Michael Voltz . A pogrom lang ru is a form of violent riot , a mob attack directed against ... pogrom 1881 , Kishinev pogrom 1903 , Kiev Pogrom 1905 , Bia ystok pogrom 1906 , Lw w pogrom 1918 , and Kiev Pogroms 1919 . The most infamous pogrom in Nazi Germany was the Kristallnacht of 1938 ..., the Ia i pogrom in Romania in which over 13,200 Jews were killed and the Jedwabne pogrom in Poland. Post World War II pogroms included the 1945 Tripoli pogrom , the 1946 Kielce pogrom , and the 1947 Aleppo pogrom . Attacks against non Jews that have been described as pogroms including the 1966 anti Igbo pogrom against Igbo people Igbos in southern Nigeria, and the 1988 Sumgait pogrom and Kirovabad pogrom , in which ethnic Armenians were targeted. Definition According to Encyclop dia Britannica ... Etymology The word pogrom came from the verb IPA ru r m it , to destroy, to wreak havoc ... Ukrainian language Ukrainian the word pogrom has a much wider application than in English language English ... occur during wartime. The word pogrom may have come into English language English from the Yiddish ... such as the Pogrom of 1096 in France and Germany the first Christian pogroms to be officially ... and in Granada in 1066. ref name Schweitzer267 268 In the 1066 Granada massacre , the first large pogrom ... Secretary Winston Churchill , who described the riot as a pogrom . ref name bbc In the Lw w pogrom 1918 , 72 Jews were killed and 443 injured by Polish troops, militia and civilians. ref ... and worst instances of anti Jewish violence was Lwow pogrom, which occurred in the last week ..., the Jews tried to maintain their neutrality between Poles and Ukrainians, and in reaction a pogrom ... of the Polish victory, some of the Polish soldiers and the civilian population started a pogrom ... books?id SHhosKV6yFwC&pg PA137 p. 137. The largest pogrom occurred in Lemberg. Polish soldiers ... than seventy Jews in a pogrom there, burning synagogues, destroying Jewish property, and leaving hundreds ... more details
Lviv Lw w pogrom can refer to Lw w pogrom 1918 Lviv pogroms in 1941 dab pl Pogrom lwowski Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Kiev pogrom may refer to Kiev Pogrom 1881 ref The Project Gutenberg EBook of History of the Jews in Russia and Poland. Volume II, by S.M. Dubnow . http 72.14.205.104 search?q cache mmnzf lAc88J www.gutenberg.org files 15729 15729.txt 22Kiev Pogrom 22 1881&hl en&ct clnk&cd 20 ref Kiev Pogrom 1905 Kiev Pogrom 1907 ref Max Grossman, The Pogroms. http 72.14.205.104 search?q cache r7oeNWPusZ0J grossmanproject.net pogroms.htm 22Kiev Pogrom 22&hl en&ct clnk&cd 44 ref Kiev Pogrom 1919 Kiev Pogrom 1941 ref David Irving , HITLER S WAR, Cold Harvest. http 72.14.205.104 search?q cache 8SHwprf 3bsJ www.fpp.co.uk books Hitler 1977 html chapter 19.html 22Kiev pogrom 22&hl en&ct clnk&cd 29 The actual origins of the Kiev pogrom of 1941 are obscure. The report of the security police suggests that the massacre was a reprisal impatiently demanded by the Ukrainians themselves, since it was the Russian Jews who were reported to have acted as NKVD agents and set fire to the city after the Germans moved in. Whatever the origin, on the last two days of September 33,771 Russian Jews were executed at Kiev. One month later the figure had risen to 75,000. ref Notes reflist 2 disambig ... more details
File Pogrom bialystok2.jpg thumb right 250px Jewish bystanders are attacked by an angry mob after someone ... 1906. File Pogrom bialystok.jpg thumb 250px Pogrom caricature by Henryk Nowodworski. Note the assailant wearing a Tsarist army hat with a cockade sideways. The Bia ystok pogrom occurred between 14 ... the pogrom between 81 and 88 people were killed, and about 80 people were wounded. The Bia ystok pogrom is often seen as one of the series of violent outbreaks against Jews between 1903 and 1908, including the Kishinev pogrom , the Odessa pogrom , and the Kiev Pogrom 1905 Kiev pogrom . ref Samuel ... of Bia ystok, Derkacz, was murdered, most likely on the orders ref P.Korzec, Pogrom Bia ostocki ... down the violence and had declared that a pogrom against the Jews would occur only over his dead body ... s death Russian soldiers began preparing for a pogrom. ref name Sohn David Sohn, The Pogrom Against ... signals for the beginning of the pogrom. Witnesses reported that simultaneously with the shots ... , Routledge, 1995, pg. 136, http books.google.com books?id bJBH5pxzSyMC&pg PA136&dq Bialystok pogrom PPA136,M1 ref After the pogrom, a peasant who was arrested for unrelated charges in the nearby ... procession in order to provoke the pogrom. ref Yaacov Ro i, Jews and Jewish life in Russia and the Soviet ... day of the pogrom was chaotic. While units of the Czarist army, brought to Bia ystok by Russian ... the main areas of the city to continue the pogrom. ref name Dubnow Simon Dubnow, Israel Friedlaender ...?id vL60sEf7OPoC&pg PA484&dq Bialystok pogrom ref Some Jewish sections of the city were protected by self ... http books.google.com books?id DSkendQVMbcC&pg PA16&dq Bialystok pogrom Hartglas ref They were in turn ... of Internal Affairs, instructed regional governors and mayors to suppress the pogrom. ref ..., 2004, pg. 149 http books.google.com books?id rNRqfGWR4pIC&pg PA149&dq Bialystok pogrom PPA149,M1 ... During the course of the pogrom 88 people were killed, including 82 Jews, although some sources ... more details
The Holocaust The Ia i pogrom or Jassy pogrom of June 27, 1941 was one of the most violent pogrom s in Jewish ... thumb right The Jews of Ia i being rounded up and arrested, during the pogrom Image RF Iasi 1941 2.jpg thumb left 195px The Jews of Ia i being rounded up and arrested, during the pogrom Image RF Iasi 1941 1.jpg thumb right 195px Bodies of Jews on Cuza Voda Street in Ia i, during the pogrom Image 3.jpg 195px thumb left The Jews of Ia i being rounded up and arrested, during the pogrom Image 1.JPG 195px thumb right Bodies of Jews in a street in Ia i, during the pogrom Image ... RF Iasi 1941 3.jpg thumb right 195px A series of photographs of Jews killed during the Iasi pogrom ... to cleanse Ia i of its Jewish population , though plans for the pogrom had been laid even earlier. Rumors ... had landed outside of Ia i, and that the Jews were working with them. In the week before the pogrom ... of sabotage, and assembled the soldiers and police who would spearhead the pogrom, where they were falsely told that Jews had attacked soldiers in the streets. Pogrom and death train According to a report commissioned by, and accepted by the Romanian government, the participation in the pogrom ... killed in the initial pogrom. The Romanian authorities also arrested more than 5,000 Jews, forcing ... died. Chapter 5, p. 25 The total number of victims of the Ia i Pogrom is unknown, but the figure is calculated ... pogrom. Taking advantage of her position, she asked and received permission to give food and water ... had to move to Bucharest . War crimes trials File Ia i Pogrom Monument 1.jpg thumb 200px left Victims of Ia i Pogrom Monument File Ia i Pogrom Monument 3.jpg thumb 200px right Detail view The Romanian ... of the pogrom, were called to the stand. ref http www1.yadvashem.org about yad what new data whats ... Wiesel Commission Legionnaires Rebellion and Bucharest Pogrom Gruber s Journey Further reading http ... for the Study of Holocaust in Romania coord missing Romania DEFAULTSORT Iasi Pogrom Category ... more details
depicts the April 1903 Kishinev massacre. The Kishinev pogrom was an anti Jewish riot that took place ... on April 6 7, 1903. First pogrom Image After Kishinyov pogrom.jpg thumb 220px Funeral of copies of the Sefer Torah which were damaged in the Chi in u pogrom The most popular newspaper in Kishinev ... s Russian Orthodox Bishop. The Chi in u pogrom started on April 19th April 6th O.S. after the Christian ... in support of the opinion that the pogrom was sponsored or, at least, tolerated by the state. The New York Times described the first Chi in u pogrom blockquote The anti Jewish riots in Kishinev ... 28, 1903, p 6. ref blockquote The Chi in u Pogrom captured the attention of the world community ... pogrom Image 1904 Russian Tsar Stop your cruel oppression of the Jews LOC hh0145s.jpg thumb 220px ... Stop your cruel oppression of the Jews. small A lithograph in relation to the first Kishinev pogrom. Library of Congress small A second pogrom took place on October 19 20, 1905. This time the riots ... leagues, organized after the first pogrom, stopped some of the violence, but were not wholly successful. This Pogrom was a part of a much larger movement of 600 pogroms that swept the Russian Empire ... two were sentenced for one or two years. This pogrom was instrumental in convincing tens of thousands ... of artists and writers addressed the pogrom. Russian authors such as Vladimir Korolenko wrote about the pogrom in http www.shsu.edu his ncp Kishinev.html House 13 , while Leo Tolstoy Tolstoy and Maxim ... impact on Jewish art and literature. Playwright Max Sparber took the Kishinev pogrom as the subject ... references References http www.kishinevpogrom.com index.html Kishinev Pogrom unofficial commemorative ... kishinev kishinev pogrom.html Resources about the pogrom http muse.jhu.edu login?uri journals modern judaism v024 24.3penkower.html Penkower, Monty Noam, 1942 The Kishinev Pogrom of 1903 A Turning ... pogromen es Pogromo de Kishinev fr Pogroms de Kichinev id Pogrom Kishinev he no Kishinev ... more details
no footnotes date November 2011 original research date November 2011 The Rintfleisch Pogrom was a pogrom against Jew s in the year 1298. It was set during the civil strife between King Adolf of Nassau Weilburg Adolf of Nassau and his rival Albert I of Germany Albert of Austria , when imperial authority, traditionally concerned with the protection of the Jews, had temporarily collapsed. The Jews of the Franconia n town of R ttingen were accused of having obtained and host desecration desecrated a consecrated host . One Lord Rintfleisch , whom the sources refer to either as an impoverished knight or a butcher the name Rintfleisch means beef in German language German , believed to have received a mandate from heaven to avenge the sacrilege and exterminate the Jews. He gathered a mob around him and burned at the stake burned the Jews of R ttingen on April 20. After this, he and his mob went from town to town and killed all Jews that fell under their control, destroying the Jewish communities at Rothenburg ob der Tauber , W rzburg , N rdlingen and Bamberg . In Nuremberg , the Jews sought refuge in the fortress and were assisted by the Christian citizens, but Rintfleisch overcame the defenders and butchered the Jews on 1 August. The N rnberger Memorbuch contains the names of numerous murdered Jews, among them Mordecai ben Hillel , a pupil of Jehiel ben Asher , with his wife and children. The communities at Regensburg and Augsburg alone escaped the mass killing, as they were protected by the cities magistrates. Spreading from Franconia to Bavaria and Austria , the persecutors destroyed 146 communities, about 5,000 Jews were killed. King Albert I, having overcome Adolf and assumed ... required to pay fines to the king. Rintfleisch Pogrom was not the term used at the time itself, Pogrom ... of Bavaria Category Antisemitism in Germany Category Conflicts in 1298 de Rintfleisch Pogrom fr Pogrom de Rintfleisch he ... more details
The Przytyk Pogrom occurred against the Jewish community in Przytyk , Radom County , Masovian Voivodeship , in east central Poland on March 9, 1936. ref name Gilbert cite book last Gilbert first Sir Martin authorlink Sir Martin Gilbert coauthors title The Holocaust A History of the Jews of Europe During the Second World War publisher Henry Holt and Company year 1986 location pages 51 url http books.google.com books?id DLzE1 yEjSIC&pg PA51&lpg PA51&dq przytyk pogrom&source bl&ots mjTfbwZe0P&sig aLa V zOOg7wBVQAvQY4a3PsaIY&hl en&ei qHLRSdqJF5m4sgOmz9jLAw&sa X&oi book result&resnum 6&ct result PPA51,M1 doi id isbn 978 0030624162 ref It was the most notorious incident of antisemitic violence in Poland in the interwar period, and attracted worldwide attention. ref name Melzer It was one of the series of pogroms that occurred in Poland during the years immediately before the outbreak of World War II . ref name Melzer Local peasants were stirred with antisemitic propaganda of endecja politicians. ref name vital A boycott of Jewish shops was organized, and escalated into a wave of violent attacks on Jewish shops. A Jewish self defense group was organized. Two days before the pogrom , some of the Jewish residents gathered in the town square in anticipation of the attack by the peasants, but nothing happened on that day. ref name Gilbert Two days later, however, on a market day, the peasants attacked the Jews the pogrom ended with two Jewish and one Polish casualties. ref name Gilbert ref name vital David Vital, A people apart the Jews in Europe, 1789 1939 , Oxford University Press, 1999 ... of the Hebrew Union College 19. Cincinnati Hebrew Union College Press, 1997. ref News of this pogrom ... by Mordechai Gebirtig in 1938 about this pogrom. ref cite web last first authorlink coauthors ... Przytyk Pogrom Category Anti Jewish pogroms Category Jewish Polish history Category 1936 in Poland ... pl Pogrom w Przytyku ... more details
About the 1946 pogrom the 1918 pogrom in Kielce Kielce pogrom 1918 Infobox civilian attack title Kielce pogrom image Kielce planty plaque.jpg caption Memorial plaque dedicated by Lech Wa sa in 1990 location ... until evening official cessation at 3 p.m. fatalities 38 to 42 injuries 40 to 50 The Kielce pogrom ... coordination by the authorities. As the deadliest pogrom against Polish Jews after World War ... Holocaust survivors from the country. ref name patterns The pogrom Background Image Kielce planty ... of the pogrom. About 20 Jews were brutally beaten to death by the workers, who were armed with steel ... unknown. ref name rzepa Cessation of violence The pogrom was eventually stopped at approximately 3 00 ... reportedly continued for several months after the pogrom. ref name rzepa The large scale disorder ... with the French Resistance , photographed the pogrom s immediate aftermath. ref name yadvashem ... government of Poland was to attempt to blame the pogrom on Polish nationalism nationalists , ref ... that the pogrom was a deed committed by the emissaries of the Polish government in the West and W adys aw ... involved in the pogrom from its inception, this has given rise to the idea that the pogrom was deliberately ... of the pogrom was resisted by the communist government until the era of Solidarity Polish trade union ... time many eyewitnesses had died. It was then discovered that many of the documents relating to the pogrom .... ref name kami2 For these reasons, debate about the origins of the pogrom has remained controversial ... accuse the Polish Catholic Church hierarchy of passivity during the pogrom and its aftermath. The fact ... challenged were arrested by MBP officers as perpetrators of the pogrom. The accused were tried by the Supreme ... reaction to the pogrom was described by Anita J. Prazmowska in Cold War History , Vol. 2, No. 2 blockquote Nine participants in the pogrom were sentenced to death three were given lengthy prison sentences ... from Poland The brutality of the Kielce pogrom put an end to the hopes of many Jews that they would ... more details
inline citations date October 2010 The Pogrom in Krnjeu a of August 9th and 10th of 1941 was an organized attack in the territory of the Catholic parish of Krnjeu a in northwestern Bosnia and Herzegovina , carried out by Chetniks against the local Croatian Catholics. The parish lied in today s Bosanski Petrovac municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was then part of the Independent State of Croatia . The parish itself was part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Banja Luka Diocese of Banja Luka . The Chetnik attackers, then part of the force known as the Yugoslav Army in the Fatherland were led by Mane Rokvi . In the course of the pogrom, the entire territory of the parish was set ablaze, which included 20 villages and settlements as well as the parish church and clergy s home. The parish was so thoroughly destroyed that it was never reestablished. The exact number of victims of the attack was never officially confirmed. The Chetnik forces threw the bodies of the dead into karstic pits or the Una Sava river Una , leaving few remaining traces. Two survivors of the attack later reached a preliminary number of approximately 240 dead. This estimate did not include victims from the Kulen Vakuf and Vrto areas. Also, the numbers do not include deceased Croatian Home Guard Home Guard members. The makeup of the survivors estimate was br 35 children under 7 years of age 14 children from 8 to 12 years of age 72 women 119 others Post war No one was ever held accountable for the crime in the post war era in what was then communist Yugoslavia . Survivors were later forbidden from returning to their former properties. Some returned to find that their homes had been claimed by others ... onda , Vlastita naklada, Zagreb, 2007., ISBN 953 95354 0 9 Josip Jurjevi Pogrom u Krnjeu i 9. i 10 ... in Bosnia and Herzegovina Category Serbian war crimes hr Pogrom u Krnjeu i 9. i 10. kolovoza 1941. sh Pogrom u Krnjeu i ... more details
The Kunmadaras pogrom was a post World War II anti Semitic pogrom in Kunmadaras , Hungary . The program resulted in the killing of two and wounding of fifteen Jews on May 22, 1946. The frenzy was instigated by the crowd s belief that the Jews had made sausage out of Christian children. See also Anti Jewish violence in Eastern Europe, 1944 1946 References http findarticles.com p articles mi m0411 is 2 50 ai 76026452 pg 9?tag artBody col1 Anti Semitism in post WW II Hungary http www3.sympatico.ca thidas Hungarian history MyFiles Cleveland.html John Carroll University, AHEA Conference, 9 11 April 1999 Further reading cite book title Holocaust in Hungary Sixty Years Later author Randolph L. Braham, Brewster S. Chamberlin publisher Rosenthal Institute for Holocaust Studies, Graduate Center of the City University of New York date 2004 isbn 0880335769 isbn13 9780880335768 pages 167, 189 Category Anti Jewish pogroms Category Blood libel Category Antisemitism in Hungary Category Jewish Hungarian history Category Massacres in Hungary Hungary hist stub Jewish hist stub he 1946 ... more details
Topo any pogrom was an anti Jewish riot pogrom in Topo any , Czechoslovakia on 24 September 1945 during which 48 people were injured. Details There were about 3,200 Jews living in Topo any before World War II , of which 550 survived the Holocaust and returned to the town after the war ended. Anti semitism was widespread at that time due to both Slovak state official policy and also the strong economic position of Jews, which contrasted with a lack of basic commodities among the majority population. br br According to the protocol of county police boss Zidor, rumors began to spread in the town two days before the pogrom that Jews are about to overtake a local church school. The school was run by Catholic nuns at that time. Also, there were rumors that Jews had already created a separate classroom for Jewish children, in which they desecrated a crucifix. Further, according to rumors, the Jews were said to had overtaken a school in the nearby village of Bojn , run by Catholic monks. Local women wanted to protest against the rumored actions, but local authorities refused them. A pack of people, mostly women, then entered the school. Coincidentally, a Jewish doctor was at the time vaccinating children against smallpox in one of the school s classrooms. Some of the vaccinated children cried, which gave base for a new rumor to spread among the angry crowd a Jewish doctor poisons Slovak children People then attacked and beat the doctor. As new rumors spread to the streets, many more Jews were beaten both in the streets and in their homes. Jewish property was plundered in the process. References http www.spectator.sk articles view 21591 1 Town apologizes to Jewish community http www.virtually.cz art.php?art 9272 Proti idovsk pogrom na Slovensku v l t 1945 Further reading cite book title European Jewry Ten Years After the War An Account of the Development and Present Status of the Decimated Jewish Communities of Europe author Nehemiah Robinson publisher Institute of Jewish ... more details
for the pogrom of 1494 1495 Jewish Kazimierz Infobox civilian attack title Krak w pogrom image caption ... Civilians The Krak w pogrom refers to the events that occurred on August 11, 1945, in the city of Krak w ... name Cichopek223 Anna Cichopek, The Cracow pogrom of August 1945, p. 223. ref ref name Dylewski Adam ... pogrom of August 1945 p. 224. ref A mob shouting anti Jewish slogans gathered at Kleparski square ... Some Jews wounded during the pogrom were hospitalized and later were beaten in the hospitals again. One of the pogrom victims witnessed blockquote I was carried to the second precinct of the militia ... the pogrom some Poles, mistaken for Jews, were also attacked. ref name Cichopek ZIH Anna Cichopek, Pogrom .... ref name Cichopek233 Anna Cichopek, The Cracow pogrom of August 1945, p. 233. ref The riots were ... actively participated in these events ref name Cichopek230 Anna Cichopek, The Cracow pogrom ..., and violence against Jews, twelve were officers ref name Cichopek230 Anna Cichopek, The Cracow pogrom ... Lincz Lenczowskiemu za naukow opiek , liczne wskaz wki... Anna Cichopek, Pogrom yd w w ... D. Zimmerman pages 221 238 chapter The Cracow pogrom of August 1945 chapterurl publisher Rutgers ..., therefore it is questionable whether this event truly falls under the definition of a pogrom , ref ... PA111&lpg PA111&dq soldiers and militiamen cracow pogrom oclc 43840165 isbn 0691009538 ref ref name ... pogrom 1945 oclc 76749833 isbn 3829710968 language German ref ref name Lipinski cite book author ... have been concluded that the Krak w pogrom resulted in one dead and five wounded victims. ref pl ... , in Biuletyn ydowskiego Instytutu Historycznego , nr 1 2000 str. 77 89. pl icon Anna Cichopek, Pogrom ... 2003 . The Cracow pogrom of August 1945, in Joshua D. Zimmerman Contested Memories Poles and Jews ..., Recension of Anna Cichopek s book Pogrom yd w w Krakowie , in Pami i Sprawiedliwo , nr ... of Poland 1945 1989 Category History of Krak w de Pogrom von Krakau fr Pogrom de Cracovie de 1945 ... more details
The M awa pogrom ref cite book last1 Emigh first1 Rebecca Jean last2 Szel nyi first2 Iv n title Poverty, ethnicity, and gender in Eastern Europe during the market transition url http books.google.ie books?id O tXHTK2kQUC&pg PA101&dq 22were a few pogroms and attacks against Roma in Poland 22&hl en&ei 0AA Tf 3J4OYhQfK1pGeCg&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 1&ved 0CCQQ6AEwAA v onepage&q 22were 20a 20few 20pogroms 20and 20attacks 20against 20Roma 20in 20Poland 22&f false accessdate 2011 01 24 year 2001 publisher Greenwood Publishing Group isbn 9780275968816 pages 101 102 ref was a series of violent incidents in June 1991 when a riot rioting mob attacked Romani people Roma residents of the Polish town of M awa causing hundreds to flee in terror. The violence, described as motivated by racism and jealousy, received editorial condemnation from international media. ref cite news url http www.nytimes.com 1991 07 25 world poles vent their economic rage on gypsies.html?src pm title Poles Vent Their Economic Rage on Gypsies date July 25, 1991 work The New York Times accessdate 26 January 2011 ref ref cite news url http select.nytimes.com gst abstract.html?res F20610FD3C5D0C7A8EDDAE0894D9494D81 title Hooligans and the Neighbors Cow date July 29, 1991 work New York Times accessdate 26 January 2011 ref Prelude On 23 June 1991, seventeen year old Roman Packowski hit and seriously injured two ... at the local police station. The pogrom lasted five days. A total of 17 Roma houses were destroyed and further ... date 7 July 2004 publisher European Roma Rights Centre pages The pogrom in Mlawa, Poland no media ... of political parties and academic institutions belatedly condemned the pogrom. ref http books.google.ie ... PA109&dq 22In 1991 a pogrom at Mlawa 22&hl en&ei CqFATeP6IIKyhAfk19ynBQ&sa X&oi book result&ct ... Mlawa Pogrom Category 1991 in Europe Category Pogroms Category Romani history Category History of Poland 1989 present Category Conflicts in 1991 Category Roma related controversies Poland stub pl Pogrom ... more details
The Kirovabad pogrom ref Stuart J. Kaufman, Modern Hatreds The Symbolic Politics of Ethnic War , Cornell University Press , 2001, http books.google.com.tr books?id 2Plw98pTk5wC&pg PA77&dq 22Kirovabad pogrom 22&hl tr&ei WeIRTYSRNY30ceOrnZsK&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 4&ved 0CDEQ6AEwAw v onepage&q 22Kirovabad 20pogrom 22&f false p. 77. ref or the pogrom of Kirovabad ref Touraj Atabaki , Sanjyot Mehendale, Central Asia and the Caucasus Transnationalism and Diaspora , Routledge , 2005, http books.google.com.tr books?id zwKBZmpBo5YC&pg PA85&dq 22pogroms of Kirovabad 22&hl tr&ei OuMRTerAB9O3ccbDzLMK&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 1&ved 0CCUQ6AEwAA v onepage&q 22pogroms 20of 20Kirovabad 22&f false p. 85. ref ref Stephan H. Astourian, From Ter Petrosian to Kocharian Leadership Change in Armenia , Berkeley Program in Soviet and Post Soviet Studies, University of California , Berkeley, 2000, http books.google.com.tr books?id rI1pAAAAMAAJ&q 22pogroms of Kirovabad 22&dq 22pogroms of Kirovabad 22&hl tr&ei OuMRTerAB9O3ccbDzLMK&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 2&ved 0CCsQ6AEwAQ p. 22. ref was an Azerbaijani people Azeri led pogrom that targeted Armenians living in the city of Kirovabad today called Ganja in Azerbaijan SSR Soviet Azerbaijan during November 1988. ref Ethnic Fears and Ethnic War in Karabagh Article Scholar SJ Kaufman ref ref Armenia in Crisis The 1988 Earthquake By Verluise ref ref cite book title Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia pages Page 131 author Imogen Gladman publisher Taylor & Francis Group year 2004 isbn 1857433165 ref An unidentified Armenian press editor said the commander of the Soviet troops asked the Interior Ministry in Moscow for permission ... the pogrom were to no avail. ref Modern Hatreds The Symbolic Politics of Ethnic War By Stuart J ... Press, 1994, pp. 111 140. ref On November 23, an attempt of pogrom against the building of the city ... Category Anti Armenian pogroms es Pogromo de Kirovabad fa simple Kirovabad pogrom ... more details
Siedlce pogrom refers to the events of September 8 10 or 11, 1906 in Siedlce , Congress Poland Congress Kingdom of Poland . It was part of Anti Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire a wave of pogroms in Russia and controlled territories like the Kingdom of Poland , in the larger context of the Revolution in the Kingdom of Poland 1905 1907 widespread unrest . The pogrom in Siedlce was organized by the Russian secret police Okhrana . There were 26 fatalities among the Jewish populations. Background Siedlce had a significant Jewish population estimated at 10,000 ref name Mendes FlohrReinharz1995 cite book author1 Paul R. Mendes Flohr author2 Jehuda Reinharz title The Jew in the modern world a documentary history url http books.google.com books?id LmZ9AAAAMAAJ accessdate 31 December 2011 year 1995 publisher Oxford University Press isbn 978 0 19 507453 6 page 565 ref to 64 out of 24,000 total so about 15,000 ref name Poland 1997 . In the larger context of the Revolution in the Kingdom of Poland 1905 1907 widespread unrest it was the site of socialist and Polish patriotic agitation and demonstrations ... bureacracy had prepared and supported anti Jewish violence. ref name Hughes2010 Pogrom The pogrom ... 334 ref Despite their leading role in the pogrom, some soldiers and policeman were recognized ... ranking Russian officials who was involved in organizing the Siedlce pogrom, colonel Obruczew, in December ... Wednesday, took no other significant action in response to the Siedlce pogrom, was, in the words of one ... pogrom was the organization of Jewish self defense groups in many cities and towns, ref name Mendes FlohrReinharz1995 although according to other sources, those groups existed before that pogrom, even in Siedlce. ref name polin The pogrom has been widely condemned in the public opinion in Poland ... the Russian government from organizing more pogroms in Poland, as the Siedlce and Bia ystok pogrom .... ref name szetl In fact, this pogrom was one of the last, if not the last, of significant pogroms ... more details
Miskolc pogrom killing of two and wounding one Jew in Miskolc , July 30 and August 1, 1946. The riots started as demonstrations against economic hardships and later became anti Semitic. Lieutenant General Laszlo Piros ref cite book title Shame & Glory of the Intellectuals author Peter Viereck pages 99 publisher Transaction Publishers date 2006 isbn 1412806097 isbn13 9781412806091 ref participated in the riots. References references cite journal title Antisemitism in Post World War II Hungary &mdash violence, riots Communist Party policy journal Judaism date Spring, 2001 author Peter Kenez publisher American Jewish Congress url http findarticles.com p articles mi m0411 is 2 50 ai 76026452 pg 10?tag artBody col1 Further reading cite book title European Jewry Ten Years After the War An Account of the Development and Present Status of the Decimated Jewish Communities of Europe author Nehemiah Robinson publisher Institute of Jewish Affairs of the World Jewish Congress date 1956 pages 167 location New York coord missing Hungary Category Anti Jewish pogroms Category Antisemitism in Hungary Category Jewish Hungarian history Category Miskolc Category Massacres in Hungary Hungary hist stub Jewish hist stub ... more details
The Holocaust The W sosz pogrom was the mass murder of History of the Jews in Poland Jewish residents of W sosz, Podlaskie Voivodeship W sosz in Nazi German Occupation of Poland 1939 1945 occupied Poland that took place on July 7, 1941, during World War II . Circumstances surrounding the pogrom When Nazi Germany invaded Poland in 1939, the village of W sosz, Podlaskie Voivodeship W sosz Podlaskie Voivodeship was taken by the Germans in the second week of the war. At the end of September, in accordance with the German Soviet Boundary and Friendship Treaty German Soviet Boundary Treaty , the area was transferred by the Nazis to the Soviet Union . The Soviet Union Soviet invasion of Poland invaded Poland from the East two weeks earlier, on September 17, 1939, pursuant to the secret protocol of the Molotov Ribbentrop Pact . The Red Army overran 52.1 of territory of Poland with over 13,700,000 inhabitants. The Soviet occupation zone included 5,1 million ethnic Poles ca. 38 , 37 Ukrainians, 14,5 Belarusians, 8,4 Jews, 0,9 Russians and 0,6 Germans. There were also 336,000 refugees who escaped to Kresy eastern Poland from areas already occupied by Germany most of them Polish Jews numbering at around 198,000. ref name Trela Mazur pl icon cite book author El bieta Trela Mazur coauthors title Sowietyzacja o wiaty w Ma opolsce Wschodniej pod radzieck okupacj 1939 1941 Sovietization of education ... The only account of what might have happened during the pogrom belongs to a document written by 22 ... to house pogrom began. ref name WZKH ref name MF The actual description of the pogrom remains ... town of Radzi w , but the next day pogrom broke out there as well. According to the deposition ... circumstances, remains unknown. The pages from Finkielsztejn s paper describing the actual pogrom ... References reflist 2 See also Jedwabne pogrom Tykocin pogrom coord missing Poland DEFAULTSORT Wasosz Pogrom Category History of Poland 1939 1945 Category Holocaust anti Jewish pogroms Category Anti Jewish ... more details
The Kaunas pogrom was a massacre of Jewish people living in Kaunas , Lithuania that took place in from June 25 to June 29, 1941 the first days of the Operation Barbarossa and of Nazi occupation of Lithuania. The most infamous incident occurred in the Liet kis garrage, where several Jews were publicly tortured and executed on June 26. After June, systematic executions took place at various forts of the Kaunas Fortress , especially the Seventh Fort Seventh and Ninth Fort s. ref lt icon cite book editor Arvydas Anu auskas, et al. title Lietuva, 1940 1990 year 2005 publisher Lietuvos gyventoj genocido ir rezistencijos tyrimo centras location Vilnius isbn 9986 757 65 7 pages 203 ref Background The Lithuanian Activist Front LAF , a faction operating out of the Lithuanian embassy in Berlin and inside Soviet Lithuania, took control of the city ref name Gitelman http books.google.com books?vid ISBN0253333598&id USW9 xQ85FwC&pg PA97&lpg PA97&dq klimaitis&sig oa1kVS3fIRHYbqneBGSsK NICzk Zvi Gitelman ed. Bitter Legacy Confronting the Holocaust in the USSR , ISBN 0253333598. Indiana University Press, 1998, p. 97. ref and much of the Lithuanian countryside on the evening of June 23. Nazi SS Brigadef hrer Franz Walter Stahlecker arrived in Kaunas on the morning of June 25 and held agitation speeches in the city to instigate the murder of Jews, initially in the former State Security Department building, but officials there refused to take any action. He later succeeded in convincing Algirdas Klimaitis to start the pogrom . ref cite web url http www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org jsource Holocaust Einsatz Baltic.html title Extracts from a Report by Einsatzgruppe a in the Baltic Countries accessdate 2008 08 06 last first coauthors date work publisher jewishvirtuallibrary ref Klimaitis controlled ... pogrom on June 25 26, in the Kaunas suburb of Slobodka Vilijampole , 600 Jews were killed on Arbarski ... in Lithuania Category Lithuanian collaboration with Nazi Germany cs Kaunask pogrom pl Pogrom w Kownie ... more details
of protecting the Jews and attempted to calm the people and prevent an uncontrolled pogrom. Tactical ... preservation and holding on to power. A pogrom could easily escalate and turn into an uncontrollable ... in Stra burg 1349 fr Pogrom de Strasbourg nl Straatsburgse pogrom ... more details
name Ancel Preparations for the pogrom On 30 June 1940, soldiers from the two brigades stationed in the area ... Ancel The pogrom In an incident between Romanian and Soviet military men in Hertsa Her a , neighboring ... The pogrom was stopped by order of General Constantin S n tescu , who discovered the events by accident ... name Ancel The cover up On 2 July, the day after the pogrom, the Romanian military s Chief of Staff ... more details
The Jedwabne pogrom pronounced IPAc pl j e d w a b n e of July 1941 during Occupation of Poland 1939 1945 German occupation of Poland , was a List of events named massacres massacre pogrom of at least ... name M S ref name P M Pogrom File 1941 atrocity in Jedwabne map .jpg thumb upright 1.5 World War II ... German investigation of 1960 1965 File Jedwabne Z pomnik.jpg thumb right Pogrom memorial in Jedwabne ... three days later suggesting their specific involvement in that pogrom also. blockquote The evidence ... S siedzi Neighbors , a Polish language account of the Jedwabne pogrom. ref name ydowskiego In 2001 ... of the Jews. It was within their power also to stop the murderous pogrom at any time.... Nevertheless ... of many of the events he described, since he had spent the day of the pogrom in a hiding place near Jedwabne. ref name Bogdan Musial pp. 304 343 Bogdan Musial, The Pogrom in Jedwabne .... Some readers refused to accept it as a factual account of the Jedwabne pogrom. ref name Pogonowski ... to Neighbors, the Polish Parliament ordered an investigation of the Jedwabne pogrom, the IPN investigation which is described below. From May 2000 onwards, the Jedwabne pogrom became a frequent ... 130 articles in Polish on the Jedwabne pogrom. ref Rzeczpospolita list of articles on Jedwabne, http ... articles on Jedwabne pogrom, Thou shalt not kill Poles on Jedwabne available in English. ref Thou Shalt ... of the Jedwabne pogrom, as its first project. ref name ipn.gov.pl195 ref name guardian3 A major ... name ipn.gov.pl195 One third of IPN s witnesses had been eyewitnesses of some part of the 1941 pogrom ... In July 2001, on the 60th anniversary of the pogrom, Polish president Aleksander Kwa niewski attended ... religious leaders and survivors of the pogrom. Most of the locals of Jedwabne boycotted the ceremony ... were killed in the pogrom, in two groups of which the first contained 40 to 50 people, and the second ..., and they did not participate in the pogrom. A number of witnesses had testified that the Germans ... more details
The Holocaust The Tykocin massacre pogrom , ref http www.israelimages.com see image details.php?idi 16993 Israel s Picture Library LTD 1991 2009 ref of August 25, 1941, was the mass murder of History of the Jews in Poland Jewish residents of Tykocin in Occupation of Poland 1939 1945 occupied Poland during World War II World War II , soon after Nazi Germany Nazi German Operation Barbarossa attack on the Soviet Union . Circumstances surrounding the massacre The town of Tykocin was conquered by Nazi Germany during Soviet invasion of Poland the Soviet and German invasion of Poland pursuant to their secret agreement known as the Molotov Ribbentrop Pact . At the end of September 1939, the area was transferred by the Nazis to the Soviet Union in accordance with the German Soviet Boundary and Friendship Treaty German Soviet Boundary Treaty . ref name MT Menachem Turek, http www.kirkuty.xip.pl tykocinzeznania.htm ycie i zag ada yd w w Tykocinie podczas niemieckiej okupacji Archiwum ydowskiego Instytutu Historycznego. Translated by Sylwia Szyma ska ref In their attack, the Red Army overrun 52.1 of territory of Second Polish Republic interwar Poland with over 13,700,000 inhabitants. The Soviet occupation zone included also 336,000 new refugees who escaped from Polish lands invaded by Germany, most of them Polish Jews numbering at around 198,000. ref name Trela Mazur pl icon cite book author El bieta Trela Mazur coauthors title Sowietyzacja o wiaty w Ma opolsce Wschodniej pod radzieck okupacj 1939 1941 Sovietization of education in eastern Lesser Poland during the Soviet occupation 1939 1941 year 1997 editor W odzimierz Bonusiak, Stanis aw Jan Ciesielski, Zygmunt Ma kowski, Miko aj Iwanow pages 294 chapter chapterurl publisher Wy sza Szko a Pedagogiczna im. Jana Kochanowskiego ... the same time, including Radzi w , Jedwabne pogrom Jedwabne , om a Modern history om a , Rutki, Warmian ... Archive . ref See also Jedwabne pogrom W sosz pogrom References reflist 2 coord 53 12 11 N 22 46 ... more details
Use mdy dates date November 2011 Infobox civilian attack title Sumgait Pogrom image Sumgaitrioting.jpg image size 290px caption Images captured from a videotape show burnt automobiles and the massive throngs of rioters on the streets of Sumgait . map Azerbaijan map size map alt map caption location Sumgait , Azerbaijan SSR target Local Armenians Armenian population coordinates date February 26 March 1, 1988 timezone type fatalities Official statistics 32 26 Armenians and 6 Azerbaijanis injuries Unknown victim perps perp susperps susperp weapons numparts numpart dfens dfen footage Campaignbox Nagorno Karabakh War The Sumgait pogrom also known as the Sumgait Massacre or February Events was a pogrom that targeted the Armenians Armenian population of the seaside town of Sumqayit Sumgait in Azerbaijan SSR Soviet Azerbaijan during February 1988. On February 27, 1988, mobs made up largely of ethnic Azeris formed into groups that went on to attack and kill Armenians both on the streets and in their apartments ... heavy coverage in the Western media. The pogrom took place during the early stages of the Nagorno ... prisons in Sumgait to initiate the pogrom. ref name Cornell Cornell, Svante E. http www.silkroadstudies.org ... report wired on March 5, it more fully elaborated on the pogrom Criminal elements committed ... authorities. It was not until April 28, 1988 when images of the pogrom were broadcast in a 90 ... complained that the true instigators of the pogrom were never caught whereas Azerbaijanis stated ... for the heroes of Sumgait. ref Kaufman. Modern Hatreds , pp. 67, 205. ref Conspiracy theories The pogrom ... Alexander Nikolaevich Yakovlev , the Sumgait pogrom was arranged by KGB agents provocateur to justify ... Sumgaitsk pogrom de Pogrom in Sumqay t 1988 es Pogromo de Sumgait eo Pogromo de Sumgait fa fr Pogrom de Soumga t hy pt Pogrom de Sumgait ru simple Sumgait pogrom sv Sumgaitmassakern tr Sumgay t Pogromu ... more details
File Ruins of the Armenian part of the city of Shusha after the March 1920 pogrom by Azerbaijani armed units. In the center church of the Holy Savior.jpg thumb right Ruins of the Armenian half of Shusha after the city s destruction by Azerbaijani army in March 1920. In the center defaced Armenian Ghazanchetsots Cathedral cathedral of the Holy Savior . 350px The Shusha pogrom of 1920 or the Massacre of Shusha ref British administrator of Karabakh colonel Shuttleworth didn t impede the discrimination of Armenians by Tatar ian administration of governor Saltanov. The national clashes ended by the terrible massacres in which the most of Armenians in Shusha town perished. The Parliament in Baku refused even condemn the accomplishers of the massacres in Shusha and the war was started in Karabakh ... in San Remo ... br In March, 1920 a terrible pogrom took place in Shushi, organized by Azerbaijanis ... enjeu caucasien Page 69 by G rard J. Libaridian ref was a pogrom directed against the ethnic Armenian ... part of Shusha after 1920 pogrom 2.jpg thumb left Ruins of Armenian part of Shusha after the 1920 pogrom. On the background Armenian church of the Holy Mother of God Kanach Zham . According to the latest .... ISBN 0 8179 9182 4, 9780817991821, p. 103 ref The Pogrom According to Richard Hovannisian , Azerbajani .... ... At an order of ... Khosrov bek Sultanov, pogrom s proceeded for more than six days, houses ... Terrible pogrom s took place in Shusha in 1920 shortly after the Russians left the city because ... in Shusha on the site of the planned monument to the victims of the pogrom. The Nagorno Karabakh Republic ... In addition to the name Shusha massacres , the Shusha pogrom is sometimes referred to by Armenian ... Shusha Pogrom Category Armenian history Category History of Nagorno Karabakh Category Nagorno Karabakh ... in 1920 de Schuscha Pogrom es Pogromo de Shusha fa fr Massacres de Chouchi hy pt Pogrom de Shusha ru simple Shushi Massacres ... more details
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