Refimprove date December 2008 Pathognomonic often misspelled as pathognomic and sometimes as pathomnemonic , synonym to pathopneumonic is a term, often used in medicine , that means characteristic for a particular disease . A pathognomonic Medical sign sign is a particular sign whose presence means that a particular disease is present beyond any doubt. Labelling a sign or symptom pathognomonic represents a marked intensification of a diagnostic sign or symptom. The word is an adjective of Greek language Greek origin , derived from p thos meaning disease and gn mon meaning judge . Practical use While some findings may be classic, typical or highly suggestive in a certain condition, they may not occur uniquely in this condition and therefore may not directly imply a specific diagnosis. A pathognomonic sign or symptom has very high sensitivity and specificity specificity but does not need to have high sensitivity and specificity sensitivity for example it can sometimes be absent in a certain disease, since the term only implies that, when it is present, the doctor instantly knows the patient s illness. The presence of a pathognomonic finding, on the other hand, allows immediate diagnosis, since there are no other conditions in the differential diagnosis . Singular pathognomonic signs are relatively uncommon. Examples of pathognomonic findings include Koplik s spots inside the mouth in measles , the palmar xanthoma ta seen on the hands of people suffering from hyperlipoproteinemia , or a tetrad of rash , arthralgia , abdominal pain and kidney disease in a child with Henoch Sch nlein purpura . As opposed to symptom s reported subjectively by the patient ... need for a report a larger number of medical test results are pathognomonic. A example is the hypersegmented ... of closely related disease states . More often a test result is pathognomonic only because there has ... 10.1093 jnci djq439 ref Examples Very few of the examples here are pathognomonic in the true sense ... more details
wiktionarypar hobnail A hobnail is a short nail with a thick head used to increase the durability of boot soles. Hobnail may also refer to A pattern of glassware sometimes called Fenton Hobnail where the body of the piece has a regular array of bumps, as if finished with glass hobnails A popular song from 1907, performed by Billy Williams music hall performer Billy Williams Hobnailed liver is medical jargon for Cirrhosis cirrhosis of the liver A term used to describe cellular morphology pathognomonic for clear cell adenocarcinoma of the ovary disambig ... more details
Image CharlesBell001.jpg thumb right Sir Charles Bell Bell s phenomenon is a medical sign that allows observers to notice an upward and outward movement of the human eye eye , when an attempt is made to close the eyes. The upward movement of the eye is present in the majority of the population, and is a defensive mechanism. ref Bell s phenomenon should not be regarded as a pathognomonic sign. BMJ. 2001 October 20 323 7318 935 ref The phenomenon is named after the Scotland Scottish anatomist , surgery surgeon , and physiologist Charles Bell . Bell s phenomenon is a normal defence reflex present in about 75 of the population, resulting in elevation of the globes when blinking or when threatened e.g. when an attempt is made to touch a patient s cornea . It becomes noticeable only when the orbicularis oculi muscle becomes weak as in, for example, bilateral facial palsy associated with Guillain Barr syndrome . It is, however, present behind forcibly closed eyelids in most healthy people and should not be regarded as a pathognomonic sign. Top References 1.Smith J, Henderson B. Minerva. . BMJ. 2001 323 118. . 30 July. . Notes reflist Category Ophthalmology eye stub nl Symptoom van Bell ja pt Sinal de Bell ... more details
Charcot s neurologic triad is the combination of pathologic nystagmus nystagmus , intention tremor , and scanning or staccato speech. This triad is associated with multiple sclerosis , where it was first described ref WhoNamedIt synd 25 Charot s triad I ref however, it is not considered pathognomonic for it. It is named for Jean Martin Charcot . ref WhoNamedIt doctor 19 Jean Martin Charcot ref See also Charcot s triad fever, jaundice , right upper quadrant pain a triad found in cholangitis . References reflist Eponymous medical signs for nervous system Category Symptoms and signs Nervous system med sign stub de Charcot Trias Neurologie ... more details
For the FNST the patient lies prone, the knee is passively flexed to the thigh and the hip is passively extended the test is positive if the patient experiences anterior thigh pain. This test is usually strongly positive in patients with protrusions at L2 L3 and L3 L4, slightly positive or negative in L4 L5 disk protrusions and negative in cases with a lumbosacral protrusion. References Christodoulides AN. Ipsilateral Sciatica on Femoral Nerve Stretch Test is Pathognomonic of an L4 5 Disc protrusion. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1989 7l B 88 9. http web.jbjs.org.uk cgi reprint 71 B 1 88.pdf http www.youtube.com watch?v sUkNEfv4U6E http www.physio pedia.com index.php5?title Femoral Nerve Tension Test anatomy stub Category Neurology procedures ... more details
Image Michaelis Gutmann bodies very high mag cropped.jpg thumb right Micrograph showing Michaelis Gutmann bodies. H&E stain . Michaelis Gutmann bodies M G bodies are concentrically layered basophil basophilic inclusions found in the urinary tract . They are 2 to 10 m in diameter, and are thought to represent remnants of phagosome s mineralized by iron and calcium deposits. M G bodies are a pathognomonic feature of malakoplakia , an inflammatory condition that affects the genitourinary tract. They were discovered in 1902 by Leonor Michaelis and Carl Gutmann. References http www.journals.uchicago.edu CID journal issues v34n10 011351 011351.html University of Chicago Emerging Infections http www.whonamedit.com synd.cfm 2364.html Who Named It? M G bodies Category Urinary system med sign stub ... more details
Image Rabies Virus EM PHIL 1876.JPG thumb 250px Micrograph with numerous rabies virions small dark grey rod like particles and Negri bodies, larger pathognomonic cellular inclusions of rabies infection. Image Rabies encephalitis Negri bodies PHIL 3377 lores.jpg thumb 250px Description This micrograph depicts the histopathologic changes associated with rabies encephalitis prepared using an H&E stain. Note the Negri bodies, which are cellular inclusions found most frequently in the pyramidal cells of Ammon s horn, and the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. They are also found in the cells of the medulla and various other ganglia. Negri bodies are eosinophilic , sharply outlined, pathognomonic inclusion bodies 2&ndash 10 micrometre m in diameter found in the cytoplasm of certain nerve cell s containing the virus of rabies , especially in Ammon s horn of the hippocampus . Often also found in the cerebellar cortex of postmortem brain samples of rabies victims. They are named for Adelchi Negri . ref WhoNamedIt synd 2491 ref References Reflist External links eMedicineDictionary Negri bodies http pathmicro.med.sc.edu virol rabies.htm Slide at pathmicro.med.sc.edu see bottom http www.youtube.com watch?v NP5CYphae5Y See pathology video of Negri bodies Eponymous medical signs for infectious disease DEFAULTSORT Negri Bodies Category Histopathology Category Microbiology Category Rabies pathology stub fa it Corpi di Negri ja pl Cia ka Negriego pt Corp sculos de Negri sv Negrikroppar ... more details
SDB or sdb can stand for Safe deposit box , a type of safe IATA code of Saldanha Bay Airport, South Africa Salesians of Don Bosco , a Roman Catholic religious order Schiller Duval body , a pathologic finding pathognomonic for Endodermal sinus tumor Endodermal sinus tumors yolk sac tumors Seventh Day Baptist , a Christian denomination Sir Donald Bradman , a world famous cricketer for Australia Sleep Disordered Breathing Sleep Related Breathing Disorder , see Sleep and breathing GBU 39 Small Diameter Bomb or GBU 53 B , skinny precision guided munition guided bombs. Social Democratic League Sociaal Democratische Bond , a Dutch socialist political party Society for Developmental Biology , a professional society of scientists and physicians UDBA Structure SDB , Yugoslavian secret police SDB Strategicheskiy Dahl niy Bombardirovshchik strategic long range bomber Myasishchev M 4 Douglas SBD Dauntless , an American dive bomber from World War II Computing sdb debugger Symbolic Debugger , a debugger for C programs under Unix tt Device file Naming conventions dev sdb tt , the second SCSI, SATA or USB disk Solution Design brief Design Brief , a high level design document disambig de SDB it SDB nl SDB ja SDB pl SDB ... more details
Henning R nne May 25, 1878 September 28, 1947 was a Danish ophthalmologist . He studied medicine at the University of Copenhagen , where he graduated with an M.B. in 1903. Later he became an assistant to Jannik Petersen Bjerrum 1851 1920 , with whom he performed important studies in Perimetry campimetry . In 1910 he earned his medical doctorate, and in 1931 became a professor of ophthalmology at the University. Henning R nne specialized in the pathological anatomy of the eye, and is remembered for campimetric studies involving the eyes visual field . He also performed investigations concerning the primary visual centres of the midbrain . His name is lent to the eponymous R nne nasal step , which is a nasal visual field defect that is considered a pathognomonic sign of glaucoma . References http www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov articlerender.fcgi?artid 510782 British Journal of Ophthalmology biography Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Ronne, Henning ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH May 25, 1878 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH September 28, 1947 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Ronne, Henning Category Ophthalmologists Category University of Copenhagen faculty Category 1878 births Category 1947 deaths denmark scientist stub med bio stub ... more details
Orphan date March 2011 Macroovalocytes are enlarged, oval shaped erythrocytes red blood cells . They are not seen in healthy blood, and are most commonly seen in megaloblastic anemia . ref http medical dictionary.thefreedictionary.com macroovalocyte ref In most instances, the macroovalocyte morphology is due to megaloblastic erythropoiesis Vitamin B 12 or folate deficiency but may be seen with dyserythropoiesis. Although macroovalocytes are characteristic in these deficiency states, they are not pathognomonic. Poikilocytosis is often present, particularly in more advanced cases. If associated with hypersegmented granulocytes in the absence of other causes e.g. drugs , the findings are essentially diagnostic of Vitamin B 12 or folate deficiency. ref http www.healthsystem.virginia.edu internet hematology HessEDD benignhematologicdisorders redbloodcelldisorders macroovalocyte.cfm ref gallery Deleted image removed Image Macro ovalocyte 100x website arrow.jpg Peripheral blood smear, Wright Giemsa stain, 1000x. The arrow is pointing to a macroovalocyte, the smaller, circular cells are normal erythrocytes. ref http www.healthsystem.virginia.edu internet hematology HessEDD benignhematologicdisorders redbloodcelldisorders macroovalocyte.cfm ref gallery references Category Blood cells ... more details
pathognomonic for the condition. ref name Demetriades1986 cite journal author Demetriades ... ref, but only article I found and had access to that said Beck s triad is pathognomonic for acute ... more details
Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Caption DiseasesDB 1896 ICD10 ICD10 L 94 2 l 80 ICD9 ICD9 709.3 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj derm eMedicineTopic 66 MeshID Calcinosis cutis or cutaneous calcification is a type of calcinosis wherein calcium deposits form in the skin. A variety of factors can result in this condition. The most common source is dystrophic calcification , which occurs in soft tissue as a response to injury. In dogs, calcinosis cutis is virtually pathognomonic for Canine Cushing s syndrome . Types Calcinosis cutis may be divided into the following types ref name Andrews cite book author James, William D. Berger, Timothy G. et al. title Andrews Diseases of the Skin clinical Dermatology publisher Saunders Elsevier location year 2006 pages isbn 0 7216 2921 0 oclc doi accessdate ref rp 527 530 Dystrophic calcinosis cutis Metastatic calcinosis cutis Iatrogenic calcinosis cutis Traumatic calcinosis cutis Idiopathic scrotal calcinosis Subepidermal calcified nodule Tumoral calcinosis Osteoma cutis Causes Calcinosis may be the results of a variety of causes such as Trauma to the region Inflammation bug bites, acne Varicose veins Infections Tumors malignant or benign Diseases of connective tissue Hypercalcemia Hyperphosphatemia Gallery gallery Image Calcinosis cutis dog.jpg Calcinosis cutis in a dog with Cushing s syndrome gallery See also Calcinosis List of cutaneous conditions References reflist External links http tray.dermatology.uiowa.edu CalCut01.htm Localized connective tissue diseases Inborn errors of metal metabolism Cutaneous condition stub Category Skin conditions resulting from errors in metabolism ... more details
Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image GoutTophiElbow.JPG Caption A tophus on the elbow of a middle aged man with chronic gout. DiseasesDB 29389 ICD10 ICD9 ICD9 274.0 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID A tophus Latin stone , plural tophi is a deposit of uric acid monosodium urate crystal s in people with longstanding hyperuricemia high levels of uric acid in the blood . Tophi are pathognomonic for the disease gout . Most people with tophi have had previous attacks of acute arthritis, eventually leading to the formation of tophi. Tophi form in the joints , cartilage , bone s, and other places throughout the body. Sometimes, tophi break through the skin and appear as white or yellowish white, chalky Nodule dermatology nodules . Without treatment, tophi may develop on average about ten years after the onset of gout , although their first appearance can range from three to forty two years. They are more apt to appear early in the course of the disease in people who are older in age. In the elderly population, women appear to be at higher risk for tophi than men. Although less common, tophi can also form in the kidneys and nasal cartilage. Image Tophus in knee.jpg left thumb 400px A tophus inside a knee joint being removed by Arthroscopy arthroscopic surgery . Additional images gallery Image Gouty tophus intermed mag.jpg Micrograph of a gouty tophus. gallery See also Gout Pseudogout References Reflist 1 Category Rheumatology Category Gross pathology pathology stub es Tofo fr Tophus ru ... more details
In medicine , malar rash from Latin lang la mala jaw, cheek bone , also called butterfly rash , is a medical sign consisting of a characteristic form of facial rash. It is often seen in Lupus erythematosus but is not pathognomonic it is also seen in other diseases such as Pellagra , dermatomyositis and Bloom Syndrome . The malar rash of lupus is red or purplish and mildly scaly. Characteristically, it has the shape of a butterfly and involves the bridge of the nose. Notably, the rash spares the naso labial folds of the face, which contributes to its characteristic appearance. It is usually macular with sharp edges and not itchy. The rash can be transient or progressive with involvement of other parts of the facial skin. A malar rash is present in approximately 46 65 of lupus sufferers and varies between different populations. ref name Houman2004 cite journal author Houman M, Smiti Khanfir M, Ben Ghorbell I, Miled M title Systemic lupus erythematosus in Tunisia demographic and clinical analysis of 100 patients journal Lupus volume 13 issue 3 pages 204 11 year 2004 pmid 15119551 doi 10.1191 0961203303lu530xx ref ref name Houman2004 ref cite journal author Vil L, Alarc n G, McGwin G, Friedman A, Baethge B, Bastian H, Fessler B, Reveille J title Early clinical manifestations, disease activity and damage of systemic lupus erythematosus among two distinct U.S. Hispanic subpopulations journal Rheumatology Oxford volume 43 issue 3 pages 358 63 year 2004 pmid 14623949 doi 10.1093 rheumatology keh048 ref There are numerous other conditions which can cause rashes with a similar appearance. Where lupus is suspected further medical test s usually an anti nuclear antibody ANA as a screening test which is not specific for systemic lupus erythematosus and a detailed history and examination are necessary to differentiate it from other conditions. Trivia Pop singer Seal musician Seal has a malar rash on his face due to discoid lupus . References references External links http librar ... more details
Infobox disease Name Lupus pernio ICD10 ICD10 D 86 3 d 80 ILDS D86.340 ICD9 ICD9 135 ICDO Image Caption OMIM OMIM mult MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic DiseasesDB Lupus pernio is a Chronic medicine chronic raised indurated hardened lesion of the skin, often purplish in color. It resembles frostbite as it is seen on ear s, cheek s, lip s, Human nose nose , hand s, finger s and forehead . It is pathognomonic of sarcoidosis . ref name Andrews cite book author James, William D. Berger, Timothy G. et al. title Andrews Diseases of the Skin clinical Dermatology publisher Saunders Elsevier location year 2006 pages isbn 0 7216 2921 0 oclc doi accessdate ref rp 709 Microscopically, it resembles lupus vulgaris . Biopsy shows granulomatous infiltration. ref name Bolognia cite book author Rapini, Ronald P. Bolognia, Jean L. Jorizzo, Joseph L. title Dermatology 2 Volume Set publisher Mosby location St. Louis year 2007 pages isbn 1 4160 2999 0 oclc doi accessdate ref See also Lupus erythematosus Lupus vulgaris Paracoccidioidomycosis List of cutaneous conditions References reflist External links GPnotebook 1348861919 WhoNamedIt synd 844 http dermatlas.med.jhmi.edu derm result.cfm?Diagnosis 65 DermAtlas Sarcoidosis DEFAULTSORT Lupus Pernio Category Monocyte and macrophage related cutaneous conditions Cutaneous condition stub ar de Lupus pernio ... more details
Heinrich Vogt 23 April 1875, Regensburg 1936, Bad Pyrmont was a German neurologist . He published papers on tuberous sclerosis and Batten disease . Later he became a professor of psychiatry and published a handbook on the treatment of nervous diseases. In 1925, he moved to the spa town of Bad Pyrmont, where his interests moved onto balneotherapy . Vogt was amongst the first physicians to study juvenile amaurosis amaurotic familial idiocy Batten disease . He published two papers on the subject in 1905 and 1911. In 1908, Vogt published a paper Zur Diagnostik der tuber sen Sklerose The Diagnosis of Tuberous Sclerosis . He established three pathognomonic clinical medical sign signs for the condition epilepsy, idiocy and adenoma sebaceum. These became known as Vogt s triad and helped define the condition for the next 60 years. His two volume Handbuch der Therapie der Nervenkrankheiten Handbook on the Treatment of Nervous Diseases was published in 1916. See also Timeline of tuberous sclerosis References cite book author Stephen Ashwal title Founders of Child Neurology publisher Jeremy Norman Co date 1990 10 01 isbn 0 930405 26 9 cite web first Ole Daniel last Enersen url http www.whonamedit.com doctor.cfm 1050.html title Heinrich Vogt publisher Who Named It ? accessdate 2006 12 11 cite web first Ole Daniel last Enersen url http www.whonamedit.com synd.cfm 7.html title Stengel s syndrome publisher Who Named It? accessdate 2006 12 11 Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Vogt, Heinrich ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1875 04 23 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 1936 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Vogt, Heinrich Category 1875 births Category 1936 deaths Category People from Regensburg Category People from the Kingdom of Bavaria Category German physicians Germany med bio stub de Heinrich Vogt Neurologe pl Heinrich Vogt ... more details
Infobox disease Name Left posterior fascicular block Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 I 44 5 i 30 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID A left posterior fascicular block is a condition where the left posterior fascicle, i.e. the backside part of the left cardiac bundle, does not conduct the electrical impulses from the atrioventricular node . The electricity then has to go through the other fascicle, and thus is a frontal right axis deviation seen on the ECG . ref name urlLesson VI ECG Conduction Abnormalities cite web url http library.med.utah.edu kw ecg ecg outline Lesson6 index.html LPFB title Lesson VI ECG Conduction Abnormalities format work accessdate 2009 01 07 ref The deviation should be greater than 120 degrees and it is not a pathognomonic sign there are other conditions that can give the same picture. ref name urlConduction Blocks 2006 KCUMB cite web url http courses.kcumb.edu physio blocks index.htm title Conduction Blocks 2006 KCUMB work accessdate 2009 01 20 ref See also Left bundle branch block References reflist Further reading cite journal author Ma FS, Ma J, Tang K, et al. title Left posterior fascicular block a new endpoint of ablation for verapamil sensitive idiopathic ventricular tachycardia journal Chin. Med. J. volume 119 issue 5 pages 367 72 year 2006 month March pmid 16542578 doi url http www.cmj.org Periodical LinkIn.asp?journal Chinese 20Medical 20Journal&linkintype pubmed&year 2006&vol 119&issue 5&beginpage 367 Heart diseases Category Cardiac dysrhythmia medicine stub ... more details
Image Anitschkow Myocytes in an Aschoff Body, Rheumatic Myocarditis.jpg right thumb H&E stain demonstrating Anitschkow cells in rheumatic heart disease . In pathology , Anitschkow or Anichkov ref eMedicine med 3435 Rheumatic fever ref cells are cell biology cell s associated with, and pathognomonic for, rheumatic heart disease . ref name robbins cite book author Cotran, Ramzi S. Kumar, Vinay Fausto, Nelson Robbins, Stanley L. Abbas, Abul K. title Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease publisher Elsevier Saunders location St. Louis, MO year 2005 pages isbn 0 7216 0187 1 oclc doi ref Anitschkow cells are enlarged macrophage s found within granuloma s called Aschoff bodies associated with the disease. ref name robbins The cells are also called caterpillar cells , as they have a large amount of clear cytoplasm surrounding a rod shaped cell nucleus nucleus that to some resembles a caterpillar . ref name robbins Larger Anitschkow cells may coalesce to form multinucleated Aschoff giant cells . ref name robbins Anitschkow cells were named after the Russia n pathologist Nikolai Nikolajewitsch Anitschkow . ref WhoNamedIt synd 3315 Anitschkow s cell ref Squamous epithelial cell s with nuclear changes resembling Anitschkow cells have also been observed in recurrent aphthous stomatitis , iron deficiency anemia , children receiving chemotherapy , as well as in healthy individuals. ref name oralpath cite book author Hine, Maynard K. Shafer, William G. title A textbook of oral pathology publisher W.B.Saunders location Philadelphia year 1974 pages isbn 0 7216 2918 0 oclc doi accessdate ref ref name pmid1058615 cite journal author Wood TA, De Witt SH, Chu EW, Rabson AS, Graykowski EA title Anitschkow nuclear changes observed in oral smears journal Acta Cytologica volume 19 issue 5 pages 434 7 year 1975 pmid 1058615 doi url ref References reflist Eponymous medical signs for circulatory and respiratory systems Category Chronic rheumatic heart diseases pathology stub ... more details
A Schiller Duval body is a cellular structure seen by microscope in endodermal sinus tumor s yolk sac tumors which are the most common testicular cancer in children. Schiller Duval bodies are present in approximately 50 of these tumors, and if found are pathognomonic . ref Kumar, Abbas, Fausto. Pathologic Basis of Disease, 7th edition. Philadelphia Elsevier Saunders, 2005. 1042. ref They are named for Mathias Marie Duval and Walter Schiller ref http www.whonamedit.com synd.cfm 2831.html Schiller Duval bodies at whonamedit.com ref who described them in the late nineteenth century. ref Duval M. Le placenta des rongeurs. Journal de l anatomie et de la physiologie normales et pathologiques de l homme et des animaux, Paris, 1891, 27 24 73, 344 395, 513 612. ref ref Duval M. Le placenta des rongeurs. Paris, Felix Alcan, 1892. ref Schiller Duval bodies are said to resemble a glomerulus . ref Kumar, Abbas, Fausto. Pathologic Basis of Disease, 7th edition. Philadelphia Elsevier Saunders, 2005. 1101. ref They have a mesoderm al core with a central capillary , all lined by flattened layers of both visceral and parietal cells. Immunofluorescence Immunofluorescent stain may show eosinophilic hyalin like globules both inside and outside the cytoplasm that contain Alpha fetoprotein AFP and alpha 1 antitrypsin . References Reflist Eponymous medical signs for oncology Category Andrology Medicine stub fr Corps de Schiller Duval ... more details
Grass tetany or hypomagniesemic tetany is a metabolic disease of dairy cows grazing on lush pastures, of rapidly growing grass , especially in early spring season spring . File Vatche tetaneye.jpg thumb Cow grazing on rapidly grown pasture with tetany of the neck suggesting Grass Tetany The pathognomonic symptom is Tetany medical sign tetany seen in the neck of the recumbent cow. But, before this stage, the animal had a staggering gait. Hence, the common appellation of grass staggers . A similar disease can occur in sheep . Etiology The disease is related to low magnesium content of involved grass. However, there are also low blood calcium levels, as in milk fever . Epidemiology In Northern Europe , the disease occurs after winter housing. But in Australia and New Zealand , where the cows are not housed, the disease occurs in similar conditions, when the animal enters lush, grass dominant pastures. ref cite book coauthors D.C. Blood, J.A. Henderson, O.M. Radostits title Veterinary Medicine publisher Bailli re Tindall location London edition 5th year 1979 isbn 0 7020 07 18 8 pages 841 847 Lactation Tetany ref Treatment The affected cow should be left in the pasture, and not forced to come back to stall because excitation can darken the prognosis, even after adequate treatment. ref cite book author Gustav Rosenberger title Krankheiten des Rindes publisher Verlag Paul Parey location Berlin edition 2nd year 1978 isbn 3 489 61716 9 pages 1024 1037 Weidetetanie ref Intravenous mixed calcium and magnesium injection are used. Subcutaneous injection of magnesium sulphate 200 ml of 50 solution is also recommended. ref Blood et al. op.cit. ref Prevention Magnesium supplements are used to prevent the disease when cows, for obvious economic reasons, must have access to dangerous pastures. External links http www.merckvetmanual.com mvm index.jsp?cfile htm bc 80402.htm Related page of the Merck Veterinary Manual References References Category Bovine diseases v ... more details
In pathology, a cardinal sign or cardinal symptom is the primary or major clinical sign symptom by which a diagnosis is made. ref http www.yourdictionary.com medical cardinal symptom yourdictionary.com cardinal symptom definition medical Citing The American Heritage Medical Dictionary. Copyright 2009 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. ref Often, there is a cluster of signs or symptoms that, taken together, are pathognomonic for a specific disease or syndrome . Examples Inflammation is characterized by five cardinal signs ref name ConcisePathology Signs cite book author Parakrama Chandrasoma, Clive R. Taylor publisher McGraw Hill location New York, N.Y. year ca. 2005 title Concise Pathology edition 3rd edition Computer file isbn 0838514995 oclc 150148447 chapter Part A. General Pathology , Section II. The Host Response to Injury , Chapter 3. The Acute Inflammatory Response , sub section Cardinal Clinical Signs url http www.accessmedicine.com resourceTOC.aspx?resourceID 7 chapterurl http www.accessmedicine.com content.aspx?aID 183351 accessdate 2008 11 05 ref rubor Flushing physiology redness , calor increased heat , tumor swelling medical swelling , dolor pain , and functio laesa loss of function . In acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis , diagnosis is normally based on the three cardinal signs of ref name bsac http www.bsac.org.uk pyxis RTI Chronic 20bronchitis Chronic 20bronchitis.htm The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis AECB Retrieved on Mars 13, 2010 ref Increased shortness of breath Increased sputum volume Purulent sputum References reflist Category Symptoms ... more details
distinguish Arrythmia Refimprove date December 2009 Infobox Disease Name Erythema Image Erythema migrans erythematous rash in Lyme disease PHIL 9875.jpg Caption Pathognomonic Characteristic bull s eye rash erythema chronicum migrans erythema migrans of early Lyme disease DiseasesDB 4466 ICD10 ICD10 L 51 l 50 ICD10 L 54 l 50 ICD9 ICD9 695 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D004890 Erythema from the Greek erythros , meaning red is redness of the skin , caused by hyperemia of the capillaries in the lower layers of the skin. It occurs with any skin injury, infection, or inflammation. ref DorlandsDict three 000036684 erythema ref Examples of erythema not associated with pathology include nervous blushes. ref erythema, Mosby s Medical, Nursing and Allied Health Dictionary, Fourth Edition, Mosby Year Book 1994, p. 570 ref Diagnosis Erythema disappears on finger pressure blanching , while purpura or bleeding in the skin and pigmentation do not. There is no temperature elevation in erythema, unless it is associated with the dilation of arteries in the deeper layer of the skin. Citation needed date June 2010 Causes It can be caused by infection , massage , electrical treatment, acne medication, allergy allergies , exercise, solar radiation sunburn , cutaneous radiation syndrome , niacin administration ref http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed 2084715 ref , or waxing and tweezing of the hairs&mdash any of which can cause the capillaries to dilate, resulting in redness. Erythema is a common side effect of radiotherapy treatment due to patient exposure to ionizing radiation . In about 30&ndash 50 of cases, the cause of erythema is unknown. Citation needed date July 2010 Circumoral erythema has been described as a typical sign of acute oleander poisoning by ingestion. http www.inchem.org documents pims plant pim366.htm May also be caused by Vitamin A toxicity. ref Textbook of veterinary physiological chemistry, by Larry Engelking ref Associated conditions Erythe ... more details
Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 A41.8 ILDS A41.820 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Janeway lesions are non tenderness tender , small erythematous or haemorrhagic macule macular or Nodule medicine nodular lesions on the Palm tree palms or Sole foot soles only a few millimeters in diameter that are pathognomonic of endocarditis infective endocarditis . ref name Farrior cite journal last Farrior first J.B. coauthors Silverman M.E. title A consideration of the differences between a Janeway s lesion and an Osler s node in infectious endocarditis journal Chest. volume 70 issue 2 pages 239 243 year 1976 pmid 947688 doi 10.1378 chest.70.2.239 ref Pathologically, the lesion is described to be a abscess microabscess of the dermis with marked necrosis and inflammatory infiltrate not involving the epidermis skin epidermis . ref name Farrior They are caused by septic emboli which deposit bacteria, forming microabscesses. ref name Mandell Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 7th ed., Churchill Livingstone 2009. ref Janeway lesions are distal, flat, ecchymosis ecchymotic , and painless. Osler s node s and Janeway lesions are similar, but Osler s nodes present with tenderness and are of immunologic origin. ref name pmid947688 cite journal author Farrior JB, Silverman ME title A consideration of the differences between a Janeway s lesion and an Osler s node in infectious endocarditis journal Chest volume 70 issue 2 pages 239 243 year 1976 month August pmid 947688 doi 10.1378 chest.70.2.239 url http www.chestjournal.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 947688 ref Eponym They are named after Theodore Caldwell Janeway 1872&ndash 1917 , an American professor of medicine with interests in cardiology and infectious disease . ref cite journal author Janeway C. title Presidential Address to The American Association of Immunologists. The road less traveled by the role of innate immunity in the ... more details
Image Measles enanthema.jpg thumb Measles Image Koplik spots, measles 6111 lores.jpg thumb Measles Koplik spots are a Prodrome prodromic viral enanthem of measles manifesting two days before the measles rash itself. They are characterized as clustered, white lesions on the cheek buccal mucosa near each Stenson s duct on the buccal mucosa opposite the maxillary 1st molars and are pathognomonic for measles . ref name pmid16481641 cite journal author Tierney LM, Wang KC title Images in clinical medicine. Koplik s spots journal N. Engl. J. Med. volume 354 issue 7 pages 740 year 2006 month February pmid 16481641 doi 10.1056 NEJMicm050576 url http content.nejm.org cgi pmidlookup?view short&pmid 16481641&promo ONFLNS19 ref The textbook description of Koplik spots is ulcerated mucosal lesions marked by necrosis, neutrophilic exudate, and neovascularization. ref Robbins and Cotran. Infectious Diseases. Pathologic Basis of Disease. 7th ed. 2005. Print. ref They are described as appearing like grains of salt on a wet background , and often fade as the macular rash develops. History They are named after Henry Koplik 1858 1927 , an United States American pediatrician who described them in 1896. The first description of these spots by some authors are ascribed to Reubold, W rzburg 1854, by others to Johann Andreas Murray 1740 1791 . Before Koplik, the German internist Carl Jakob Adolf Christian Gerhardt 1833 1902 in 1874, the Danish physician N. Flindt in 1879, and the Russian Nil Filatov 1847 1902 in 1895, had observed equivalent phenomena. ref name Koplik Koplik, H. The diagnosis of the invasion of measles from a study of the exanthema as it appears on the buccal mucous membrane. Archives of Pediatrics, New York, 1896 13 918 922. accessed from http www.whonamedit.com synd.cfm 1437.html on 9 13 2006 ref References reflist External links http www.dentistry.leeds.ac.uk oralpath viruses viral 20infections 340 20images other 20viral 20images koplik 27s 20spots.jpg Image of Koplik s ... more details
Multiple issues primarysources April 2008 essay April 2008 advert September 2010 confusing April 2008 expert April 2008 cleanup April 2008 The Dean Woodcock Neuropsychological assessment Neuropsychological Assessment System DWNAS provides a standardized procedure for assessing an individual s sensory , Motor system motor , emotional, cognitive , and academic functioning for both English and Spanish speakers, based on the Cattell Horn Carroll theory Cattell Horn Carroll Model CHC . The instrument may be administered by psychologist psychologists , that need not have clinical neuropsychology neuropsychological backgrounds . The DWNB consists of the Dean Woodcock Sensory Motor Battery DWSMB Dean & Woodcock, 2003c , the Dean Woodcock Structured Neuropsychological Interview Dean & Woodcock, 2003d , and the Dean Woodcock Emotional Status Examination Dean & Woodcock, 2003a . When the DWNAS is used with the Woodcock Johnson III WJ III Woodcock, McGrew, & Mather, 2001 , or the Bateria III Woodcock Mu oz Bateria III Mu oz Sandoval, Woodcock, McGrew, & Mather, 2004 , a comprehensive profile of an individual s sensory, motor, emotional, cognitive, and academic functioning may be obtained. The DWNAS offers a neuropsychological interpretation of the WJ III and Bateria III. A fundamental element of the DWNAS is that it provides both a clinical neurological and empirical theoretical base CHC to assessment. The DWSMB is a battery of tests drawn primarily from the traditional neurological examination to provide comprehensive coverage of basic sensory, motor functions and sub cortical functioning, most of which have pathognomonic neurological signs. The DWSMB is divided into two major sections sensory and or the Bateria III motor. Motor tests are predominantly meant to measure motor functioning at the cortical level. Multiple cognitive functions necessary in neuropsychological assessment are offered by the WJ III or the Bateria III. The Dean Woodcock Structured Interview and the Dean ... more details
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