Perpetualcopyright can refer to a copyright without a finite copyright term term , or to a copyright whose finite copyright term term is perpetually extended. Perpetualcopyright in the former sense is highly uncommon, as the current laws of all countries with copyright statutes set a standard limit ... be owned and London booksellers and other supporters of perpetualcopyright argued that without it scholarship ..., effectively a perpetualcopyright, all our learning will be locked up in the hands of the Tonsons ...&source gbs navlinks s isbn 9780521469692 ref Nevertheless calls for perpetualcopyright continued in Britain ... for a perpetualcopyright. The Lords clearly voted against perpetualcopyright, ref Cite book ... The UK Copyright Act 1775 established a type of perpetualcopyright under which the Authorized King ... rather than a perpetualcopyright because the hospital does not retain creative control over the work ... Bird . United States In the United States , perpetualcopyright is prohibited by its United States ... facto perpetualcopyright on the installment plan . This argument was rejected by the Supreme Court ... governmental literary, dramatic and musical works are under perpetualcopyright, but once ... Orphan works References Reflist 2 DEFAULTSORT PerpetualCopyright Category Intellectual property .... See List of countries copyright length . Exceptions have sometimes been made, however, for unpublished works. Usually, special legislation is required, granting a perpetualcopyright to a specific work. Battle of the booksellers When the statutory copyright term provided for by the Statute of Anne , the first copyright statute, began to expire in 1731 London booksellers fought to defend their dominant ... the copyright term provided by the Statute of Anne. Eventually, in a case known as Midwinter v ... of the Statute of Anne. The Scottish booksellers argued that no common law copyright existed ... a pre existing common law copyright. The dispute was argued out in a number of notable ... more details
wiktionary perpetualPerpetual may refer to Perpetual bond , a bond which pays coupons forever Perpetual curacy , a type of Christian priesthood Perpetual virginity of Mary Perpetual virginity , a Christian doctrine concerning the Virgin Mary Perpetual Entertainment , a software development company Perpetual Limited , an Australian diversified financials company Perpetual motion , a concept in physics University of Perpetual Help System , a private non sectarian system of universities in the Philippines. Our Lady of Perpetual Succor College , a private non sectarian college in Marikina City, Philippines. see also Perpetual motion disambiguation disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Perpetual Desolation Type Album Artist The Sins of Thy Beloved Cover The Sins of Thy Beloved Perpetual Desolation.jpg Released June 20, 2000 Recorded September October 1999 Genre Gothic metal , death doom Length 62 15 Label Napalm Records Producer Terje Refsnes Reviews Last album Lake of Sorrow br 1998 This album Perpetual Desolation br 2000 Next album Perpetual Desolation is the second full length album by The Sins of Thy Beloved , released in 2000. Track listing The Flame of Wrath 9 49 Forever 6 55 Pandemonium 7 29 Partial Insanity 7 42 Perpetual Desolation 4 16 Nebula Queen 7 00 The Mournful Euphony 8 39 A Tormented Soul 4 20 The Thing That Should Not Be 6 05 small Metallica cover small World of Day small only on Japanese version small Category 2000 albums Category The Sins of Thy Beloved albums Category Napalm Records albums cs Perpetual Desolation es Perpetual Desolation pl Perpetual Desolation pt Perpetual Desolation ru Perpetual Desolation ... more details
Perpetual Edict may refer to The Praetor s Edict in Roman Law, after the praetors began reissuing exactly the same edict as their predecessors, about 130 AD. Perpetual Edict 1667 Edict of 1577 dab A long comment added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. Generated via Template Longcomment. ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 In company law , perpetual succession is the continuation of a corporation s or other organization s existence despite the death, bankruptcy, insanity, change in membership or an exit from the business of any owner or member, or any transfer of stock ,etc. Perpetual succession, along with a corporate seal common seal , is one of the features defining a corporation s legal existence as separate from those of its owners. DEFAULTSORT Perpetual Succession Category Business terms Business stub ... more details
Infobox Single Name Perpetual Dawn Cover OrbPerpetualDawn.jpg Artist The Orb from Album The Orb s Adventures Beyond the Ultraworld B side Alternate mixes Released 1991 Format 12 , Compact disc CD Recorded Genre Electronica br Reggae br House music House br Electro music Electro br Dub music Dub Length Label Big Life Big Life UK br Mercury Records Mercury US Writer Producer The Orb Certification Last single Little Fluffy Clouds br 1990 This single Perpetual Dawn br 1991 Next single Blue Room single Blue Room br 1992 Perpetual Dawn is a reggae influenced track by The Orb from The Orb s Adventures Beyond the Ultraworld . It was originally released in 1991 and re released in 1994 and features vocals by Jeffrey Nelson and Shola. It reached 61 on the UK Singles Chart with its original 1991 release and the 1993 reissue reached 18. Tracklisting UK Release Perpetual Dawn Solar Youth Mix 4 00 Star 6 & 7 8 9 Phase II 4 48 Perpetual Dawn Solar Flare Extended Mix 6 35 US Release Perpetual Dawn Solar Youth Mix 4 00 Perpetual Dawn Solar Flare Extended 6 35 Perpetual Dawn Ultrabass I 8 06 Perpetual Dawn Ultrabass II 7 10 Star 6 & 7 8 9 Phase II 4 48 External links Discogs release id 672109 The Orb Category The Orb songs Category Article Feedback 5 electronic song stub th Perpetual Dawn ... more details
A Perpetual Curate was a clergyman of the Church of England officiating as parish priest in a small or sparsely peopled parish or district which was not served by a Rector Anglican churches rector or Vicar Anglican vicar and to which he had been nominated by the Appropriation law Ecclesiastical law impropriator and licensed by usually the bishop . As noted below the term perpetual was not to be understood literally but was used to indicate he was not a curate assistant parish priest but the parish priest and of higher standing. Perpetual curates did not undergo Incumbent ecclesiastical Institution and induction institution or induction and did not receive the temporalities. Unlike rectors and vicars their income did not derive from the possession of tithes but from the diocese . Such appointments became perpetual in that the incumbent could only be removed by his licensor usually the bishop. Appointees might be inexperienced, aged or infirm or otherwise judged to be capable of handling only light responsibilities. Refer priest in charge Priest in Charge Before the Pluralities Act of 1838 perpetual curacies were not formally regarded as Benefice Church of England benefices . In cases where a perpetual curacy received an augmentation from Queen Anne s Bounty the Benefice Church of England livings were declared perpetual cures and the incumbents bodies politic. In the wake of the legislation relating to the Bounty and the increasing prevalence of the appointment of other types of curate, in particular stipendiary curates and assistant curates, the office was increasing described as a perpetual curacy to mark its superior status . ref Glossary Clergy of the Church of England Database . ref A curate not a perpetual curate was a temporary curate. ref Archibald John Stephens, A practical treatise of the laws relating to the clergy , W Benning & Co 1848 ref References references Category Anglican ecclesiastical offices Category Anglican priests Category Ecclesiastical titles ... more details
orphan date June 2008 unreferenced date June 2008 A perpetual flower is a service for bereaved people whereby a company is engaged to maintain a floral display at the deceased s grave burial grave . Category Death customs death stub ... more details
Infobox Company company name Perpetual company logo Image Perpetual Logo.png center 250px company type Public company Public asx PPT foundation Sydney, Australia 1886 location Sydney, Australia key people ... http www.perpetual.com.au Perpetual is one of Australia s most experienced investment and trustee ... to individuals, families, financial advisers and organisations. Perpetual offers a broad range of investment ... settlements and philanthropic trusts. Perpetual is a major provider of specialist financial market ... for a broad range of institutions. History Perpetual was founded in 1885 by a committee of business ... the Honourable Edmund Barton who later became Australia s first Prime Minister . Perpetual Trustee Company ... was granted to Perpetual the power to act as a corporate executor and trustee by the NSW Legislative Assembly . An increasing number of prominent citizens appointed Perpetual as executor or trustee of their estates in many cases for generations. Perpetual continued to develop a strong and secure reputation throughout the First World War and The Great Depression . At that time, Perpetual Trustee ... until 1988 . In 1963 , The Perpetual Executors & Trustees Association of Australia Ltd Victoria ... with Perpetual Trustee Company Ltd NSW . In 1964 Perpetual listed its shares on the Australian Stock ..., Perpetual expanded beyond its traditional trustee business into the rapidly developing funds management ... prosperous Australians began creating charitable endowments. Today Perpetual is Australia s largest manager of philanthropic funds, including acting as trustee for over 450 charitable trusts. Perpetual ... and educational purposes. The Perpetual Foundation was established in 1998, to provide a way for the business ... their positive impact and that they are used as intended. The Perpetual Foundation supports a range ... Logo The M bius strip signifying continuous which is associated with the company name, Perpetual which means never ending. External links http www.perpetual.com.au Perpetual Main Site Category Financial ... more details
Perpetual bond , which is also known as a Perpetual or just a Perp , is a bond with no maturity date . ref http wps.pearsoned.co.uk wps media objects 1669 1709773 0273685988 ch04.ppt 264,10,Different Types of Bonds The Valuation of Long Term Securities ref Therefore, it may be treated as equity, not as debt. Perpetual bonds pay Coupon bond coupon s forever, and the issuer does not have to redeem them. Their cash flows are, therefore, those of a perpetuity . Examples of perpetual bonds are consols issued by the UK Government. Most perpetual bonds issued nowadays are deeply subordinated bonds issued by banks. The bonds are counted as Tier 1 capital , and help the banks fulfil their capital requirements . Most of these bonds are Callable bond callable , but the first call date is never less than five years from the date of issue a call protection period. Pricing Perpetual bonds are valued using the formula math frac y i math where math y math is an expected yield for maximum term available and math i math is Annual Coupon Interest on a bond. ref http faculty.business.utsa.edu kfairchild classes 5023 BONDVALU.doc BOND VALUATION ref References Reflist External links http www.livemint.com 2007 07 30171523 Perpetual debt in favour but.html Perpetual debt in favour, but yields may fall , LiveMint.com , July 7, 2007 bond market DEFAULTSORT Perpetual Bond Category Bonds ca Obligaci perp tua nl Eeuwigdurende obligatie ja zh ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Perpetual insurance is a type of homeowners insurance policy written to have no term, or date, when the policy expires. From the effective start date, the coverage exists for perpetuity. The insured deposits money, called a deposit premium , with the insurer for insurance for the life of the risk. The deposit account deposit is many times larger than the cost of a non refundable, annual Insurance premium premium for an equivalent policy with a one year term. The insurer must earn enough income from investing the deposits to cover losses and operating expenses for the model to be economically viable. Upon cancellation, the insured is entitled to a full refund of the initial deposit premium, usually without interest. Perpetual insurance, first issued in the U.S. in Philadelphia in 1752, is still used for fire and homeowner s insurance. In the United States, there are also tax advantages to perpetual insurance. The deposit premium does not yield any income to the insured. However, the expense of the annual premium for term homeowners insurance is eliminated. Therefore, the tax adjusted, equivalent rate of return to the insured homeowner on the deposit premium can be calculated by taking the gross amount of money he or she needs to earn to net the amount of an annual premium for a term policy, divided by the amount of the deposit premium. For example, a house which costs 150,000 may typically be charged an annual premium of 1,000 for a term policy. That same house would likely require a 10,000 single deposit premium for a perpetual insurance policy of equivalent coverage. A person in the 28 Tax bracket would need to earn 1,389 in gross income to pay the annual premium. Since that amount no longer needs to be paid annually, the tax adjusted, equivalent ... why index.html Baltimore Equitable Insurance Why Perpetual Insurance? http www.oneprojectcloser.com perpetual home insurance explained Perpetual Home Insurance Explained DEFAULTSORT Perpetual ... more details
Invesco Perpetual is an investment company based in Henley on Thames , Oxfordshire , England . Description and history It was originally founded by Sir Martyn Arbib as Perpetual Mutual and then Perpetual plc . The company became a member of the AMVESCAP Group , which was subsequently renamed Invesco. Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom Queen Elizabeth II visited the company in 1998 to open a new complex of buildings after opening the nearby River and Rowing Museum . fact date June 2011 The company s UK Head of Investment is Neil Woodford . ref name Invesco cite web url http www.invescoperpetual.co.uk invesco default page fund adviser fund adviser 0,2940,401821 7600 19009647,00.html title Neil Woodford work Invesco Perpetual accessdate 2007 07 01 archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20070423214800 http www.invescoperpetual.co.uk invesco default page fund adviser fund adviser 0,2940,401821 7600 19009647,00.html Bot retrieved archive archivedate 2007 04 23 ref The company is a significant employer in the town of Henley, England. The company logo is a graphic image of Ama Dablam , a mountain in the Himalaya range of eastern Nepal. References reflist External links http www.invescoperpetual.co.uk Invesco Perpetual Category Investment management companies of the United Kingdom Category Henley on Thames Category Companies based in Oxfordshire finance company stub ... more details
Infobox Company company name Perpetual Entertainment company logo Image PerpetualLogo.png 225px Perpetual Entertainment logo company type Private company Private foundation 2002 fate Transferred assets to P2 Entertainment in 2007, which closed in 2008 location San Francisco , California CA industry Computer and video game industry key people Joe Keene Co Chairman and CEO products Star Trek Online Now developed by Cryptic Studios br Gods & Heroes Rome Rising now developed by Heatwave Interactive br Perpetual Platform homepage Formerly perpetual.com Perpetual Entertainment , founded in March 2002, was an American video game developer developer , video game publisher publisher and Management operator ... & Heroes Rome Rising . Products As Perpetual Entertainment, the company had previously developed ... Studios now developing Star Trek Online ref Perpetual was also developing the Perpetual Entertainment ... was Bioware ref http www.gamespot.com news 6175380.html Gamespot BioWare picks up Perpetual tech for MMOG ref . The Perpetual Game Engine , a suite of reusable game tools and libraries for high quality ... After a previous round of layoffs in December 2006, Perpetual underwent several further rounds of layoffs ref http www.gamasutra.com php bin news index.php?story 15587 Gamasutra Perpetual Announces ... 10, 2007, Perpetual Entertainment Inc. transferred ownership of all its assets including Star Trek Online to Perpetual LLC, for liquidation and distribution of liquidation proceeds to creditors of Perpetual ... Commission date November 21, 2007 accessdate 2007 11 26 ref Shortly thereafter, Perpetual Entertainment ... lawsuit was bought by PR Firm Kohnke Communications against Perpetual ref http games.slashdot.org article.pl?sid 07 12 13 205216 Slashdot Kohnke v. Perpetual Suit Unveils Pay For Good Reviews Angle ref ref http www.tentonhammer.com node 15616 Tentonhamer Kohnke v. Perpetual The Opening Round ref . On January ... by both parties. ref http www.gamasutra.com php bin news index.php?story 17094 Gamasutra Kohnke, Perpetual ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Perpetual access refers to the Digital Rights Management right to ongoing access to electronic materials. In situations where digital materials are licensed , access to these materials is often lost after the licensing agreement has expired. In many cases the two parties involved in the license agree that it is necessary for the licensee to retain access to these materials after the license has lapsed. Perpetual access is a term that is used within the library community to describe the ability to retain access to Electronic publishing electronic journals after the contractual agreement for these materials has passed. Typically when a library licenses access to an electronic Academic journal journal , the journal s content remains in the possession of the licensor. The library often purchases the rights to all back issues as well as new issues. When the license elapses, access to all the journal s contents are lost. In a typical print model, the library purchases the journals and retains the them for the duration of the contract but also after the contract expires. In order to retain access to journals that were released during the term of a license for digital electronic journals, the library must obtain perpetual access rights. Perpetual access is closely related to digital archiving , which is the preservation of electronic documents. Often, if an institution is to retain perpetual access it must design a way in which to preserve the electronic documents that are granted by the license. Several initiatives have developed methods in which to retain electronic documents and retain perpetual access. The most notable of these is the LOCKSS program, the DSpace repository program, and the Ithaka Portico program. See also Digital preservation LOCKSS External links http www.portico.org terms.html Definition of Perpetual Access from Portico http www.dspace.org DSpace official site http www.lockss.org LOCKSS official site http www.lockss.org lockss ... more details
Property law Perpetual usufruct right of perpetual usufruct , RPU is the English language term often used by Polish lawyers to describe the Polish version of public ground lease. It is usually granted for 99 years, but never shorter than 40 years, and enables leasehold use of publicly owned land, in most cases located in urban area s. Although it does not give Fee simple freehold rights, interestingly, buildings located on such land can be owned directly by private parties. There have been legislative proposals to make it possible to convert perpetual usufruct into freehold ownership. External links http library.findlaw.com 2000 Jan 1 129161.html RPU explained law stub Poland stub Category Property law Category Civil law legal system Category Polish law pl U ytkowanie wieczyste ... more details
File Cocidomontanes.JPG thumb A Cantabria n version of perpetual stew A perpetual stew is a pot into which whatever one can find is placed and cooked. The pot is never emptied all the way, as ingredients are replenished as necessary. The concept is often a common element in descriptions of medieval Public house Inns inn s. Perpetual stew can also be called a hunter s stew . Examples Medieval cooking bread, water or ale, and a companaticum that which goes with the bread from the cauldron, the original stockpot or pot au feu that provided an ever changing broth enriched daily with whatever was available. The cauldron was rarely emptied out except in preparation for the meatless weeks of Lent , so that while a hare , Chicken food hen or pigeon would give it a fine, meaty flavour, the taste of salted pork or cabbage would linger for days, even weeks. Tannahill References Food in History , by Reay Tannahill. New York Crown Publishers, 1989. 424 p. ISBN 0517571862 See also Bigos Master stock Slow cooker Stone soup DEFAULTSORT Perpetual Stew Category Stews food stub ... more details
unreferenced date March 2010 Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Perpetual Flame Type Album Artist Yngwie Malmsteen Cover Yngwie perpetual flame.jpg Released October 14, 2008 Recorded Genre Neo classical metal , heavy metal music heavy metal , power metal Length 66 09 Label Rising Force Records Rising Force , E1 Music Koch Producer Yngwie Malmsteen Last album Unleash the Fury br 2005 This album Perpetual Flame br 2008 Next album Angels of Love br 2009 Perpetual Flame is a studio album by guitarist Yngwie J. Malmsteen Yngwie Malmsteen and his group Rising Force, released on October 13, 2008 in Europe and on October 14, 2008 in the U.S.A. and Canada. It was his first album since 2005 s Unleash the Fury and the first with ex Judas Priest and Iced Earth singer Tim Ripper Owens . The album also features famed keyboardist Derek Sherinian on keyboards. The album was also produced by Malmsteen himself, who also served as engineer, and was mixed by Roy Z of Bruce Dickinson and Halford band Halford fame and mastered by Maor Appelbaum of Halford band Halford , Lita Ford , Therion fame . On tour, Malmsteen was joined by Bjorn Englen on bass and Michael Troy musician Michael Troy on keyboards. The tracks Red Devil, Damnation Game, and Caprici di Diablo were made as downloadable content for the games Rock Band and Rock Band 2 on November 25, 2008 Track listing tracklist all writing Yngwie Malmsteen title1 Death Dealer length1 5 26 title2 Damnation Game length2 5 04 title3 Live ... of Perpetual Flame for a song entitled Tide of Desire. The lyrics are about not giving up, and of a Perpetual fire, a flame still burning themes that seem to go with the title of the album ... review viewreview.php?band Yngwie 20Malmsteen&album Perpetual 20Flame&post by &rating &month &year ... Malmsteen albums es Perpetual Flame fr Perpetual Flame it Perpetual Flame ka Perpetual Flame no Perpetual Flame pt Perpetual Flame fi Perpetual Flame sv Perpetual Flame ... more details
Perpetual beta is the keeping of Computer software software or a System Systems in information and computer science system at the Software release cycle Beta beta development stage for an extended or indefinite period of time. It is often used by developers when they continue to release new features that might not be fully tested. As a result, perpetual beta software is not recommended for mission critical machines. However, many operational systems find this to be a much more rapid and agile approach to development, staging, and deployment. Definition Perpetual beta has come to be associated with the development and release of a service in which constant updates are the foundation for the habitability or usability of a service. According to publisher and open source advocate Tim O Reilly blockquote Users must be treated as co developers, in a reflection of open source development practices even if the software in question is unlikely to be released under an open source license. The open source dictum, release early and release often , in fact has morphed into an even more radical position, the perpetual beta , in which the product is developed in the open, with new features Slipstream computing slipstreamed in on a monthly, weekly, or even daily basis. It s no accident that services such as Gmail , Google Maps , Flickr , del.icio.us , and the like may be expected to bear a Beta logo for years at a time. ref Cite web url http www.oreillynet.com pub a oreilly tim news 2005 09 30 what is web 20.html?page 4 last O Reilly first Tim date 2005 09 30 title What Is Web 2.0 accessdate July 7, 2009 ref blockquote Used in the larger conversation of what defines Web 2.0 , O Reilly described the concept of perpetual beta as part of a customized Internet environment with these applications as distinguishing characteristics blockquote Services, not packaged software, with cost effective ... it Perpetual beta nl Perpetual beta pt Beta perp tuo ... more details
Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Perpetual Burn Type studio Artist Jason Becker Cover PerpetualBurn.jpg Released 1988 Recorded Prairie Sun Recording Studios in Cotati, California Genre Instrumental rock , neo classical metal Length 42 01 Label Shrapnel Records Shrapnel Producer Mike Varney , Jason Becker , Steve Fontano, Marty Friedman musician Marty Friedman Last album This album Perpetual Burn br 1988 Next album Perspective Jason Becker album Perspective br 1996 Album ratings rev1 Allmusic rev1score Rating 4 5 ref Allmusic class album id r1584 pure url yes Allmusic review ref Perpetual Burn is the first studio album by guitarist Jason Becker , released in 1988 through Shrapnel Records . Track listing tracklist all writing Jason Becker , except where noted title1 Altitudes length1 5 40 title2 Perpetual Burn length2 3 30 title3 Mabel s Fatal Fable length3 4 52 title4 Air length4 5 39 title5 Temple of the Absurd note5 Becker, Marty Friedman musician Marty Friedman length5 4 42 title6 Eleven Blue Egyptians note6 Becker, Friedman length6 5 44 title7 Dweller in the Cellar length7 6 15 title8 Opus Pocus length8 5 39 total length 42 01 Personnel Jason Becker guitar , keyboard instrument keyboard , bassline bass , record producer production Marty Friedman musician Marty Friedman additional guitar solo music solos tracks 5 7 , production Atma Anur drum kit drums Steve Fontano audio engineering engineering , audio mixing recorded music mixing , production Joe Marquez engineering George Horn audio mastering mastering Mike Varney executive producer executive production References reflist Category Jason Becker albums Category 1988 albums Category Shrapnel Records albums Category Albums produced by Mike Varney Category Debut albums es Perpetual Burn it Perpetual Burn ja tr Perpetual Burn ... more details
In business and accounting accountancy , perpetual inventory or continuous inventory describes systems of inventory where information on inventory quantity and availability is updated on a continuous basis as a function of doing business. Generally this is accomplished by connecting the inventory system with order entry and in retail the point of sale system. In this case, book inventory would be exactly the same as, or almost the same, as the real inventory. In earlier periods, non continuous, or periodic inventory systems were more prevalent. Starting in the 1970 s digital computers made possible the ability to implement a perpetual inventory system. This has been facilitated by bar coding and lately radio frequency identification RFID labeling which allows computer systems to quickly read and process inventory information as part of transaction processing. Perpetual inventory systems can still be vulnerable to errors due to overstatements phantom inventory or understatements missing inventory that can occur as a result of theft, breakage, scanning errors or untracked inventory movements, leading to systematic errors in replenishment. ref A Comprehensive Guide to Retail Out of Stock Reduction in the Fast Moving Consumer Goods Industry, Thomas W. Gruen, Ph.D., University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, USA and Dr. Daniel Corsten, IE Business School Madrid. ref References reflist External links http www.investorwords.com 3679 perpetual inventory.html http retailindustry.about.com od merchandisemanagement g perpetual inv.htm http www.business accounting guides.com perpetual inventory system.html Category Inventory ... more details
Bigfinishbox title The Perpetual Bond series Doctor Who number 40 featuring Steven Taylor Doctor Who Steven Taylor br List of companions in Doctor Who spin offs Oliver Harper Oliver Harper cover writer Simon Guerrier director Lisa Bowerman producer executive producer production code BFPDWCC40 set between The Daleks Master Plan br The Cold Equations Doctor Who The Cold Equations length date February 2011 The Perpetual Bond is a Big Finish Productions List of Doctor Who audio plays by Big Finish audiobook based on the long running United Kingdom British science fiction television series Doctor Who . The Companion Chronicles talking books are each narrated by one of the Doctor s companions and feature a second, guest star voice along with music and sound effects. Plot The First Doctor returns to 1960s London and discovers duplicitous Bowler hat ted businessmen dealing in immoral commodities. Cast Steven Taylor Doctor Who Steven Taylor Peter Purves List of companions in Doctor Who spin offs Oliver Harper Oliver Harper Tom Allen comedian Tom Allen Continuity The TARDIS returns to its first television location, I.M. Foreman s scrapyard An Unearthly Child . Steven mentions visiting London in 1912 The Suffering Doctor Who audio The Suffering . Notes Oliver Harper is the first ongoing companion created for the Companion Chronicles range. He returns in The Cold Equations Doctor Who The Cold Equations and The First Wave . External links http www.bigfinish.com 508 Doctor Who The Companion Chronicles The Perpetual Bond Perpetual Bond Firstdoctoraudios DEFAULTSORT Perpetual Bond, The Category Companion Chronicles audio plays Category First Doctor audio plays DoctorWho stub ... more details
The Perpetual Union is a feature of the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union , which established the United States of America as a national entity. Under American constitutional law, this concept means that states are not permitted to withdraw from the Union. Historical origin The concept of a Union of the American States originated gradually during the 1770s as the independence struggle unfolded. In his First Inaugural Address on Monday March 4, 1861, Abraham Lincoln stated Blockquote The Union is much older than the Constitution. It was formed, in fact, by the Continental Association Articles of Association in 1774. It was matured and continued by the Declaration of Independence in 1776. It was further matured, and the faith of all the then thirteen States expressly plighted and engaged that it should be perpetual, by the Articles of Confederation in 1778. And finally, in 1787, one of the declared objects for ordaining and establishing the Constitution was to form a more perfect Union. ref cite web url http www.vlib.us amdocs texts 19linc1.htm title Abraham Lincoln s First ... nature of the new union. Accordingly, Article XIII states that the Union shall be perpetual .... Maryland s final ratification of the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union established ... of a perpetual union appeared earlier in European political thought. In 1532, Fran ois the 1st signed the Treaty of Perpetual Union fr. Trait d Union Perp tuelle , which pledged the freedom and privileges ... and perpetual Union, between the Sovereigns subscribed. ref cite book author Chris Brown,Terry Nardin ... perpetual appears much earlier in the history of political thought. In January 44 Anno Domini B.C. ... that the Union is perpetual. Even after the Civil War, which had been fought by the North to confirm ... , the Union was solemnly declared to be perpetual. And when these Articles were found to be inadequate ... if a perpetual Union, made more perfect, is not? ref name Texas See also Secession in the United ... more details
Perpetual peace refers to a state of affairs where peace is permanently established over a certain area ... that their rule would enforce perpetual peace. No empire has ever extended its authority over the entire ... that their divinity would produce perpetual peace at some point in the future. The most famous ... James, Isaiah Chapter 2 2 4 There are also a number of projects for a perpetual peace which employ ... The other modern plans for a perpetual peace descend from Immanuel Kant s 1795 essay, Perpetual .... . In this essay the German philosopher Immanuel Kant described his proposed peace program. Perpetual peace is arguably seen as the starting point of contemporary liberal thought. Perpetual Peace is structured ... s essay is a three legged stool besides the preliminary disarmament . Various projects for perpetual ... The third leg is the old idea that a confederation of peaceable princes could produce a perpetual ... argued that trade and the peaceable ways of democracy would keep this Union perpetual, and counted on the combined ... and Perpetual Peace , part IV of Principles of International Law 1786 89 , Jeremy Bentham proposed that disarmament, arbitration, and the renunciation of colonies would produce perpetual peace, ref cite ... and Perpetual Peace work The Principles of International Law first Jeremy last Bentham ref thus relying ... Banality of evil Perpetual war World peace League of peace Treaty of Perpetual Peace References No footnotes article date July 2008 http www.mtholyoke.edu acad intrel kant kant1.htm Kant s Project for a Perpetual ..., Peace. A World History, Polity, 2009. James Bohman, Perpetual peace essays on Kant s cosmopolitan .... Dieter Senghaas, On perpetual peace a timely assessment, Berghahn Books, 2007. Bogumil Terminski, The evolution of the concept of perpetual peace in the history of political legal thought, Perspectivas ... Kant Perpetual Peace free ebook http www.earlymoderntexts.com kpeac.html Early Modern Texts Kant Towards Perpetual Peace slightly modified for easier reading http librivox.org perpetual peace by immanuel ... more details
Other uses Image WaterScrewPerpetualMotion.png thumb right Robert Fludd s 1618 water screw perpetual ... water to lubricate them. Perpetual motion describes hypothetical machines that operate or produce ... consensus that perpetual motion in a closed system would violate the first law of thermodynamics and or the second law of thermodynamics . Machines which extract energy from seemingly perpetual sources ... itself endures , but they are not considered to be perpetual motion machines because they are consuming ... laws of thermodynamics but access energy from obscure sources are sometimes referred to as perpetual ... the fact that successful closed system perpetual motion devices are physically impossible in terms of our current understanding of the laws of physics, the pursuit of perpetual motion remains popular. Basic principles Main Thermodynamics There is an undisputed scientific consensus that perpetual motion ... of thermodynamics by accessing energy from unconventional sources are sometimes referred to as perpetual .... Machines which extract energy from seemingly perpetual sources such as ocean currents ... to be perpetual motion machines because they are consuming energy from an external source and are not closed systems . Classification One classification of perpetual motion machines refers to the particular ... August 2010 ref A perpetual motion machine of the first kind produces Work thermodynamics work ... of energy . A perpetual motion machine of the second kind is a machine which spontaneously converts ... law of thermodynamics see also entropy . The signature of a perpetual motion machine of the second ... is a perpetual motion machine of the third kind , usually but not always ref An alternative definition is given, for example, by Schadewald, who defines a perpetual motion machine of the third kind ... . Such a machine would not serve as a source of energy but would have utility as a perpetual energy storage device. Use of the term impossible and perpetual motion Image Perpetual Motion by Norman ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2010 The Perpetual Accord is a peace treaty and alliance of the Acht Orte of the Old Swiss Confederacy and Duke Sigismund of Austria. King Louis XI of France was elected as a mediator between both parties. The negotiations took place in Constan a . The first version was finalized on 30 March 1474, but had to wait until early 1475 for the ratification of the final version. Category Peace treaties Euro hist stub de Ewige Richtung es Ewige Richtung ... more details
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