dablink For other uses, see Penal colony , penal system , Penale or penal disambiguation . Infobox Settlement official name Penal other name native name Pe eraal nickname settlement type Town For Town or Village Leave blank for the default City motto image skyline 1200px imagesize image caption Top 1st Middle 2nd Middle Bottom flag size image seal seal size image shield shield size 100px city logo citylogo size image map mapsize map caption image map1 mapsize1 map caption1 image dot map dot mapsize dot map caption dot x dot y pushpin map the name of a location map as per http en.wikipedia.org wiki Template Location map pushpin label position the position of the pushpin label left, right, top, bottom, none pushpin map caption pushpin mapsize subdivision type Corporation subdivision name Penal Debe Regional Corporation subdivision type1 Country subdivision name1 Trinidad and Tobago subdivision type2 subdivision name2 subdivision type3 subdivision name3 subdivision type4 subdivision name4 government footnotes government type leader title leader name leader title1 leader name1 leader title2 leader name2 leader title3 love leader name3 leader title4 leader name4 established title Settled ... , and north of Siparia . Originally a rice and Cocoa bean cocoa producing area, Penal has grown .... The population is 12,281 people. ref http www.citypopulation.de Trinidad.html ref Penal is largely ... Indian and Person of Indian Origin Indians . The heart of Penal contains many businesses while the outskirts focus on agricultural development. Commercially, Penal has a police station, branches of two .... Penal plays a major role in the energy supply to the nation s populace. Petrotrin , the national ... running through Penal that links the gas fields of the South East Coast and the industrial estates ... to the west of Penal. Penal is administered by the Penal Debe Regional Corporation . References ... places in Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad geo stub nl Penal pl Penal ... more details
Penal may refer to Penal colony Penal system , prisons Penal military unit Penal town , Trinidad and Tobago See also Penale , surname Penile , to do with the penis disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. es Penal ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Contract law Penal damages are best seen as quantitatively excessive liquidated damages and are invalid under the common law . While liquidated damages are a priori calculations of expectation loss under the contract, penal damages go further and seek to penalise a party in some way for Breach of contract breach of a clause above and beyond the loss suffered by the innocent party as a result of this breach. Many clauses which are found to be penal are expressed as liquidated damages clauses but are seen by courts as excessive and thus invalid. The judicial approach to penal damages is conceptually important as it is one of the few examples of judicial paternalism in contract law. Even if two parties genuinely and without coercion wish to consent to a contract which includes a penal clause, they are unable to. So, for example, a person wishing to give up smoking cannot contract with a third party to be fined 100 each time they smoke as this figure does not represent the expectation loss of the contract. As distinguished from other types of damages Penal damages are to be distinguished from punitive damages , which are awarded in certain types of tort actions for actions which caused harm to the plaintiff. Penal damages are also different from treble damages , which are generally set by statute for certain violations of competition law and related laws. DEFAULTSORT Penal Damages Category Contract law Law stub ... more details
A penal notice is a warning endorsed on a court order, notifying the recipient that he or she is liable to committal to prison for breach of the order. References http www.divorce glossary.co.uk penal notice.html Divorce glossary entry law stub Category Criminal law wiktionary ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date November 2006 In money lending, penal interest is punitive interest charged by a lender to a borrower if installments are not paid according to the loan terms. DEFAULTSORT Penal Interest Category Interest Econ stub da Morarente no Forsinkelsesrente fi Viiv styskorko sv Dr jsm lsr nta i Sverige ... more details
File Mernagh monument.JPG thumb 250px right Epigraphy in honour of a prisoner in the Australian penal colony of Botany Bay . A penal colony is a Human settlement settlement used to exile prison ers and separate ... or governors having absolute authority. Historically penal Colony colonies have often been used for penal ... larger scale than a prison farm . In practice such penal colonies may be little more than ... empires heavily used North America and other parts of the world as penal colonies to varying degrees ... labour, or during an escape attempt. In the penal colony system, prisoners were sent far away to prevent escape and to discourage returning after their sentence expired. Penal colonies were .... British Empire The Kingdom of Great Britain British used North America as a penal colony through ... War American Revolution , Britain began using parts of what is now known as Australia as penal settlements ... made various penal colonies. Two of the most infamous ones are on the Andaman islands and Hijli . In the early ..., as the new governor of the islands, to set up a penal colony. He arrived at his destination ... was founded as a penal colony. France sent criminals to tropical penal colonies including Louisiana ... in the Galapagos archipelago was used as a penal colony 1869 1904. Imperial Russia used Siberia as a penal colony for criminals and dissidents . Though geographically contiguous with heartland Russia , Siberia provided both remoteness and a harsh climate . In 1857, a penal colony was established ... slave type penal labor to develop forestry , logging and mining industries, construction enterprises ... dictator Jose Gaspar Rodriguez de Francia opened the penal colony of Tevego in 1813, where ... of Brazil Brazilian troops. The Netherlands had a penal colony since the late 19th century. A town ... as a Islas Mar as Federal Prison penal colony . With a small population less than 1200 , the colony .... The other islands are uninhabited. Tarrafal camp Tarrafal was a Portugal Portuguese penal colony in the Cape ... more details
Infobox film name The Penal Code image image size caption director George Melford producer Burton L. King producer br John R. Freuler executive producer Citation needed date August 2011 uncredited writer F. Hugh Herbert br Edward T. Lowe Jr. story narrator starring See below music cinematography Edward A. Kull editing Frederick Bain distributor released 1932 runtime 62 minutes country USA language English budget gross preceded by followed by website The Penal Code is a 1932 American film directed by George Melford . Plot summary Expand section date August 2011 Cast Regis Toomey as Robert Palmer Helen Cohan as Marguerite Margie Shannon Pat O Malley as Sergeant Detective W. J. Bender Robert Ellis as James Forrester Virginia True Boardman as Mrs. Sarah Palmer Henry Hall as Mr. Shannon Leander De Cordova as Isaac Lewin John Ince actor John Ince as Warden Murdock MacQuarrie as Lefty Olin Francis as McCarthy Soundtrack Expand section date August 2011 External links IMDb title id 0024434 title The Penal Code Internet Archive film id Penal Code 1932 name The Penal Code drama film stub DEFAULTSORT Penal Code Category 1932 films Category American films Category Drama films Category Crime films Category English language films Category Black and white films ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Penal harm , an intentionally harsher form of the deprivation of liberty , is the belief that during custodial sentence s mainly in prison or reformatory , inmates should endure additional pain and suffering, not just having their basic rights taken away, to make the punishment deliberately harder. While this improves the desirable deterrent effect of detention, and fits the idea of retribution, its perception as cruelty rather than justice may endanger both internal security and prospects for Rehabilitation penology rehabilitation and goes against the humane ideal of most human rights advocates, possibly qualifying legally as inhumane punishment, an infringement on human rights under the United Nations UN rules. Although internal punishments , imposed by prison authorities, are not strictly penal harm as such, since they are not independent from the convict s behavior, arbitrary application and choice of cruel modes, including corporal punishment in South East Asia n countries this can include the dreaded Rotan caning , perfectly fit the rationale. Traditional forms include hard labor rationed, unappetizing or even unhealthy food various discomforts such as poor hygiene, small and overcrowded cells, hard bunks, insufficient protection against cold long isolation, even in a dark hole sleep deprivation humiliating procedures such as strip search es denial of visits, correspondence and recreation. In recent years, penal harm has taken among other things the form of poor health care for inmates this includes the denial of medicine for patients diagnosed with HIV AIDS . It must be pointed out that many of the physical forms can also arise accidentally, as a result of understaffing, insufficient budget, or even legal considerations such as delays deemed necessary for appeal procedures . DEFAULTSORT Penal Harm Category Penal imprisonment ... more details
c.1890 1927. thumb Penal labour is a form of unfree labour in which prisoner s perform work ... which involve penal labour include penal servitude and imprisonment with hard labour . The term may .... Large scale implementations of penal labour include labour camps , prison farm s, and penal colonies ... old tarry rope to make caulking material for sailing vessels. British Empire further Penal Servitude Act s In the British Empire in the 19th century, hard labour became a standard feature of penal servitude as penal transportation was phased out. Although it was prescribed for severe crimes e.g. ... William Gott a terminally ill trouser salesman convicted of blasphemy . The British penal colony penal colonies in Australia between 1788 and 1868 provide a major historical example of convict labour, as described above during that period, Australia received thousands of penal transportation transported ... in Britain or Ireland . The Penal Servitude Act 1853 16 & 17 Vict. c.99 substituted penal servitude ... or for a term not less than fourteen years. Section 2 of the Penal Servitude Act 1857 20 & 21 Vict. c.3 ref http www.legislation.gov.uk ukpga Vict 20 21 3 section 2 Section 2 of the Penal Servitude ... a person who would otherwise have been liable to transportation would be liable to penal servitude instead. Sentences of penal servitude were served in convict prisons and were controlled by the Home ... Section 1 of the Penal Servitude Act 1891 ref http www.legislation.gov.uk ukpga Vict 54 55 69 section 1 Section 1 of the Penal Servitude Act 1891 ref makes provision for enactments which authorise a sentence of penal servitude but do not specify a maximum duration. It must now be read subject to section 1 1 of the Criminal Justice Act 1948 . England and Wales Penal servitude was abolished for England ... power on a court to pass a sentence of penal servitude in any case must be construed as conferring power to pass a sentence of imprisonment for a term not exceeding the maximum term of penal servitude ... more details
For the Chilean film The Penal Colony film Infobox short story See Wikipedia WikiProject Novels or Wikipedia WikiProject Books name In the Penal Colony title orig In der Strafkolonie translator Eugene Jolas 1941 br author Franz Kafka country Germany language German language German series genre Short story published in publication type publisher Kurt Wolff Kurt Wolff Verlag media type book hardcover pub date October 1919 english pub date 1941 preceded by followed by In the Penal Colony lang de In der Strafkolonie also translated as In the Penal Settlement is a short story by Franz Kafka written in German language German in October 1914, revised in November 1918, and first published in October 1919. The story is set in an unnamed penal colony . Internal clues and the setting on an island suggest Octave Mirbeau s The Torture Garden novel The Torture Garden as an influence. ref cite book last ... expect to be registered with horror. In the Penal Colony describes the last use of an elaborate ... of the story in relation to the United Kingdom British penal colony Port Arthur, Tasmania , see cite journal last Frow first John authorlink coauthors title In The Penal Colony journal Journal of Australian ... based upon the story. In 2000 composer Philip Glass wrote a chamber opera , In the Penal Colony , based ... of In the Penal Colony at London s Young Vic in July 2011, adapted by Amir Nizar Zuabi. In 2011 ... 1941, ppp. 98 107, 146 158. 1948 Translated by Edwin Muir Willa and Edwin Muir , in The Penal Colony Stories and Short Pieces The Penal Colony , New York Schocken Books, 1948. 1995 Translated by Edwin ... Joy Division was inspired by In the Penal Colony to write the song Colony from the album Closer ... of the story imdb title id 0343217 title Zoetrope imdb title id 0773756 title In the Penal Colony 2006 http www.shmoop.com penal colony In the Penal Colony study guide, themes, quotes, multimedia ... pt A Col nia Penal tr Ceza S m rgesi ... more details
About penal law as understood in the English law system a more general article criminal law Refimprove date July 2010 In the most general sense, penal is the body of laws that are enforced by the State in its own name and impose penalties for their violation, as opposed to Civil law common law civil law that seeks to redress private wrongs. This usage is synonymous with criminal law and is covered in that article. In some jurisdictions, such as Canada , penal law is distinct from criminal law even if it encompasses this last field. This is a result of federalism only the federal Parliament has the legislative power to enact criminal law statutes, yet provinces can also attach penal dispositions to their non criminal statutes so they will be respected. More specifically, the Penal laws were a set of laws which punished nonconformism in the United Kingdom and Ireland . English statutes on religious nonconformity In England English history, penal law refers to a specific series of laws that sought to uphold the establishment of religion establishment of the Church of England against Protestantism Protestant nonconformism nonconformists and Roman Catholic Church Roman Catholics , by imposing various forfeitures, civil penalties, and civil disabilities upon these dissenters. Some examples of these laws are the law of praemunire , 14th century Corporation Act 1661 Act of Uniformity 1662 Conventicle Act 1664 Five Mile Act 1665 the series of Test Act s Education Act 1695 Disarming Act 1695 Marriage Act 1697 Banishment Act 1697 Registration Act 1704 Popery Act 1704 and 1709 Occasional Conformity Act 1711 Disenfranchising Act 1728 Clarendon Code While some of the Penal Laws were much older, they took their most drastic shape during the reign of Charles II of England Charles II . Four ... . In Irish history Main Penal Laws Ireland The Penal Laws were introduced into Ireland in the year ... history interactive timelines BBC History Penal Laws in Ireland Category Law in the United ... more details
or a specific period. The penal system required the convicts to work, on government Infrastructure ... departed from England, to establish the first British settlement in Australia, as a penal colony. They arrived ..., Tasmania Van Diemen s Land Tasmania was also settled as a penal colony, followed by the Queensland ... before 1901 Convictism in Australia Category Australian penal colonies Australian penal colonies ... Category Penal labor es Destierro penal no Transportering ... more details
Atonement in Christianity Penal substitution sometimes, esp. in older writings, called forensic theory ... the Cross Achieve? The Logic of Penal Substitution Tyndale Biblical Theology Lecture, 1973 ... Luther ... the penal substitutionary theory ... ref ref name Grensted L. W. Grensted, http books.google.co.uk ... Before the Reformation only a few hints of a Penal theory can be found. ref ref name Oxenham H. N. Oxenham ... needed date August 2008 of penal substitution argue that the concept is both Bible biblically ... some versions of the theory present difficulties in terms of modern punishment penal theory , and that it presents ... hand, those teaching an interpretation of the Cross consistent with penal substitution reject such a characterization ... penal and exemplary substitution at the same time. Penal substitution derives from the idea ... of penal substitution the doctrine of faith union of believers with Christ which prevents an understanding of penal substitution by those to whom God s grace has not yet been given. Those who believe ... is necessarily linked to this as the vindication of Christ and those who belong to him. If, in the penal ... the whole scheme of penal substitution, because if the punishment for sin is eternity in hell ..., by advocates of universal reconciliation, that if penal substitution is biblical than the resurrection ... that the penal substitution theory was not taught in the Early Church. ref name packer ref name ... how much they are willing to see precursors to penal substitution in the writings of some of the Early Church fathers. There is general agreement that no writer in the Early Church taught penal ... of penal substitution as an afterthought or as an aside. The ransom theory of atonement , which ... of atonement, just as penal substitution is. It can therefore be difficult to distinguish intended references to the ransom theory of atonement ransom view by Early Church writers from real penal ... to penal substitution in the Early Church writings, and points to a variety of passages which ... more details
The Iraqi Penal Code is the statutory law of Iraq . The http law.case.edu saddamtrial documents Iraqi Penal Code 1969.pdf 1969 Penal Code serves as the basis for current Iraq law. The original Arabic language version of the law can be accessed through the Iraqi Legal Database . Category Iraqi law Penal Code Category Criminal codes iraq stub fa ... more details
Infobox TT Regional Corporation name Penal Debe image map PDRegCorp.PNG name Penal Debe area 246.91 time zone UTC 4 utc offset 4 population estimate year 2000 population estimate 83,609 population density 340 leader type Chairman governing body Penal Debe Regional Corporation leader name Alderman Dr. Alllen Sammy Penal Debe Regional Corporation is a Regional Corporations and Municipalities of Trinidad and Tobago Regional Corporation of Trinidad and Tobago . It has a land area of 246.91 km . Urban areas within Penal Debe Regional Corporation include Penal , where the corporation is headquartered, and Debe . Areas Debe East Barrackpore West Debe West La Fortune Hermitage Palmiste Penal Quinam Morne Diablo Rochard Barrackpore East Union Hall Bronte References http www.pdrctt.com ?url www.search.co.tt Official Website for the Penal Debe Regional Corporation. http library2.nalis.gov.tt Default.aspx?tabid 104 Local Government Corporations , from Nalis, the National Library and Information Service of Trinidad and Tobago. Local Government in Trinidad and Tobago coord missing Trinidad and Tobago Category Government of Trinidad and Tobago Category Regional corporations and municipalities of Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad geo stub fr R gion de Penal Debe nl Penal Debe ... more details
Penal Servitude Act is a stock short title which was used in the United Kingdom for legislation relating to penal servitude . The abolition of penal servitude has rendered this short title obsolete in that country. List The Penal Servitude Act 1853 16 & 17 Vict. c.99 repealed by the Criminal Justice Act 1948 , s.83 3 & Sch.10, Pt.I The Penal Servitude Act 1857 20 & 21 Vict. c.3 short title 1896 http www.legislation.gov.uk ukpga Vict 20 21 3 contents Legislation.gov.uk The Penal Servitude Act 1864 27 & 28 Vict. c.47 The Penal Servitude Act 1891 54 & 55 Vict. c.69 short title 1896 http www.legislation.gov.uk ukpga Vict 54 55 69 contents Legislation.gov.uk The Penal Servitude Act 1926 16 & 17 Geo 5 c 58 repealed by the Criminal Justice Act 1948, s.83 3 & Sch.10, Pt.I The Penal Servitude Acts 1853 to 1891 is the collective title of the Penal Servitude Act 1853, the Penal Servitude Act 1857, the Penal Servitude Act 1864 and the Penal Servitude Act 1891. ref The Short Titles Act 1896 , section 2 1 and the second schedule this collective title was formerly authorised by http www.legislation.gov.uk ukpga Vict 54 55 69 section 11 enacted section 11 of the Penal Servitude Act 1891 ref See also List of short titles References reflist UK legislation statute stub Category Lists of legislation by short title and collective title Category United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1853 Category United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1857 Category United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1864 Category United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1891 Category Penal labor ... more details
The current Penal Code of Brazil was promulgated in 1940, during the History of Brazil 281930 E2 80 931945 29 The Estado Novo Estado Novo regime. The Brazilian Penal Code includes libel as a crime. Category Criminal codes Brazil Category Brazilian law law stub Brazil stub ... more details
orphan date October 2009 File Irish penal rosary.svg right framed Irish Penal Rosary The Irish Penal Rosary was a single decade rosary used in Ireland during penal times when religious objects were forbidden. ref http www.abbeyshrule.com abbeyshrule 20penal 20times.htm Carrickedmond and Abbeyshrule Parish in the Penal Times ref ref name book http books.google.com books?id tjI9YQBFDGYC&pg PA267&lpg PA267&dq 22penal rosary 22 ireland&source web&ots 5n76YfyHVO&sig 9sy1P3 VcoC1ksdUCETJ0E60 m8 Encyclopedia of Catholic Devotions and Practices at Google Book Search ref This version of the rosary is easily hidden, allowing devout Roman Catholics to pray with less fear of being detected. Description File Rosario Irland s.jpg right framed Irish Penal Rosary of modern manufacture The crucifix has various symbols of the Passion ref name book a hammer for the nails of the cross, a halo for the Crown of Thorns , a jug symbolizing the Last Supper , cords for binding which recall the scourging at the Pillar, the spear used at Calvary , a cock and pot which illustrates an early apocryphal legend relating to Judas Iscariot Judas , the betrayer, and a roasting cock which suddenly came to life and crowed, thus prophesying the Resurrection, three nails used for the crucifix . Small marks along the side of the corpus indicate a ladder, both used in the crucifixion and by which we ascend to heaven. Usage The Penal Rosary is used by concealing the crucifix inside one s sleeve or palm while the ring is placed over the thumb while the first decade of the rosary is spoken, then placed over the next finger as the next decade is spoken and so on. See also Penal Laws Ireland Basque ring rosary , another rosary with 10 beads Kombol i , Worry Beads. Prayer Beads . References reflist DEFAULTSORT Irish Penal Rosary Category Rosary Category History of Catholicism in Ireland Penal rosary Category Mnemonics es Rosario irland s fr Chapelet irlandais ru ... more details
Infobox film name The Penal Colony image caption director Ra l Ruiz producer Dar o Pulgar writer Ra l Ruiz br Franz Kafka starring Luis Alarc n music cinematography H ctor R os editing Carlos Piaggio distributor released film date 1970 runtime 75 minutes country Film Chile language Spanish budget The Penal Colony lang es La colonia penal is a 1970 Chilean drama film directed by Ra l Ruiz . ref name lecinemaderaoulruiz.com cite web url http www.lecinemaderaoulruiz.com raoul ruiz cineaste la colonia penal title Le Cin ma de Raoul Ruiz La colonia penal accessdate 2009 10 25 work lecinemaderaoulruiz.com ref ref name NY Times.com cite web url http movies.nytimes.com movie 141964 La Colonia Penal overview title NY Times La colonia penal accessdate 2009 10 25 work NY Times.com ref Cast Luis Alarc n as President M nica Echeverr a as Journalist An bal Reyna as Minister Nelson Villagra References reflist External links IMDb title id 0065563 title The Penal Colony Ra l Ruiz DEFAULTSORT Penal Colony, The Category 1970 films Category Chilean films Category Spanish language films Category 1970s drama films Category Films directed by Ra l Ruiz Category Black and white films Category Films based on works by Franz Kafka Chile film stub sv The Penal Colony ... more details
The following is a list of Australian Penal colony penal colonies . class wikitable border 1 Colony State Year opened Year closed Cockatoo Island, New South Wales Cockatoo Island New South Wales 1839 1869 Rose Hill, New South Wales Rose Hill New South Wales 1788 Sydney Cove New South Wales 1788 Moreton Bay Queensland 1824 Redcliffe, Queensland Redcliffe Queensland 1823 1824 Maria Island Tasmania Van Diemen s Land 1825 1851 Port Arthur, Tasmania Port Arthur Tasmania Van Diemen s Land Richmond, Tasmania Richmond Tasmania Van Diemen s Land Risdon Cove Tasmania Van Diemen s Land Sarah Island , part of the Macquarie Harbour Penal Station Tasmania Van Diemen s Land Saltwater River, Tasmania Saltwater River Tasmania Van Diemen s Land Sullivan s Cove Tasmania Van Diemen s Land Swan River Colony Western Australia Norfolk Island Other See also List of Australian prisons and detention centres Expand list date August 2008 Category Australian history related lists Penal colonies, List of Australian Category Australian penal colonies List of Australian penal colonies Category Defunct prisons in Australia List of Australian penal colonies Category Lists of buildings and structures in Australia Penal colonies, List of Australian de Liste australischer Strafkolonien sl Seznam avstralskih kazenskih kolonij ... more details
Penal Reform International commonly known as PRI was founded in London in 1989, and has members in five continents and in over 80 countries. PRI is an international nongovernmental organization working on prison reform penal and criminal justice reform worldwide. PRI currently has regional offices and programmes in the Middle East and North Africa , Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia and the South Caucasus . They have also worked with partner organisations in other parts of Africa and, using a variety of approaches, on penal reform issues in Asia, North and Latin America and the Caribbean . PRI shares best practice and expertise across regions, as well as working to develop and promote culturally specific solutions to criminal justice and penal reform . PRI seeks to achieve penal reform by promoting The development and implementation of international human rights instruments in relation to law enforcement and prison conditions The elimination of unfair and unethical discrimination in all penal measures The abolition of the death penalty The reduction of the use of imprisonment throughout the world The use of constructive non custodial sanctions which support the social reintegration offenders whilst taking into account the interests of victims. PRI works with penal reform activists, NGOs and governments, as well as intergovernmental organisation s such as the United Nations ... to NGOs and governments seeking to reform their penal systems Assisting penal reform activists and specialists ... those improvements about Developing alternatives to custody, and other penal reform projects that are culturally ..., seminars and exchange visits, bringing together penal reform activists, specialists and government representatives Publishing newsletters that cover developments in penal reform, reporting on penal conditions worldwide Developing relationships with the United Nations and its agencies, the Council ... is based in London , UK. External links http www.penalreform.org Penal Reform International ... more details
The Danish Penal Code ref name pet http www.pet.dk English Operational tasks Legal basis Penal code.aspx Danish Security and Intelligence Service Danish Penal Code Special Chapters ref also known as The Danish Criminal Code lang da Straffeloven is the codification of the central legal text and makes up the foundation of criminal law in Denmark . History The Penal Code is law number 126 of April 15, 1930 with later amendments. It came automatically into effect on January 1, 1933 replacing a wide range of previous laws, including the general penalty law of February 10, 1866. Law number 127 of April 15, 1930 describes all previous laws invalidated. It has since be changed or amended to, a large number of times, especially in the last 15 years, with between 5 and 10 changes each year. The Penal Code is based on considerations done in 1912, 1917 and 1923. Bet nkning afgiven af Kommissionen nedsat til at foretage et Gennemsyn af den almindelige borgerlige Straffelovgivning 1912 . Bet nkning angaaende de af den ... nedsatte Straffelovkommission udarbejdede Forslag ... , udarbejdet af Carl Torp 1917 . Bet nkning afgiven af Straffelovskommissionen af 9. November 1917 1923 . References references Category Danish law Category Criminal codes da Straffeloven no Straffeloven Danmark ... more details
The Revised Penal Code contains the Philippine Criminal Law general penal laws of the Philippines . First enacted in 1930, it remains in effect today, despite several amendments thereto. It does not comprise a comprehensive compendium of all Philippine penal laws. The Revised Penal Code itself was enacted as List of Philippine laws Act No. 3815, and some Philippine criminal laws have been enacted outside of the Revised Penal Code as separate Republic Acts. Historical background The Revised Penal Code supplanted the Spanish Penal Code, which was in force in the Philippines from 1886 to 1930. The new Code was drafted by a committee created in 1927, and headed by Judge Anacleto Diaz , who would later serve on the Supreme Court of the Philippines Supreme Court . Rather than engage in a wholesale codification of all penal laws in the Philippines, the committee instead revised the old Penal Code and included all other penal laws only insofar as they related to the Penal Code. Features The Revised Penal Code criminalizes a whole class of acts that are generally accepted as criminal, such as the taking of a life whether through murder or homicide , rape , robbery and theft , and treason .The Code also penalizes other acts which are considered criminal in the Philippines, such as adultery ... from the Revised Penal Code are those concerning illegal drug trade illegal drug use or trafficking ... Library Ref One distinct aspect of the Revised Penal Code centers on its classification of aggravation ... Penal Code are generally divided into three periods the minimum period, the medium period, and the maximum ... of the penalty in its medium period. ref name rpc 1 cite web title Act No. 3815 The Revised Penal ... no 3815.html accessdate 2011 06 17 ref Several provisions of the Revised Penal Code have also been ... impossible under the Revised Penal Code is reclusion perpetua , which ranges from 20 years and 1 ... imprisonment is not provided for in the Revised Penal Code, although it is imposed by other penal statutes ... more details
The Penal Code Keih of Japan was passed in 1907 as Law No. 45. It is one of the Six Codes that form the foundation of Japanese law . See also Criminal law Crime in Japan Criminal justice system of Japan External links http www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp law detail ?ft 2&re 02&dn 1&yo penal code&x 0&y 0&ky &page 1 Penal Code of Japan Japanese English Ministry of Justice Japan Japanese Ministry of Justice Japan law stub Category 1907 in law Category Criminal codes Japan Category Japanese criminal law fr Code p nal japonais de 1907 ja ... more details
Penal battalion s , penal company military unit companies , etc., are military formations consisting of convict convicted persons for which military service in such units was either the assigned punishment or an alternative to imprisonment or the death penalty . Great Britain See Royal African Corps 1800 1821 , and its derivative units. France See Battalion of Light Infantry of Africa formed in 1832 and made up of men with prison records who still had to do their military service or soldiers with serious disciplinary problems. Nazi Germany See Afrika Brigade 999 AKA Bew hrungseinheiten 999, Strafbataillon 999, Bew hrungstruppe 999, Division 999 . See Dirlewanger Brigade AKA SS Sturmbrigade Dirlewanger . See Strafbattalion Wehrmacht Heer unit See Strafkompanie , which was not a military unit but a penal work division in the concentration camps. Soviet Union See shtrafbat NKVD prisoner battalions in World War II References in culture The story, The Warlord by Soviet writer Vladimir Karpov recounts Karpov s military career from a penal company serviceman to a Guards Colonel awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union . Nikolai Dostal s critically acclaimed 11 part television serial, Penal Battalion Shtrafbat , IMDB title 0425715 Shtrafbat , was released in 2004. The Dirty Dozen , a 1967 United States American film about a fictional U.S. penal military unit directed by Robert Aldrich , from the novel by E.M. Nathanson . The novels by Sven Hassel about the fictional 27th Penal Panzer Regiment. Between Heaven and Hell film features a paroled military prisoner sent to a company ... Horseman trilogy, Alexander Belov, is sentenced to serve in a Red Army penal battalion. Notes Reflist ... Life and My Country , Regnery Publishing, Inc. 1997 ISBN 9780895264220 Manazeev, Igor, A Penal Corps ... commander of a penal company ru icon http www.vor.ru 55 Stalingrad History 4 eng.html Article on Penal Units from Voice of Russia DEFAULTSORT Penal Military Unit Category Military of the Soviet Union ... more details
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