air through a palatal cleft , or from some other type of Velopharyngeal inadequacy velopharyngeal inadequacy VPI , during the production of a consonant that requires a buildup of oral air pressure for proper pronunciation , such as p or s . The escaping air tends to reduce the oral air pressure and impede the proper production of the consonant. Secondary effects sometimes noted with nasal emission are the development of improper compensatory pronunciation habits, including using a very soft voice that uses less breath pressure. Nasal emission can be detected by a number of simple techniques, such as looking for the fogging of a mirror held under the nares ref http www.asha.org about publications leader online archives 2006 060207 060207c.htm Kummer, A. W. 2006, Feb. 7 . Resonance disorders and nasal emission Evaluation and treatment using low tech and no tech procedures. The ASHA Leader, 11 2 , 4, 26. ref or measured more definitively by means of a nasal pneumotachograph, as in the http www.microtronics nc.com Perci sar.htm Perci Sar system or the http www.glottal.com Products NVS.htm NE2 NEM system system from http www.glottal.com Glottal Enterprises . The measurement of nasal emission in consonants is linked with the measurement of nasalance in vowels under the term nasometry . See also Nasalization Nasalance nasometry http www.microtronics nc.com Perci sar.htm Perci Sar http www.glottal.com Products NVS.htm Glottal Enterprises NVS System References references Category Nose Category Phonetics Category Speech impediments ... more details
primarysources date January 2010 refimprove date January 2010 infobox record label name Edelweiss Emission image Image Logo completo de edelweiss y edelweiss emission.jpg parent founded 1989 founder distributor Edelweiss Emission genre classical and ancient music country Switzerland url http www.edelweissemission.com Edelweiss Emission is a Swiss independent record label that was founded in 1989. It is dedicated to classical and ancient music. Artists who have recorded for the Edelweiss Emission label include the Argentine classical pianist Daniel Levy classical pianist , the baritone and conductor Dietrich Fischer Dieskau , the Philharmonia Orchestra , the baritone Wolfgang Holzmair , the Polish Italian cellist Franco Maggio Ormezowski, the ensemble Ars Antiqua de Paris and the sitarist, Ravi Shankar . Recording venues include Abbey Road Studios in London , The Barocksaal in Austria and the Scuola Grande di San Giovanni Evangelista in Venice , among others. The label has a wide catalogue of recordings, with a repertoire that ranges from music of the middle ages and Renaissance G. de Machaut Venetian Music from the 16th century and Elizabethan Music, to the golden age of classical music, from Bach up to the romantic period. The catalogue also includes improvisations and contemporary classical music. See also List of record labels References http www.edelweissemission.com Edelweiss Emission s website http www.academyofeuphony.com International Academy of Euphony s website http www.musicweb international.com recordD K.htm MusicWeb International http www.allrecordlabels.com db 3 24873.html allrecordlabels.com http magazin.klassik.com records teaser.cfm?RECID 3152 Klassik.com External links http www.edelweissemission.com Official Website Category Classical music record labels Category Independent record labels ... more details
In optics , stimulated emission is the process by which an atomic electron or an excited molecular state ... of the incident wave. This is in contrast to spontaneous emission which occurs without regard ... equilibrium, absorption exceeds stimulated emission because there are more electrons in the lower ... the rate of stimulated emission exceeds that of absorption, and a net optical amplification can be achieved ... . Lacking a feedback mechanism, laser amplifier s and Amplified spontaneous emission superluminescent sources also function on the basis of stimulated emission. Stimulated emission is a quantum mechanics ... are only allowed in between discrete energy levels such as the two shown above. This leads to emission ... spontaneous emission . The phase associated with the photon that is emitted is random ... and thermal emission . An external electromagnetic field at a frequency associated with a transition ... of transitions between two states is enhanced beyond that due to spontaneous emission. Such a transition ... photon this is the process of stimulated emission . Mathematical model Stimulated emission can be modelled ... by the process of spontaneous emission , releasing the difference in energies between the two states ... energy state. This process is known as stimulated emission . In a group of such atoms, if the number of atoms in the excited state is given by N sub 2 sub , the rate at which stimulated emission occurs ... field at frequency . The rate of emission is thus proportional to the number of atoms in the excited ... for this transition must be identical to that for stimulated emission math B 12 B 21 math . Thus absorption and stimulated emission are reverse processes proceeding at somewhat different rates. Another way of viewing this is to look at the net stimulated emission or absorption viewing it as a single ... for this to be a positive number, indicating net stimulated emission, there must be more atoms in the excited ... medium of a laser. The notable characteristic of stimulated emission compared to everyday ... more details
unreferenced date December 2010 Band Emission, is the fraction of the total emission from a blackbody that is in a certain wavelength interval or band. For a prescribed temperature, T and the spectral interval from 0 to , is the ratio of the total emissive power of a black body from 0 to to the total emissive power over the entire spectrum. math F 0, lambda frac int 0 lambda E lambda,b d lambda int 0 infty E lambda,b d lambda frac int 0 lambda E lambda,b d lambda sigma T 4 int 0 lambda T frac E lambda,b sigma T 5 d lambda T f lambda T math See also Spectral bands physics stub Category Spectroscopy ... more details
pressure mercury gas discharge lamp showing white thermionic emission mix coating on the central portion ... is sputtered away through normal use, often eventually resulting in lamp failure. Thermionic emission ... are sometimes referred to as thermions . After emission, a charge will initially be left behind ... the emitter will be in the same state as it was before emission. The thermionic emission of electrons is also known as thermal electron emission. The classical example of thermionic emission is the emission ... structure of metal or carbides or borides of transition metals. Vacuum emission from metals tends ... emission is now also used to refer to any thermally excited charge emission process, even when ... charge. ref cite book url http books.google.it books?id PrbOIoMnxnwC&pg PA196 title The emission ... called thermionic emission . However, when the foil was given a more positive charge than the filament ... to refer to thermionic emission itself . He found that the current emitted by the hot filament increased ... Effect bulbs, and presented a paper on them in 1885, where he referred to thermionic emission as the Edison ... on the topic that he later called thermionic emission . He received a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1928 ... similar to the Arrhenius equation . Later, he proposed that the emission law should have the mathematical form ref name Crowell ref math J A mathrm G T 2 mathrm e W over k T math where J is the emission ... name Crowell C.R. Crowell, The Richardson constant for thermionic emission in Schottky barrier ... r sub av sub of the outgoing electrons would be reflected as they reached the emitter surface, so the emission ..., one sometimes sees the thermionic emission equation written in the form math J 1 r mathrm av A 0 ... well before kT W . Schottky emission In electron emission devices, especially electron gun s, the thermionic ... the surface barrier by an amount W , and increases the emission current. This is known as the Schottky effect or field enhanced thermionic emission. It can be modeled by a simple modification of the Richardson ... more details
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