Drugbox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 448927450 image drug name Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine Vacine data type vaccine target Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine type conjugate Clinical data tradename Drugs.com drugs.com CONS pneumococcalconjugatevaccine MedlinePlus a607021 pregnancy AU A B1 ... correct drugbank DrugBank Chemical data Pneumococcalconjugatevaccine PCV is a vaccine ... url http www.wyeth.com content ShowLabeling.asp?id 134 title Pneumococcal 7 valent ConjugateVaccine ... of seven valent pneumococcalconjugatevaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease a matched case ... MA, et al. title Indirect effect of 7 valent pneumococcalconjugatevaccine on pneumococcal colonization ... conjugatevaccine in 2000, several studies described a decrease in invasive pneumococcal ... meningitis after the introduction of pneumococcalconjugatevaccine in the United States journal ... conjugatevaccine since the adult pneumococcal 23 valent polysaccharide vaccine is also available ... in Metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia, after introduction of a 7 valent pneumococcalconjugatevaccine ... and Immunization GAVI countries expressed interest in introducing pneumococcalconjugatevaccine ... research a commentary with a case study of pneumococcalconjugate vaccination journal Vaccine volume ... that children vaccinated with 7 valent PCV pneumococcalconjugatevaccine showed an increased ... recommendations for the prevention of pneumococcal infections, including the use of pneumococcalconjugatevaccine Prevnar , pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, and antibiotic prophylaxis journal Pediatrics ... to mount an adequate response to the 23 valent adult vaccine, and so the 7 valent Pneumococcal Conjugated ... 2168854 pagenum all Since approval, Prevnar s vaccine efficacy efficacy in preventing invasive pneumococcal ... disease after the introduction of protein polysaccharide conjugatevaccine journal The New England ... conjugatevaccine journal JAMA the journal of the American Medical Association volume 295 issue ... more details
A pneumococcalvaccine is a vaccine against Streptococcus pneumoniae . ref MeshName Pneumococcal Vaccines ref Types include Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccinePneumococcalconjugatevaccine Vaccination in the USA In the USA, a heptavalent pneumococcalconjugatevaccine PCV 7 e.g. Prevenar ref E.M.E.A. ... months of age. In February 2010, a pneumococcal congugate vaccine which protects against an additional ... introduce vaccination with the conjugatevaccine in children aged 2, 4 and 13 months. ref name BBCVac http news.bbc.co.uk 1 hi health 4692908.stm Children to be given new vaccine BBC News , February ... PressReleases PressReleasesNotices fs en?CONTENT ID 4128036&chk PI8e57 Pneumococcalvaccine added ..., the European Medicines Agency approved the use of a 10 valent pneumcoccal conjugatevaccine for use in Europe. ref Synflorix, GlaxoSmithKline s pneumococcalvaccine receives European authorisation ... efficacious vaccine for developing world populations. In a previous study, the most common pneumococcal ... site pneumococcal isolates from children implications for vaccine strategies journal Pediatr Infect ... rather than by injection. ref cite journal title Mucosal delivery of a Pneumococcalvaccine using Lactococcus ... 10.1128 CVI.00374 06 pmc 1865609 ref Additional pneumococcalvaccine research is taking place to find a vaccine that offers broad protection against pneumococcal disease. ref World Health Organization ... ref Similar 9 , and 10 valent vaccines have been tested. Protection is good against deep pneumococcal ... that is not contained in the vaccine, he she is not afforded any protection. This limitation, and the ability of capsular polysaccharide conjugate vaccines to promote the spread of non covered serotypes, has led to research into vaccines that would provide species wide protection. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine Pneumovax is one brand gives at least 85 protection in those under 55 ..., including those 65 years or older generally the vaccine should be a single lifetime dose, as there is a high ... more details
A conjugatevaccine is created by covalently attaching a poor polysaccharide organism antigen to a carrier protein preferably from the same microorganism , thereby conferring the immunological attributes of the carrier on the attached antigen. This technique for the creation of an effective immunogen is most often applied to bacterial polysaccharide polysaccharides for the prevention of invasive bacterial disease. The immune response further immune system for a general discussion. This article describes aspects needed to understand conjugate vaccines. During immune recognition of foreign molecules, the external environment is sampled by naive B cells and dendritic cells which have surface receptors that internalize proteins leading to proteolytic digestion. Some of the resulting peptide fragments T cell epitopes are reexpressed on the cell surface in association with MHC Class II MHC II molecules . This loaded MHC II may be recognized by complementary T cell s that are then stimulated to release cytokine s. The cytokines stimulate the pre B cell to do a number of different things. The cell will mature to an antibody secreting B cell, replicate itself to an enormous extent, follow a maturation pathway that results in improvement of the antibody structure and production of long lived memory B cells. Maturation is responsible for two hallmarks of the immune response the production of high affinity antibodies and the creation of memory of prior exposure anamnestic response . Because the immune response is aided by T cells, proteins are T dependent antigens . Fact date February 2007 If the foreign molecule is not a protein, then proteolyic digestion can not occur and the T dependent pathway described above does not operate. An antigen specific antibody response can still occur ... References reflist See also Haemophilus influenzae Haemophilus influenzae type b Hib Hib vaccine Meningococcal vaccinePneumococcal polysaccharide vaccinePneumococcal vaccines Immunogenicity B cell ... more details
and safety of pneumococcal 7 valent conjugatevaccine diphtheria CRM 197 protein conjugate Prevenar in Korean infants differences that are found in Asian children journal Vaccine year 2007 ...Drugbox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 447994152 image Vacine data type vaccine target 23 serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine type polysaccharide Clinical data tradename Drugs.com drugs.com MTM pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine MedlinePlus a607021 pregnancy AU A B1 B2 B3 C D X pregnancy ... Ref drugbankcite correct drugbank DrugBank Chemical data Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine PPSV the latest version is known as Pneumovax 23 PPV 23 is the first pneumococcalvaccine , the first vaccine derived from a capsular polysaccharide, and an important landmark in medical history. The polysaccharide ..., and killing of pneumococci by phagocytic cells. The pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine ... valent formulation PPSV23 . A significant breakthrough impacting the burden of pneumococcal disease was the licensing of a protein conjugate heptavalent vaccine PCV7 beginning in February 2000. ref ... downloads vis ppv.pdf Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine What You Need to Know . US Centers for Disease ... The 23 valent vaccine e.g., Pneumovax 23 is effective against 23 different pneumococcal capsular ... valent adult vaccine, and instead a 13 valent Pneumococcal Conjugated Vaccine PCV e.g. Prevnar ... Pneumococcal Disease &ndash information on the disease and the Prevnar vaccine, from the Victoria ... A.C. coauthors Gregson, Dan B. Gill, M. John title The persisting burden of invasive pneumococcal disease ..., morbidity, and mortality from pneumococcal pneumoniae and invasive pneumococcal disease. First used in 1945, the tetravalent vaccine was not widely distributed, since its deployment coincided with the discovery ... WG title PREVENTION OF PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA BY IMMUNIZATION WITH SPECIFIC CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDES ... PPSV. ref cite journal author Austrian R, Douglas RM, Schiffman G, et al. title Prevention of pneumococcal ... more details
aided the killing of S. pneumoniae . In 1936, a pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine was used to abort an epidemic of pneumococcal pneumonia. In the 1940s, experiments on capsular transformation ... 367541 pmid 12567294 issue 4 ref Prevention Main Pneumococcalvaccine Vaccines against Streptococcus ... 2nd World Pneumonia Day Website http www.preventpneumo.org PneumococcalVaccine Accelerated Development ...Infobox Disease Name Pneumococcal infection Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D011008 Pneumococcal infection refers to an infection caused by Streptococcus ..., that help it evade a host s immune system. It has pneumococcal surface proteins that inhibit complement ... and mediates its attachment to respiratory mucosa. The risk of pneumococcal infection is much ... system is compromised, such as those living with HIV , are also at higher risk of pneumococcal disease .... Gill, M. John title The persisting burden of invasive pneumococcal disease in HIV patients an observational ... coauthors Gregson, Dan B. Gill, M. John title The persisting burden of invasive pneumococcal disease ... 2334 11 314 ref There is an association between pneumococcal pneumonia and influenza . ref cite journal ... Pneumococcal Pneumonia during a Non pandemic Period in the United States journal Clin Infect Dis ... of the airways respiratory epithelium caused by influenza may facilitate pneumococcal entry and infection ... title The persisting burden of invasive pneumococcal disease in HIV patients an observational cohort ..., Wartha F, von Euler A, Covacci A, Holden D, Normark S, Rappuoli R, Henriques Normark B title A pneumococcal ... ref Choline binding protein A Pneumococcal surface protein A CbpA PspA an adhesin that can interact ... pneumococci. blood plasma Serum from immunized rabbits or from humans who had recovered from pneumococcal ... to provide reasonable protection by immunizing with less than 90 serovars the current vaccine contains ... laboratory diagnosis of invasive pneumococcal disease journal Clin. Infect. Dis. volume 46 issue ... more details
, Pneumococcalconjugatevaccine and MMRV vaccine , which provide protection against multiple diseases ... virus. Subunit vaccine is being used for plague immunization. ConjugateConjugatevaccineConjugate ...Other uses A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine ... cancer are also being investigated see cancer vaccine . The term vaccine derives from Edward ... response to a given vaccine is not as strong. ref cite web url http www.npr.org templates story story.php?storyId 123406640 title Adapting Vaccines For Our Aging Immune Systems ref The vaccine efficacy efficacy or performance of the vaccine is dependent on a number of factors the disease itself for some diseases vaccination performs better than for other diseases the strain of vaccine some vaccinations ... surveillance for the relevant disease following introduction of a new vaccine and maintaining high ... thumbnail 300px Avian influenza Avian flu vaccine development by reverse genetics techniques .... Examples are the influenza vaccine , cholera vaccine , bubonic plague vaccine , polio vaccine , hepatitis A vaccine , and rabies vaccine . Attenuated Some vaccines contain live, attenuated vaccine attenuated microorganisms. Many of these are live viruses that have been cultivated under ... . The live Mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccine developed by Calmette and Gu rin is not made of a Infectious ... Gu rin BCG used to elicit an immune response to the vaccine. The live attenuated vaccine containing ... micro organism to an immune system which would constitute a whole agent vaccine , a fragment of it can create an immune response. Examples include the subunit vaccine against Hepatitis B virus ... genes into yeast , the virus like particle VLP vaccine against human papillomavirus HPV that is composed ... as if it were a protein antigen. This approach is used in the Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine ... type of vaccine called DNA vaccination , created from an infectious agent s DNA, has been developed ... more details
In chemistry , a Lewis conjugate might mean The conjugate base of a Lewis acid or the conjugate acid of a Lewis base A molecule having a conjugated system of bonds in its Lewis structure Disambig ... more details
Image Isogonal Conjugate.svg 200px right thumb Isogonal coniugate of P . Image Isogonal Conjugate transform.svg 200px right thumb Isogonal coniugate transformation over the points inside the triangle. In geometry , the isogonal conjugate of a point geometry point P with respect to a triangle ABC is constructed by reflection mathematics reflecting the lines PA , PB , and PC about the angle bisectors of A , B , and C . These three reflected lines concurrent lines concur at the isogonal conjugate of P . This definition applies only to points not on a sideline of triangle ABC . The isogonal conjugate of a point P is sometimes denoted by P . The isogonal conjugate of P is P . The isogonal conjugate of the incentre I is itself. The isogonal conjugate of the orthocentre H is the circumcentre O . The isogonal conjugate of the centroid G is by definition the symmedian symmedian point K . In trilinear coordinates , if X x y z is a point not on a sideline of triangle ABC , then its isogonal conjugate is 1 x 1 y 1 z . For this reason, the isogonal conjugate of X is sometimes denoted by X sup &minus 1 sup . The set S of triangle centers under trilinear product, defined by p q r u v w pu qv rw , is a commutative group, and the inverse of each X in S is X sup &minus 1 sup . As isogonal conjugation is a function, it makes sense to speak of the isogonal conjugate of sets of points, such as lines and circles. For example, the isogonal conjugate of a line is a circumconic and inconic circumconic specifically, an ellipse, parabola, or hyperbola according as the line intersects the circumcircle in 0, 1, or 2 points. The isogonal conjugate of the circumcircle is the line at infinity. Several well known cubics e.g., Thompson cubic, Darboux cubic, Neuberg cubic are self isogonal conjugate ... also Isotomic conjugate Brocard point External links http www.uff.br trianglecenters isogonal conjugate en.html Interactive Java Applet illustrating isogonal conjugate and its properties http mathworld.wolfram.com ... more details
In mathematics , two real number s math p, q 1 math are called conjugate indices if math frac 1 p frac 1 q 1. math Formally, we will also define math q infty math as conjugate to math p 1 math and List of Latin phrases V vice versa vice versa . Conjugate indices are used in H lder s inequality . Also, if math p, q 1 math are conjugate indices, the spaces L sup p sup and L sup q sup are dual space dual to each other see Lp space L sup p sup space . See also Beatty s theorem References A B Antonevich, Linear Functional Equations , Birkh user, 1999. ISBN 3 7643 2931 9. planetmath id 2051 title Conjugate index Category Functional analysis de Konjugation Reelle Zahlen zh ... more details
In group theory , the conjugate closure of a subset S of a group mathematics group G is the subgroup of G generating set of a group generated by S sup G sup , i.e. the closure of S sup G sup under the group operation, where S sup G sup is the Conjugate group theory conjugates of the elements of S S sup G sup g sup &minus 1 sup sg g &isin G and s &isin S The conjugate closure of S is denoted S sup G sup or S sup G sup . The conjugate closure of any subset S of a group G is always a normal subgroup of G in fact, it is the smallest by inclusion normal subgroup of G which contains S . For this reason, the conjugate closure is also called the normal closure of S or the normal subgroup generated by S . The normal closure can also be characterized as the intersection set theory intersection of all normal subgroups of G which contain S . Any normal subgroup is equal to its normal closure. The conjugate closure of a singleton set singleton subset a of a group G is a normal subgroup generated by a and all elements of G which are conjugate to a . Therefore, any simple group is the conjugate closure of any non identity group element. The conjugate closure of the empty set math varnothing math is the trivial group . Contrast the normal closure of S with the normalizer of S , which is for S a group the largest subgroup of G in which S itself is normal. This need not be normal in the larger group G , just as S need not be normal in its conjugate normal closure. References cite book title Handbook of Computational Group Theory author Derek F. Holt coauthors Bettina Eick, Eamonn A. O Brien publisher CRC Press year 2005 isbn 1584883723 pages 73 Category Group theory Abstract algebra stub zh ... more details
About binomial conjugates in algebra Conjugate disambiguation merge Difference of two squares date January 2012 In algebra , a conjugate is a binomial formed by taking the opposite of the second term of a binomial. The conjugate of math x y , math is math x y , math , where x and y are real number s. If y is imaginary number imaginary , the process is termed complex conjugation . The complex conjugate of a bi is a bi . The purpose of a conjugate is to create a perfect square , often to rationalize square roots in a denominator. Differences of squares main Difference of two squares An expression of the form math a 2 b 2 , math can be factored to give math a b a b , math where one factor is the conjugate of the other. This can be useful when trying to rationalize a denominator containing radicals. Rationalizing radicals in denominator main Rationalisation mathematics As mentioned above, an irrational number irrational binomial can sometimes be made rational by multiplying by its conjugate. When rationalizing a denominator, the numerator may remain irrational, though. In order to keep the value of the fraction the same, it is multiplied by the conjugate divided by itself, as shown in the examples below. math left frac 1 a sqrt b right left frac a sqrt b a sqrt b right frac a sqrt b a 2 b , math math frac 1 2 2 sqrt 3 frac 2 2 sqrt 3 2 2 sqrt 3 frac 2 2 sqrt 3 2 2 2 2 3 frac 2 sqrt 3 2 8 frac sqrt 3 1 4 , math See also Difference of two squares Conjugate element field theory External links http www.mathwords.com r rationalizing the denominator.htm Rationalizing the Denominator from Mathwords.com http www.blc.edu fac rbuelow common glossarya m.htm conjugate Math glossary from Bethany Lutheran College Category Algebra ... more details
Image Conjugate Diameters.svg thumb 300px right Two conjugate diameters of an ellipse . Each edge of the bounding parallelogram is Parallel geometry parallel to one of the diameters. In geometry , two diameter s of a conic section are said to be conjugate if each chord geometry chord parallel geometry parallel to one diameter is bisection bisected by the other diameter. For example, two diameters of a circle are conjugate if and only if they are perpendicular . For an ellipse , two diameters are conjugate if and only if the tangent line to the ellipse at one endpoint of a diameter is parallel to the tangent at the second endpoint. Each pair of conjugate diameters of an ellipse has a corresponding tangent parallelogram , sometimes called the bounding parallelogram . In his manuscript De motu corporum in gyrum , and in the Philosophi Naturalis Principia Mathematica Principia , Isaac Newton cites as a lemma mathematics lemma proved by previous authors that all bounding parallelograms for a given ellipse have the same area . It is possible to Compass and straightedge constructions reconstruct an ellipse from any pair of conjugate diameters, or from any bounding parallelogram. For example ... the axes of an ellipse from a given pair of conjugate diameters. File Drini conjugatehyperbolas.svg thumb right Blue and green hyperbolas are conjugate. A diameter from x,y to &minus x ,&minus y is conjugate to the one from y,x to &minus y ,&minus x . Two hyperbola s are conjugate if they are images ... hyperbola is conjugate to its reflection in the asymptote, which is a diameter of the other hyperbola. They are hyperbolic orthogonal to each other. Conjugate diameters of hyperbolas are useful for stating ... can be formulated Any pair of conjugate diameters of conjugate hyperbolas can be taken for the axes .... References PlanetMath urlname ConjugateRadii title Conjugate Diameters of Ellipse http www.cut the knot.org Curriculum Geometry ConjugateDiameters.shtml Conjugate Diameters in Ellipse at cut the knot.org. ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 In differential geometry , conjugate points are, roughly, points that can almost be joined by a 1 parameter family of geodesic s. For example, on a Spherical geometry sphere , the north pole and south pole are connected by any Meridian geography meridian . Definition Suppose p and q are points on a Riemannian manifold , and math gamma math is a geodesic that connects p and q . Then p and q are conjugate points along math gamma math if there exists a non zero Jacobi field along math gamma math that vanishes at p and q . Recall that any Jacobi field can be written as the derivative of a geodesic variation see the article on Jacobi field s . Therefore, if p and q are conjugate along math gamma math , one can construct a family of geodesics which start at p and almost end at q . In particular, if math gamma s t math is the family of geodesics whose derivative in s at math s 0 math generates the Jacobi field J , then the end point of the variation, namely math gamma s 1 math , is the point q only up to first order in s . Therefore, if two points are conjugate, it is not necessary that there exist two distinct geodesics joining them. Examples On the sphere math S 2 math , antipodal points are conjugate. On math mathbb R n math , there are no conjugate points. On Riemannian manifolds with non positive sectional curvature , there are no conjugate points. See also Cut locus Riemannian manifold cut locus Jacobi field DEFAULTSORT Conjugate Points Category Riemannian geometry ... more details
In geometry , the isotomic conjugate of a point P not on a sideline of triangle ABC is constructed as follows Let A nowiki nowiki , B nowiki nowiki , C nowiki nowiki be the points in which the lines AP , BP , CP meet the lines BC , CA , AB , respectively. Reflect A nowiki nowiki B nowiki nowiki C nowiki nowiki in the midpoints of sides BC , CA , AB to obtain points A , B , C , respectively. The lines AA , BB , CC meet at a point this can be proved using Ceva s theorem , and this point is called the isotomic conjugate of P . If Trilinear coordinates trilinears for P are p q r , then trilinears for the isotomic conjugate of P are a sup &minus 2 sup p sup &minus 1 sup b sup &minus 2 sup q sup &minus 1 sup c sup &minus 2 sup r sup &minus 1 sup . The isotomic conjugate of the centroid of triangle ABC is the centroid itself. Isotomic conjugates of lines are circumconics, and conversely, isotomic conjugates of circumconics are lines. This property holds for isogonal conjugates as well. See also Isogonal conjugate References Robert Lachlan, An Elementary Treatise on Modern Pure Geometry , Macmillan and Co., 1893, page 57. Category Triangles de Isotomisch konjugierte Punkte nl Isotomische verwantschap zh ... more details
of pneumococcalconjugatevaccine s. PACE Global Leadership Award recipients include Dr. Thomas Cherian ... country in Africa to introduce pneumococcalconjugatevaccine s and the Health Minister of Costa ... Pneumococcal Disease ref On June 10, 2008, PACE along with the Sabin Vaccine Institute , PATH and PneumoADIP ... of the first two countries to introduce the pneumococcalvaccine into its national immunization program ... Vaccine Institute s 4th Regional Pneumococcal Symposium ref Cite web url http www.sabin.org events fourth regional pneumococcal symposium title Sabin Vaccine Institute s 4th Regional Pneumococcal Symposium ... also sought to highlight South Africa s introduction of the pneumococcalvaccine , with support from ... Pneumo Symposium Reinforce Need for PneumococcalVaccine ref In October 2009, PACE conducted ... leading causes of bacterial meningitis in childhood are vaccine preventable, the regular use of pneumococcalconjugatevaccineconjugate vaccines would reduce the high burden of morbidity and mortality ...Image Pneumococcal Awareness Council of Experts logo.jpg frame right The Pneumococcal Awareness Council of Experts PACE is a project of the Sabin Vaccine Institute and is composed of global experts in infectious disease s and vaccine s. Established in December 2006, The Council seeks to raise awareness among policymakers and aims to secure global commitments to prevent pneumococcal disease , a leading infectious killer of children and adults worldwide. ref name WHO Pneumococcal Vaccines World Health Organization, http www.who.int vaccines en pneumococcus.shtml Pneumococcal vaccines ref The Council ... and industry. Council Members PACE is made up of 21 global experts on infectious disease s and vaccine ... , Executive Vice President of the Sabin Vaccine Institute and Orin Levine , Executive Director ... Ciro A. de Quadros , Chairman Chair Sabin Vaccine Institute United States USA Orin Levine , Chairman ... Bloomberg School of Public Health United States USA Samba Sow Center for Vaccine Development ref ... more details
For conjugate variables in context of thermodynamics Conjugate variables thermodynamics Conjugate variables are pairs of variables mathematically defined in such a way that they become Fourier transform dual mathematics duals of one another, ref http www.aip.org history heisenberg p08a.htm Heisenberg Quantum Mechanics, 1925 1927 The Uncertainty Relations ref ref http www.springerlink.com content r40472577250313r Some remarks on time and energy as conjugate variables ref or more generally are related through Pontryagin duality . The duality relations lead naturally to an uncertainty in physics called the Heisenberg uncertainty principle relation between them. In mathematical terms, conjugate variables are part of a symplectic basis, and the uncertainty principle corresponds to the symplectic form . Examples There are many types of conjugate variables, depending on the type of work a certain system is doing or is being subjected to . Examples of canonically conjugate variables include the following Time and frequency the longer a musical note is sustained, the more precisely we know its frequency but it spans more time . Conversely, a very short musical note becomes just a click, and so one can t know its frequency very accurately. Doppler effect Doppler and range the more we know about how far away a radar target is, the less we can know about the exact velocity of approach or retreat, and vice versa. In this case, the two dimensional function of doppler and range is known as a radar ambiguity function or radar ambiguity diagram . Surface energy dA surface tension A surface area Elastic stretching FdL F elastic force L length stretched Derivatives of action In classical physics, the derivatives of action physics action are conjugate variables to the quantity with respect ... density at that event. See also Canonical coordinates Notes Reflist DEFAULTSORT Conjugate ... pl Zmienne sprz one simple Conjugate variables zh ... more details
for geometric conjugate points Projective harmonic conjugates In mathematics , a function math u x, ,y math defined on some open domain math Omega subset R 2 math is said to have as a conjugate a function math v x, ,y math if and only if they are respectively real and imaginary part of a holomorphic function math f z math of the complex variable math z x iy in Omega. math That is, math v math is conjugate to math u math if math f z u x,y iv x,y math is holomorphic on math Omega. math As a first consequence of the definition, they are both harmonic function harmonic real valued functions on math Omega math . Moreover, the conjugate of math u, math if it exists, is unique up to an additive constant. Also, math u math is conjugate to math v math if and only if math v math is conjugate to math u math . Equivalently, math v math is conjugate to math u math in math Omega math if and only if math u math and math v math satisfy the Cauchy Riemann equations in math Omega. math As an immediate consequence of the latter equivalent definition, if math u math is any harmonic function on math Omega subset R 2, math the function math u y math is conjugate to math u x math , for then the Cauchy Riemann ... in math Omega, math in which case a conjugate of math u math is, of course, math scriptstyle mathrm Im ,f x iy . math So any harmonic function always admits a conjugate function whenever its domain is simply connected , and in any case it admits a conjugate locally at any point of its domain. There is an operator ... conjugate v putting e.g. v x sub 0 sub 0 on a given x sub 0 sub in order to fix the indeterminacy of the conjugate up to constants . This is well known in applications as essentially the Hilbert ... operator s. Conjugate harmonic functions and the transform between them are also one of the simplest ... conjugate of x is y , and the lines of constant x and constant y are orthogonal. Conformality ... occurrence of the term harmonic conjugate in mathematics , and more specifically ... more details
Conjugate coding is a cryptographic tool, introduced by Stephen Wiesner ref http portal.acm.org citation.cfm?id 1008908.1008920 ref in the sixties . Because its publication has been surprisingly rejected, it was developed to the world of public key cryptography in the eighties as Oblivious Transfer , first by Michael O. Rabin Rabin and then by Shimon Even Even . It is used in the field of Quantum Computing . References references Category Cryptography Category Information theory crypto stub ... more details
File Complex conjugate picture.svg right thumb Geometric representation of math z math and its conjugate math bar z math in the complex plane In mathematics , complex conjugates are a pair of complex number s, both having the same real number real part, but with imaginary number imaginary parts of equal magnitude and opposite sign mathematics sign s. ref MathWorld ComplexConjugate Complex Conjugates ref ref MathWorld ImaginaryNumber Imaginary Numbers ref For example, 3 4i and 3 &minus 4i are complex conjugates. The conjugate of the complex number math z math math z a ib, , math where math a math ... 3 2i math math overline 7 7 math math overline i i. math An alternative notation for the complex conjugate is math z math . However, the math bar z math notation avoids confusion with the notation for the conjugate ... numbers polar form , the conjugate of math r e i phi math is math r e i phi math . This can be shown ..., if a complex number provides a solution to a problem, so does its conjugate, such as is the case ... mathematics involution i.e., the conjugate of the conjugate of a complex number z is again ... conjugate pairs see Complex conjugate root theorem . The map math sigma z overline z , math from math ... number math z x iy math or math z rho e i theta math is given, its conjugate is sufficient ... of u. These uses of the conjugate of z as a variable are illustrated in Frank Morley s book .... For matrices of complex numbers math AB A B math . Taking the conjugate transpose or adjoint ... s and coquaternion s the conjugate of math a bi cj dk math is math a bi cj dk math . Note that all ... . Spinger Verlag, 1988, p. 29 ref One example of this notion is the conjugate transpose operation ... notion of complex conjugation. See also Complex conjugate vector space Real structure ... Complex Conjugate Category Complex numbers ar bs Konjugovano kompleksan broj ca Conjugat ... Complex conjugate zh ... more details
s. http maze5.net ?page id 733 Examples The convex conjugate of an affine function math f x left ... cases b, & x a infty, & x ne a. end cases math The convex conjugate of a power function math f x ... 1 p tfrac 1 q 1. math The convex conjugate of the absolute value function math f x left x right ... math The convex conjugate of the exponential function math f x , e x math is math f star left x right begin cases x ln x x , & x 0 0 , & x 0 infty , & x 0. end cases math Convex conjugate and Legendre ... conjugate is strictly larger as the Legendre transform is only defined for positive real numbers ... E left min x,X right math has the convex conjugate math begin align f star p int 0 p F 1 q , dq ... conjugate of a closed convex function is again a closed convex function. The convex conjugate of a polyhedral ... The convex conjugate of a function is always lower semi continuous . The biconjugate math f math the convex conjugate of the convex conjugate is also the closed convex hull , i.e. the largest lower semi ... f and its convex conjugate f sup sup Fenchel s inequality also known as the Fenchel Young inequality ... is the maximizing argument to compute the convex conjugate math f prime x x x arg sup x star ... f left A x right f x , forall x, forall A in G math if and only if its convex conjugate f sup sup ... more details
are then called conjugate distributions, and the prior is called a conjugate prior for the likelihood. For example, the Normal distribution Gaussian family is conjugate to itself or self conjugate with respect ... as the term conjugate prior , were introduced by Howard Raiffa and Robert Schlaifer in their work ... of Some of the Words of Mathematics , http jeff560.tripod.com c.html conjugate prior distributions ... as the prior generally with different parameter values . Such a choice is a conjugate prior . A conjugate ... a difficult numerical integration may be necessary. Further, conjugate priors may give intuition, by more ... family have conjugate priors. See Gelman et al. ref name gelman et al Andrew Gelman , John .... ISBN 1 58488 388 X. ref for a catalog. Example The form of the conjugate prior can generally be determined ... , but never of math q math . In fact, the usual conjugate prior is the beta distribution with math p ... characteristic of conjugate priors that the dimensionality of the hyperparameters is one ... also the Wishart distribution , conjugate prior of the covariance matrix of a multivariate ... Conjugate priors are analogous to eigenfunctions in operator theory , in that they are distributions ... from the prior to the posterior as an operator. In both eigenfunctions and conjugate priors ..., the operator is diagonalized , one can easily analyze how a convex combination of conjugate priors ... density of conjugate priors, rather than a single conjugate prior. Dynamical system One can think of conditioning on conjugate priors as defining a kind of discrete time dynamical system from a given ... Bayesian estimation and Data assimilation . Table of conjugate distributions Let n denote the number of observations. If the likelihood function belongs to the exponential family , then a conjugate prior exists, often also in the exponential family see Exponential family Bayesian estimation conjugate distributions Exponential family Conjugate distributions . Discrete likelihood distributions class ... more details
Multiple issues confusing January 2010 tone January 2010 unreferenced January 2010 wikify January 2011 The conjugate method is a multi faceted method of rotating and linking special exercises that are close in nature to one another. Description of the method The most common template for this method revolves around three methods of weight training used in conjunction with one another. These three methods are Overcoming maximal resistance that causes maximal or near maximal muscle tension maximal effort method . Using considerably less than maximal resistance until fatigue causes one to fail repeated effort method . Using sub maximal weights accompanied by maximal speed dynamic method . External links http www.westside barbell.com Category Weightlifting Category Powerlifting ... more details
References date November 2011 In fluid dynamics , the conjugate depth s refer to the depth y sub 1 sub upstream and the depth y sub 2 sub downstream of the hydraulic jump whose flux momentum fluxes are equal for a given discharge hydrology discharge volume flux q . The depth upstream of a hydraulic jump is always supercritical flow supercritical . It is important to note that the conjugate depth is different than the alternate depths for flow which are used in conservation of energy energy conservation calculations. Mathematical derivation File M y Diagram.jpg thumb right M y diagram. Beginning with an equal momentum flux M and discharge q upstream and downstream of the hydraulic jump math M frac y 1 2 2 frac q 2 g y 1 frac y 2 2 2 frac q 2 g y 2 . math Rearranging terms gives math frac q 2 g left frac 1 y 1 frac 1 y 2 right frac 1 2 left y z 2 y 1 2 right . math Multiply to get a common denominator on the left hand side and factor the right hand side math frac q 2 g left frac y 2 y 1 y 1 y 2 right frac 1 2 y 2 y 1 y 2 y 1 . math The y sub 2 sub &minus y sub 1 sub term cancels out math frac q 2 g left frac 1 y 1 y 2 right frac 1 2 y 2 y 1 qquad text where q 1 2 y 1 2 v 1 2 y 2 2 v 2 2. math Divide by y sub 1 sub sup 2 sup math frac v 1 2 g left frac 1 y 1 y 2 right frac 1 2 y 1 2 y 2 y 1 qquad text recall F r 1 2 frac v 1 2 g y 1 . math Thereafter multiply by y sub 2 sub and expand the right hand side math F r 2 2 frac y 2 2 2 y 1 2 frac y 2 2 y 1 . math Substitute x for the constant y sub 2 sub y sub 1 sub math F r 1 2 frac x 2 2 frac x 2 Rightarrow 0 frac x 2 2 frac x 2 F r 1 2. math Solving the quadratic equation and multiplying it by math tfrac sqrt 4 2 math gives math x frac tfrac 1 2 pm sqrt 1 2 2 4 1 2 F r 1 2 2 1 2 frac 1 2 sqrt 1 4 8 F r 1 2 . math Substitute the constant y sub 2 sub y sub 1 sub back in for x to get the conjugate depth equation math frac y 2 y 1 frac 1 2 left sqrt 1 8 F r 1 2 1 right . math Category Hydraulic engineering ... more details
The Sobolev conjugate of p for math 1 leq p n math , where n is space dimensionality, is math p frac pn n p p math This is an important parameter in the Sobolev inequality Sobolev inequalities . Motivation A question arises whether u from the Sobolev space math W 1,p R n math belongs to math L q R n math for some q p . More specifically, when does math Du L p R n math control math u L q R n math ? It is easy to check that the following inequality math u L q R n leq C p,q Du L p R n math can not be true for arbitrary q . Consider math u x in C infty c R n math , infinitely differentiable function with compact support. Introduce math u lambda x u lambda x math . We have that math u lambda L q R n q int R n u lambda x qdx frac 1 lambda n int R n u y qdy lambda n u L q R n q math math Du lambda L p R n p int R n lambda Du lambda x pdx frac lambda p lambda n int R n Du y pdy lambda p n Du L p R n p math The inequality for math u lambda math results in the following inequality for math u math math u L q R n leq lambda 1 n p n q C p,q Du L p R n math If math 1 n p n q not 0 math , then by letting math lambda math going to zero or infinity we obtain a contradiction. Thus the inequality could only be true for math q frac pn n p math , which is the Sobolev conjugate. See also Sergei Lvovich Sobolev References Lawrence C. Evans. Partial differential equations. Graduate studies in Mathematics, Vol 19. American Mathematical Society. 1998. ISBN 0 8218 0772 2 Category Sobolev spaces ... more details
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