Marketing In marketing , positioning has come to mean the process by which marketers try to create an image ... minds of the target market. The original work on Positioning was consumer marketing oriented .... Re positioning involves changing the identity of a product, relative to the identity of competing products, in the collective minds of the target market. De positioning involves attempting ... about being hungry for business. The growth of high tech marketing may have had much to do with the shift in definition towards competitive positioning. An important component of hi tech marketing in the age of the world wide web is positioning in major search engines such as Google, Yahoo and Bing ... important component when attempting to improve competitive positioning among a younger demographic ... of Brand Positioning, probably the most common is identifying a market niche for a brand, product or service utilizing traditional marketing placement strategies i.e. price, promotion, distribution, packaging,and competition . Also positioning is defined as the way by which the marketers creates impression in the customers mind. Positioning is a concept in marketing which was first introduced by Jack Trout Industrial Marketing Magazine June 1969 and then popularized by Al Ries and Jack Trout in their bestseller book Positioning The Battle for Your Mind. McGraw Hill 1981 This differs slightly from the context in which the term was first published in 1969 by Jack Trout in the paper Positioning is a game people play in today s me too market place in the publication Industrial Marketing ... slot in the consumers mind. It was then expanded into their ground breaking first book, Positioning The Battle for Your Mind, in which they define Positioning as an organized system for finding ... on is that Positioning is something perception that happens in the minds of the target market . It is the aggregate ... can positively influence the perceptions through enlightened strategic actions. Positioning ... more details
Positioning may refer to Positioningmarketing , creating an identity in the minds of a target market Critical literacy PositioningPositioning critical literacy , reader context Positioning telecommunications , a technology to approximate where a mobile phone temporarily resides Grappling position , the positioning and holds of combatants engaged in grappling Navigation , as in Global Positioning System See also Position disambiguation Locating Real time locating disambig pl pozycjonowanie ... more details
positioning statement. When the positioning statement is created, one can start on creating the marketing ... http www.themanager.org B2B Marketing Org http www.b2b marketing.org.uk How to develop a positioning statement DEFAULTSORT Segmenting And Positioning Category Marketing Category Strategic management ...A marketing strategy is based on expected customer behavior in a certain market. In order to know the customer and its expected buying process of segmenting and positioning is needed. These processes are chronological steps which are dependent on each other. The process of market segmentation and of positioning ... for the whole process of segmenting and positioning as a basis of deciding on the most effective marketing strategy and marketing mix . Image metamodel 3077209 aesch.png This model consists of the three main activities segmenting, targeting and positioning. It shows the chronological dependency ... to target are selected, but the way to use marketing in these markets is not yet defined. To decide on the actual marketing strategy, knowledge of the differential advantages of each segment is needed. Positioning When the list of target markets is made, a company might want to start on deciding on a good marketing mix directly. But an important step before developing the marketing mix ... from the product. In the process of positioning the company 1. identifies the differential advantages in each segment 2. decides on a different positioning concept for each of these segments. This process is described at the topic positioning , here different concepts of positioning are given. The process data model shows the concepts resulting from the different activities before and within positioning. The model shows how the predefined concepts are the basis for the positioning statement. The analyses ... as business to business marketing. Although most variables used in segmenting the market are based ... are not depending on the type of buyer. There are however methods for creating a positioning statement ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date November 2006 Precise Positioning is a term used to describe techniques to obtain the location of an object to better than a few centimeters of accuracy. Historically precise positioning was associated with surveying and geodesy . With the advent of Global Navigation Satellite System s GNSS such as the Global Positioning System GPS precise positioning has been incorporated into production processes in mining, agriculture and construction. The main application has been in machine guidance and machine automation which require high levels of precision. Precise Positioning is also increasingly used in the fields of robotics and autonomous navigation. See also RainStorm DEFAULTSORT Precise Positioning Category Surveying Science stub ... more details
Image Positioning goniometer stage.jpg thumb A miniature electro mechanical goniometer stage manufactured by Zaber Technologies Inc http www.zaber.com . This type of stage is used primarily in the field of lasers and optics. A positioning goniometer or goniometric stage is a device used to rotate an object precisely within a small angular range about a fixed axis in space. Its appearance is similar to that of a linear stage . However, rather than moving linearly with respect to its base, the stage platform rotates partially about a fixed axis above the mounting surface of the platform. The distance of the center of rotation from the platform mounting surface is often chosen so that two different goniometer models may be stacked in an X Y configuration and both stages will rotate about the same point. Positioning goniometers typically use a worm drive with a partial worm wheel fixed to the underside of the stage platform meshing with a worm in the base. The worm may be rotated manually or by a motor as in automated positioning systems. See also Goniometer Category Positioning instruments technology stub ... more details
A positioning system is a mechanism for determining the location of an object in space. Technologies for this task exist ranging from worldwide coverage with meter accuracy to workspace coverage with sub millimetre accuracy. Interplanetary systems Interplanetary radio communication system not only communicate with spacecraft, but are also used to determine their position. This can be done either using a transponder on board a spacecraft that echoes a radio signal back, or using radar . Orientation information can be obtained using star tracker s. Global systems Global navigation satellite system s GNSS allow specialized radio receivers to determine their 3 D space position, as well as time, with an accuracy of 2 20 metres or tens of nanoseconds. Currently deployed systems use microwave signals that can only be received reliably outdoors and that cover most of Earth s surface, as well as near Earth space. The existing and planned systems are Global Positioning System US military system, fully operational since 1995 GLONASS a partially completed Russian military system Galileo satellite navigation Galileo a planned European civilian system Compass navigation system a planned project in China Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System a planned project in India Regional systems Networks of land based positioning transmitter allow specialized radio receivers to determine their 2 D position on the surface of the Earth. They are generally less accurate than GNSS because the propagation of their signals is not entirely restricted to line of sight, and they have only regional coverage. However, they remain useful for special purposes and as a backup as some of their signals are more ... Indoor positioning systems are optimized for use within individual rooms, buildings, or construction ... Motion Tracking Solutions InterSense. See also Positioning technologies Navigation Dynamic positioning Local Positioning Systems Category GPS Category Navigational equipment eo Birilo ... more details
refimprove date September 2009 Image baseballpositioning normal.png thumb Normal depth In baseball and softball , while there are nine named Baseball positions fielding positions , players may move around freely. The positioning for the nine positions is very flexible, although they all have regular depths &mdash distances from home plate , and sometimes lateral positioning. A shift means that a player is playing in a noticeably different location than the norm for his positioning. A fielder who is playing shallow or in is playing closer to home plate, while a player playing deep is playing farther from home plate than normal. Regular terms are used for some positionings, for example, double play depth is used when there is a force play at second base . This means the shortstop and second baseman are playing slightly closer to second base and sometimes a little bit shallower. This position makes it easier to turn the double play. Bringing the corners in means the first and third baseman are both playing in , this will often be used with runners at third base or when a bunt baseball bunt is anticipated. The disadvantage of these defensive shifts is that they make more room for the hitter to hit the ball through the gaps for a base hit. Sometimes in the bottom half of the ninth inning or later , when a team has a man on third base and less than two outs, the defending team will pull the outfields in very far, almost creating three extra infielders. This is sometimes known as do or die depth. There are also some very irregular positionings. For example, versus excellent left handed pull hitters like Ted Williams , David Ortiz , and Ryan Howard , teams will move more players to the right side of the field. They sometimes play with the shortstop behind or even to the right of second base. The second baseman may simply move to the right, in which case this just qualifies as a shift, or he might move deeper into shallow right field &mdash this particular formation is calle ... more details
Positioning system s will use positioning technology to determine the position and orientation of an object or person in a room, building or in the world. Time of flight Time of flight systems determine the distance by measuring the time of propagation of pulsed signals between a transmitter and receiver. When distances of at least three locations are known, a fourth position can be determined using trilateration . Optical trackers, such as Laser rangefinder laser ranging trackers suffer from line of sight problems and their performance is adversely affected by ambient light and infrared radiation. On the other hand they do not suffer from distortion effects in the presence of metals and can have high update rates because of the speed of light. ref Position trackers for Head Mounted Display systems A survey, Devesh Kumar Bhatnagar, 29th of March, 1993 ref Ultrasonic sensor Ultrasonic trackers have a more limited range because of the loss of energy with the distance traveled. Also they are sensitive to ultrasonic ambient noise and have a low update rate. But the main advantage is that they do not need line of sight. Systems using radio waves such as the Global navigation satellite system do not suffer ambient light, but still need line of sight. Spatial scan A spatial scan system uses optical beacons and sensors. Two categories can be distinguished Inside out systems where the beacon is placed at a fixed position in the environment and the sensor is on the object Outside in systems where the beacons are on the target and the senors are at a fixed position in the environment By aiming the sensor at the beacon the angle between them can be measured. With triangulation the position of the object can be determined. Inertial sensing The main advantage of an inertial navigation ... orientation in the remaining third direction. The field used for positioning do not need to origin ... two or more technologies are called hybrid positioning system s. See also Virtual reality Eye tracking ... more details
Enterprise , over the Thunder Horse Oil Field . Both are equipped with DP systems. Dynamic positioning ... water, congestion on the sea bottom pipelines, templates or other problems. Dynamic positioning ... angle towards wind, waves and current, called weathervaning. Dynamic positioning is utilized ... ships. Citation needed date June 2010 History Dynamic positioning started in the 1960s for offshore ... size 1 Anchoring font style width 33.3 background efefef align center font size 1 Dynamic Positioning ... have their own advantages, dynamic positioning has made many operations possible that were not feasible ... axis yaw rotation about heave axis Dynamic positioning is concerned primarily with control of the ship ... traditional methods used for ships navigation are not accurate enough. For that reason, several positioning ... Satellite NASA art iif.jpg thumb GPS satellite in orbit. DGPS , Differential Global Positioning System ... 170.html title IMCA M 170, A Review of Marine Laser Positioning Systems ref Artemis . A radar ... title IMCA M 174, A Review of the Artemis Mk V Positioning System ref DARPS, Differential, Absolute and Relative Positioning System . Commonly used on shuttle tankers while loading from a Floating ... ref cite web url http www.youtube.com watch?v GmwRBzwDlf4 title RADius relative positioning system ... positioning systems ref the Classification Society Classification Societies have issued rules ... positioning system DP operator training on 24 06 1996. This refers to IMCA International ... prominence. This shifting landscape led to the creation of The International Dynamic Positioning Operators ... Diving Contractors , founded in 1972, and DPVOA the Dynamic Positioning Vessel Owners Association ... int.com divisions marine reference intro.html Introduction to Dynamic Positioning by the International ... Series Volume 9 Dynamic Positioning 2nd Edition by David Bray http www.nautinst.org NI, The Nautical Institute http www.dynamic positioning.com The Dynamic Positioning Committee of The Marine Technology ... more details
Market segmentation List of marketing terms Outline of marketingPositioningmarketingPositioning ...For the magazine Marketing magazine Cleanup date November 2009 marketingMarketing is the process which ... Philip Kotler coauthors Gary Armstrong Marketing researcher Gary Armstrong , Veronica Wong , John Saunders Marketing researcher John Saunders others title Principles of marketing url http books.google.com ... 2010 publisher location language isbn page 7 pages chapter Marketing defined quote ref It is an integrated ... and create value for their customers and for themselves. ref name kotler a Marketing is used ... of its activities, marketing management is one of the major components of Outline of business management business management . Marketing evolved to meet the stasis in developing new markets caused ... April 2010 The adoption of marketing strategies requires businesses to shift their focus from Manufacturing ... accounting profitable . Citation needed date April 2010 The term marketing concept holds that achieving ... coauthors Gary Armstrong, Veronica Wong, John Saunders others title Principles of marketing url ... 23 edition 5th year 2008 publisher location language isbn page 17 pages chapter Marketing defined quote ... name kotler b Further definitions Marketing is further defined by the American Marketing Association ... stakeholders. ref Dictionary. American Marketing Association . http www.marketingpower.com layouts Dictionary.aspx. Retrieved 2011 12 02. The Marketing Accountability Standards Board MASB endorses ... Language Marketing Activities and Metrics Project . ref The term developed from an original meaning ... point of view, sales process engineering marketing is a set of processes that are interconnected ... can be improved using a variety of relatively new approaches. The Chartered Institute of Marketing defines marketing as the management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying ... of marketing work publisher Chartered Institute of Marketing date url http www.cim.co.uk resources ... more details
Merge to Real time locating system date August 2011 An indoor positioning system IPS is a term used for a network of devices used to wirelessly locate objects or people inside a building. Generally the products offered under this term do not comply with the International standard ISO IEC 24730 on real ... radio , ref name chang Chang N, Rashidzadeh R, Ahmadi M. 2010. Robust indoor positioning using differential ... caused by construction materials, the satellite based Global Positioning System GPS loses significantly ... methods is applied to compensate for these problems. With detailed reading in the marketing documents ... navigation satellite system s Global Positioning System GPS or GNSS are generally not suitable to establish ... objects. However, in order to make positioning signal can be obtained everywhere ubiquitous , integration between GPS and indoor positioning can be made ref Wan Mohd Yaakob Wan Bejuri, Mohd Murtadha Mohamad and Maimunah Sapri 2011 . Ubiquitous Positioning A Taxonomy for Location Determination ..., in which the locating shall be performed. Locating and positioning In contrast to the common title ... of that object. All known indoor positioning systems IPS neither affects nor detects a direction nor offers the option to change the position. Also other various systems titled as e.g. local positioning ... data. Wi Fi Positioning System Wi Fi Positioning Systems are sometimes used outdoors as a supplement ... Other approaches for positioning of pedestrians propose an inertial measurement unit carried ... tipping 062304.html ref Consumer The major consumer benefit of indoor positioning is the expansion ... fraunhofer iis uses awiloc indoor positioning magic to guide mus ref Mall and airport maps ref http mynokiablog.com 2011 02 15 video indoor positioning with nokia n8 navteq indoor navigation ref Store navigation ref http www.techclicker.com 2010 08 25 indoor positioning system trial underway ref Targeted ... Indoor Positioning System Category Automatic identification and data capture Category Geolocation ... more details
Multiple issues orphan February 2009 POV December 2007 refimprove July 2006 The social positioning method SPM studies space time behaviour by analysing the location coordinates of mobile phones and the social characteristics of the people carrying them. The SPM methods and experiments were developed in Estonia by Positium and Institute of Geography University of Tartu during 2003 2006 Ahas, R. & Mark, . 2005 . Location based services new challenges for planning and public administration? http findarticles.com p articles mi hb4750 is 200508 ai n17323894 Futures 37, 547 561 . The biggest advantage of mobile positioning based methods is that mobile phones are widespread, positioning works inside buildings, and collection of movement data is done by a third party at regular intervals. Positioning data is digital it is easy to trace many people at the same time and it is possible to analyse movements in real time. The disadvantage of mobile positioning today is relatively low preciseness, the boom in the generation of phones with a GPS will raise positioning accuracy. The most important problems of SPM are related to data security, as well as concerns about non authorized personal surveillance. These problems can be solved with further development of location based service s LBS and relevant legal and organisational regulation. Today mobile positioning can be applied only by obtaining participants personal acceptance. References reflist DEFAULTSORT Social Positioning Method Category Mobile technology ... more details
Hybrid positioning systems are systems for finding the location of a mobile device using several different positioning technologies . Usually GPS Global Positioning System is one major component of such systems, combined with cell tower signals, wireless internet signals, Bluetooth sensors or other local Positioning Systems . ref Innovation Hybrid Positioning http www.gpsworld.com gnss system algorithms methods innovation hybrid positioning 9628 ref ref Skyhook Wireless How it works. http www.skyhookwireless.com howitworks xps.php ref These systems are specifically designed to overcome the limitations of GPS, which is very exact in open areas, but works poorly indoors or between tall buildings the urban canyon effect . By comparison, cell tower signals are not hindered by buildings or bad weather, but usually provide less precise positioning. Wi Fi signals may give very exact positioning, but only in urban areas with high Wi Fi density and depend on a comprehensive database of Wi Fi access points. Hybrid positioning systems are increasingly being explored for certain civilian and commercial location based service s and location based media , which need to work well in urban areas in order to be commercially and practically viable. Different hybrid positioning systems are currently being developed and used in services from Combain Mobile ref Combain Mobile http www.combain.com ref , Navizon , Xtify , PlaceEngine , SkyHook ref Skyhook Wireless http www.skyhookwireless.com ref , Devicescape , Google Maps Google Maps for Mobile Google Maps for Mobile ref http www.google.com googleblogs pdfs google submission dpas wifi collection.pdf ref , http www.openBmap.org openBmap for application in smartphone s. The maturity of the approaches used by these systems needs to be proved in operational use. Early works in this area include the Place Lab project, which started on 2003 and went inactive in 2006. See also Positioning system Assisted GPS References Reflist Category Geolocation ... more details
Merge to Real time locating system date August 2011 A local positioning system LPS is a navigation system that provides location information in all weather, anywhere within the coverage of the network, where there is an unobstructed Line of sight propagation line of sight to three or more signaling beacons of which the exact position on earth is known. A special type of LPS is the Real time locating system which also allows real time tracking of an object or person. Use Unlike Global Positioning System GPS or other global navigation satellite system s, local positioning systems don t provide global coverage. Instead, they use a set of beacons which have a limited range, hence requiring the user to be near these. Beacons include cellphone cellular base station s, Wi Fi access points used by the Skyhook Wireless system , and radio broadcast tower s. In the past, long range LPS s have been used for navigation of ships and aircraft. Examples are the Decca Navigator System and LORAN . Nowadays, local positioning systems are often used as complementary and in some cases alternative positioning technology to GPS, especially in areas where GPS does not reach or is weak, for example, inside buildings, or urban canyon s. Local positioning systems using cellular broadcast towers are also heavily used to determine the current position of a person carrying a cellphone without GPS capability , ie for a wide array of services. See Mobile phone tracking Techniques An LPS can either use triangulation trilateration or multilateration to calculate the position of an object. Commercial systems Commercial systems on the market and or in progress include ref Elektor magazine February 2011, Geolocalisatie zonder GPS ref http research.microsoft.com en us projects radar default.aspx Microsoft s RADAR http www.ekahau.com Ekahau s RTLS http zes.zebra.com products rtls index.jsp Zebra Technologies ... positioning system Hybrid positioning system Real time locating system References reflist Category ... more details
multiple issues orphan July 2010 unreferenced April 2010 original research April 2010 Cooperative Positioning CP is a technique for localizing some nodes in a wireless sensor network based on communication among the nodes and inter node distance estimation. In the process of CP, taking advantage of some nodes with known position, anchors, is possible. CP has been considered in the vehicular environment as an innovative solution for tackling the shortcomings of satellite based positioning, Global navigation satellite system GNSS . Figure 1 depicts the different situations in which CP can be helpful for positioning and or positioning enhancement through communication among the vehicles and Road Side Units RSU . In situation a , GNSS based positioning is possible due to visibility of four satellite s. In this situation CP can be used for positioning accuracy enhancement. In situation b , one of the vehicles does not have visible GNSS Global navigation satellite system satellite but the other one has. CP might be used for position estimation of the first vehicle. In situations c and d , none of the vehicles does not have enough GNSS satellites for positioning. CP might be used for positioning of the vehicles. For simplicity, this figure is depicted with two vehicle s and one reference anchor. However, the methods and algorithm s for CP may rely on more quantities of vehicles and anchors. File CPsituations.jpg Figure 1 Different situations that CP may be helpful for vehicular networks. Category Wireless sensor network ... more details
A probe positioning system is a tool for the positioning of a hand held measuring device, such as an ultrasound transducer in a fixed, predetermined place to the object, such as a patient. The operation of these systems varies from completely manual, to completely automated. In semi automated probe positioning systems, a control system corrects for the movement of the object or disturbances in the environment. These systems can use a tilt, pressure or other sensor carried by the probe to collect positional data. The positioner, such as a robotic arm is coupled to the probe. The positioner can provide roll and pitch control as well as translating the probe in lateral and longitudinal directions. A central processing unit processor receives signals from the sensors corresponding to the actual orientation of the probe and controls the positioner to adjust the orientation of the probe until the desired position is achieved. External links http www.patentstorm.us patents 7128711.html http www.wipo.int pctdb en wo.jsp?WO 2000 2F51511&IA WO2000 2F51511&DISPLAY CLAIMS http www.sintef.no content page1 4777.aspx Category Medical equipment ... more details
Precise Point Positioning is a GPS data processing technique that combines results from a single receiver with location and time information from satellites and clocks. ref http www.tectrends.com cgi showan?an 00171603 TecTrends Abstract ref References reflist Category GPS telecomm stub ... more details
Infobox laboratory equipment name random positioning machine image alt See Wikipedia Alternative text for images caption acronym other names 3D clinostat uses rotates biological samples around two independent axes to eliminate the effect of gravity inventor T. Hoson manufacturer Dutch Space model related clinostat , free fall machine A random positioning machine , or RPM, rotates biological samples along two independent axes to change their orientation in space in complex ways and so eliminate the effect of gravity ref Jack J.W.A. van Loon 2007 . Some history and use of the random positioning machine, RPM, in gravity related research. Advances in Space Research 39 1161 1165 ref . Description The RPM is a more sophisticated development of the single axis clinostat . RPMs usually consist of two independently rotating frames. One frame is positioned inside the other giving a very complex net change of orientation to a biological sample mounted in the middle. The RPM is sometimes wrongly referred to as the 3 D clinostat . It is a microweight microgravity simulator that is based on the principle of gravity vector averaging . RPM provides a functional volume which is exposed to simulated microweight ref A. G. Borst, J.J.W. A. van Loon. Technology and Developments for the Random Positioning Machine, RPM. Microgravity Sci. Technol., 2008. DOI 10.1007 s12217 008 9043 2 ref . . See also gravitropism References references External links ETH Space Biology http www.spacebiol.ethz.ch infra simulation equip 1 Random Positioning Machine DESC VU Amserdam http www.descsite.nl RPM Frames.htm Standard and desktop Random Positioning Machines Category Laboratory equipment Category Gravitational instruments sci stub ... more details
Infobox military unit unit name Global Positioning Systems Wing image Image Global Positioning Systems Wing.png 200px caption Global Positioning Systems Wing emblem dates 1973 present country United States allegiance branch United States Air Force type role GPS service size 700 military & civilian command structure Air Force Space Command current commander Col. David Madden garrison Los Angeles AFB , California ceremonial chief colonel of the regiment nickname patron motto colors march mascot battles anniversaries The United States Air Force s Global Positioning Systems Wing is a unit of the Space and Missile Systems Center located at Los Angeles AFB , California . Mission To develop, produce and maintain the fleet of Global Positioning System satellites, their associated ground control equipment, and end user technologies. The day to day operations of the GPS network are handled by the 50th Space Wing . History Empty section date May 2010 Previous designations GPS Joint Program Office JPO 1973 2006 ref Rogers, B. 2006 . United States Air Force Unit Designations Since 1978. ISBN 1 85780 197 0 ref Global Positioning Systems Wing GPSW 2006 ref https gps.army.mil gps CustomContent gps PolicySynopsis26Sep07R.pdf ref Squadrons assigned Bases stationed Los Angeles AFB , California Aircraft & Missiles Operated ref World Airpower Journal. 1992 . US Air Force Air Power Directory. Aerospace Publishing London, UK. ISBN 1 880588 01 3 ref ??? Present References REFERENCES External links Portal United States Air Force http www.losangeles.af.mil library factsheets factsheet.asp?id 5311 GPSW Fact Sheet http www.insidegnss.com node 154 2007 July Interview with Col. David Madden USAF Space Command US Air Force navbox DEFAULTSORT Global Positioning Systems Category Military units and formations in California Category Space wings of the United States Air Force USAF stub ja ... more details
Orphan date January 2011 infobox biodatabase title NPRD logo File Database.png description Nucleosome Positioning Region Database. scope organism center laboratory author pmid Levitsky & al. 2005 ref name pmid15608285 released standard format url http srs6.bionet.nsc.ru srs6 download webservice sql sparql webapp standalone license versioning frequency curation bookmark version 22 Feb 2007 Nucleosome Positioning Region Database NPRD ,is a database of nucleosome formation sites NFSs . ref name pmid15608285 cite journal quotes yes last Levitsky first Victor G authorlink coauthors Katokhin Aleksey V, Podkolodnaya Olga A, Furman Dagmara P, Kolchanov Nikolay A year 2005 month Jan title NPRD Nucleosome Positioning Region Database journal Nucleic Acids Res. volume 33 issue Database issue pages D67 70 publisher location England issn pmid 15608285 doi 10.1093 nar gki049 bibcode oclc id url pmc 540003 language eng format accessdate laysummary laysource laydate quote ref References references See also nucleosome External links http srs6.bionet.nsc.ru srs6 . Biodatabase stub Category Biological databases Category Genetics ... more details
Car spotting is precise positioning of a railroad car for loading unloading. When a locomotive pulls a train of freight car s to a loading unloading station, it approximately positions them with respect to freight handling equipment, since locomotives are not well suited for precise positioning. Therefore special systems car spotters are invented for car spotting. Systems that handle strings trains of cars to spot them one after another are known as car progressors or car indexers . ref http www.patentstorm.us patents 6553916 description.html Car Spotter Drive , a US patent description ref See also Car spotting service Heyl & Patterson Inc. manufacturer of car indexers References reflist Category Rail transport operations rail stub ... more details
Enhanced RADAR positioning is a proposal for a position fixing system in maritime navigation , based on Radar navigation . It is the automation of the process of determining own position by means of RADAR fixing, using a multitude of objects with known position as reference. The proposal was originally made by Jens K. Jensen from the Danish Maritime Safety Administration in 2009, in relation to the need for an independent source for position fixing, due to the vulnerabilities of GPS and other satellite navigation systems, identified during the work at International Association of Lighthouse Authorities IALA on IMO s e Navigation strategy. This proposal is currently being brought forward to the maritime industry through IALA, and an opportunity for practical testing of the concept in 2011 is being considered in the EfficienSea project ref http www.EfficienSea.org EU part financed project Efficient, Safe and Sustainable Traffic at Sea ref partly financed by the Baltic Sea Region Programme ref http eu.baltic.net Baltic Sea Region Programme 2007 2013 eu.baltic.net ref and coordinated by the Danish Maritime Safety Administration. Principle File enhanced radar positioning principle.png right 400px The navigation radar of a ship is currently considered a primary position verification device by navigators, as the radar can be used to identify conspicuous objects or coast lines, giving range ... in an automated manner, radar can be upgraded to an automated positioning system or position verification system and may ultimately function as a terrestrial back up option for satellite positioning Global navigation satellite system GNSS . Enhanced radar positioning is achieved through the continuous ... reliable reference. The introduction of Enhanced RACON e RACON will enable radar based positioning ... of that e RACON is known. This will enable enhanced radar positioning to be a reliable terrestrial positioning mechanism, truly independent of GNSS systems and their vulnerabilities, in areas equipped ... more details
An underwater acoustic positioning system ref http www.dosits.org gallery tech n at1.htm University of Rhode Island Discovery of Sound in the Sea ref ref Underwater Acoustic Positioning Systems, P.H. Milne .... Underwater acoustic positioning systems are commonly used in a wide variety of underwater ... 1 describes the general method of operation of an acoustic positioning system ref The ROV Manual, Robert ... of a long baseline LBL positioning system for Remotely operated underwater vehicle ROV Image LBL Acoustic Positioning Aquamap ROV.jpg thumb 300px left Figure 1 Method of the operation of a Long Baseline LBL acoustic positioning system for ROV Baseline station deployment and survey Acoustic positioning systems measure positions relative to a framework of baseline stations, which must be deployed ... positioning system is ready for operations. In the long baseline example see figure 1 , an interrogator ... sensor depth sensor data to obtain better positioning accuracy in the three dimensional underwater space. Acoustic positioning systems can yield an accuracy of a few centimeters to tens of meters ... strongly on the type and model of the positioning system, its configuration for a particular job ... acoustic positioning systems are generally categorized into three broad types or classes ref Milne , chapters 3 5 ref ref Christ and Wernli , sections 4.2.6 4.2.7 ref Long Baseline Acoustic Positioning ... systems offer the advantage of not requiring a sea floor transponder array. The disadvantage is that positioning ... signal refractions and reflections that have a greater impact on USBL positioning than is the case for the LBL geometry. Short Baseline Acoustic Positioning System Short baseline SBL systems use a baseline ... www Publications MTSsharpspaper.pdf Integrating Precision Relative Positioning Into JASON MEDEA ... 2a An acoustic short baseline SBL positioning system was installed on the USNS Mizar during the search ... right Figure 2b The bathyscaphe Trieste was guided by that acoustic positioning system to the Thresher ... more details
Wi Fi based positioning system WPS emerged as an idea that can solve the positioning in certain situations like indoors , taking advantage of the rapid growth of wireless access point s in urban areas. Skyhook Wireless is one provider of this type of service, maintaining a public database that can be accessed through an Application programming interface API , and get the position based on the access points are accessible from a terminal. Other providers include the Fraunhofer Institute ref J.Seitz, L. Pati o Studencka, B. Schindler, S. Haimerl, J. Guti rrez Boronat, S. Meyer, J. Thielecke. Sensor Data Fusion for Pedestrian Navigation UsingWLAN and INS ref or Google ref http www.google.com googleblogs pdfs google submission dpas wifi collection.pdf ref The localization technique used for positioning with wireless access points is based on measuring the intensity of the received signal received signal strength in English RSS and the method of fingerprinting ref P. Bahl and V. N. Padmanabhan, RADAR an in building RF based user location and tracking system, in Proceedings of 19th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies INFOCOM 00 , vol. 2, pp. 775 784, Tel Aviv.Israel, March 2000. ref ref Y. Chen and H. Kobayashi, Signal strength based indoor geolocation, in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications ICC 02 , vol. 1, pp. 436 439, New York, NY, USA, April May 2002. ref . The accuracy depends on the number of positions that have been entered into the database. The possible signal fluctuations that may occur can increase errors ... Hybrid positioning system Mobile phone tracking References Reflist refbegin Anthony LaMarca, Yatin ... Positioning Using Radio Beacons in the Wild. In Pervasive 2005 Ekahau. http www.ekahau.com Qubulus. http www.qubulus.com Wireless LAN Positioning Technology for Cities and Buildings http www.awiloc.com ... Fi Positioning System ... more details
Global network positioning is a coordinates based mechanism in a peer to peer network architecture which predicts Internet network distance i.e. round trip propagation and transmission delay . The mechanism is based on absolute coordinates computed from modeling the Internet as a geometric space. Since end hosts maintain their own coordinates, the approach allows end hosts to compute their inter host distances as soon as they discover each other. Moreover, coordinates are very efficient in summarizing inter host distances, making the approach very scalable . References T. S. Eugene Ng and Hui Zhang , Predicting Internet Network Distance with Coordinates Based Approaches , In IEEE INFOCOM, 2002. Demo of GNP algorithm, http adela.utko.feec.vutbr.cz projects global netwok positioning.html See also Vivaldi coordinates Pharos Network Coordinates Category Internet compu network stub ... more details
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