Refimprove date August 2007 Buddhism In Buddhism , the Patimokkha is the basic Theravada code of monastic discipline, consisting of 227 rules for fully ordained monks bhikkhu s and 311 for nuns bhikkhuni s . It is contained in the Suttavibhanga , a division of the Vinaya Pitaka . Parajika The four parajikas defeats are rules entailing expulsion from the sangha for life. If a monk breaks any one of the rules he is automatically defeated in the holy life and falls from monkhood immediately. He is not allowed to become a monk again in his lifetime. Intention is necessary in all these four cases to constitute an offence. The four parajikas for bhikkus are Sexual intercourse, that is, any voluntary sexual interaction between a bhikku and a living being, except for mouth to mouth intercourse which falls under the Sanghadisesa Stealing, that is, the robbery of anything worth more than 1 24 troy ounce of gold as determined by local law Intentionally bringing about the death of a human being, even if it is still an embryo whether by killing the person, arranging for an assassin to kill the person, inciting the person to die, or describing the advantages of death ref From Buddhist Monastic Code 1, Chapter 4 Parajika. Copyright 1994, 2007 Thanissaro Bhikkhu Access to Insight edition 2007 ref Deliberately lying to another person that one has attained a superior human state, such as claiming to be an arahant when one knows one is not, or claiming to have attained one of the jhana s when one knows one hasn t Sanghadisesa The thirteen sanghadisesas are rules requiring an initial and subsequent meeting of the sangha communal meetings . If the monk breaks any rule here he has to undergo a period of probation or discipline after which, if he shows himself to be repentant, he may be reinstated ... bmc1 index.html Buddhist Monastic Code I The Patimokkha Rules Translated and Explained. By Thanissaro ... Ordensregeln nl Patimokkha sv Pratimoksha th zh ... more details
Siladharas are an order of Theravadin Buddhist nuns in the Thai Forest Tradition . The order, in modern times, exists at Amaravati Buddhist Monastery and Chithurst Buddhist Monastery in England , but originated centuries ago, in India and Sri Lanka . Siladharas uphold the 10 precepts , as well as specific rules from the bhikkhuni patimokkha . See also Bhikkhuni Dasa sil mata Sangha http www.saranaloka.org Saranaloka Foundation for more information on the current Siladhara nuns. Category Buddhist sangha Category Thai Forest Tradition Category Religion in Sri Lanka Category Theravada Category Religious occupations ... more details
TheravadaBuddhism PaliCanon Parivara Pali for accessory is the third and last book of the Theravada Theravadin Vinaya Pitaka . It includes a summary and multiple analyses of the various rules identified in the Vinaya Pitaka s first two books, the Suttavibhanga and the Khandhaka , primarily for didactic purposes. As it includes a long list of teachers in Ceylon, even Theravada fundamentalists recognize that, at least in its present form, it is of late date. Scholars give it a late date, some suggesting it may be even later than the Buddhist Councils Fourth Council in Ceylon in the last century BCE , at which the Pali Canon was written down from oral tradition ref This work the Parivara is in fact a very much later composition, and probably the work of a Ceylonese Thera. from Book of the Discipline , volume VI, page ix translators introduction ref . Translation The Book of the Discipline , tr I. B. Horner, volume VI, 1966, Pali Text Society http www.palitext.com , Lancaster The book is in 19 chapters catechisms on the rules of the monks Patimokkha similar on the nuns rules verse summary of origins an action can be originated by body and or speech, in each of the three cases with oir without intention, making six origins in all this chapter goes through all the Patimokkha rules for monks and nuns, saying which of these six are possible in two parts repetitions on types of legal case involved in offences which rules for settling disputes are to be applied to legal cases questions on Khandhaka lists arranged numerically cf. Anguttara Nikaya in two parts beginning the recitation of the Patimokkha exposition of reasons for rules collection of stanzas on legal cases additional collection of stanzas mainly on reproving on reproving lesser collection on disputes greater collection on disputes kathina the process of making up robes Upali asks the Buddha questions, the answers being lists of five another chapter on origins second sic collection of stanzas sweat inducing stanzas ... more details
, to recite Patimokkha Code of Discipline and to participate in a Kathina ceremony. This marked the first gathering of Theravada bhikkhunis outside of Asia to recite the Patimokkha Code of Discipline ... united and in harmony. This is the main significance of the Patimokkha Recitation Gathering ... Freedom November 2007 The First Recitation of the Bhikkhuni Patimokkha within the Theravada Bhikkhuni ... winter2011 turning back towards freedom winter2011.pdf ref Two days after the Patimokkha recitation ... more details
for the concept automobile General Motors Precept A precept from the lang la pr cipere , to teach is a commandment , instruction, or order intended as an authority authoritative rule of action. Religion In religion , precepts are usually commands respecting morality moral conduct. Christianity The term is encountered frequently in the Jewish and Christian Scripture s e.g. quote Thou hast commanded thy precepts to be kept diligently. O that my ways may be steadfast in keeping thy statutes Psalm 119 Psalm 119 118 4 5 Revised Standard Version RSV The term given in the RSV as precepts corresponds with the reading in the Hebrew Bible. The Septuagint Samuel Rengster edition has Greek language Greek entolas , which, too, may be rendered with precepts . Roman Catholic Canon law Catholic Church Canon law , which is based on Roman Law , makes a distinction between precept and law in Canon 49 Quote A singular precept is a decree which directly and legitimately enjoins a specific person or persons to do or omit something, especially in order to urge the observance of law. Also in Catholicism, the Commandments of the Church may also be called Precepts of the Church . Buddhism main Buddhist precepts In Buddhism , the fundamental code of ethics is known as the The Five Precepts Five Precepts Pa ca la in Sanskrit, or Pa cas la in P li , practiced by laypeople, either for a given period of time or for a lifetime. There are other levels of precepts, varying amongst traditions. In Theravada n tradition there are Eight Precepts , Ten Precepts Buddhism Ten Precepts and the Patimokkha . Eight Precepts are a more rigorous practice for laypeople. Ten Precepts are the training rules for samanera s male and samaneri s female , novice monk s and nun s. And the Patimokkha is the basic Theravada code of monastic discipline, consisting of 227 rules for monks bhikkhu s and 311 for nuns bhikkhuni s . Secular law In secular law , a precept is a command in writing a species of writ issuing from a c ... more details
. Patimokkha main Patimokkha Vinaya is the specific moral code for nuns and monks . It includes the patimokkha , a set of rules 227 for monks in the Therav din recension . The precise content of the vinayapitaka ... more details
Wiktionarypar code of conduct A code of conduct is a set of Procedural law rule s outlining the responsibilities of or proper practices for an individual or organization. Related concepts include ethical code s and honor code s. In its 2007 International Good Practice Guidance, Defining and Developing an Effective Code of Conduct for Organizations , the International Federation of Accountants ref http www.ifac.org ref provided the following working definition Principles, values, standards, or rules of behavior that guide the decisions, procedures and systems of an organization in a way that a contributes to the welfare of its key stakeholders, and b respects the rights of all constituents affected by its operations. Examples Code of Conduct for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and NGOs in Disaster Relief Code of the U.S. Fighting Force Declaration of Geneva Eight Precepts Ethic of reciprocity Golden Rule Five Pillars of Islam Five Precepts Hippocratic Oath ICC Cricket Code of Conduct International Code of Conduct against Ballistic Missile Proliferation ICOC or Hague Code of Conduct Israel Defense Forces Code of Conduct Israel Defense Forces Code of Conduct Journalist s Creed Moral Code of the Builder of Communism Patimokkha Pirate code of the Brethren Rule of St. Benedict Silver Rule Ten Commandments Ten Indian commandments Ten Precepts Buddhism Ten Precepts Taoism https launchpad.net codeofconduct 1.1 Ubuntu Code of Conduct Warrior code Bushid Uniform Code of Military Justice Aviators Model Code of Conduct http kevissimo.gigsville.org coc.htm Gigsville Code of Conduct As title Code of Conduct 2001 film 2001 film starring Kevin Bacon Code of Conduct affiliate marketing Title of the 2002 agreement between affiliate networks Code of Conduct 1999 book book by Kristine Smith , nominated for the 1999 Philip K. Dick Award Code of Conduct 2008 book book by Rich Merritt References reflist Category Codes of conduct Code of conduct de Verhaltenskodex nl ... more details
peoplepalicanon A samaneri P li language is a novice Buddhist nun , who lives according to the Ten Precepts Buddhism ten precepts . Male novices are called samanera s. A woman is to be ordained, according to Theravada tradition, by both a monk and a nun, first as a samaneri. After a year or at the age of 20, she will be ordained as a full bhikkhuni . The Theravada vinaya has 311 rules of discipline for bhikkhunis. Within China Chinese society, as an example, members of the Sangha are expected to renounce family connections and accept the Sangha as their family. The language of Buddhism is Pali, written is Sanskrit . See also Sangha Ordination process Ordination Process anagarika pre ordaination Buddhism Nuns International Congress on Buddhist Women s Role in the Sangha Sangha World Buddhist Sangha Council External links http www.accesstoinsight.org tipitaka vin sv bhikkhuni pati.html The Bhikkhunis Code of Discipline Bhikkhuni Patimokkha Translated from the Pali by Thanissaro Bhikkhu http www.accesstoinsight.org lib authors thanissaro bmc2 ch23.html Buddhist Monastic Code II Bhikkhunis http santifm1.0.googlepages.com writings the website of Santi Forest Monastery contains several ancient and modern texts on the role and ordination of women in Buddhism. http bhikkhunicommittee.googlepages.com Bhikkhuni committee of the ASA includes a large resource of articles regarding Bhikkhunis http www.buddhamind.info leftside monastic train.htm Monastic Resources Training http www.buddhapadipa.org pages buddhism femalemonksinbuddhism.html Female Monks In Buddhism , by Dhammacaro 07 23 2005 . http www.tipitaka.net tipitaka spectra vinaya pitaka Vinaya Pitaka , brief description includes Order of ordination for men and women.... buddhism2 Buddhism topics Category Buddhist sangha Category P li words and phrases Category Women s rights in religious movements Category Buddhist titles Category Beginners and newcomers Buddhism stub ... more details
TheravadaBuddhism The subcommentaries tika, & 7789 k are commentaries on the Atthakatha commentaries on the Pali Canon of Theravada Buddhism. They continue the commentaries development of the traditional interpretation of the scriptures. The official Burmese collected edition contains the following texts ref cite web title Buddhist literatures in archives url http web.ukonline.co.uk buddhism archive.htm ref Paramatthamanjusa, tika by Dhammapala on Buddhaghosa s Visuddhimagga scholars have not yet settled which Dhammapala this is Three tikas on the Samantapasadika, commentary on the Vinaya Pitaka Tika by Vajirabuddhi Saratthadipani by Sariputta 12th century Vimativinodani by Kassapa 13th century Two tikas on the Kankhavitarani, commentary on the Patimokkha Tikas by Dhammapala on Buddhaghosa s Sumangalavilasini, Papancasudani and Saratthapakasini, commentaries on the Digha Nikaya Digha , Majjhima Nikaya Majjhima and Samyutta Nikaya s it is generally considered by scholars that this is a different Dhammapala from the one who wrote commentaries Visuddha jana vilasini by Nanabhivamsa, head of the Burmese sangha, about 1800 a new partial tika on the Sumangalavilasini, covering only the first volume of the Digha Saratthamanjusa by Sariputta on Buddhaghosa s Manorathapurani on the Anguttara Nikaya Nettitika on Dhammapala s commentary on the Nettipakarana Netti Nettivibhavini by a 16th century Burmese author whose name is given in different manuscripts as Saddhamma , Samanta or Sambandha pala this is not a new tika on the Netti commentary, but a new commentary on the Netti itself Mulatika by Ananda on the commentaries on the Abhidhamma Pitaka Anutika on the Mulatika There are other tikas without this official recognition, some printed, some surviving in manuscript, some apparently lost. The name tika is also applied to commentaries on all non canonical works, such as the Mahavamsa . There are also some subcommentaries in vernacular languages. Extracts from some of these wo ... more details
Kenneth Roy Norman born 1925 is a leading scholar of Middle Indo Aryan or Prakrit, particularly of Pali . He saw military service in India and Malaya and studied classics at Cambridge University, and spent most of his career teaching Prakrit at Cambridge University . He was a visiting professor at SOAS and Berkeley, and President of the Pali Text Society from 1981 to 1994. He is a Fellow of the British Academy . Books Elders Verses , 2 vols, 1969 71, Pali Text Society translation of Theragatha and Therigatha Pali Literature , Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden, 1983 The Group of Discourses , Pali Text Society translation of Sutta Nipata The Word of the Doctrine , Pali Text Society translation of Dhammapada A Philological Approach to Buddhism , SOAS, London reprinted by Pali Text Society Patimokkha , edition & translation with William Pruitt, Pali Text Society Collected Papers , 8 vols so far, Pali Text Society translation of Kankhavitarani with William Pruitt, in preparation Articles Notes on the Asokan Rock Edicts . Indo Iranian Journal Vol 10, 1967 References NORMAN, Prof. Kenneth Roy . 2010 . In Who s Who . http www.ukwhoswho.com view article oupww whoswho U29663 Online edition . Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Norman, Kenneth Roy ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Norman, Kenneth Roy Category Living people Category 1925 births Category British Indologists ... more details
Mori et al. 1994 and Burmese The Patimokkha Pruitt & Norman 2001, page xxxvi and its commentary ... style background ADFF2F color black colspan 2 Patimokkha Kankhavitarani Suttapitaka commentaries ... Patimokkha tr K. R. Norman , 2001, PTS, Oxford Kankhavitarani translation by K. R. Norman & William ... 2001 . The Patimokkha , Oxford, Pali Text Society T. W. Rhys Davids Rhys Davids , T.W. & William ... more details
the monks to give teachings to the laypeople on this day, and told the monks to recite the Patimokkha ... 1881 , p. 281. ref the local Sangha will recite the Patimokkha . Before the recitation starts ... See, for instance, Buddhadatta 2002 , p. 63, and Bullitt 2005 . ref Depending on the speed of the Patimokkha ... he delivered the Ovada Patimokkha Gatha. ref The three line Ovada Patimokkha Gatha Pali Patimokkha ... more details
Merge Wan Awk Pansa date December 2008 Pavarana is a Buddhist holy day celebrated on the full moon of the eleventh lunar month . It marks the end of the month of Vassa , sometimes called Buddhist Lent. This day marks the end of the rainy season in some Asian countries like Thailand , where Theravada Buddhism is practiced. On this day, each monk Pali bhikkhu must come before the community of monks Sangha and atone for an offense he may have committed during the Vassa. Most Mahayana Buddhists do not observe Vassa, though many Son Thien monks in Korea and Vietnam do observe an equivalent retreat of three months of intensive practice in one location. Origins In India, where Buddhism began, there is a three month long rainy season. According to the Vinaya Mahavagga, Fourth Khandhaka, section I , in the time of the Buddha, once during this rainy season, a group of normally wandering monks sought shelter by co habitating in a residence. In order to minimize potential inter personal strife while co habitating, the monks agreed to remain silent for the entire three months and agreed upon a non verbal means for sharing alms. After this rains retreat, when the Buddha learned of the monks silence, he described such a measure as foolish. Instead, the Buddha instituted the Pavarana Ceremony as a means for dealing with potential conflict and breaches of disciplinary rules Patimokkha during the vassa season. The Buddha said I prescribe, O Bhikkhus, that the Bhikkhus, when they have finished their Vassa residence, hold Pav ran with each other in these three ways by what offence has been seen, or by what has been heard, or by what is suspected. Hence it will result that you live in accord with each other, that you atone for the offences you have committed , and that you keep the rules of discipline before your eyes. And you ought, O Bhikkhus, to hold Pav ran in this way Let a learned, competent Bhikkhu proclaim the following atti motion before the Samgha Let the Samgha, reverend S ... more details
Parami float right Kshanti or IAST k nti Sanskrit Skt. or khanti Pali P li is patience, forbearance and forgiveness. ref Rhys Davids & Stede 1921 25 , p. 232, entry for http dsal.uchicago.edu cgi bin philologic getobject.pl?c.1 1 942.pali Khanti & Khant retrieved 3 Jul 2007 . ref It is one of the practices of paramita perfection Skt. Pali p ramit of both Theravada Therav da and Mahayana Mah y na Buddhism . It is the practice of exercising patience toward behavior or situations that might not necessarily deserve it and is seen as a conscious choice to actively give patience as if a gift, rather than being in a state of oppression in which one feels obligated to act in such a way. Canonical sources Examples in the Pali Canon P li canon identify using forbearance in response to others anger, cuckolding, torture and even fatal assaults. Dhammapada verses Khanti is the first word of the Ovada Patimokkha Gatha P li for Patimokkha Exhortation Verse , also found in the Dhammapada , verse 184 cellpadding 10 style text align left Patient endurance br the foremost austerity. br Unbinding br the foremost, br so say the Awakened. br He who injures another br is no contemplative. br He who mistreats another, br no monk. ref http www.accesstoinsight.org tipitaka kn dhp dhp.14.than.html dhp 183 Thanissaro 1997b . Note that, while the versification used here is that used by Thanissaro, this English translation does not line up exactly in terms of word order with the parallel P li text thus, the breaks in the P li text here are inserted more for visual consonance with Thanissaro s versification than to provide a word for word translation of the same line of English. ref IAST Khant br IAST parama tapo t tikkh br IAST Nibb na br IAST parama br IAST vadanti buddh , br IAST Na hi pabbajito br IAST par pagh t br IAST Sama o hoti br IAST para vihe hayanto ref This Pali is from the IAST Ov da P imokkha G th in http www.accesstoinsight.org lib authors dhammayut chanting.html ova ... more details
Public holiday s in Thailand are regulated by the Government of Thailand government , and most are observed by both the public and private sectors. There are usually sixteen public holidays in a year, but more may be declared by the Cabinet of Thailand cabinet . Since 1996, if a holiday falls on a weekend, the following workday s is are observed as a compensatory non workday, subject to the cabinet s declarations. Other observances, both official and non official, local and international, are observed in varying degrees throughout the country. Public holidays class wikitable Date Name Local name Remarks 1 January New Year s Day lang th RTGS Wan Khuen Pi Mai Celebrates beginning of the Thai solar calendar solar and Gregorian calendar Gregorian year. From 1889 1941, this was held on 1 April. Full moon , 3rd Thai lunar calendar Thai lunar month February ref lunar month b Magha Puja lang th Wan Makha Bucha Buddhism Buddhist observance commemorating the Gautama Buddha Buddha s teaching of Ovada Patimokkha. ref The three line Ovada Patimokkha Gatha Pali Patimokkha Exhortation Verse translated in http www.accesstoinsight.org lib authors dhammayut chanting.html ovada Dhammayut Order in the United States of America, 1994 includes the Buddha s famous dictum Not doing any evil, doing what is skillful, purifying one s own mind, this is the Buddha s teaching. This verse is familiar to many Westerners because it is rehashed in the widely popular Dhammapada , chapter XIV, verses 183 85 http www.accesstoinsight.org tipitaka kn dhp dhp.14.than.html dhp 183 Thanissaro, 1997a . ref 6 April Chakri Memorial Day lang th Wan Chakkri Commemorates the establishment of the Chakri Dynasty and the founding of Bangkok by Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke King Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke in 1782. Officially known as King Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke the Great Day and Chakri Dynasty Memorial Day lang th . 13 April 15 ... more details
Euthanasia There are many different views about Buddhism and euthanasia , many of which are critical of the procedure. Theravada Buddhism In Theravada Buddhism a upasaka lay person daily recites the simple formula I undertake the precept to abstain from destroying living beings. ref This is the first of the Five Precepts . It has various interpretations. ref For Buddhist monastics bhikkhu however the rules are more explicitly spelled out. For example, in the monastic code Patimokkha , it states Should any bhikkhu intentionally deprive a human being of life, or search for an assassin for him, or praise the advantages of death, or incite him to die thus My good man, what use is this wretched, miserable life to you? Death would be better for you than life, or with such an idea in mind, such a purpose in mind, should in various ways praise the advantages of death or incite him to die, he also is defeated and no longer in communion. ref name ThanissaroParajika Thanissaro Bhikkhu 1994 . Buddhist Monastic Code I Chapter 4, Parajika . Retrieved 2007 11 11 from Access to Insight at http www.accesstoinsight.org lib authors thanissaro bmc1 ch04.html. ref Expulsion In other words, such a monk or nun would be expelled irrevocably from the Buddhist monastic community sangha . ref There are only four offenses parajika that could lead to such an expulsion for a monk eight such offenses for a nun bhikkhuni . The other three parajika for monks are engaging in a sexual act stealing and, falsely claiming to have achieved advanced spiritual states such as jhana jhanic absorptions or nibbana Thanissaro 1994 . ref The prohibition against assisting another in their death includes circumstances when a monastic is caring for the terminally ill and extends to a prohibition against a monastic s purposively hastening another s death through word, action or treatment. ref name ThanissaroParajika Thanissaro Bhikkhu American Buddhist monk Thanissaro Bhikkhu wrote Thus, from the Buddha s perspectiv ... more details
precept levels Five Precepts , Eight Precepts , Ten Precepts Buddhism Ten Precepts and the Patimokkha ... , novice monk s and nun s. The Patimokkha is the basic Theravada code of monastic discipline, consisting ... more details
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