Parapodia Greek language Gr. para , beyond or beside podia , feet , singular parapodium , are paired, un jointed Anatomical terms of location Directional terms lateral outgrowths from the bodies of two different invertebrate groups, which are primarily marine in habitat. These structures are characteristic of Polychaeta , and several clade s of sea snail s and sea slug s. In polychaete worms Image Tomopteriskils.jpg thumb The planktonic polychaete Tomopteris Parapodia in polychaetes are either uniramous or biramous . In the latter case, the Dorsum biology dorsal lobes or branches are called notopodia and the ventral branches neuropodia . Both neuropodia and notopodia can bear cirri called respectively neurocirri and notocirri and seta e called respectively neurosetae and notosetae . The cirri between the two branches are called interramal cirri . clear In opisthobranch gastropod molluscs The fleshy protrusions on the sides of some Gastropoda snails are also called parapodia they are particularly well developed in sea butterflies . Some sea hares also use their parapodia to swim. Parapodia can be used for respiration such as gills also they can be used for locomotion. Parapodia are found in Clade Cephalaspidea Clade Thecosomata Clade Gymnosomata Clade Aplysiomorpha clear See also Epitoke parapodium References reflist Category Annelid anatomy Category Mollusc anatomy ca Parapodi de Parapodium es Parapodio fr Parapode nl Parapode pl Parapodium pt Par pode ru sr uk ... more details
Taxobox name Arenicolidae image Lugworm cast, Red Wharf Bay, Isle of Anglesey geograph.org.uk 30354.jpg image caption Cast and depression caused by buried Arenicola marina . regnum Animal ia phylum Annelida classis Polychaeta ordo Capitellida subclassis Scolecida familia Arenicolidae familia authority Johnston, 1835 subdivision center See text center ref name WoRMS http www.marinespecies.org aphia.php?p taxdetails&id 922 World Register of Marine Species ref subdivision ranks Genera Arenicolidae is a Family biology family of marine Polychaeta polychaete worms. They are commonly known as lugworms and the little coils of sand they produce are commonly seen on the beach. Arenicolids are found worldwide, mostly living in burrows in sandy substrates. Most are Detritivore deposit feeders but some graze on algae . ref Fauchald, K. 1977. The polychaete worms, definitions and keys to the orders, families and genera. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Los Angeles, CA USA Science Series 28 1 188 ref Description The arenicolids are characterised by an elongated cylindrical body separated into two or three distinct regions. The prostomium has no appendage s or palp s. There are one or two anterior segments without setae . On the other segments, all the setae are unbranched, including the capillary setae and the Rostrum anatomy rostrate uncini. The Parapodium notopodia are bluntly truncate and the Parapodium neuropodia are elongated tori forming long transverse welts in some of the setigers. The Parapodium notosetae have either a capillary function or act as limbs and the Parapodium neurosetae are rostrate hooks. There are Gill branchiae present on some of the setigers in the middle or posterior regions. ref http www.vliz.be imisdocs publications 123110.pdf The Polychaete Worms ref Apart from the genus Branchiomaldane , the lugworms are not easy to confuse with other polychaetes. Their tough cuticle and their distinct branchial region with strongly tufted branchiae are c ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 A chaeta or cheta see American and British English spelling differences spelling differences is a chitin ous bristle or seta found on an insect , arthropod or annelid worms such as the earthworm , although the term is also frequently used to describe similar structures in other invertebrates. The plural form is chaetae or chetae . In the Polychaeta , they are located on the parapodium parapodia . They consist of two sets in Hediste diversicolor Nereis diversicolor , one below the Dorsum biology dorsal cirrus Disambiguation needed date June 2011 on the notopodium and another above the ventral cirrus on the neuropodium . See also Chaetotaxy References reflist Category Annelid anatomy Annelid stub Animal anatomy stub eo eto nl Chaeta ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2007 Taxobox name Saccocirridae regnum Animal ia phylum Annelida classis Polychaeta subclassis Palpata ordo Canalipalpata familia Saccocirridae familia authority Czerniavsky, 1881 ref WRMS 995 Saccocirridae ref genus Saccocirrus genus authority Bobretzky, 1872 ref WRMS 129550 Saccocirrus ref The Saccocirridae are small interstitial polychaete s common in coarse sand, reflective, surf beaches, usually within the zone of retention. The Saccociridae are members of the clade Protodrilida , which is in turn part of the clade Canalipalpata . Saccocirridae have a world wide distribution and it is likely that many more species remain to be described. These polychates are usually between 2 and 10 mm in length and 500 m wide. They have reduced parapodium parapodia and are considered a true interstitial species, incapable of burrowing through finer sediment s. Morphology Based on Saccocirrus sonomacus from the Pacific Coast of the Americas. The prostomium supports a pair of groved palps that have, primarily, a sensory purpose. A pair of eyes are also present. The peristomium is probably reduced to a circumoral ring. Pygidium is usually bi lobed. It contains a duo gland adhesive system. Reference reflist annelid stub Category Polychaetes ... more details
Taxobox name Notobranchaeidae regnum Animal ia phylum Mollusca classis Gastropoda unranked superfamilia clade Heterobranchia br clade Euthyneura br clade Euopisthobranchia br clade Gymnosomata superfamilia Clionoidea familia Notobranchaeidae familia authority Paul Pelseneer Pelseneer , 1886 subdivision ranks Genera and species subdivision See text Notobranchaeidae is a taxonomic family biology family of floating sea slugs or sea angels , pelagic marine ocean marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusk s. The small pelagic snails of this family have no shell except in the early embryo nic stage . They are carnivore s, equipped with swimming parapodium parapodia fleshy winglike flaps , strong jaws and grasping tentacles, often with suckers resembling those of cephalopod s. A more comprehensive discussion can be found under the entry Sea angel . Genera and species Genera and species in the family Notobranchaeidae include Genus Notobranchaea small Paul Pelseneer Pelseneer , 1886 small Notobranchaea bleekerae small van der Spoel & Pafort van Iersel, 1985 small Distribution Oceanic Notobranchaea grandis small Alice Pruvot Fol Pruvot Fol , 1942 small Distribution Oceanic Length 15 mm Notobranchaea inopinata small Paul Pelseneer Pelseneer , 1887 small Distribution Oceanic Length 5 mm Notobranchaea macdonaldi small Paul Pelseneer Pelseneer , 1886 small Distribution Bermuda, Oceanic Length 5 mm Notobranchaea tetrabranchiata small Bonnevie, 1913 small Distribution Oceanic Length 16 mm References Spoel, S. van der, & T. Pafort van Iersel, 1985. Note on the taxonomy of the family Notobranchaeidae and description of Notobranchaea bleekerae n.sp., a species new to science Gastropoda, Pteropoda . Basteria, 49 29 36, 1 tab., 3 figs ITIS id 78084 taxon Prionoglossa Category Notobranchaeidae ... more details
Taxobox name Scolecida image Capitella capitata.jpg image caption Capitella capitata regnum Animal ia phylum Annelida classis Polychaeta subclassis Scolecida subdivision ranks Subdivisions subdivision center See text center Scolecida is a Class biology subclass of polychaete worm. Scolecids are mostly unselective Detritivore deposit feeders on marine detritus. Characteristics Scolecids have Parapodium parapodia with rami that are all alike. The prostomium is distinct. The head has no appendage s or palp s and is usually conical, though in the Scalibregmatidae , it has a T shaped tip, and in Paraonidae , there is a single, central antenna. In some families there are sometimes some tiny eyespots. The oesophagus is evertable forming a sac like proboscis which may have several finger like lobes. The anterior segments and their appendages are all similar. The notopodia and neuropodia consist of unbranched capillary chaeta e, sometimes with hooks. There is a single central gill in Cossuridae on an anterior segment and simple segmental gills are present in some other families. ref name Ann http www.annelida.net nz Polychaeta Clade clade scolecida.htm Annelida.net ref Systematics The families Arenicolidae, Capitellidae and Maldanidae were formerly part of the order Capitellida. They are now included in subclass Scolecida along with Cossuridae, Orbiniidae, Opheliidae, Paraonidae and Scalibregmatidae. This clade is probably not a natural grouping and is likely to be revised in the future. ref name Ann Subdivisions Family Aeolosomatidae Family Arenicolidae Family Capitellidae Family Cossunidae Family Maldanidae Family Opheliidae Family Orbiniidae Family Paraonidae Family Parergodrilidae Family Potamodrilidae Family Psammodrilidae Family Questidae Family Scalibregmatidae References reflist Category Polychaetes ... more details
Taxobox name Oweniidae image image width image caption Phragmatopoma californica regnum Animal ia subregnum Eumetazoa phylum Annelida classis Polychaeta subclassis Palpata ordo Canalipalpata subordo Sabellida familia Oweniidae familia authority Rioja, 1917 subdivision ranks Genera subdivision center See text center Oweniidae is a Family biology family of marine polychaete worms in the suborder Sabellida . The worms live in tubes made of sand and are selective filter feeder s, ref name NIWA http www.annelida.net nz Polychaeta Family F Oweniidae.htm NIWA Guide to Polychaeta ref detrivore s and grazers. ref name WoRMS http www.marinespecies.org aphia.php?p taxdetails&id 975 World Register of Marine Species ref Characteristics Members of this family live in tubes made of sand and shell fragments. The head of the worm does not bear a proboscis but has the mouth at the tip rimmed by some very short tentacle s. The body segments lack parapodium parapodia and are smooth elongated cylinders. There are a large number of hooked chaeta e or bristles on a small pad on the ventral side of each segment. These chaetae have two parallel teeth resembling claws which is a feature that distinguishes members of this family from other polychaetes. The posterior tip bears different appendages in different genera. Family members are unique in having a bell shaped larval stage known as a mitraria larva. At one time the family was classified as the Ammocharidae. ref name NIWA Genera div col colwidth 26em Ammochares Clymenia worm Clymenia Galathowenia small Kirkegaard, 1959 small Mitraria worm Mitraria Myriochele small Malmgren, 1867 small Myrioglobula small Hartman, 1967 small Myriowenia small Hartman, 1960 small Ops worm Ops Owenia worm Owenia small Delle Chiaje, 1841 small Psammocollus ref name WoRMS div col end References reflist Category Sabellida ... more details
Taxobox name Palpata image Haeckel Chaetopoda edit.jpg image caption Illustration by Ernst Heackel regnum Animal ia phylum Annelida classis Polychaeta subclassis Palpata subdivision ranks Orders subdivision Aciculata br Canalipalpata Palpata is a Class biology subclass of polychaete worm. Members of this subclass are mostly Detritivore deposit feeders on marine detritus or filter feeder s. Characteristics Palpata includes the majority of genera and species of polychaete worms and is subdivided into the Class biology orders Aciculata and Canalipalpata . ref name R&R Rouse, G. W., and K. Fauchald. 1997. Cladistics and polychaetes. Zool. Scr. 26 139 204. ref The prostomium is characterised by a pair of sensory palp s which gives the subclass its name and which are lacking in the other main taxon of polychaetes, the Scolecida . ref http webs.lander.edu rsfox invertebrates eudistylia.html Invertebrate Anatomy OnLine ref Aciculata is a large group including about half of all existing polychaete species and is equivalent to the old taxonomic group Errantia , worms that can move about freely by crawling or swimming. These worms are characterised by having internal supporting chaeta e in their Parapodium parapodia . Aciculata is divided into suborders Eunicida and Phyllodocida . Canalipalpata is equivalent to the old taxonomic group Sedentaria , worms that stay in one place, living in a self made tube composed of mud or sand cemented together with mucus. Members of Canalipalpata are worms with elongated grooved palp structures used for feeding and the order is divided into suborders Sabellida , Spionida and Terebellida . Taxonomy Further research is likely to result in changes to the cladistics of the annelids, the monophyly of which is in doubt. ref http tolweb.org Annelida Tree of Life Web Project ref The World Register of Marine Species considers Palpata a nomen dubium and divides the polychaetes into three subclasses, Aciculata, Canalipalpata and Scolecida . ref http www ... more details
Taxobox name Spionida image Magelona johnstoni.jpg image width 240px image caption Magelona johnstoni with long feeding palps. regnum Animal ia phylum Annelida classis Polychaeta subclassis Palpata ordo Canalipalpata subordo Spionida subdivision ranks Family biology Families subdivision Several, see text Spionida is a Order biology suborder of marine polychaete worms in the order Canalipalpata . Spionids are cosmopolitan and live in soft substrates in the Littoral zone littoral or neritic zone s. ref name AR http www.annelida.net nz Polychaeta Clade clade spionida.htm Annelid Resources ref Characteristics Spionids have a single pair of flexible feeding tentacle s with grooves, arising directly from the prostomium . The mouth has no jaws and the pharynx is partly eversible. Some species have small eye spots and some a central sensory lobe. Some of the anterior segments paired gills. The Parapodium parapodia or lateral lobes have large lamellae. The chaeta e are unbranched capillaries, spines and hooks. ref name AR ref http species identification.org species.php?species group macrobenthos polychaeta&id 362&menuentry groepen Marine Species Identification Portal ref Families Aberrantidae Apistobranchidae small Mesnil and Caullery, 1898 small Chaetopteridae small Audouin and Milne Edwards, 1833 small Heterospionidae Longosomatidae small Hartman, 1944 small Magelonidae Poecilochaetidae small Hannerz, 1956 small Spionidae small Grube, 1850 small Trochochaetidae small Pettibone, 1963 small Uncispionidae small Green, 1982 small ref http www.marinespecies.org aphia.php?p taxdetails&id 889 World Register of Marine Species ref ref http www.itis.gov servlet SingleRpt SingleRpt?search topic TSN&search value 555673 ITIS ref References reflist Category Polychaetes ... more details
Italic title Taxobox regnum Animal ia phylum Mollusca classis Gastropoda unranked superfamilia clade Heterobranchia br clade Euthyneura br clade Euopisthobranchia br clade Gymnosomata superfamilia Clionoidea familia Cliopsidae genus Cliopsis genus authority Troschel, 1854 species C. krohni binomial Cliopsis krohnii binomial authority Troschel, 1854 synonyms Clio, Gegenbaur, 1855 Clionopsis, Bronn, 1862 Cliopsis krohnii small Troschel, 1854 small . ref Troschel, Beitr ge zur Kenntniss der Pteropoden, Archiv f. Naturgesch., J hrg. xx. p. 222, p1. x. figs. 2 4. ref is the only species in Cliopsis , a genus of sea angels belonging to the family Cliopsidae . The Marine Species Identification Portal ref http species identification.org species.php?species group zsao&menuentry soorten&id 2634&tab beschrijving Marine Species Identification Portal Cliopsis krohnii ref recognizes three Morphology biology morphs Cliopsis krohni Troschel, 1854 morpha grandis Boas, 1886 body length 40 mm Cliopsis krohni Troschel, 1854 morpha krohni Troschel, 1854 body length 24 mm Cliopsis krohni Troschel, 1854 morpha modesta Pelseneer, 1887 body length 3 mm Distribution Cliopsis krohnii is a small free swimming sea slug , found in all warm and temperate seas where it is pelagic and lives amidst plankton as deep as 1,500 m. Description Cliopsis krohnii has a somewhat long, flabby, gelatinous body with a bluish aspect. The head is rather small with the nuchal tentacles much developed. The posterior gill possesses four distinct radiating hexagonal crests lacking foldings or fringes. The foot is reduced to three small median lobes.The anterior lobes of the foot show a posterior right angle. The posterior end of the foot has a folded tubercle that is not divided by longitudinal wrinkle in the middle. The distal extremities of the fins are rounded. It lacks a shell except during its early embryo nic stage. The small lateral winglike flaps Parapodium parapoda are used in a slow swimming ... more details
Taxobox name Myzostomida image Myzostoma fuscomaculatum at Percys Hole detail.jpg image caption Myzostoma fuscomaculatum on its host the crinoid Tropiometra carinata regnum Animal ia subregnum Eumetazoa unranked superdivisio Bilateria unranked superphylum Protostomia superphylum Lophotrochozoa unranked classis Myzostomida Myzostomida are a remarkable taxonomy taxonomic group of small marine ocean marine worm s, which are Parasitism parasitic on crinoid s or sea lilies , a kind of echinoderm . These unusual parasitic Lophotrochozoa were first discovered by Friedrich Sigismund Leuckart in 1827. A typical myzostomid has a flattened rounded shape, with a thin edge drawn out into delicate radiating hairs called Cilium cirri . The dorsal surface is smooth, with five pairs of Parapodium parapodia on the bottom surface. These parapodia are armed with supporting and hooked seta e, by means of which the worm adheres to its host. Beyond the parapodia are four pairs of organs, often called suckers. These organs are probably of sensory nature, and are comparable to the lateral sense organs of Capitellids . The mouth and cloaca l opening are generally at opposite ends of the bottom surface. The former leads to a protrusible pharynx , from which the esophagus opens into a wide intestinal chamber with branching lateral Diverticulum diverticula . There appears to be no vascular system. The nervous system consists of a circumoesophageal nerve, with scarcely differentiated brain, joining below a large ganglionic mass, no doubt representing many fused Ganglion ganglia . The dorsoventral and the parapodial muscles are much developed, while the coelom is reduced mostly to branched spaces in which the genital products ripen. Full grown myzostomids are hermaphrodite s. Their internal organs consist of a branched sac opening to the exterior or each side. The paired ovaries discharge their eggs into a median chamber with side branches, often called the uterus , from which the ripe ova eggs a ... more details
Taxobox name Sabellidae worm image Feather duster worm.jpg image width 250px image caption Sabellidae worm, probably Sabellastarte sp. regnum Animal ia subregnum Eumetazoa phylum Annelida classis Polychaeta subclassis Palpata ordo Canalipalpata subordo Sabellida familia Sabellidae familia authority Malmgren, 1867 subdivision Fabriciinae Myxicolinae Sabellinae Unassigned sabellids Unassigned subdivision ranks Subfamiliae Sabellidae feather duster worms are sedentary marine polychaete tube worm body plan tube worm s where the head is mostly concealed by feathery branchiae. They build tubes out of parchment, sand, and bits of shell. They tend to be common in the intertidal zones around the world. Characteristics Image Sabellidae feather duster worm .jpg thumb 250px left Feather duster worms have a crown of feeding appendages or radiole s in two fan shaped clusters projecting from their tubes when under water. Each radiole has paired side branches making a two edged comb for filter feeding. Most species have a narrow collar below the head. The body segments are smooth and lack Parapodium parapodia . The usually eight thoracic segments bear capilliaries dorsally and hooked chaeta e bristles ventrally. The abdominal segments are similar but with the position of the capilliaries and chaetae reversed. The posterior few abdominal segments may form a spoon shaped hollow on the ventral side. Size varies between tiny and over ten centimetres long. Some small species can bend over and extend their tentacles to the sea floor to collect Detrivore detritus . ref http www.annelida.net nz Polychaeta Family F Sabellidae.htm NIWA Guide to Polychaeta ref Genera Image Sabellidae feather duster worm yellow.jpg thumb 250px right Sabellidae with branchiae feathers extended The following genera belong to the family ref http www.marinespecies.org MarineSpecies.org Bot generated title ref div col colwidth 18em Amphicorina Amphiglena Anamobaea Aracia Bispira Branchiomma Chone genus Chone Clavir ... more details
Taxobox image Nereis succinea epitoke ColourBalance.jpg regnum Animal ia phylum Annelida classis Polychaeta subclassis Aciculata ordo Phyllodocida subordo Nereidiformia familia Nereididae subfamilia Nereinae genus Alitta species Alitta succinea species authority Frey & Leuckart, 1847 ref name worms synonyms ref ref name worms synonyms See text. Alitta succinea also known as the common clam worm Citation needed date August 2010 is a species of marine annelid in the Nereididae family commonly known as ragworms or sandworms . It has been recorded throughout Europe and the North West Atlantic, as well as in the Gulf of Maine and South Africa . ref name worms Fauchald, K. Glasby, C. 2009 . http www.marinespecies.org aphia.php?p taxdetails&id 234850 Alitta succinea Frey & Leuckart, 1847 . Fauchald, K. ed 2009 . World Polychaeta database. Accessed through the World Register of Marine Species on 2 August 2010 ref Description The common clam worm can reach up to 15 centimeters 6 inches in length, but most specimens are smaller than this. It is brown coloured at the rear, and reddish brown on the rest of its body. It has an identifiable head with four eyes, two sensory feelers or Pedipalp palp s, and many tentacles The Anterior region is called as Head which consists of two segments as anterior Prostomium and posterior peristomium and the last segment known as pygidium. ref Parthasarathy ref Life cycle It is a freeswimming polychaete, scavenging on the bottom of shallow marine waters. It feeds on other worms and algae. To feed, it uses a proboscis , which has two hooks at the end, to grasp prey and draw it into its mouth. Clamworms are an important food source for bottom feeding fish and crustacean s, though they can protect themselves by secreting a mucus substance that hardens to form a sheath around them. Citation needed date August 2010 During lunar phase s in the spring and early summer, the clam worm undergoes heterogenesis . Their Parapodium parapodia enlarge so t ... more details
Taxobox image image caption regnum Animal ia phylum Mollusca classis Gastropoda unranked superfamilia clade Heterobranchia br clade Euthyneura br clade Euopisthobranchia br clade Cephalaspidea superfamilia Philinoidea familia Aglajidae genus Melanochlamys genus authority Cheeseman, 1881 ref Cheeseman, T.F. 1881 On a new genus of opisthobranchiate Mollusca. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, 13 224. ref subdivision ranks Species subdivision See text Melanochlamys is a genus of headshield slugs in the family Aglajidae . Despite the appearance of its species, this genus must not be confused with nudibranch s. ref name WoRMS Bouchet, P. Gofas, S. 2010 . Melanochlamys Cheesman, 1881. In Bouchet, P. Gofas, S. Rosenberg, G. 2010 World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through World Register of Marine Species at http www.marinespecies.org aphia.php?p taxdetails&id 137639 on 2011 02 07 ref This genus was first described by Cheeseman in 1881 but later malacologists considered it a junior synonym of Aglaja small Renier, 1807 small , until the genus was reinstated by Rudman in 1972 ref name Rudman Rudman, W.B. 1972 On Melanochlamys Cheeseman, 1881, a genus of the Aglajidae Opisthobranchia Gastropoda . Pacific Science, 26 1 50 62, 8 figs. ref It differs from the other genera in Aglajidae by its external cylindrical body form with small Parapodium parapodia , the shape of its small, curved and strongly calcified shell, its alimentary canal with a rigid, non eversible buccal bulb , and the reproductive system with a short duct to the exogenous originating from the outside sperm sac and a characteristic penis . ref name Rudman Species According to the World Register of Marine Species WoRMS , this genus contains the following accepted names ref name WoRMS Melanochlamys algirae Adams A. in Sowerby G.B. II, 1850 Melanochlamys handrecki Burn, 2010 Melanochlamys maderensis Watson, 1897 Melanochlamys papillata Gosliner, 1990 Melanochlamys queritor Burn, 1957 Melanochlamys wildpr ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Spirorbis borealis regnum Animal ia phylum Annelida classis Polychaeta ordo Canalipalpata subordo Sabellida familia Serpulidae genus Spirorbis species S. borealis binomial Spirorbis borealis binomial authority Fran ois Marie Daudin Daudi , 1800 ref name WoRMS http www.marinespecies.org aphia.php?p taxdetails&id 155235 World Register of Marine Species ref Spirorbis borealis is a sedentary marine Polychaeta polychaete worm in the Serpulidae family. It is commonly called the sinistral spiral tubeworm and is the type species of the genus Spirorbis . ref Daudin F. M. 1800 . Recueil de m moires et de notes sur l esp ces indites ou peu connues de mollusques, de vers et de zoophytes. Paris pp. 50 4 pl ref Polychaetes, or marine bristle worms, have elongated bodies divided into many segments. Each Segmentation biology segment may bear setae bristles and Parapodium parapodia paddle like appendages . Some species live freely, either swimming, crawling or burrowing, and these are known as errant . Others live permanently in tubes, either calcareous or parchment like, and these are known as sedentary . Description S. borealis secretes a very small, unridged, off white, calcareous tube. This is about five millimetres in diameter and forms a flat, clockwise spiral coil as seen from above. The worm retreats into its tube when above water but under water can be seen to have green tentacles. ref name CPG John Barrett and C M Young, Collins Pocket Guide to the Sea Shore 1958 p.76 ref Distribution and habitat S. borealis is found on either side of the north Atlantic Ocean. This includes the coasts of Great Britain , Ireland , Spain and Portugal , Prince Edward Island , Newfoundland and Labrador Newfoundland , the Gulf of St Lawrence and the St Lawrence estuary. ref name WoRMS It is typically found growing on Fucus , Laminaria and other seaweeds as well as on rocks and stones. It is widely distributed and abundant on the middle and lower shore, ref name CPG dow ... more details
Taxobox name Phyllodocida image Tomopteriskils.jpg image caption The planktonic polychaete Tomopteris regnum Animal ia phylum Annelid Annelida classis Polychaete Polychaeta subclassis Aciculata ordo Phyllodocida subdivision ranks Family biology Families subdivision center See text center Phyllodocida is an Order biology order of polychaete worms in the Class biology subclass Aciculata . ref name WoRMS http www.marinespecies.org aphia.php?p taxdetails&id 892 World Register of Marine Species ref These worms are mostly marine though some are found in brackish water. Most are active benthic creatures, moving over the surface or burrowing in sediments, or living in cracks and crevices in bedrock. A few construct tubes in which they live and some are pelagic , swimming through the water column . There are estimated to be about 3,500 species in the order. ref name Tolweb http tolweb.org Phyllodocida Tree of Life Web Project ref Characteristics Phyllodocida are Segmentation biology segmented worms and range in size from a few millimetres long to over a metre. Each segment bears a pair of paddle like Parapodium parapodia . The prostomium generally has one or two pairs of eyes, a dorsal pair of Antenna biology antennae , a ventral pair of sensory Pedipalp palps and a pair of organs on the neck. The peristomium is a ring, often hidden dorsally by the prostomium and the first segment. There is a muscular proboscis with one or more pairs of jaws. The next few segments tend to differ from those further back in having enlarged dorsal and ventral cirri fine appendages and reduced parapodial lobes and chaeta e bristles . Some species have appendages with specialised functions but most have many segments that are similar to each other but which vary in size and shape along the length of the body without abrupt changes in the chaetae and parapodia from one to the next. ref name Tolweb Biology Worms in this order are generally Predation predators or scavenger s. ref http www.eol.org pa ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Cirratulus cirratus image Cirratulus cirratus.jpg image caption Cirratulus cirratus regnum Animal ia phylum Annelida classis Polychaeta ordo Terebellida familia Cirratulidae genus Cirratulus species C. cirratus binomial Cirratulus cirratus binomial authority O. F. M ller, 1776 ref http www.marinespecies.org aphia.php?p taxdetails&id 129959 World Register of Marine Species ref synonyms Lumbricus cirratus small M ller, 1776 small Promenia fulgida small Ehlers, 1897 small Cirratulus cirratus is a species of marine Polychaeta polycheate worm in the family Cirratulidae . It occurs in the littoral and sub littoral zones of the Atlantic Ocean. Polychaetes, or marine bristle worms, have elongated bodies divided into many segments. Each Segmentation biology segment may bear setae bristles and Parapodium parapodia paddle like appendages . Some species live freely, either swimming, crawling or burrowing, and these are known as errant . Others live permanently in tubes, either calcareous or parchment like, and these are known as sedentary . Description C. cirratus grows to up to thirty centimetres long with up to 150 segments. It has a slender, orange, pinkish or brownish body. The prostomium or head is a blunt cone with a row of 4 to 8 large black eyes on either side. The first segment bears two groups of up to eight feeding tentacles. At intervals along the body there are pairs of long slender gill s which look like a mass of reddish threads. ref name MarLIN http www.marlin.ac.uk specieshabitats.php?speciesID 2996 Marine Life Information Network ref Short, blunt bristles are found on segments 10 to 12 and more on segments 20 to 23. ref http species identification.org species.php?species group macrobenthos polychaeta&id 495 Marine Species Identification Portal ref Distribution and habitat C. cirratus is found along the coasts of north west Europe and also in the south Atlantic Ocean. It mostly occurs living in burrows on the Littoral zone lower shore ... more details
Taxobox name regnum Animal ia phylum Annelida classis Polychaeta ordo Capitellida subclassis Scolecida familia Arenicolidae genus Abarenicola species A. pacifica binomial Abarenicola pacifica binomial authority Healy & Wells, 1959 ref http www.marinespecies.org aphia.php?p taxdetails&id 326192 World Register of Marine Species ref Abarenicola pacifica or the Pacific lugworm is a large species of polychaete worm found on the west coast of North America and also in Japan. The worms live out of sight in burrows under the sand and produce casts which are visible on the surface. Polychaetes, or marine bristle worms, have elongated bodies divided into many segments. Each Segmentation biology segment may bear setae bristles and Parapodium parapodia paddle like appendages . Some species live freely, either swimming, crawling or burrowing, and these are known as errant . Others live permanently in tubes, either calcareous or parchment like, and these are known as sedentary . Description A. pacifica is a large worm growing up to fifteen centimetres in length with an elongated, segmented body which is tapered at both ends. The head has no appendage s, palp s or eyes but has a prostomium and evertable oesophagus . The body is divided into three regions which are sometimes differently coloured. The segments are wider than they are long and most have seta e borne on Parapodium parapodia . There are between four and seven pairs of oesophageal caeca, the anterior one being larger than the others. There are some capillary setae and the segments in the middle region bear up to thirteen trunk like sets of gills which are red due to the hemoglobin circulating in the blood. The neuropodia of these segments are short and widely separated ventrally. There are no setae on the segments of the posterior region. ref name AP http www.wallawalla.edu academics departments biology rosario inverts Annelida Arenicolidae Abarenicola pacifica.html Abarenicola pacifica ref ref http bcbiodiversity.lifed ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Pomatoceros triqueter image Pomatoceros triqueter.jpg image width image caption Calcareous tubes on boulder regnum Animal ia subregnum Eumetazoa phylum Annelida classis Polychaeta ordo Canalipalpata familia Serpulidae genus Pomatoceros species P. triqueter binomial Pomatoceros triqueter binomial authority Carl Linnaeus Linnaeus , 10th edition of Systema Naturae 1758 synonyms Serpula triquetra small Linnaeus, 1758 small ref http species identification.org species.php?species group macrobenthos polychaeta&menuentry soorten&id 847&tab beschrijving Marine Species Identification Portal ref Pomatoceros triqueter is a species of Tube worm body plan tube building annelid worm in the Class biology class Polychaeta . It is common on the north eastern coasts of the Atlantic Ocean and in the Mediterranean Sea. Polychaetes, or marine bristle worms, have elongated bodies divided into many segments. Each segment may bear setae bristles and Parapodium parapodia paddle like appendages . Some species live freely, either swimming, crawling or burrowing, and these are known as errant . Others live permanently in tubes, either calcareous or parchment like, and these are known as sedentary . Distribution This species is found in the Arctic , eastern North Atlantic Ocean Atlantic , the Mediterranean Sea Mediterranean , Adriatic Sea Adriatic , Black Sea Black and Red Sea , the English Channel , the North Sea , Skagerrak , Kattegat the Little Belt Little and Great Belt s and resund north east to the Bay of Kiel . Description Pomatoceros triqueter secretes a white calcareous tube about three millimetres wide and up to twenty five millimetres long. It is smooth and usually curved with a single ridge in the middle that ends in a projection over the anterior opening. The Operculum bryozoa operculum has a shallow, dish shaped plug. The body of the worm is brightly coloured and the crown of radiole s is banded with various colours. The body and crown can be withdrawn in ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Hydroides norvegica image Haeckel Chaetopoda edit.jpg image caption Annelid Chaetopoda , H. norvegica is at bottom left. regnum Animal ia subregnum Eumetazoa phylum Annelida classis Polychaete Polychaeta ordo Canalipalpata familia Serpulidae genus Hydroides species H. norvegica binomial Hydroides norvegica binomial authority Johan Ernst Gunnerus Gunnerus , 1768 ref name WoRMS http www.marinespecies.org aphia.php?p taxdetails&id 157437 World Register of Marine Species ref synonyms H. norvegicus , small Gunnerus, 1768 small ref http www.sealifebase.org summary speciessummary.php?id 41091 SeaLifeBase ref Hydroides norvegica is a species of tube forming annelid worm in the family Serpulidae . It is found on submerged rocks, shells, piles and boats in many coastal areas around the world. It is the type species of the genus Hydroides . Polychaete s, or marine bristle worms, have elongated bodies divided into many segments. Each Segmentation biology segment may bear setae bristles and Parapodium parapodia paddle like appendages . Some species live freely, either swimming, crawling or burrowing, and these are known as errant . Others live permanently in tubes, either calcareous or parchment like, and these are known as sedentary . Description This serpulid worm lives inside a protective calcareous tube. The worm has about one hundred segments each bearing chitin ous bristles called chaeta e. There are twelve to nineteen pairs of tentacles surrounding the operculum , which looks slantingly cut. The head of the worm protrudes from the tube and is surrounded by a crown of tentacles. It looks like a low, round cup, with a fairly small mouth in the middle, and 16 small teeth or beams around the head s edge. ref name BG http scientiamarina.revistas.csic.es index.php scientiamarina article download 115 112 A translation of Bishop Gunnerus description of the species Hydroides norvegicus with comments on his Serpula triquetra ref The worm grows to up to thi ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Amphitrite ornata image image caption regnum Animal ia phylum Annelida classis Polychaeta ordo Terebellida familia Terebellidae genus Amphitrite genus Amphitrite species A. ornata binomial Amphitrite ornata binomial authority Joseph Leidy Leidy , 1855 ref http www.marinespecies.org aphia.php?p taxdetails&id 157166 World Register of Marine Species ref synonyms Neoamphitrite ornata small Leidy, 1855 small Terebella ornata small Leidy, 1855 small Amphitrite ornata or ornate worm , is a species of marine Polychaeta polycheate worm in the family Terebellidae . Polychaetes, or marine bristle worms, have elongated bodies divided into many segments. Each Segmentation biology segment may bear setae bristles and Parapodium parapodia paddle like appendages . Some species live freely, either swimming, crawling or burrowing, and these are known as errant . Others live permanently in tubes, either calcareous or parchment like, and these are known as sedentary . Distribution This species is found in Cobscook Bay , the Gulf of Maine and the north west Atlantic Ocean at a depth of up to 200 metres. ref http www.eol.org pages 620682 Encyclopedia of Life ref Description The ornate worm can grow to up to forty centimetres long and lives in a firm, sand encrusted tube. All that is visible are the three bright red bushy gill s and a spread of long, peach coloured tentacle s above them. The tentacles can extend to forty centimetres and are constantly in motion, searching for food particles. ref name LCB http books.google.co.uk books?id BhCbWmyKrZcC&pg PA78&lpg PA78&dq 22Amphitrite ornata 22 description&source bl&ots cYexELCayC&sig xOTtkgWHhqRT5b8BShaUORbsQIk&hl en&ei RsIKTtTMKs6GhQeA 6wB&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 5&ved 0CDQQ6AEwBDgK v onepage&q&f false Life in Chesapeake Bay ref The rest of the worm s segmented, tapering body remains concealed in the tube. ref http etc.usf.edu clipart 48100 48193 48193 amphitrite.htm Image of Amphitrite ornata ref Biol ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE Glycera genus Taxobox name Bloodworms image Glycera alba dim .jpg image width 230px image caption Glycera sp. regnum Animal ia phylum Annelida classis Polychaeta ordo Phyllodocida familia Glyceridae genus Glycera genus authority Savigny, 1818 subdivision ranks Species subdivision many, see text The genus Glycera is a group of polychaete s bristle worms commonly known as blood worms . They are typically found on the bottom of shallow marine waters, and some species e.g. the common blood worm, Glycera dibranchiata , are extensively harvested along the Northeastern coast of the United States for use as bait in fishing . Another common species is the tufted gilled bloodworm, G. americana . Anatomy Bloodworms have a creamy pink colors, as their pale skin allows their red body fluids that contain hemoglobin to show through. This is the origin of the name bloodworm . At the head , bloodworms have four small antennae and small fleshy projections called parapodium parapodia running down their bodies. ref cite journal author separator , author1 Chien PK authorlink1 Paul Chien author2 Rice MA authorlink2 Michael A. Rice title Autoradiographic localization of exogenously supplied amino acids after uptake by the polychaete, Glycera dibranchiata Ehlers journal Wasmann Journal of Biology volume 43 pages 60 71 year 1985 issn 0043 0927 oclc 6322423 ref ref cite journal author separator , author1 Qafaiti M author2 Stephens GC authorlink2 Grover C. Stephens title Distribution of Amino Acids to Internal Tissues After Epidermal Uptake in the Annelid Glycera dibranchiata journal Journal of Experimental Biology volume 136 issue 1 pages 177 191 year 1988 format PDF url http jeb.biologists.org cgi reprint 136 1 177 ref Bloodworms can grow up to convert 35 cm in in length. Ecology Bloodworms are poor swimmers but good burrowers, living on the sandy or silty bottoms of the intertidal or subtidal regions. Though usually marine, they can tolerate low salt levels in the water, and a ... more details
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