Reference re a Resolution to amend the Constitution , 1981 1 S.C.R. 753 &ndash also known as the PatriationReference &ndash is a historic Supreme Court of Canada Reference question reference case that occurred during negotiations for the patriation of the Constitution of Canada . The Court affirmed the existence of an unwritten dimension to the Constitution and the majority held that by Constitutional convention political custom constitutional convention , amendments to the Constitution require a substantial degree of provincial consent. However, a differently constituted majority of the court held that there was no legal barrier to the federal government seeking a constitutional amendment without any provincial consent. Background Under Pierre Elliot Trudeau , the federal government of Canada sought to patriate the Constitution. Specifically, the aim of the government was to make a request to the United Kingdom Parliament then the only body with the appropriate legal authority to amend the British North America Act , adding to it a domestic amendment formula permitting Canada to henceforth modify the Constitution itself and entrenching the Charter of Rights and Freedoms . Canada would have its own constitution, with a procedure for making future amendments to it, and with a Charter of Rights. ref Lorimer, James Introduction , The Supreme Court Decisions on the Canadian Constitution , 1981, pp. vii. ref Eight Canadian provinces eventually came to oppose the government s plan. Three provincial governments Newfoundland, Quebec, and Manitoba asked for rulings from their provincial Courts of Appeal on the constitutionality of the federal government s proposed plan. ref Lorimer, James Introduction , The Supreme Court Decisions on the Canadian Constitution , 1981, pp. vii. ref Among their other reasons for opposing the plan to patriate the Constitution, these three provinces ... 1981 in case law Category 1981 in Canada canada law stub hu PatriationReference ... more details
Court of Canada . The PatriationReference Main PatriationReference The court ruled for the first ...Refimprove date February 2011 Patriation is a non legal term used in Canada to describe a process of constitution al change also known as homecoming of the constitution. Up until 1982, Canada was governed by a constitution that was a British law and could be changed only by an Act of the British Parliament. Patriation thus specifically refers to making the constitution amendable by Canada only, with no role for the Parliament of the United Kingdom to play in the amending process. Hence, patriation is associated with the adoption of the Amendments to the Constitution of Canada Canadian amending formula , and the corresponding acquisition of full sovereignty . The word patriation was invented in Canada and based upon the word repatriation , which means to return to one s country. As the Canadian Constitution was originally a British law, it could not return to Canada. ref Hogg, Peter W. Constitutional ... culminated in the Fulton Favreau formula , but without Quebec s endorsement, the patriation attempt failed. In 1968, Pearson was succeeded by Pierre Trudeau , who also advocated patriation. He made several attempts, including the Victoria Charter in 1971 and more proposed amendments in 1978. Patriation ... session of the 1981 Constitutional talks. Patriation was given a new impetus after the 1980 Quebec ... out of hand, and then threatened to take the case for patriation straight to the Parliament ... with the unilateral patriation of the Constitution the decision was 7 to 2 in favour . However ... as written law, and ruled that a unilateral patriation was not in accordance with constitutional ... the court as saying that patriation was legal, but not nice. The Conference The decision ... veto the decision. However, the Supreme Court issued Quebec Veto Reference a ruling on the matter ... hu Patriation ... more details
about help in citing references Wikipedia Citing sources the Wikipedia Reference Desk Wikipedia Reference desk Refimprove date April 2010 pp move indef Reference is derived from Middle English referren ... this root, including referee, reference, referendum , all retaining the basic meaning of the original ... reference is used in every sphere of human knowledge, adopting shades of meaning particular to the contexts ... form. This includes methods that intentionally hide the reference from some observers, as in cryptography . The following sections give specific usages of reference in different subjects. Knowledge ... science Main Reference computer science In computer science , Reference computer science reference ... variety of data structure s, such as linked list s. Generally, a reference is a value that enables ... of reference. Computer programming, programs & data Expand section date February 2011 The C programming language has a specific type of reference also referred to as a reference see reference C . Bibliographies Expand section date February 2011 Bibliographies are special reference work s that are used ... authors or researchers. Library and information sciences In a library , reference may refer to a dictionary , an encyclopedia or other reference work , that contains many brief articles that cover a broad scope of knowledge in one book, or a set of books. However, the word reference is also used to mean a book that cannot be taken from the room, or from the building. Many of the books in the reference department of a library are reference works, but some are books that are simply too large or valuable to loan out. Conversely, selected reference works may be shelved with other library circulation ... Uniform Resource Identifier URI . Librarians also conduct reference interview s at the library reference ... though virtual reference and digital reference services . Encyclopedias & books of facts Expand section date February 2011 Some published sources are produced as reference work s that allow ... more details
For reference questions in the context of libraries Reference interview In Canada Canadian Law of Canada law , a Reference Question is a submission by the Canadian government federal or a Provinces and territories ... Court or Court of Appeal. The process is very similar to the federal government reference questions .... Attorney General of Canada Reference Appeal 1912 A.C. 571, the role of the courts in references is not judicial ... Australia and the United States, eschew reference jurisdiction for their courts. In the U.S. ... took counsel from Canadian legal academics. Notable Federal Reference Questions As of 2005, there have been 75 federal references since 1892. Some of the most notable include Re Same Sex Marriage Reference re Same Sex Marriage , 2004 Reference re Secession of Quebec , 1998 2 S.C.R. 217 Reference re Quebec Sales Tax , 1994 Reference re Ng Extradition , 1991 Reference re David Milgaard Conviction , nowiki 1992 nowiki 1 S.C.R. 866 April 14, 1992 Reference re Manitoba Language Rights 1984 , 1985 1 S.C.R. 721 Reference re Upper Churchill Water Rights Reversion Act , 1984 Reference re Authority of Parliament in Relation to the Upper House , 1980 1 S.C.R. 54 The Senate Reference Anti Inflation Reference , 1976 Reference re Regina v. Coffin affair Coffin , 1956 S.C.R. 191 Reference re Persons of Japanese Race , 1946 S.C.R. 248 Re Eskimos , 1939 Reference re Alberta Statutes 1938 S.C.R. 100 Notable Provincial Reference Questions http scc.lexum.org en 2010 2010scc61 2010scc61.html Reference re Assisted Human Reproduction Act , 2010 SCC 61, 2010 3 S.C.R. 457 Reference re Firearms Act , 2000 1 S.C.R. 783 Reference re Provincial Court Judges , 1997 http scc.lexum.org en 1992 1992scr2 445 1992scr2 445.html Reference re Goods and Services Tax, 1992 nowiki nowiki 2 S.C.R. 44 Quebec Veto Reference , 1982 Reference re Resolution to Amend the Constitution , 1981 S.C.R. 753 The PatriationReference . Notable Imperial Reference Questions Labrador Boundary dispute Labrador Boundary Reference, 1927 ... more details
About a mental illness the album by Psyopus Ideas of Reference Ideas of reference and delusions of reference involve people having a belief or perception that irrelevant, unrelated or innocuous phenomena in the world refer to them directly or have special personal significance the notion that everything ... in Western Literature 2005 p. 117 ref In psychiatry, delusions of reference form part of the diagnostic ... like methamphetamine . Freudian views Sigmund Freud considered that ideas of reference illuminated ... of the superego is most clearly seen in ideas of reference and of being influenced....Delusions ... p. 430 1 ref Lacan similarly saw ideas of reference as linked to the unbalancing of the relation ..., validation rather than clinical condemnation of ideas of reference frequently took place, on the grounds for example that the patient s ideas of reference and influence and delusions ... 1969 p. 39 ref Laing also considered of the way in typical paranoid ideas of reference, the person ... with the patient reveals in fact that what tortures him is not so much his delusions of reference ... at all . ref Laing, p. 136 ref Delusions of reference Ideas of reference must be distinguished from delusions of reference, which may be similar in content but are held with greater conviction . ref P ... Adams, p. 540 ref At the same time, there may be transitions...to delusions from ideas of reference whereas abortive ideas of reference, in the beginning of their development or, in Schizotypal personality ... rigidly controlled by his superego...readily forms sensitive ideas of reference . A key ... of reference . ref A. C. P. Sims, Symptoms in the Mind 2003 p. 129 ref Within the focus of paranoia ... Emissary London 2010 p. 399 ref Examples Persons with ideas of reference may experience Believing ... method Personal boundaries Reference group Salvador Dali Surrealism References Reflist colwidth 40em references DEFAULTSORT Ideas Of Reference Category Delusional disorder Category Medical signs nl ... more details
Reference frame may refer to Frame of reference , in physics Reference frame video , frames of a compressed video that are used to define future frames disambig ... more details
Point of reference is the intentional use of one thing to indicate something else. It may refer to Reference point General usage Frame of reference Physics usage disambig ... more details
Reference date may mean Reference date United States business cycles See Epoch reference date for information on dates used as reference points for calendars and time standards disambig ... more details
Reference state is the intentional use of one thing to indicate something else. It may refer to Reference point General usage Standard state Chemistry usage disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date May 2009 A phantom reference is one of the strengths or levels of non strong reference strong reference defined in the Java programming language Java programming language the others being weak reference weak and soft reference soft . ref cite web title Package java.lang.ref url http docs.oracle.com javase 7 docs api java lang ref package summary.html work Java Platform, Standard Edition 7 API Specification publisher Oracle accessdate 12 December 2011 ref An object is phantomly referenced after it has been finalizer finalized , but before its allocated memory has been reclaimed. See also Weak reference Soft reference Circular reference Category Programming constructs Category Memory management compu lang stub cs Phantom reference References Reflist ... more details
Unreferenced date May 2009 In computer programming , a strong reference is a normal Reference computer science reference that protects the referred object from collection by a garbage collection computer science garbage collector . The term is used to distinguish the reference from weak reference s. Memory management navbox a Category Programming constructs Category Memory management compu lang stub ... more details
Infobox software name Reference Manager logo screenshot caption author developer Research Information Systems later acquired by Thomson Corporation Thomson ISI ResearchSoft released 1984 latest release version 12 latest release date 02 09 2008 latest preview version 12 latest preview date programming language operating system Microsoft Windows no versions for Mac or Linux platform language English language English status genre reference management software Reference management license Proprietary software Proprietary website http www.refman.com Reference Manager is a commercial reference management software package sold by Thomson Reuters . It was the first commercial software of its kind, originally ... Windows and later the Apple Macintosh . Operation How to section date October 2009 Reference Manager is most commonly used by people who want to share a central database of reference s and need to have .... Reference Manager offers different in text citation templates for each Reference Type. When writing papers, you may want to have a different in text citation style depending on the reference type you are citing, or journal you are writing for. For example, if you insert a reference for a Book which appears as Smith, 1999 , using Reference Manager you can also insert a reference for a Academic journal Journal , and it could appear differently, e.g. Smith, 1999 without the brackets . Reference ... Animals are also returned. Reference Manager Web Publisher allows publishing a reference databases ... references into their own bibliographic software. Others can even edit the reference information so ... and Web Services Description Language WSDL standard services. See also Comparison of reference management software External links http lists.adeptscience.co.uk refman Reference Manager Email List Archive http www.refman.com rmword2k7.asp Issues with Word 2007 Reference management software Category Reference management software Category Proprietary software Category Windows software software ... more details
Orphan date September 2010 The Reference 54 is a model of alto saxophone alto and tenor saxophone s, and part of the Selmer ReferenceReference series by musical instrument manufacturing company The Selmer Company Selmer . ref Cite web url http www.kesslermusic.com SelmerLeblanc referencesax.htm title Selmer Reference 54 & 36 Series Saxophones accessdate 17 May 2009 ref See also The Selmer Company References Reflist Woodwind instrument stub Category Musical instrument manufacturing companies Category Saxophones ... more details
A reference circuit is a hypothetical electric circuit of specified equivalent length and computer configuration configuration , and having a defined transmission characteristic or characteristics, used primarily as a reference for measuring the performance of other, i.e., real, circuits or as a guide for planning and engineering of circuits and networks. Normally, several types of reference circuits are defined, with different configurations, because Telecommunication communications are required over a wide range of distances. Another type of reference circuit shows how to configure integrated circuits into function blocks, which Analog Devices provides for electrical design engineers. Analog Devices Circuits from the Lab reference circuits are fully tested and come with the schematics, evaluation boards, and device drivers necessary for system integration. A group of related reference circuits is also called a reference system . References FS1037C MS188 See also netlist SPICE Category Electronic circuits ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 A reference library does not lend books and other items instead, they must be read at the library itself. Typically such libraries are used for research purposes, for example at a university . See List of closed stack libraries . Some items at reference libraries may be historical and even unique. Examples of reference libraries include the British Library in London and the Bodleian Library at Oxford University . See also Lending library Research library DEFAULTSORT Reference Library Category Types of library Category Research libraries Reference library Library stub zh ... more details
Reference data are data describing a physical or virtual object and its properties. fact date April 2008 Reference data are usually described with nouns. fact date April 2008 Reference data is used in data management to define characteristics of an identifier that are used within other data centric processes. For example reference data within finance might be a product master or a security master. Typical reference data are Physical products, material, assets, customers, locations Virtual cost centers, planned buildings Reference data can change over time via transactions described in transaction data . E.g. a logistical transaction can change the location of an object, a financial transaction like adding tax can change the price of an object and a series of work transaction can change a virtual object like a planned building into a physical object. Master reference data A special type of reference data is master reference data these are reference data shared over a number of systems. Some master reference data are universal like the list of Country Countries and can be covered by a global standard in this case ISO 3166 1 . Master data and Master reference data Master reference data are sometimes called Master Data . This usage of the term Master data should be avoided, fact date April 2008 since Master data is also the term used for original data , like an original recording see also Master Tape . Master data is collected on a http www.polarlake.com reference data management introduction Data Management Platform . The platform enables the acquisition, management and distribution of vendor and internally sourced Reference Data. See also Data modeling Master Data Management Enterprise bookmarking Data architecture Transaction data Category Data management de Stammdaten ... more details
A soft reference is one of the strengths or levels of non strong reference strong reference defined in the Java programming language Java programming language , the others being weak reference weak and phantom reference phantom . The Garbage collection computer science garbage collector will always collect weakly referenced objects, but will only collect softly referenced objects when its algorithms decide that memory is low enough to warrant it. Soft and weak references provide two quasi priorities for non strongly referenced objects. Soft references may be used, for example, when writing a cache weakly referenced objects may disappear too quickly to make the cache useful. See also Weak reference Phantom reference Circular reference External links http www.pawlan.com monica articles refobjs Java developer article Reference Objects and Garbage Collection http weblogs.java.net blog enicholas archive 2006 05 understanding w.html Understanding Weak References Category Data types Category Memory management compu lang stub ... more details
Multiple issues tone August 2008 unreferenced August 2008 The Creditor Reference also called the Structured Creditor Reference is an international business standard based on International Organization for Standardization ISO 11649, implemented at the end of 2008. Using Creditor Reference, a company can automatically match its remittance information to its accounts receivable A R . This means that the company s financial supply chain s Straight through processing STP will be increased. The Creditor Reference was first implemented within the Single Euro Payments Area SEPA rulebook 3.2. Implementation A vendor adds the Creditor Reference to its invoices. When a customer pays the invoice, the company writes the Creditor Reference instead of the invoice number in the message section, or places a Creditor Reference field in its payment ledger. When the vendor receives the payment, it can automatically match the remittance information to its Accounts Receivable system. Structure The Creditor Reference is an alphanumeric string, 25 characters long, with the letters RF at the beginning. After the letters are two check digits, which confirm that the reference will be entered correctly. The remaining part of the Creditor Reference up to 21 alphanumeric characters is the Reference. The content of the Creditor Reference can be determined without any restrictions. Example RF 18 5390 0754 7034 in this example, the check digits are 18 References reflist External links http www.europeanpaymentscouncil.eu knowledge bank detail.cfm?documents id 144 European Payment Council s Creditor Reference pages http www.iso.org ISO white papers https www.swiftcommunity.net communities detail.cfm?communityId 106 SWIFT Community requires registration http www.jknc.eu RFcalculator Creditor Reference Calculator http www.scopulus.co.uk Business Resources Category Business economics Category ISO standards ... more details
Mergefrom Recommendation letter date December 2008 A reference letter or letter of reference is a letter in which the writer makes a general assessment of the qualities, characteristics, and capabilities of a person, or confirms details about that individual s situation or circumstances. Reference letters are different from Letter of recommendation recommendation letters in the sense that they are usually more general in nature and are not normally addressed to a specific requestor. Normally, letters of reference are addressed as To Whom It May Concern or Dear Sir Madam . Letters of reference typically include character related, college program admission related, Employment reference letter employment related , or general purpose letters. External links wikiHow Write a Letter of Recommendation Write a Letter of Recommendation Category Letters message de Empfehlungsschreiben ... more details
A reference card or quick reference card is a concise bundling of common syntax syntactic rules and idiom s of a particular formal language . It serves as an ad hoc memory aid for an experienced user . In spite of what the name reference card suggest, the term only tends to be used in the narrow context of programming language s or markup language s. However, this concept is now being adopted to portray concise information in many other fields. Appearance Due to its logical structure and conciseness, finding information in a reference card is trivial for humans and requires no computer interaction. It is therefore convenient for a user to printing print out a reference card. This in contrast to user guide s, which tend to be large & verbose and to have a very low information density in comparison to reference cards . Examples Wikimedia wiki syntax ref card meta Help Reference card A LaTeX http www.stdout.org winston latex latexsheet.pdf reference sheet PDF An AMS LaTeX http www control.eng.cam.ac.uk pcr20 latex LaTeXRefCard.v1.0.pdf PDF An R programming language R reference card http cran.r project.org doc contrib Short refcard.pdf PDF An R programming language R reference card for data mining http www.rdatamining.com docs PDF See also Cheat sheet User guide External links http refcards.com The refcards.com collection of reference cards http www.digilife.be quickreferences quickrefs.htm Collection of reference cards http devcheatsheet.com Directory of cheat sheets and quick reference cards Category Technical communication compu stub pl ci ga Inne rodzaje ci g pt Cart o de refer ncia sv Lathund ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 A reference collection is a collecting collection of objects maintained for the purpose of study and authentication. Reference collections are generally large undertakings maintained by institutions instead of having a single representative of each object, they will typically have multiples, so as to illustrate variations and, sometimes, provide samples for comparisons. For human created objects such as postage stamp s or coin s, a good reference collection will also include an assortment of carefully labelled fakes and forgeries. Since the purpose is study rather than personal gratification or display, a reference collection values damaged objects as much as the pristine in fact, organizations maintaining reference collections will encourage members to donate their damaged or poor condition items to the collection. In biology , reference collections, such as herbarium herbaria are an important sort of information about variations of populations within a species. They are also the repository of holotype s used as the official definition of species. In philately , reference collections are critical to expertization , since the characteristics differentiating authentic stamps from reprints, fakes, and forgeries are often too subtle to be described verbally. DEFAULTSORT Reference Collection Category Collecting ... more details
This article is about a kind of publication. Reference work may also refer to the work that librarians perform at a library reference desk . Unreferenced date May 2009 A reference work is a compendium of information, usually of a specific type, compiled in a book for ease of reference . That is, the information is intended to be quickly found when needed. Reference works are usually referred to for particular pieces of information, rather than read beginning to end. The writing style used in these works is informative the authors avoid use of the first person, and emphasize facts. index publishing Indexes are commonly provided in many types of reference work. Updated edition s are published as needed, in some cases annual publication annually . Typical reference works include dictionaries , encyclopedias , and compendia see further examples below . Many reference works are available in electronic form and can be obtained as software packages or online through the Internet . In comparison, a reference book or reference only book in a library is one that may only be used in the library and not borrowed from the library. Many such books are reference works in the first sense which are usually used only briefly or photocopied from, and therefore do not need to be borrowed. Keeping them in the library assures that they will always be available for use on demand. Other reference only books are ones that are too valuable to permit borrowers to take them out. Reference only items may be shelved in a reference collection located separately from library circulation circulating items, or individual reference only items may be shelved among items available for keeping. Further reading Bergenholtz, H., Nielsen, S., Tarp, S. eds. Lexicography at a Crossroads Dictionaries and Encyclopedias Today, Lexicographical Tools Tomorrow . Peter Lang 2009. ISBN 978 3 03911 799 4 Sandro Nielsen ... 189. Lexicography Category Lexicography Category Reference works af Naslaanwerk de Nachschlagewerk ... more details
code and code ref struct code pairs define managed reference types. On the Java software platform Java platform , all composite and user defined types are reference types. Only primitive type s are value types. Windows Component Object Model COM objects are Reference counting reference counted reference ... language Ruby , all types are reference types, including primitive types. DEFAULTSORT Reference ... more details
In fiber optic technology, a reference surface is that surface of an optical fiber that is used to contact the transverse alignment elements of a electronic component component such as a electrical connector connector or mechanical splice . For telecommunications grade fibers, the reference surface is the outer surface of the Cladding fiber optics cladding . For plastic clad silica PCS fibers, which have a strippable polymer cladding not to be confused with the polymer overcoat of an all silica fiber , the reference surface may be the Fiber optics Principle of operation core . References FS1037C Category Fiber optics optics stub ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Reference design refers to a technical blueprint of a system that is intended for others to copy. It contains the essential elements of the system however, Third party developer third parties may enhance or modify the design as required. ref cite web url http www.pcmag.com encyclopedia term 0,2542,t reference design&i 50334,00.asp publisher PC Magazine Encyclopedia accessdate20 December 2011 title Definition reference design ref Reference Design Packages enable a fast track to market thereby cutting costs and reducing risk in the customer s integration project. Reference designs enable customers to shorten their time to market. In this modern competitive world shortening the design cycle and speeding up the time to market is the major challenge faced by Original equipment manufacturer s OEMs . The main purpose of reference design is to support companies in development of next generation products using latest technologies. The reference product is proof of the platform concept and is usually targeted for specific applications. As the predominant customer for reference designs are OEM s, many reference designs are created by technology component vendors, whether hardware or software, as a means to increase the likelihood that their product will be designed into the OEM s product, giving them a competitive advantage. Examples NanoBook , a reference design of a miniature laptop Open source hardware also Category Open hardware RONJA , a free and open telecommunication technology free Internet VIA OpenBook , a free and open reference design of a laptop References Reflist Use dmy dates date December 2011 DEFAULTSORT Reference Design Category Electronics manufacturing Electronics stub sv Referensdesign ... more details
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