enzyme Name phosphoketolase EC number 4.1.2.9 CAS number 9031 75 8 IUBMB EC number 4 1 2 9 GO code 0050193 image width caption In enzymology , a phosphoketolase EC number 4.1.2.9 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction D xylulose 5 phosphate phosphate math rightleftharpoons math acetyl phosphate D glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate H sub 2 sub O Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are D xylulose 5 phosphate and phosphate , whereas its 3 product chemistry products are acetyl phosphate , D glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate , and water H sub 2 sub O . This enzyme belongs to the family of lyase s, specifically the aldehyde lyases, which cleave carbon carbon bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is D xylulose 5 phosphate D glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate lyase adding phosphate acetyl phosphate forming . Other names in common use include D xylulose 5 phosphate D glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate lyase , and phosphate acetylating . This enzyme participates in 3 metabolism metabolic pathways pentose phosphate pathway , methane metabolism , and carbon fixation . It employs one cofactor biochemistry cofactor , thiamin diphosphate . References reflist 1 cite journal author HEATH EC, HURWITZ J, HORECKER BL, GINSBURG A date 1958 title Pentose fermentation by Lactobacillus plantarum. I. The cleavage of xylulose 5 phosphate by phosphoketolase journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 231 pages 1009&ndash 29 pmid 13539033 issue 2 cite journal author Schramm M, Klybas V and Racker E date 1958 title Phospholytic cleavage of fructose 6 phosphate by fructose 6 phosphate phosphoketolase from Acetobacter xylinum journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 233 pages 1283&ndash 1288 4.1 enzyme stub Category EC 4.1.2 Category Thiamine enzymes Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
enzyme Name fructose 6 phosphate phosphoketolase EC number 4.1.2.22 CAS number 37290 57 6 IUBMB EC number 4 1 2 22 GO code 0047905 image width caption In enzymology , a fructose 6 phosphate phosphoketolase EC number 4.1.2.22 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction D fructose 6 phosphate phosphate math rightleftharpoons math acetyl phosphate D erythrose 4 phosphate H sub 2 sub O Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are D fructose 6 phosphate and phosphate , whereas its 3 product chemistry products are acetyl phosphate , D erythrose 4 phosphate , and water H sub 2 sub O . This enzyme belongs to the family of lyase s, specifically the aldehyde lyases, which cleave carbon carbon bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is D fructose 6 phosphate D erythrose 4 phosphate lyase adding phosphate acetyl phosphate forming . Other names in common use include D fructose 6 phosphate D erythrose 4 phosphate lyase , and phosphate acetylating . This enzyme participates in pentose phosphate pathway . References reflist 1 cite journal author Schramm M, Klybas V and Racker E date 1958 title Phospholytic cleavage of fructose 6 phosphate by fructose 6 phosphate phosphoketolase from Acetobacter xylinum journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 233 pages 1283&ndash 1288 4.1 enzyme stub Category EC 4.1.2 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
EC number 4.1.2.9 phosphoketolase EC number 4.1.2.10 mandelonitrile lyase EC number 4.1.2.11 hydroxymandelonitrile ... deoxy 6 phosphogalactonate aldolase EC number 4.1.2.22 fructose 6 phosphate phosphoketolase EC number ... more details
Image Lactic acid skeletal.svg thumb One isomer of lactic acid Lactic acid fermentation is a biological process by which sugars such as glucose , fructose , and sucrose , are converted into cellular energy and the metabolic byproduct lactic acid lactate . It is an anaerobic fermentation reaction that occurs in some bacteria and animal cell s, such as muscle cell s. ref name fao1 cite web title Fermented Fruits and Vegetables A Global SO Perspective publisher United Nations FAO year 1998 url http www.fao.org docrep x0560e x0560e10.htm accessdate 2007 06 10 ref ref name ohio cite web url http www.mansfield.ohio state.edu sabedon biol1095.htm lactic acid fermentation title Glycolysis and Fermentation author Ohio State University date 1998 04 03 accessdate 2010 01 12 ref ref name campbell cite book last1 Campbell first1 Neil last2 Reece first2 Jane authorlink1 Neil Campbell scientist authorlink2 Jane Reece title Biology, 7th Edition publisher Benjamin Cummings year 2005 isbn 080537146X ref If oxygen is present in the cell, many organisms will bypass fermentation and undergo cellular respiration however, facultative anaerobic organism s will both ferment and undergo respiration in the presence of oxygen. ref name campbell Lactate dehydrogenase catalyzes the interconversion of pyruvate and lactic acid lactate with concomitant interconversion of NADH and Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD sup sup . In homolactic fermentation , one molecule of glucose is ultimately converted to two molecules of lactic acid. Heterolactic fermentation , in contrast, yields carbon dioxide and ethanol in addition to lactic acid, in a process called the phosphoketolase pathway. ref name fao1 Chemical process The process of lactic acid fermentation using glucose is summarized below. In homolactic fermentation, one molecule of glucose is converted to two molecules of lactic acid ref name campbell C sub 6 sub H sub 12 sub O sub 6 sub 2 CH sub 3 sub CHOHCOOH In heterolactic fermentation, the reac ... more details
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