taxobox image FragariaIturupensis.jpg regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Rosids ordo Rosales familia Rosaceae genus Fragaria species F. iturupensis binomial Fragaria iturupensis binomial authority Staudt Fragaria iturupensis , the Iturup Strawberry , is a species of strawberry , endemic ecology endemic to Iturup in the Kuril Islands . It is noted to have relatively large berries for a wild species, similar in appearance to those of Fragaria virginiana . ref Hummer, K.E., Sabitov, A., & Davis, T. 2005. Iturup And Sakhalin Island Strawberries. Hortscience 40 4 1127. http www.ars.usda.gov research publications publications.htm?SEQ NO 115 177440 Abstract ref ref http www.ars grin.gov cgi bin npgs html taxon.pl?317933 Iturup Strawberry data from GRIN Taxonomy Database ref Polyploidy All strawberries have a base haploid count of 7 chromosomes . Fragaria iturupensis was initially reported as polyploidy octoploid with 8 sets of chromosomes, 56 in total , but subsequent testing ref name Hummer Hummer, K.E. Nathewet, P. Yanagi, T. 2009 . Decaploidy in Fragaria iturupensis Rosaceae . American Journal of Botany . 96 3 713 716. ref found decaploids with ten sets of chromosomes, a total of 70 . It is unclear whether the earlier report was an error, or whether two forms exist. ref name Hummer References Reflist External links Hummer, K.E., Sabitov, A., & Davis, T. 2005. Iturup And Sakhalin Island Strawberries. Hortscience 40 4 1127. http www.ars.usda.gov research publications publications.htm?SEQ NO 115 177440 Abstract . Category Fragaria iturupensis fruit stub az Fragaria iturupensis de Fragaria iturupensis pl Fragaria iturupensis ... more details
A polyploid complex is a group of interrelated and interbreeding plants that also have differing levels of ploidy that can allow genetic exchange s between unrelated species. The polyploid complex was first described by E. B. Babcock and G. Ledyard Stebbins in their 1938 monograph The American Species of Crepis their interrelationships and distribution as affected by polyploidy and apomixis . In Crepis and some other herbaceous perennial species, a polyploid complex may arise where there are at least 2 genetically isolated diploid populations, in addition to auto and allopolyploid derivatives that coexist and interbreed Hybrid biology hybridise . Thus a complex network of interrelated forms may exist where the polyploid forms allow for genetic exchange between the diploid species that are otherwise unable to breed. ref Stebbins, G. L., Jr. 1940. The significance of polyploidy in plant evolution. The American Naturalist 74 54 66 ref A polyploid complex has also been well described in Glycine plant Glycine . ref Doyle, J. J. 1999. Origins, colonization, and lineage recombination in a widespread perennial soybean polyploid complex. PNAS 96 10741 10745 ref This complex situation does not fit well within the biological species concept of Ernst Mayr which defines a species as groups of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations which are reproductively isolated from other such groups . References references Category Genetics Category Evolutionary biology es Complejo poliploide hu Poliploid komplex ... more details
orphan date May 2008 Syntelog a special case of gene homology biology homology where sets of genes are derived from the same Common descent ancestral genomic region. This may arise from speciation events, or through whole or partial genome duplication events e.g. polyploidy . This term is distinct from ortholog , paralog , in paralog, out paralog, and xenolog because it refers only to genes evolutionary history evidenced by sequence similarity and relative genomic position. Example of Syntelog Comparison between two genomic regions of Arabidopsis thaliana derived from its most recent genome duplication event. Syntelogs are indicated by red lines connecting regions of sequence similarly red boxes . Image at synteny.png Sequence analysis and visualization of syntelogs performed by http synteny.cnr.berkeley.edu CoGe GEvo.pl?prog blastz accn1 at1g07300 fid1 4091274 dsid1 556 chr1 1 dr1up 20000 dr1down 20000 gbstart1 1 gblength1 772 accn2 at2g29640 fid2 4113333 dsid2 557 chr2 2 dr2up 20000 dr2down 20000 gbstart2 1 rev2 1 num seqs 2 autogo 1 GEvo . Sequences were compared using the BLAST Alternative versions BlastZ algorithm. See also Synteny Homology biology Polyploidy Comparative genomics External links http synteny.cnr.berkeley.edu CoGe CoGe Comparative Genomics Homepage Category Evolutionary biology Category Genetics ... more details
are examples of polyploidy. Polyploid is a term used to describe biological cell cells and organism ... from each parent. However polyploidy is found in some organisms and is especially common in plants. In addition, polyploidy also occurs in some tissues of animals who are otherwise diploid, such as human ... . Polyploidy refers to a numerical change in a whole set of chromosomes. Organisms in which ... aneuploidy and polyploidy is that aneuploidy refers to a numerical change in part of the chromosome set, whereas polyploidy refers to a numerical change in the whole set of chromosomes. ref name isbn0 ... pages quote isbn 0 7167 3520 2 oclc doi url accessdate ref Polyploidy may occur due to abnormal ... . Polyploidy occurs in some animal s, such as goldfish , ref cite journal author Ohno S, Muramoto ... to interbreed with their diploid ancestors. Polyploidy can be induced in plants and cell culture ... twelve sets 12x , for example the plant Celosia argentea and the amphibian Xenopus ruwenzoriensis Polyploidy ... journal author Svartman M, Stone G, Stanyon R title Molecular cytogenetics discards polyploidy in mammals ..., by virtue of their doubled chromosomes, reproductively isolated from their parents. Polyploidy in humans True polyploidy rarely occurs in humans, although it occurs in some tissues especially in the liver . Aneuploidy is more common. Polyploidy occurs in humans in the form of triploidy, with 69 ... cells. Polyploidy in plants File Polyploidization.svg right thumb Speciation via polyploidy ... a tetraploid zygote . Polyploidy is pervasive in plants and some estimates suggest that 30 80 of living plant species are polyploid, and many lineages show evidence of ancient polyploidy paleopolyploidy ... url issn ref ref name pmid17981114 cite journal author Otto SP title The evolutionary consequences of polyploidy ... , although the origin is unclear. ref cite journal author Ahuja MR, Neale DB title Origins of Polyploidy ... of polyploidy is a common technique to overcome the sterility of a hybrid species during ... more details
Notability date May 2009 The Evolution of the Genome is a book edited by T. Ryan Gregory Dr. T. Ryan Gregory of the University of Guelph , in Guelph , Ontario , Canada , covering a wide range of topics in the study of genome evolution . The book includes chapters by 16 authors and deals with the topics of genome size evolution , selfish DNA genomic parasites transposable elements and B chromosomes , polyploidy , gene duplication , ancient genome duplication , comparative genomics , and macroevolution . It was released in December 2004 by Elsevier , ISBN 0 12 301463 8. Chapters and authors Image TheEvolutionoftheGenome.jpg thumb right Part I The C value enigma Chapter 1 Genome size evolution in animals by T. Ryan Gregory Chapter 2 Genome size evolution in plants by Michael D. Bennett and Ilia J. Leitch Part II The evolution of genomic parasites Chapter 3 Transposable elements by Margaret G. Kidwell Chapter 4 B chromosomes by Juan Pedro M. Camacho Part III Duplications, duplications... Chapter 5 Small scale gene duplications by John S. Taylor and Jeroen Raes Chapter 6 Large scale gene and ancient genome duplications by Yves Van de Peer and Axel Meyer Part IV ...and more duplications Chapter 7 Polyploidy in plants by Jennifer Tate, Douglas E. Soltis, and Pamela S. Soltis Chapter 8 Polyploidy in animals by T. Ryan Gregory and Barbara K. Mable Part V Sequence and structure Chapter 9 Comparative genomics in eukaryotes by Alan Filipski and Sudhir Kumar Chapter 10 Comparative genomics in prokaryotes by T. Ryan Gregory and Rob DeSalle Part VI The genome in evolution Chapter 11 Macroevolution and the genome by T. Ryan Gregory Trivia The cover contains numerous images of animal s, plants , and other organisms , most of which apparently have personal meaning for Dr. Gregory, including one image on the back cover that is reported to be a modified image of his own red blood cells . The timeline of production discussed in the preface indicates that Dr. Gregory began work on this b ... more details
Variation and Evolution in Plants is a book written by G. Ledyard Stebbins , published in 1950. It is one of the key publications embodying the modern evolutionary synthesis , as the first comprehensive publication to discuss the relationship between genetics and natural selection in plants. The book has been described by plant systematist Peter H. Raven as the most important book on plant evolution of the 20th century and it remains one of the most cited texts on plant evolution. ref Raven The book is based on the Jesup Lectures that Stebbins delivered at Columbia University in October and November 1946 and is a synthesis of his ideas and the then current research on the evolution of seed plants in terms of genetics. The book is written in fourteen parts Description and analysis of variation patterns Examples of variation patterns within species and genera The basis of individual variation Natural selection and variation in populations Genetic systems as factors in evolution Isolation and the origin of species Hybridization and its effects Polyploidy I occurrence and nature of polyploid types Polyploidy II geographic distribution and significance of polyploidy Apomixis in relation to variation and evolution Structural hybridity and the genetic system Evolutionary trends I the karyotype Evolutionary trends II External morphology Fossils, modern distribution patterns and rates of evolution The 643 page book cites more than 1,250 references and was the longest of the four books associated with the modern evolutionary synthesis. The other key works of the modern evolutionary synthesis, whose publication also followed their authors Jesup lectures, are Theodosius Dobzhansky s Genetics and the Origin of Species , Ernst Mayr s Systematics and the Origin of Species and George Gaylord Simpson s Tempo and Mode in Evolution . The great significance of Variation and Evolution in Plants is that it effectively killed any serious belief in alternative mechanisms of evolution for p ... more details
Infobox Cultivar name Jonagold image Malus Jonagold.jpg image width 250px hybrid Golden Delicious × Jonathan apple Jonathan cultivar Jonagold origin flagicon USA New York , USA, 1953 Jonagold is a cultivar of apple , a cross between Golden Delicious and Jonathan apple Jonathan which was developed in 1953 in New York. They form a large sweet fruit with a thin skin. Because of their large size they are now favoured by commercial growers in many parts of the world. Jonagold is polyploidy triploid , with sterile pollen, and as such, requires a second type of apple for pollen and is incapable of pollenizer pollenizing other cultivars. The Jonagored Apple, a Bud sport sport mutation of Jonagold, was once covered under http www.patentgenius.com patent PP5937.html United States Patent PP05937 , now expired. Jonagold has a green yellow basic color with crimson, brindled covering colour. The apple has a fluffily crisp fruit. It is juicy and aromatic and has a sweet sour taste. Disease susceptibility Scab high ref Dr. Stephen Miller of the USDA Fruit Research Lab in Kearneysville, West Virginia. ref Powdery mildew low Cedar apple rust high Fire blight high References commonscat reflist Category Apple cultivars fruit stub Apples de Jonagold fr Jonagold mk nl Jonagold nds Jonagold simple Jonagold sv Jona Gold ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date November 2006 Polysomy is a condition in which an organism has at least one more chromosome than normal, i.e. the number of a particular chromosome is not Ploidy Diploid diploid there may be three or more copies of the chromosome rather than the expected two copies. Polysomy is usually caused by non disjunction the failure of a pair of homologous chromosome s to separate during meiosis , but may also be due to a translocation mutation . Down syndrome Down s syndrome is an example of polysomy where affected individuals possess three copies Trisomy Trisomy trisomy of Chromosome 21 human chromosome 21 . Polyploidy in Greek multiple is a term applied to cells or organisms that contain more than two copies of each of their chromosomes. Where an organism is normally diploid, some spontaneous aberrations may occur which are usually caused by a hampered cell division. Polyploid types are termed corresponding to the number of chromosome sets in the nucleus triploid three sets 3n , tetraploid four sets 4n , pentaploid five sets 5n , hexaploid six sets 6n and so on. A haploid n only has one set of chromosomes. Haploidy may also occur as a normal stage in an organism s life cycle as in fern s and fungi . Category Chromosomal abnormalities de Polysomie pl Polisomia ... more details
This article was auto generated by User Polbot . Taxobox name Uganda Clawed Frog image status DD status system IUCN3.1 regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Amphibia ordo Anura familia Pipidae genus Xenopus species X. ruwenzoriensis binomial Xenopus ruwenzoriensis binomial authority Tymowska & Fischberg, 1973 synonyms The Uganda Clawed Frog Xenopus ruwenzoriensis is a species of frog in the Pipidae family. It is found in Uganda and possibly Democratic Republic of the Congo . Its natural habitat s are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest s, freshwater marsh es, intermittent freshwater marches, rural gardens, and heavily degraded former forest. It is threatened by habitat loss . ref Tinsley, R., Measey, J., Howell, K. & Beier, M. 2004. http www.iucnredlist.org search details.php 58180 all Xenopus ruwenzoriensis . http www.iucnredlist.org 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 23 July 2007. ref It is also unusual in that it is Polyploidy polyploid , with 12 sets of chromosome s dodecaploidy . ref cite journal pmid 19273062 ref References reflist 2 Category Xenopus Pipidae stub fr Xenopus ruwenzoriensis vi Uganda Clawed Frog ... more details
taxobox name Musk strawberry image Fragaria moschata detail.JPG regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Rosids ordo Rosales familia Rosaceae genus Fragaria species F. moschata binomial Fragaria moschata binomial authority Antoine Nicolas Duchesne Duchesne The musk strawberry Fragaria moschata , is a species of fragaria strawberry native to Europe. Its French name hautbois strawberry is anglicised as hautboy strawberry By whom date August 2011 . Musk strawberries grow wild to a limited extent in the forests of Central Europe, north into Scandinavia, and east into Russia. It was the first strawberry of any sort with a cultivar name, which was Le Chapiron 1576 . ref name Reich cite book title Uncommon Fruits for Every Garden first Lee last Reich publisher Timber Press isbn 088192623X year 2004 pages 34 35 ref By 1591, the cultivar was called Chapiton , then later Capiton . It was mentioned by Quintinye, gardener to Louis XIV , as Capron in 1672. ref name Reich Image FragariaMoschata.JPG thumb left Leaves It is used in the gourmet community for its intense aroma and superb flavour, which has been compared to a mixture of regular strawberry, raspberry and pineapple . ref name Reich The berries are small and round. They are hardy plants that can survive in many weather conditions and are cultivated commercially on a small scale, particularly in Italy . Popular cultivated varieties include Capron and Profumata di Tortona . Polyploidy All strawberries have a base haploid count of 7 chromosomes . Fragaria moschata is polyploidy hexaploid , having six pairs of these chromosomes for a total of 42 chromosomes. See also Fragaria vesca Alpine strawberry Garden Strawberry Notes reflist External links http www.ars grin.gov cgi bin npgs html taxon.pl?257 F. moschata information from GRIN Taxonomy Database http www.ibiblio.org pfaf cgi bin arr html?Fragaria moschata F. moschata information from Ibiblio s Plants for a Future database http l ... more details
of Orchis . Hereditas 24 94 96. Hagerup, O. 1938 Studies on the significance of polyploidy . II ... Danske Videnskabernes Selskab 15 2 1 39. Hagerup, O. 1939 Studies on the significance of polyploidy ... of polyploidy . IV. Oxycoccus . Hereditas 26 399 410. Hagerup, O. 1941 Zyto kologische Bicornes Studien ..., polyploidy and haploidy in Dactylorhiza Orchis maculatus L. sens. lat. Dansk Botanisk Arkiv ... more details
niches vacant. ref name McElwain2007 Polyploidy File Polyploidization.svg right thumb Speciation via polyploidy A diploid cell undergoes failed meiosis , producing diploid gamete s, which self fertilize ... that 30 80 of living plant species are polyploid, and many lineages show evidence of ancient polyploidy ... consequences of polyploidy journal Cell volume 131 issue 3 pages 452 62 year 2007 month November ... a polyploidy event at some point in their evolutionary history. See paleopolyploidy . In many cases ... more details
research. ref He also researched and wrote widely on the role of Hybrid biology hybridization and polyploidy ... reputation as a geneticist. ref name AmJBot UC Berkeley Image Crepis sibirica0.jpg thumb Polyploidy ... had previously studied, Crepis commonly hybridized, displayed polyploidy chromosome doubling , and could ... by polyploidy and apomixis . In The American Species of Crepis , Babcock and Stebbins described ... given rise to polyploid ones. Babcock and Stebbins also observed that Polyploidy Allopolyploidy allopolyploid ... than diploid or Polyploidy Autopolyploidy autotetraploid species, and proposed that polyploids ... Image Triangle of U Simple1.PNG thumb The Triangle of U shows how hybridization, and polyploidy have ... of polyploidy in plant evolution , published in American Naturalist in 1940, demonstrated how work done on artificial polyploids and natural polyploid complexes had shown that polyploidy was important in developing large, complex, and widespread genera. However, by looking at the history of polyploidy in plant family biology families , he argued that polyploidy was only common in herbaceous Perennial ... the role of Polyploidy Paleopolyploidy paleopolyploidy in angiosperm evolution, where he argued ... ref These reviews were highly influential and provided a basis for others to study the role of polyploidy ... of forage grasses, looking at polyploidy and the evolution of the Poaceae and publishing ... environment. ref Stebbins, G. L. 1985. Polyploidy, Hybridization, and the Invasion of New Habitats ... work of C. D. Darlington to show that genetic systems like hybridization and polyploidy were also ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Fragaria vescana image Fragaria vescana.jpg regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots ordo Rosales familia Rosaceae subfamilia Rosoideae genus Fragaria species F. vescana note to editors please keep multiplication signs outside the inverted commas, as otherwise they can appear italicised in some browsers Fragaria vescana is a Hybrid biology hybrid strawberry cultivar that was created in an effort to combine the best traits of the garden strawberry Fragaria ananassa , which has large berries and vigorous plants, with the woodland strawberry Fragaria vesca , which has an exquisite flavour, but small berries. This cross cannot take place naturally. Fragaria ananassa has eight sets of chromosomes whereas Fragaria vesca has only two sets. Repeated attempts to cross these resulted in infertility sterile offspring. Researchers treated tissue from a Fragaria vesca plant with colchicine to create a mutant plant with four sets of chromosomes. This mutant was then crossed with a Fragaria ananassa plant, and vigorous fertile offspring were obtained. The offspring were found to be polyploidy decaploid , having ten sets of chromosomes . Fragaria vescana is not yet commercially important, but remains under development. While the plants are vigorous like their F. ananassa parents, and the berries have the excellent flavour of the F. vesca parents, the berries are still quite small. F. vescana cultivars The following decaploid strawberries were released by the Swedish breeding program at Balsg rd Annelie 1977 Sara 1988 Annelie Sparkle F. vesca 4 open pollinated Rebecka 1998 Fern F. vesca 4 F. ananassa F861502 German F. vescana cultivars Spadeka 1977 Florika 1989 Sparkle F. vesca Semperflorens Klettererdebeere H. References http www.actahort.org books 348 348 4.htm Bauer, A. 1993. Progress in breeding decaploid Fragaria vescana . Acta Hort . ISHS 348 60 64 Category Fragaria vescana Category Berries Category Hybrid fruit simple Fr ... more details
Orphan date November 2006 Secondary constriction is seen at the chromosome in addition to primary constriction centromere . Chromosome can bend only at the site of primary constriction during Anaphase . Secondary constrictions are useful in identifying a chromosome from a set. There are either 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 secondary constriction sites in a cell at anaphase . Some parts of these constrictions indicates sites of nucleolus formation and so they are called Nucleolar Organizing Region . Anaphase is part of cell division The formations of nucleolus takes place around the NOR region. The secondary constriction also contains the genes for rRNA synthesis 18 S, 5.8 S, 28 S NOR occurs in SAT satellite chromosome chromosomes 13,14,15,21,22 External links http www.metla.fi iufro iufro95abs d2pap60.htm Karyomorphological Studies of Species in Taxodiaceae METLA http www.nature.com hdy journal v86 n5 full 6887680a.html Physical locations of 5S and 18S 25S rDNA in Asian and American diploid Hordeum species with the I genome Heredity http www.nature.com hdy journal v89 n1 full 6800081a.html Evolutionary aspects of the ZZ ZW sex chromosome system in the Characidae fish, genus Triportheus. A monophyletic state and NOR location on the W chromosome Heredity http www.nature.com hdy journal v94 n5 full 6800648a.html Evolutionary implications of permanent odd polyploidy in the stable sexual, pentaploid of Rosa canina L Heredity http jcs.biologists.org cgi reprint 103 4 919.pdf Molecular characterization of the secondary constriction region qh of human chromosome 9 with pericentric inversion Journal of Cell Science DEFAULTSORT Secondary Constriction Category Mitosis DNA De oxiribo neuclic acid ... more details
taxobox image Atriplex canescens habit.jpg regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Core eudicots ordo Caryophyllales familia Amaranthaceae genus Atriplex species A. canescens binomial Atriplex canescens binomial authority Pursh Nutt. Atriplex canescens , Chamiso , Chamiza , Four wing saltbush , Four wing saltbush , and Fourwing saltbush , is a species of evergreen shrub in the Amaranthaceae family, which is native to the western and mid western United States . Description Atriplex canescens has a highly variable form, and readily hybridizes with several other species in the Atriplex genus. The degree of polyploidy also results in variations in form. Its height can vary from 1 foot to 10 feet, but 2 to 4 feet is most common. The leaves are thin and 0.5 to 2 inches long. It is most readily identified by its fruits, which have four wings at roughly 90 degree angles and are densely packed on long stems. File Atriplex canescens var canescens 6.jpg right thumb Dried fruits on a stem, in the desert west of Las Vegas, Nevada Habitat Fourwing saltbush is most common in early succession areas such as disturbed sites and active sand dunes. It is also found in more mature successions dominated by Artemisia tridentata sagebrush Artemisia tridentata and shadscale . External links commons Atriplex canescens http www.fs.fed.us database feis plants shrub atrcan USDA Forest Service Atriplex canescens http plants.usda.gov java profile?symbol ATCA2 USDA Plants Profile Atriplex canescens http ucjeps.berkeley.edu cgi bin get JM treatment.pl?3084,3089,3095 UC Jepson Manual treatment Atriplex canescens Category Atriplex canescens Category Flora of the Western United States Category Flora of the Northwestern United States Category Flora of the Southwestern United States Category Flora of the Plains Midwest United States Category Flora of the Great Basin desert region Category Flora of the California desert regions Category Flora of the Sierra Nev ... more details
italic title taxobox name Trifolium dubium image TrifoliumDubium bloem hr.jpg regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Rosids ordo Fabales familia Fabaceae subfamilia Faboideae genus Trifolium species T. dubium binomial Trifolium dubium binomial authority John Sibthorp Sibth. Trifolium dubium , the Lesser Hop Trefoil or suckling clover is a plant in the family Fabaceae . This species is generally accepted as the primary plant to represent the traditional Ireland Irish Shamrock . ref Cooper, P. http www.irishcentral.com saint patricks day Shamrock shortage in Ireland sparks St Pats fears 87631932.html Shamrock shortage in Ireland sparks St. Pat s fears . Irish Central. ref It is native to Europe, but can be found in many parts of the world as an introduced species . It is probably an Polyploidy allotetraploid that arose from the crossing of Trifolium campestre and Trifolium micranthum T. micranthum . ref Ansari, H. A., et al. 2008 . Molecular and cytogenetic evidence for an allotetraploid origin of Trifolium dubium Leguminosae . Chromosoma 117 2 159 67. ref See also White clover References references External links http ucjeps.berkeley.edu cgi bin get JM treatment.pl?3691,4222,4252 Jepson Manual Treatment http plants.usda.gov java profile?symbol TRDU2 USDA Plants Profile http biology.burke.washington.edu herbarium imagecollection.php?Genus Trifolium&Species dubium Washington Burke Museum Category Trifolium dubium Category Flora of Ireland Category Flora of Europe Category Invasive plant species in the United States Category Invasive plant species in California Faboideae stub az Trifolium dubium ca Tr vol menut de Faden Klee et V ike ristik fr Tr fle douteux hsb M li ki d e el la Trifolium dubium lt Ma asis dobilas nl Kleine klaver ja nn Musekl ver pl Koniczyna drobnog wkowa fi Pikkuapila sv Sp dkl ver vi Trifolium dubium ... more details
This article was auto generated by User Polbot . Taxobox name Tropidophoxinellus alburnoides status VU status system IUCN3.1 regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Actinopterygii ordo Cypriniformes familia Cyprinidae genus Tropidophoxinellus species T. alburnoides binomial Tropidophoxinellus alburnoides binomial authority Franz Steindachner Steindachner , 1866 synonyms center Leuciscus alburnoides br Iberocypris alburnoides br Squalius alburnoides range map Mapa Squalius alburnoides.png range map width 240px Tropidophoxinellus alburnoides is a species of fish in the family biology family Cyprinidae . It is found in Portugal and Spain . Its natural habitat s are river s and intermittent rivers. It may be threatened by habitat loss . Tropidophoxinellus alburnoides is a highly peculiar fish in regard to its evolution and reproduction. It has been derived from hybridisation between females of Squalius pyrenaicus and males of another, unknown cyprinid species, and maintains the genome s of both parental species. Tropidophoxinellus alburnoides may have various numbers of these genomes polyploidy , and may use different reproductive modes to pass them on to the offspring, including asexual reproduction , normal meiosis and hybridogenesis . Sources Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 45 2007 981 996 Crivelli, A.J. 2006 http www.iucnredlist.org search details.php 60400 all Iberocypris alburnoides . http www.iucnredlist.org 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010. Downloaded on 19 June 2010. Pala I, Schartl M, Thorsteinsd ttir S, Coelho MM 2009 http www.plosone.org article info doi 2F10.1371 2Fjournal.pone.0006401 Sex Determination in the Squalius alburnoides Complex An Initial Characterization of Sex Cascade Elements in the Context of a Hybrid Polyploid Genome PLoS ONE 4 7 e6401. doi 10.1371 journal.pone.0006401 FishBase species genus Tropidophoxinellus species alburnoides month October year 2011 Cyprinidae stub Category Cyprinidae Category Fish hybrids es ... more details
Taxobox image Pellaea andromedifolia 2.jpg regnum Plant ae divisio Pteridophyta classis Pteridopsida ordo Pteridales familia Pellaeaceae genus Pellaea species P. andromedifolia binomial Pellaea andromedifolia binomial authority Kaulfuss Antoine Laurent Apollinaire F e F e Pellaea andromedifolia , with the common name Coffee fern , is a species of Pellaea cliff brake fern . It is native to California in the United States and Baja California in Mexico. Description This plant does not have the immediately recognizable sharply pointed leaflets on its frond s that many other ferns have. Its leaves bear rounded or oval shaped segments widely spaced along the rachis . Each segment may curl under along its edges. The leaves are green when new, then turn red, purplish, or brown. Some individuals of this species are diploid and reproduce sexually, while some are Polyploidy triploid or tetraploid and reproduce by apogamy growth of a plant from a gamete without fertilization . Habitat Pellaea andromedifolia is found on dry Western facing sunny banks, in coastal, Mojave Desert , and California chaparral and woodlands habitat s. It is able to take long periods without water, when it will shrivel and appear dead. Then shortly after rainfall new growth appears quickly from the ground. It is not crown forming, but spreading slowly and forming clumps. External links http ucjeps.berkeley.edu cgi bin get JM treatment.pl?92,122,123 Jepson Manual Treatment Pellaea andromedifolia http calphotos.berkeley.edu cgi img query?where genre Plant&where taxon Pellaea andromedifolia Pellaea andromedifolia Photo gallery http plants.usda.gov java profile?symbol PEAN2 USDA Plants Profile Pellaea andromedifolia Category Pellaea andromedifolia Category Ferns of California Category Fern species Category Flora of California chaparral and woodlands Category Flora of the California desert regions Category Flora of Baja California fern stub ... more details
This article was auto generated by User Polbot . taxobox name Sinadoxa corydalifolia status VU status system IUCN3.1 regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Asterids ordo Dipsacales familia Adoxaceae genus Sinadoxa species S. corydalifolia binomial Sinadoxa corydalifolia binomial authority C.Y.Wu, Z.L.Wu & R.F.Huang Sinadoxa corydalifolia is the only species of plant in genus Sinadoxa , in the Adoxaceae family. It is Endemism endemic to the Hengduan Shan Hengduan region of China . ref cite journal last Ze Long Nie coauthors Jun Wen, Zhi Jian Gu, David E. Boufford, & Hang Sun year 2005 title Polyploidy in the Flora of the Hengduan Mountains Hotspot, Southwestern China journal Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden volume 92 pages 275 306 url http flora.huh.harvard.edu china novon mobt 92 02 275.pdf format pdf ref References Reflist China Plant Specialist Group 2004. http www.iucnredlist.org search details.php 46398 all Sinadoxa corydalifolia . http www.iucnredlist.org 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 23 August 2007. Wu Zhengyi, Sun Hang , Zhou Zhekun, Peng Hua, & Li Dezhu. 2007 Origin and differentiation of endemism in the flora of China Frontiers of Biology in China 2 2 125 143. Category Flora of China Category Adoxaceae Category Vulnerable plants Category Monotypic plant genera Dipsacales stub es Sinadoxa vi Hoa ph c hoa zh ... more details
Taxobox regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Rosids ordo Rosales familia Rosaceae genus Crataegus series Crataegus series Punctatae Punctatae series authority John Claudius Loudon Loudon Alfred Rehder Rehder ref Phipps, J.B. Robertson, K.R. Smith, P.G. Rohrer, J.R. 1990 . A checklist of the subfamily Maloideae Rosaceae . Canadian Journal of Botany . 68 10 2209 2269. ref species C. collina binomial Crataegus collina binomial authority Alvan Wentworth Chapman Chapm. Crataegus collina is a type of Crataegus hawthorn that is closely related to Crataegus punctata C. punctata , the dotted hawthorn ref Phipps, J.B., O Kennon, R.J., Lance, R.W. 2003 . Hawthorns and medlars . Royal Horticultural Society, Cambridge, U.K. ref , and sometimes considered to be the same species ref Gleason, H.A,. Cronquist, A. 1963 Manual of vascular plants of Northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. W. Grant Press, Boston, Mass., U.S.A. ref . A sample of C. collina and C. punctata has suggested that C. collina is polyploid , and C. punctata is diploid , but a wider sample is needed to confirm that this is generally the case ref Talent, N., Dickinson, T.A. 2005 . Polyploidy in Crataegus and Mespilus Rosaceae, Maloideae evolutionary inferences from flow cytometry of nuclear DNA amounts. Canadian Journal of Botany 83 1268 1304 ref . References and external links reflist http www.ars grin.gov cgi bin npgs html taxon.pl?313788 GRIN Species Profile Rosales stub Category Crataegus collina az Crataegus collina ... more details
taxobox regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Asterids ordo Asterales familia Asteraceae genus Antennaria species A. media binomial Antennaria media binomial authority Edward Lee Greene Greene synonyms Antennaria austromontana br Antennaria candida br Antennaria densa br Antennaria gormanii br Antennaria modesta br Antennaria mucronata Antennaria media is a species of flowering plant in the Asteraceae daisy family known by the common name Rocky Mountain pussytoes . It is native to western North America from Alaska and northwestern Canada to California to New Mexico , where it grows in cold regions such as the alpine climate of high mountain This is a perennial herb forming a matted patch of stolon s and woolly basal leaves with inflorescence s no more than about 13 centimeters tall. The inflorescences contain several Head botany flower heads . The species is plant sexuality dioecious , with male and female plants producing flower heads of slightly different morphologies. The fruit is an achene up to about 6 millimeters long, most of which is the long, soft Pappus flower structure pappus . Subspecies There are several subspecies one subspecies is Ploidy diploid and reproduces sexual reproduction sexually and the others are polyploidy polyploid and display apomixis . ref Chmielewski, J. G. 1997 . A taxonomic revision of the Antennaria media Asteraceae Inuleae polyploid species complex in western North America. Brittonia 49 3 309 27. ref References reflist External links http ucjeps.berkeley.edu cgi bin get JM treatment.pl?609,671,680 Jepson Manual Treatment http plants.usda.gov java profile?symbol ANME2 USDA Plants Profile http calphotos.berkeley.edu cgi img query?query src photos index&where taxon Antennaria media Photo gallery Category Antennaria media Category Alpine flora Category Flora of Western Canada Category Flora of the Western United States Category Flora of California Category Flora of the Sierra Nevada region ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Gerhard Fankauser 1901 1981 was an embryologist known for his studies on amphibian development. He was a Princeton professor from 1931 to 1969. ref cite news url http query.nytimes.com gst fullpage.html?res 9906E0D71539F936A35753C1A967948260 work The New York Times title Dr. Gerhard Fankhauser Dies date October 5, 1981 accessdate May 3, 2010 ref Fankhauser s research showed the correlation between chromosome number ploidy and cell size. ref cite news url http query.nytimes.com gst fullpage.html?res 9906E0D71539F936A35753C1A967948260 work The New York Times title Dr. Gerhard Fankhauser Dies date October 5, 1981 accessdate May 3, 2010 ref In his research on Triturus viridescens , a species of newt , Fankhauser discovered that cell size was not the determining factor in the size of an organism. In his 1945 paper, Fankhauser showed that although the nephric duct cells of polyploidy embryos are larger, the size of the duct itself remained constant ref Cite journal last Kirschner first Marc author link last2 Gerhart first2 J author2 link title Molecular Vitalism journal Cell volume 100 issue 1 pages 79 88 date January 7 year 2000 url http www.eecs.harvard.edu rad courses sb301 fall05 kirschner cell00.pdf doi 10.1016 S0092 8674 00 81685 2 id pmid 10647933 last3 Mitchison first3 T postscript None ref References reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Fankhauser, Gerhard ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1901 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 1981 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Fankhauser, Gerhard Category 1901 births Category 1981 deaths Category Embryologists ... more details
italictitle taxobox name Bicolored Cattleya image Cattleya bicolor.jpg regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Monocots ordo Asparagales familia Orchidaceae subfamilia Epidendroideae tribus Epidendreae subtribus Laeliinae alliance Cattleya genus Cattleya subgenus Cattleya subg. Schomburgkoidea C . subg. Schomburgkoidea species C. bicolor binomial Cattleya bicolor binomial authority Lindl. 1836 synonyms Cattleya bicolor var. splendida Rchb.f. 1857 Cattleya bicolor var. wrigleyana Rchb.f. 1885 Cattleya bicolor var. mearuresiana B.S. Williams 1888 Cattleya bicolor var. olocheilos Klinge 1898 Cattleya measuresiana L.O.Williams Blumensch. 1961 Cattleya bicolor is a species of orchid . Chromosome number s of several C. bicolor individuals have been determined, finding diploid chromosome numbers of both 2 n 40 and 2 n 80 Polyploidy Polyploid types tetraploid . ref page 250. Leonardo P. Felix and Marcelo Guerra Variation in chromosome number and the basic number of subfamily Epidendroideae Orchidaceae Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 163 2010 234 278, The Linnean Society of London ref Footnotes reflist TaxonIds wikispecies Cattleya bicolor ncbi 142256 namebank eol itis commons inline Cattleya bicolor Cattleya bicolor br DEFAULTSORT Cattleya bicolor Category Cattleya sensu MCMXCIX bicolor Category Bifoliate Cattleya bicolor Category Cattleya subg. Schomburgkoidea bicolor Epidendreae stub ... more details
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