Hatnote Point , in typography, may also refer to a dot grapheme e.g. full stop Interpunct as in the expression, decimal point . For non typographical uses, see Point disambiguation . TOCright In typography , a point is the smallest Typographic unit unit of measure, being a subdivision of the larger Pica typography pica . It is commonly abbreviated as pt. The point has long been the usual unit for measuring ... More on the story of the typographical pointTypography terms Category Typography Category Units of length ... s point, from the era of foundry metal typesetting and Printing press letter press printing , varied .... In the late 1980s to the 1990s, the traditional point was supplanted by the desktop publishing point also called the PostScript point , which was defined as 72 points to the inch 1 point frac 1 72 ... to the pica. In metal type, the point size of the font described the size height of the metal body ... space, but is used as the basis from which the type is scaled see em typography em . A measurement ... and 1 point. An alternate nomenclature is described in the pica article. French printer s points See ... used below or 12 sup 3 sup . Truchet The modern typographic point was invented in France by the clergyman ..., a point was defined the other way, there were a dozen dozen points per French inch&mdash or 1728 ... point of about frac 11 864 French Royal inches 0.345 mm . A close resemblance compared to the modern ... point frac 1 72 inches frac 25.4 72 mm 0.352 overline 7 mm Fournier s point did not achieve ..., Belgium remains one of the few countries to employ Fournier s point. According to the Second Edition of Simon s 1963 Introduction to Typography, type styles such as, Fournier, Plantin and Imprint ... by typesetters and printers. Though the general size of the Didot point continued to be preferred to that of Truchet, several other printers each chose his or her own value for the point. These are compared below 0.376065 mm 0.0249 larger than Didot s point the traditional value in European ... more details
An en is a typographic unit , half of the width of an em typography em . By definition, it is equivalent to half of the height of the font e.g. in 16 pointtypographypoint type it is 8 points . As its name suggests, it is also traditionally the width of a lowercase letter n . The Dash En dash en dash and en space punctuation space are each one en wide. In English, the en dash is commonly used for inclusive ranges e.g., pages 12 17 or August 7, 1988 November 26, 2005 , and increasingly to replace the long dash Citation needed date August 2010 . Note that when using it to replace a long dash, spaces are needed either side of it like so. See also Dash Em typography x height Typography terms DEFAULTSORT En Typography Category Typography de Halbgeviert it En tipografia sr ... more details
unref date November 2011 Digital typography is the Typography arrangement of type using computers . See also Typography Computer font Web typography Desktop publishing Font rasterization Category Digital typography computer stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Unit of length name cicero m .0045 accuracy 4 A cicero IPAc en icon s s r o is a unit of measure used in typography in Italy , France and other continental Europe an countries, first used by Arnold Pannartz and Konrad Sweynheim Pannartz and Sweynheim in 1468 for the edition of Cicero s Epistles, Ad Familiares . The font size thus acquired the name cicero . It is Frac 6 of the historical French inch , and is divided into 12 points, known in English as French points or Point typography Didot Didot point s. The measure term cicero is thus used similarly to an English Pica typography pica , although the French inch was slightly larger than the English inch there are about 1.063 picas to a cicero. Cicero and the points derived from cicero was used in the lead days of typography in continental Europe. Nowadays all computers use pica and the points derived from pica as font size measurement alongside with millimeters for the line length, and paper size measurement. Cicero 4.5 mm. Pica 4.23333333 mm. Typography terms DEFAULTSORT Cicero typography Category Typography Category Units of length ca C cero cs Cicero typografie da Cicero typografi de Cicero Ma es C cero unidad ko it Cicero unit di misura kk hu Cicer m rt kegys g pl Cycero pt C cero medida tipogr fica ru sv Cicero m tt uk ... more details
Modern Typography was a reaction against the perceived decadence of typography and design of the late ... Bayer , Laszlo Moholy Nagy , El Lissitzky and others. Design concept Modern typography reflected ... Press, 1968. ref Jan Tschichold codified the principles of modern typography in his 1928 book, New Typography . He later repudiated the philosophy he espoused in this book as being fascistic, but it remained very influential. Typeface The hallmark of early modern typography is the sans serif ... and easy reading. ref Kibbee, W Modern Trends in Typography , The American Journal of Economics ... ref Objective The Modern typography states as its first objective to develop its visible ..., form must be created out of function. Only then can we achieve typography that expresses the spirit ... sequence of the contents. ref Tschichold, J. translated by McLean, R The New Typography A Handbook ... in modern typography is definitely toward simplicity and legibility, employing forms that comply ... in Typography , The American Journal of Economics and Sociology , page 219. 1948. Available online ... technology, translates problems and experiences into a visual linear order. There is a single point ... wrote a famous article about rules for typography in modern print in 1932. According to her everything ... on Typography , page 91. World Publishing, 1956. ref To make a good choice of typography, for modernist ... Designers in London. Later published in The Crystal Goblet Sixteen Essays on Typography , page ... simplicity of Bauhaus, Constructivism art Constructivism , Futurism and their claim that typography, like architecture , must be functional. See also Pioneers of Modern Typography Kurt Schwitters ... by McLean, Ruari, 1925 , The New Typography A Handbook for Modern Designers , University of California ... Goblet Sixteen Essays on Typography , Cleveland and New York World Publishing 1956 . Zelman, Stephanie ... onepage&q &f false Pioneers of modern typography By Herbert Spencer , Google books http books.google.ca ... more details
H. Lockwood , p. 436 See also PointtypographyTypography terms DEFAULTSORT Pica Typography Category Typography Category Units of length nl Pica typografie pt Paica es Pica tipograf a sv Pica m tt ... represents 13 points , which is converted to a mixed fraction of 1 pica and 1 point. Citation ... Wide Web Consortium use pc as the abbreviation for pica 1 6 of an inch , and pt for point 1 72 ... more details
measurement , rather than a fixed one such as pixel s px or pointtypography points . Related terms ...An em is a typographic unit unit of measurement in the field of typography , equal to the currently specified point size. The name of em is related to M . Originally the unit was derived from the width of the capital M in the given typeface . ref name adobe This unit of measurement unit is the same for all fonts at a given point size. ref cite book title The Elements of Typographic Style last Bringhurst first Robert year 1992 publisher Hartley & Marks location Vancouver, British Columbia Vancouver, BC isbn 9780881790337 oclc 25411784 pages 25 26 ref 1 em in a 16 pointtypographypoint typeface is 16 points. Em is frequently expressed in decimal notation, e.g., .7 em, or as fractions of 100 or 1000, e.g. 70 100 em or 700 1000 em. History In metal type, the point size and hence the em is measured as the height of the metal body from which the letter rises. In metal type possible overhangs aside , the physical size of a letter could not normally exceed the em. In digital type, the em is a grid of arbitrary resolution that is used as the design space of a digital font. Imaging systems, whether for screen or for print, work by scaling the em to a specified point size. In digital type, the relationship of the height of particular letters to the em is arbitrarily set by the typeface ... em was traditionally defined as the width of the capital M in the current typeface and point size, ref ... and the Arabic alphabet . Thus, em generally means the point size of the font in question, which is the same ..., as is the em dash &mdash . By contrast, the narrower unit en typography en is half an em. See also En typography Dash Em dash Em dash Typeface Dots per inch Computer monitor DPI standards Pixels per ... webdesign.about.com b 2010 06 26 questions about the em size unit.htm Search for origin Typography terms DEFAULTSORT Em Typography Category Display technology Category Typography Category Units of length ... more details
Orphan date December 2011 Temporal typography is typography that appears to move or change over time. It normally appears in screen based Mass media media , and in particular title sequences, Television station TV station Station identification idents , and advertising . Category Typography typ stub ... more details
Image Two column layout.png thumb An example of a two column layout with caption. In typography , a column is one or more vertical blocks of content media and publishing content positioned on a page, separated by gutters and or rule typography rule s. Columns are most commonly used to break up large bodies of text that cannot fit in a single block of text on a page. Additionally, columns are used to improve page composition and readability. Newspapers very frequently use complex multi column layouts to break up different stories and longer bodies of texts within a story. Column can also more generally refer to the vertical delineations created by a typographic grid system which type and image may be positioned. Typographic style For best legibility, typographic manuals suggest that columns should contain roughly 60 characters per line. ref Carter, 1993. p. 91 ref One formula suggests multiplying the pointtypographypoint size of the font by 2 to reach how wide a column should be in Pica typography pica s ref For example, a 9pt font size would require a 18 pica column width. ref in effect a column width of 24 em typography em s. Following these guidelines usually results in multiple narrow columns being favored over a single wide column. ref Romano, 1984. pp. 86 87 ref Historically, books containing predominantly text generally have around 40 lines per column. However, this rule of thumb does not apply to more complex text that contain multiple images or illustrations, footnotes, running heads, folios, and captions. ref Haslam, 2005. p. 140 ref Column contrast refers to the overall color or greyness established by the column, and can be adjusted in a number of ways. One way is to adjust the relationship between the width and height of the column. Another ... and Typography publisher Watson Guptill location New York, N.Y year 2005 pages 140 isbn 0 8230 5528 0 Romano, Frank J. The TypeEncyclopedia . R.R. Bowker Company 1984. pp. 86 86. Typography terms ... more details
ref improve date October 2011 Kinetic typography the technical name for moving text is an animation technique ... Early feature films contained temporal typography, but this was largely static text, presented sequentially ... to feature typography that was truly kinetic. Scholars recognize the first feature film to extensively use kinetic typography as Alfred Hitchcock s North by Northwest 1959 . This film s opening title ... Since then, the use of kinetic typography has become commonplace in film introductory titles and television ... typography. It is necessary to make this distinction in order to classify kinetic typography in ways ... behaviours . Kinetic typography is therefore categorised according to behaviours or action, rather than appearance. In classification, kinetic typography is a form of temporal typographytypography that is presented over time . It is distinct from other forms of temporal typography including ... Barbara Brownie s model of temporal typography divides kinetic typography into motion typography subdivided into scrolling typography , dynamic layout and fluid typography ref http journalhosting.org meccsa pgn index.php netknow article view 27 61 ref Motion typography In dynamic layout, text ... plane, or in three dimensional space. Likewise, scrolling typography can scroll across the flat screen, or can appear to recede or advance. Fluid typography In fluid typography, letterforms change and evolve without necessarily changing location. Production Kinetic typography is often produced using ... http kinetictypography.com 2 ways of communicating with kinetic typography ref The effect is most often ... Kinetic Typography Channel on Vimeo http www.artofthetitle.com The Art of the Title Sequence A compendium ... of which feature kinetic typography http www.marcofolio.net video 15 stunning motion typography videos.html 15 Stunning Motion Typography Videos http joaobordalo.com articles 2007 08 15 top 12 kinetic typography films Top 12 Kinetic Typography Films http www.crookedgremlins.com 09 01 2008 kinetic typography ... more details
break is sometimes accompanied by an Asterism typography asterism either proper Unicode or manual , a horizontal rule, fleuron typography fleuron s, or by other ornamental symbols. An ornamental symbol ... more details
Measure or sometimes The Measure in typography refers to the width of a block or Column typography column of text from the left Margin typography margin to the right margin. Punctuation should preferably Hanging punctuation hang outside the measure. It is relative to each design , but can be used as a unit of measurement within that design to create unity and harmony. The measure of a text influences legibility. Long lines are hard to read, short lines are more easily read. 45 75 characters per line are regarded as the ideal range for the measure. For multiple column setups, 40 50 characters are often preferred. 66 is sometimes considered ideal for one column setups. Generally, if the measure is wide, the leading of a text should be increased if the measure is short, it is can safely be decreased. Reverse text, i.e. white text on black also requires more leading. ref http webtypography.net Rhythm and Proportion Horizontal Motion 2.1.2 ref ref http www.markboulton.co.uk journal comments five simple steps to better typography ref The measure or the length of a legible line is the length of the alphabet Caps, Lowercase and Numerals of a typeface of a size being used. References Reflist Typography terms DEFAULTSORT Measure Typography Category Page layout ... more details
Image Typography Line Terms.svg thumb 390px The ascenders are the parts of minuscule characters that lie above the midline. In typography , an ascender is the portion of a Lower case minuscule grapheme letter in a Latin derived alphabet that extends above the mean line of a typeface font . That is, the part of a lower case letter that is taller than the font s x height . Ascenders, together with descenders , increase the recognizability of words. For this reason, British road signs no longer use all capital letters . ref Cite book last Sampson first Geoffrey title Writing Systems A linguistic introduction pages 94 95 location Stanford, California publisher Stanford University Press year 1985 isbn 0804712549 ref Studies made at the start of the construction of the British motorway network concluded that mixed case letters were much easier to read than all caps and a special font was designed for motorway signs. These then became universal across the U.K. See Road signs in the United Kingdom . References reflist Typography terms Category Typography THIS IS NOT A STUB, BUT A SHORT ARTICLE. DO NOT ADD A STUB MESSAGE. ca Asta ascendent cs P smov osnova de Liniensystem Typografie es Asta ascendente it Tratto ascendente nl Stokletter sr sv verh ng zh ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Image swash.png thumbnail right Swashes marked with red color. Image Regular italic swash cap.png thumbnail Minion Pro in capital letters in regular 1 , italic 2 and swash 3 style. A swash is a typography typographical flourish on a glyph , like an exaggerated serif . Capital swash Character symbol characters , which extended to the left, were historically often used to begin sentences. There were also Lower case minuscule swash characters, which came either extending to the left, to begin words, or to the right to end them. They were used in former times to help fit the text to the line, instead of spaces of varying widths Justification typesetting justification . Some of the characters in typographical ligature ligatures were called swash characters, even though they did not protrude to the space on either side of the piece of type, such as the tail of a capital Q passing under its succeeding u . Similarly the tail of a swash g would extend to the left beneath a number of preceding letters limited by the set of ligatures the typographer chose for the set. File Zapfino.svg thumb left Flamboyant swashes in the Zapfino typeface Typography terms DEFAULTSORT Swash Typography Category Typography fr Lettre orn e it Svolazzo nl Sierkapitaal sv Swash ... more details
variant of KOI8 R character set this symbol was placed at the code point used by the dollar sign in ASCII ... date July 2008 Using one and the same code point for different national currency symbols can be problematic ... symbols Category Currency signs Typography da Generisk valutategn de Allgemeines W hrungssymbol ... more details
About typography other uses Baseline disambiguation Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 File Typography Line Terms.svg right 410px In European and West Asian typography and penmanship , the baseline is the line upon which most letters sit and below which descender s extend. In the example to the right, the letter p has a descender the other letters sit on the red baseline. Most, though not all, typeface s are similar in the following ways as regards the baseline Majuscule capital letters sit on the baseline. The most common exceptions are the J and Q. Lining figures see Arabic numerals sit on the baseline. The following text figures have descenders 3 4 5 7 9. The following Lower case lowercase letters have descenders g j p q y. Glyphs with rounded lower and upper extents 0 3 6 8 c C G J o O Q dip very slightly below the baseline overshoot to create the optical illusion that they st on the baseline, and rise above the x height or capital height to create the illusion that they have the same height as flat glyphs such as those for H x X 1 5 7 . Peter Karow s Digital Typefaces suggests that typical overshoot is about 1.5 . The vertical distance of the base lines of consecutive lines in a paragraph is also known as line height or leading , although the latter can also refer to the baseline distance minus the font size. North Indian scripts have a characteristic hanging baseline the letters are aligned to the top of the writing line, marked by an overbar, with diacritics extending above the baseline. East Asian scripts have no baseline each glyph sits in a square box, with neither ascenders nor descenders. When mixed with scripts with a low baseline, East Asian characters should be set so that the bottom of the character is between the baseline and the descender height. See also Overshoot typography Overshoot Typography terms DEFAULTSORT Baseline Typography Category Typography Category Penmanship Category Article Feedback 5 Typ stub de Schriftlinie es L nea de base ... more details
In typography , a counter or aperture is an area entirely or partially enclosed by a letter form or a symbol the counter space the hole of . ref cite book last1 Maxymuk first1 John title Using desktop publishing to create newsletters, handouts, and Web pages trans title url http books.google.com books?ei Py1jSuyoH4nAzQT 1rn1CA&id 1cyy76 taU4C&dq typography counter&q counter format Google books snippet view accessdate July 19, 2009 year 1997 page 33 quote Counter is the white space center of enclosed letters like Bb, Dd, Pp. publisher Neal Schuman isbn 9781555702656 ref ref cite book last1 Narang first1 Sumita authorlink1 last2 first2 editor1 first editor1 last editor1 link others title Designing Websites According to the Ancient Science of Directions url http books.google.com books?id zVUCxdx7QYcC&pg PA74&dq typography counter aperture&as brr 3&ei HS5jSsXAMpnCzgTk7OyuDQ format Google books limited prview accessdate July 19, 2009 edition series volume date year 2006 publisher Smita Jain Narang location language isbn 9788120730717 page 74 quote Open space in a letter is called the counter or the aperture. ref Letters containing closed counters include A, B, D, O, P, Q, R, a, b, d, e, g, o, p, and q. Letters containing open counters include c, f, h, i, s etc. The digits 0, 4, 6, 8, and 9 also possess a counter. Typography terms References Reflist Category Typography typ stub Other languages de Punze Typografie fr Contreforme ... more details
mergeto Book design Page spread date July 2010 Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 In page layout and typography, a spread often redundantly called a two page spread is the unit formed by two adjacent, facing page paper pages in a magazine or other publication, featuring a single image such as a photograph or piece of artwork or a themed group of images such as a flowchart or collection of map s . The line down the middle where the pages come together is called the gutter. See also Center spread A spread in the center of a magazine, where the two pages are one physical piece of paper. Gatefold or foldout A page which folds out beyond the edges of the publication. Gatefolds and foldouts are frequently, but not necessarily, center spreads. Comics vocabulary Splash page Splash page Centerfold gatefolded spread. DEFAULTSORT Spread Typography Category Page layout Publish stub pl Strony widz ce ... more details
File Typography Line Terms.svg thumb 400px Overshoot is the degree that capital letters go below the baseline or above the cap height, and lowercase letters go below the baseline or above the mean line. In type design typeface design , the overshoot of a round or pointed letter like O or A is the degree to which it extends higher or lower than a comparably sized flat letter like X or H , to achieve an optical effect of being the same size. Formally, it is the degree to which capital letters go below the Baseline typography baseline or above the cap height , or to which a lowercase letter goes below the baseline or above the x height . For example, the highest and lowest extent of the capital O will typically exceed those of the capital X . Although the extent of overshoot varies depending on the design and the designer, perhaps 1 to 3 of the cap or x height is typical for O . Peter Karow s Digital Formats for Typefaces recommends 3 for O and 5 for A . ref http pfaedit.sourceforge.net glossary.html overshoot Typographical glossary Overshoot ref ref Peter Karow s Digital Formats for Typefaces, p. 26 ref Similar design Similar subtle adjustments to create an even appearance occur in other fields. For example, in the Go game game of go , the Go game Stones stones , which are black and white, are of slightly different sizes black slightly larger , to give the appearance of being the same size. References reflist Category TypographyTypography terms typ stub ... more details
File Margins.svg thumb A diagram displaying equal margins of width 25mm on an A4 page. In typography , a margin is the space that surrounds the content of a page. ref http www.adobe.com eeurope type topics glossary.html margin Adobe Fonts Type topics Glossary . Adobe.com. Retrieved on 2010 12 30. ref The margin helps to define where a line of text begins and ends. When a page is Justification typesetting justified the text is spread out to be flush with the left and right margins. When two pages of content are combined next to each other known as a two page spread , the space between the two pages is known as the gutter . ref http whatstype.com terms terms 00.html Typographic Terms . Whatstype.com. Retrieved on 2010 12 30. ref The default margins for Microsoft Word from version 2007 onward have been 1 inch all around until Word 2003, the top and bottom margins were 1 inch, but 1.25 inches were given at the left and the right. ref http www.metricationmatters.com docs PageBordersInchesORmillimetres.pdf Page borders inches or millimetres? ref ref http www.labnol.org software tutorials default print margins microsoft word climate enviroment 2318 Default Print Margin in Word Documents and our Environment . Labnol.org 2008 02 14 . Retrieved on 2010 12 30. ref OpenOffice.org Writer has 0.79 inch 2 cm all around. ref http csclub.stthomas.edu ooomargins Setting an OpenOffice.org template for MS Word default margins UST Computer Science Club . Csclub.stthomas.edu 2006 11 20 . Retrieved on 2010 12 30. ref LaTeX varies the width of its margins depending on the document size and font size used but it tries to adjust the margins for optimum readability approximately 66 characters per line which sometimes results in fairly large margins. ref http kb.mit.edu confluence pages viewpage.action?pageId 3907057 How can I change the margins in LaTeX? Hermes . Kb.mit.edu 2010 12 15 . Retrieved .... ref References Reflist Typography terms Category Page layout typ stub ar da Margin eo Mar eno ... more details
of Typography last1 Felici first1 James year 2003 publisher Peachpit Press location Berkeley, CA ... nopp 1008 ref Gar06 cite web url http www.rotovision.com images 2880468221.pdf title What is Typography ... 0201782634 nopp 96 ref Wil03 refend Typography terms DEFAULTSORT River Typography Category Typography ... more details
, Opera 10 and Mozilla Firefox 3.5 . This has subsequently increased interest in Web typography, as well ... to increase. File formats main Comparison of layout engines Web Typography By using a specific ... typography and sifr 3 15 title Geek Meet Web Typography and sIFR 3 Slide 15 and 16 last Wubben first ... World Wide Web Consortium accessdate 2010 01 30 ref Scalable Vector Graphics Web typography applies ... http blogs.msdn.com b ie archive 2010 07 15 the css corner better web typography for better design.aspx title The CSS Corner Better Web Typography For Better Design date 2010 07 15 publisher Microsoft ... font descriptions Font Descriptions and font face http www.microsoft.com typography web embedding ..., Nov. 17, 2009 http www.alistapart.com articles on web typography On Web Typography Jason Santa ... Fonts Typography terms DEFAULTSORT Web Typography Category Digital typography Category Web design ... more details
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