Image Eastern North American Paleogeograpy Middle Devonian.png thumb right Paleogeographic reconstruction showing the Appalachian Basin area during the Middle Devonian period. ref name url cite web url http jan.ucc.nau.edu rcb7 nam.html title Paleogeography and Geologic Evolution of North America first Ron last Blakey publisher Northern Arizona University work Global Plate Tectonics and Paleogeography accessdate 2008 07 04 ref Palaeogeography also spelled paleogeography is the study of what the geography was in times past. It is most often used about the physical landscape , although nothing excludes its use in reference to the human or cultural environment. If the topic is Landform landforms it could also be called paleogeomorphology. In petroleum geology the term paleogeographic analysis is used for the detailed study of sedimentary basins , since the ancient geomorphological environments of the Earth s surface are preserved in the stratigraphy stratigraphic record. Paleogeographers also study the Sedimentary depositional environment sedimentary environment associated with fossils to aid in the understanding of evolution ary development of extinct species. The Plate reconstruction reconstruction of prehistoric continents and oceans depends partly on paleogeographic evidence. Thus paleogeography provides critical evidence for the development of continental drift and current plate tectonics plate tectonic theories. For example, knowledge of the shape and latitudinal location of supercontinent s such as Pangaea and ancient oceans such as Panthalassa result from paleogeographic studies. Not to be confused with palaeography the study of ancient handwriting . References reflist See also Plate tectonics Behavior of plates covering the surface of the Earth . Paleontology Study of ancient life, often involving fossil s and pollen palynology . Paleoclimatology Study of ancient climates. Paleoecology Physical geography topics Category Paleogeography Category Physical geograp ... more details
Turgai may refer to Turgai River Turgai river valley system in Kazakhstan Turgai Imperial Russia Turgai Oblast an administrative unit of the Russian Empire Turgai Sea or Turgai Strait, an inland sea in palaeogeography geodis Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages GOOD de Turgai lt Turgajus pl Turgaj ru ... more details
The Boreal Sea was a Mesozoic era seaway that lay along the northern border of Laurasia . ref http bsgf.geoscienceworld.org cgi content abstract 175 5 513 World distribution of middle Jurassic ammonites Upper Aalenian to Middle Bathonian relationships between biodiversity and palaeogeography Moyne et al. 175 5 513 Bull... Bot generated title ref References Reflist Category Historical oceans palaeo geo stub uk ... more details
The Urstrom is a geologists name for a great glacial age river of the Poland Polish and north Germany German plain, which drained the combined melt waters from the northern headwaters of the Alps and the southern part of the Scandinavia n ice during the Devensian ice age . geology stub palaeogeography stub Category Ice ages Category Geology Category Paleogeography ... more details
Tectonophysics , a branch of geophysics , is the study of the physical processes that underlie plate tectonic s. In particular, the field of tectonophysics encompasses the spatial patterns of stress mechanics stress , strain , and differing rheology rheologies in the lithosphere and asthenosphere of the Earth, and the relationships between these patterns and the observed patterns of deformation due to plate tectonics. See also Rock mechanics Geodynamics Plate tectonics continental drift seafloor spreading palaeogeography See Earth for information on the structure of the planet. External links http www.agu.org sections tectonophysics overview.html AGU Tectonophysics Section Category Geophysics Category Tectonics Geophysics stub tectonics stub es Tectonof sica ru ... more details
Oldhamia is an ichnogenus describing burrows produced by organisms mining underneath microbial mats. It was common from the Ediacaran into the Cambrian, when it was forced into progressively deeper waters to avoid the increasing predation. ref name Seilacher2005 cite journal author Seilacher, Adolf coauthors Luis A. Buatoisb, M. Gabriela M ngano date 2005 10 07 title Trace fossils in the Ediacaran Cambrian transition Behavioral diversification, ecological turnover and environmental shift journal Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology volume 227 issue 4 pages 323 356 doi 10.1016 j.palaeo.2005.06.003 year 2005 ref It was named after the British geologist Thomas Oldham . References reflist trace fossil stub Category Paleontology ... more details
for the Amberian Dawn single Arctica song Arctica was an ancient continent which formed approximately 2.5 billion years ago in the Neoarchean Era geology era . It consisted of the Canadian Shield Canadian and Siberia continent Siberian Shield geography shield s, and is now roughly situated in the Arctic around the current North Pole . Arctica joined with the continents Atlantica and Nena supercontinent Nena about one billion years ago to form the supercontinent , Rodinia . See also List of supercontinents External links Continents of the world Category Historical continents Category Archaean Category Proterozoic Category Natural history of Asia Category Natural history of North America Category Prehistory of the Arctic palaeogeography stub de Arctica Kontinent it Arctica nl Arctica geologie nn Arktika vi Arctica zh ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Bihariosaurus image image width 200px image caption regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Reptile Reptilia superordo Dinosaur ia ordo Ornithischia subordo Cerapoda infraordo Ornithopoda familia genus Bihariosaurus genus authority Marinescu, 1989 subdivision ranks Species subdivision Bihariosaurus bauxiticus type species Bihariosaurus meaning Bihar lizard was a genus of camptosaurid dinosaur from Late Cretaceous Romania . The type species , Bihariosaurus bauxiticus , was described by Marinescu in 1989. It was similar to Camptosaurus , and was an iguanodont . References Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 130 1997 275 292 identification may be doubtful or disputed http www.thescelosaurus.com iguanodontia.htm Iguanodontia from Thescelosaurus website Portal Dinosaurs Category Dinosaurs of Europe Category Iguanodonts Category Cretaceous dinosaurs Dinosaur stub es Bihariosaurus it Bihariosaurus bauxiticus pl Bihariozaur sv Bihariosaurus bauxiticus vo Bihariosaurus zh ... more details
Bridget Allchin born 1927, Oxford, England is an archaeologist who specializes in South Asian archaeology. She has published many works, some co authored with her late husband F. Raymond Allchin 1923&ndash 2010 . Selected works The Stone Tipped Arrow 1966 The Prehistory and Palaeogeography of the Great Indian Desert 1978 The Rise of Civilization in India and Pakistan 1982 with F. Raymond Allchin External links http www.allchin.net archaeologists.html Allchin files Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Allchin, Bridget ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Allchin, Bridget Category 1927 births Category Living people Category British archaeologists Category Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London Category Fellows of Wolfson College, Cambridge Category People from Oxford UK archaeologist stub ... more details
Infobox SSSI image name Brede Pit and Cutting aos East Sussex interest Geological gridref gbmappingsmall TQ832184 latitude 50.936 longitude 0.608 area convert 0.54 ha abbr on notifydate Start date 1990 enref 1005722 Brede Pit and Cutting is a Convert 0.54 ha geological Site of Special Scientific Interest in the parish of Brede, East Sussex , England . The site was SSSI notification notified in 1990 under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 . The site is important for the study of palaeogeography , sedimentology and palaeoecology . References div class references small cite paper title SSSI Citation &mdash Brede Pit and Cutting publisher Natural England url http www.english nature.org.uk citation citation photo 1005722.pdf format PDF accessdate 2008 10 25 div EastSussex geo stub SSSI East Sussex Category Sites of Special Scientific Interest in East Sussex Category Sites of Special Scientific Interest notified in 1990 ... more details
CEXNAV The Trigoides genus is known from fossils from the Maotianshan Shales Chengjiang Lagerst tte . ref Chen, Luo, Hu, Yin, Jiang, Wu, Li & Chen 2002 . Early Cambrian Chengjiang fauna in eastern Yunnan, China. Kunming, China Yunnan Science & Technology Press. In Chinese ref It may be a type of ctenophore . ref Conway Morris 2006 , Phil Trans R Soc B , 361 1069 83 ref ref Hu, Steiner, Zhu, Erdtmann, Luo, Chen, Weber 2007 . Diverse pelagic predators from the Chengjiang Lagerst tte and the establishment of modern style pelagic ecosystems in the early Cambrian. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , 254 1 2 307 316 ref References reflist Category Ctenophores ... more details
Wealden Lake was a freshwater lake which existed over the lands now considered to be northern France and southern England during the early Cretaceous around 140 million years ago . Alluvial plain s and river delta deltas spread from the uplands surrounding the area where London now stands and eventually ran into this great lake. Global tectonic shift during the mid to late Cretaceous especially in the Maastrichtian raised, tilted and thereby drained Wealden Lake. It would have been around the size of the Caspian Sea at its best preserved extent during the early Cretaceous. Strata associated with Wealden Lake have been prosperous for paeleontologists, providing the mysterious Baryonyx dinosaur among many other finds. Category Former lakes Palaeogeography stub ... more details
An epeiric sea also known as an epicontinental sea is a shallow sea that extends over part of a continent . Epeiric seas are usually associated with the Marine ocean marine Transgression geology transgressions of the Geology geologic past, which have variously been due to either global Eustasy eustatic sea level changes, local Plate tectonics tectonic deformation, or both, and are occasionally semi cyclic. They can be warm or cold several were present at the end of the last Ice Age , when sea level rose more rapidly than some areas could Isostasy isostatically adjust. Modern examples are the Java Sea in Indonesia, Persian Gulf, ref cite book last McCabe first Peter J. editor Judith Totman Parrish title Controls on the Distribution and Quality of Cretaceous Coals publisher Geological Society of America date 1992 isbn 0813722675 ref the North Sea , and Hudson Bay . Examples Champlain Sea Sundance Sea Turgai Sea Tyrrell Sea Western Interior Seaway Zechstein Zechstein Sea See also Inland sea geology Sequence stratigraphy References reflist Category Historical geology Category Bodies of water palaeogeography stub ca Mar epicontinental et elfimeri es Mar epicontinental fr Mer picontinentale it Mare epicontinentale nn Grunnhav pl Morze epikontynentalne uk ... more details
Asiamerica was a large island formed from the Laurasia n landmass and separated by shallow continental seas from Eurasia to the West and eastern North America to the East. This region incorporated what are now China , Mongolia , western USA and western Canada . Fossil evidence tells us that it was home to many dinosaur s and archaic mammal s. It existed during the Late Cretaceous to Eocene periods. But it formed again when the Pleistocene Ice Age started, although Asia only connected America by a glacier across the pacific that connected Asia and Alaska . The highest part of this continent is in Greenland and the lowest submerged near the North Pole . See also List of supercontinents References http www.findarticles.com p articles mi qa3790 is 199911 ai n8871715 The early evolution of the Tyrannosauridae in Asia http www.greatwebsights.com dinosaurs intro.htm Dinosaurs sub heading The Earth of the Dinosaur http www.palaeos.com Earth Geography Asiamerica.htm Palaeos website Continents of the world Category Historical continents Category Cretaceous Category Paleocene Category Eocene Category Natural history of Asia Category Natural history of North America palaeogeography stub fr Asiam rique it Asiamerica no Asiamerika nn Asiamerika vi Asiamerica ... more details
Infobox SSSI image name Seavington St. Mary aos Somerset interest Geological gridref gbmappingsmall ST400144 latitude 50.92592 longitude 2.85507 displaymap Somerset area convert 0.3 ha km2 sqmi notifydate Start date 1971 enref 1000401 Seavington St. Mary gbmapping ST400144 is a 0.3 hectare geological Site of Special Scientific Interest near the village of Seavington St Mary in Somerset , SSSI notification notified in 1971. Extensive exposures through much of the Inferior Oolite . This is the most westerly outcrop of this formation in England. It is thus of considerable importance in interpreting the local stratigraphy and sedimentology in relation to the palaeogeography of south west England in Middle Jurassic times. A valuable Aalenian Bajocian locality affording a prime educational and research facility. Source http www.english nature.org.uk citation citation photo 1000401.pdf English Nature citation sheet for the site accessed 10 August 2006 External links http www.english nature.org.uk English Nature website SSSI information SSSIs Somerset geological Category Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Somerset Category Sites of Special Scientific Interest notified in 1971 ... more details
Infobox SSSI image name Northiam aos East Sussex interest Geological gridref gbmappingsmall TQ829253 latitude 50.998 longitude 0.608 area convert 0.30 ha abbr on notifydate Start date 1998 enref 2000200 Northiam is a Site of Special Scientific Interest in the county of East Sussex , England. It is a disused quarry, partially flooded, revealing structures of geological interest. The disused and partially flooded quarry at Northiam displays an excellent section through the Northiam Sandstone Member of the Wadhurst Clay Formation, for which this is the Type locality geology type locality . The rocks comprise complex channel fill sandstones including sedimentary bar forms and current direction indicators . br The site is important for the study of the Wadhurst Clay Formation palaeoenvironments and palaeogeography . It is particularly important for comparison with other sandstone members of the Hastings Beds Group clay formations. References div class references small cite paper title SSSI Citation &mdash Northiam publisher Natural England url http www.english nature.org.uk citation citation photo 2000200.pdf format PDF accessdate 2008 11 08 div EastSussex geo stub SSSI East Sussex Category Sites of Special Scientific Interest in East Sussex Category Sites of Special Scientific Interest notified in 1998 ... more details
taxobox fossil range fossil range Mid Ordovician Mid Devonian latest Carboniferous ref ref name Vinn2008 image CornulitidOrdovician.jpg image caption Cornulitid on a brachiopod valve Upper Ordovician, SE Indiana regnum Animal ia phylum Mollusca ? classis Tentaculita ordo Cornulitida subdivision ranks Genera subdivision Cornulites Conchicolites Cornulitella Cornulitozoon Opatozoon Reticornulites Septalites Coralloconchus Cornulitida is an extinct order of encrusting animals from the tentaculite Tentaculita class, which were common across the globe in the Ordovician to Devonian oceans, and survived until the Carboniferous . ref name Vinn2008 cite journal doi 10.1016 j.palaeo.2008.12.004 title Attempted predation on Early Paleozoic cornulitids year 2008 author Vinn, O journal Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology ref The organisms had shells, and were subject to predation by boring and other means from the Ordovician onwards. Many survived attacks by predators. ref name Vinn2008 Their affinity is unknown they have been placed in many phyla, and have been considered worms, corals, molluscs and more. ref name Vinn2008 They appear to be closely related to other taxa of uncertain affinity, including the Microconchida microconchid s, trypanoporid s and tentaculitid s. ref name Vinn2008 References reflist Category Incertae sedis pt Cornulitidae ... more details
Taxobox image PlatyceratidMississippian.JPG image caption Conical platyceratid gastropod Palaeocapulus acutirostre attached to a crinoid Mississippian of Ohio regnum Animal ia phylum Mollusca classis Gastropoda unranked familia clade Neritimorpha superfamilia Platyceratoidea superfamilia authority Hall surname Hall , 1879 familia Platyceratidae familia authority Hall, 1879 subdivision ranks subdivision Platyceratidae is an extinct family biology family of Paleozoic gastropod s of uncertain position in the clade Neritimorpha according to the Taxonomy of the Gastropoda Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 . Platyceras and other platyceratid gastropods are known for the complex symbiotic relationships they had with crinoids . ref Baumiller T. K. 2003 . Evaluating the interaction between platyceratid gastropods and crinoids a cost benefit approach . Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 201 3 4 199 209. doi 10.1016 S0031 0182 03 00625 4 . ref This is the only family in the superfamily Platyceratoidea . Genera Platyceras Conrad, 1840 type genus Palaeocapulus Grabau & Shimer, 1909 References reflist commons category Platyceratidae Category Platyceratidae paleo gastropod stub Neritimorpha stub ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Bolboporites fossil range Ordovician image Bolboporites top view.jpg image caption Bolboporites top view Middle Ordovician, Russia image2 caption Bolboporites side view Middle Ordovician, Russia image2 Bolboporites side view.jpg regnum Animal ia phylum Echinoderm ata subphylum Blastozoa classis Eocrinoidea ordo familia genus Bolboporites genus authority subdivision ranks Species subdivision portal Paleontology Bolboporites is an extinct genus of conical echinoderm that lived in the Ordovician of Europe and North America . They are interpreted to have lived on the seafloor with the pointed end of the cone down in the sediment and the broad end upwards. A single brachiole extended from a hole in this top surface and bent into the current like the arms of crinoids Rozhnov and Kushlina, 1994 . It is likely an eocrinoid which diversified in the Baltic region and then migrated to North America Rozhnov, 2009 . References Rozhnov, S.V. 2009. Eocrinoids and paracrinoids of the Baltic Ordovician basin a biogeographical report. IGCP Meeting, Ordovician palaeogeography and palaeoclimate, Copenhagen, p. 16. Rozhnov, S.V. and Kushlina, V.B. 1994. Interpretation of new data on Bolboporites Pander, 1830 Echinodermata Ordovician , p. 179 180, in David, B., Guille, A., F ral, J. P. & Roux, M. eds. , Echinoderms through time Balkema, Rotterdam . paleo echinoderm stub Paleo stub Category Echinoderms ... more details
Taxobox regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a subphylum Chelicerata classis Merostomata ordo Eurypterida superfamilia Pterygotoidea superfamilia authority Clarke & Ruedemann, 1912 Pterygotoidea is an extinct superfamily biology superfamily of Palaeozoic eurypterid s, and includes the family Pterygotidae together with the more basal genera Hughmilleria , Herefordopterus and Slimonia . ref cite journal author O. Erik Tetlie & Derek E. G. Briggs year 2009 title The origin of pterygotid eurypterids Chelicerata Eurypterida journal Palaeontology journal Palaeontology volume 52 issue 5 pages 1141 1148 doi 10.1111 j.1475 4983.2009.00907.x ref A total of 56 species in 8 genera are included in the superfamily. ref cite journal author O. Erik Tetlie year 2007 title Distribution and dispersal history of Eurypterida Chelicerata journal Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology volume 252 issue 3 4 pages 557 574 url http fossilinsects.net pdfs tetlie 2007 PX3 DistribDispersalEurypterida.pdf format Portable Document Format PDF doi 10.1016 j.palaeo.2007.05.011 ref References reflist Category Eurypterida paleo arthropod stub ... more details
For all intermontane wikiarticles Special AllPages Intermontane wiktionary intermontane Intermontane is a physiographic adjective wiktionary compound Adjective formed from the prefix wiktionary inter inter signifying among, between, amid, during, within, mutual, reciprocal and the adjective wiktionary montane Adjective montane inhabiting, or growing in mountainous region s, especially cool, moist Highland geography upland slopes below the timberline . Usage includes intermontane basin such as New Zealand s Mackenzie Basin and intermontane steppe such as the List of ecoregions WWF Sayan Intermontane Steppe . The corresponding physiographic noun is intermountain , while the noun intermontane is an ecologic noun meaning among, between, amid, or within wiktionary montane Noun flora and fauna of a montane habitat . As an example, an Climate of the Alps alpine region would be an intermontane for a species that migrates between a glacial region and a subalpine region. Specify an actual example needs identified date January 2010 Intermontane may refer to Intermontane Belt , a physical geology physiogeological region in the North America n Pacific Northwest . Intermontane Plateaus , the United States physiographic region of the Intermountain West . In palaeogeography , intermontane may refer to Intermontane Islands , an ancient Pacific Ocean chain of volcanic island s of the Intermontane Plate that were active during the Triassic period. Intermontane Plate , an ancient oceanic tectonic plate on the west coast of North America about 195 million years ago. Intermontane Trench , an ancient oceanic trench of the Triassic period along the west coast of North America in the former Slide Mountain Ocean . Category Geography Topography stub Geology stub nl Intermontaan ru ... more details
Image Maximov Everything In the Past.jpg thumb 320px Vassily Maximov , Everything is in the past 1889 . Most generally, the past is a term used to indicate the totality of Spacetime Basic concepts events which occurred before a given point in time. The past is contrasted with and defined by the present and the future . The concept of the past is derived from the linear fashion in which human observers experience time , and is accessed through memory and recollection . In addition, human beings have recorded history recorded the past since the advent of written language. The past is the object of such fields as history , archaeology , archaeoastronomy , chronology , geology , historical geology , historical linguistics , law , ontology , paleontology , paleobotany , paleoethnobotany , palaeogeography , paleoclimatology , and physical cosmology cosmology . See also Antiquarian Archaism Artifact archaeology Fossil Historic preservation Museum Nostalgia Past tense Retro style References reflist Time Topics Category Philosophy of time Category Time bg ca Passat cs Minulost da Fortid de Vergangenheit et Minevik es Pasado eo Pasinteco eu Iragan fr Pass ko hr Pro lost it Passato he ht Y hu M lt mk ja no Fortid pl Przesz o pt Passado qu awpa pacha ru simple Past sk Minulos fi Menneisyys tl Nakaraan uk zh ... more details
Paibi zh c p P ib coord 28 23.37 N 109 31.54 E , a village in Hunan , China , is the location of the Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point GSSP which marks the boundary between the third and Furongian epochs of the Cambrian era on the geologic time scale . Paibi was selected over the Kyrshabakty River section , Malyi Karatau , Kazakhstan , and the GSSP was ratified by the International Union of Geological Sciences in late 2003. It established the first formally agreed upon subdivision of the Cambrian. The Paibi section occurs within the Huaqiao Formation , which consists of a thick succession of carbonate beds Deposition sediment deposited in the outer part of the Jiangnan Slope Belt , and extends from the middle Cambrian through the Lower Ordovician . It satisfies all the geology geological and biostratigraphy biostratigraphic requirements for a GSSP, is readily accessible, and includes chemostratigraphy chemostratigraphic , Palaeogeography palaeogeographic , facies relationship, and sequence stratigraphy stratigraphic information. The section lies at an elevation of 774 metre s. The evolution of Glyptagnostus reticulatus an Agnostida agnostoid trilobite from more Basal phylogenetics basal species of the Glyptagnostus genus marks the boundary. Other markers which occur near the boundary include the first appearance of the conodont Westergaardodina proligula and the Steptoean positive carbon isotope excursion , a large positive shift in carbon 13 isotope s. References cite web url http www.uni wuerzburg.de palaeontologie ISCS casu Paibi.htm title Proposed Global Standard Stratotype Section and Point for the Paibian Stage and Furongian Series Upper Cambrian accessdate 2006 06 30 cite web url http www.iugs.org iugs news china paibian gspike.htm title Another Golden Spike in China publisher International Union of Geological Sciences date 28 November 2003 accessdate 2006 06 30 Dead link date October 2010 bot H3llBot Category Villages in China Category Stratig ... more details
Infobox SSSI image name Dundry Main Road South Quarry aos Avon interest Geological gridref gbmappingsmall ST566654 latitude 51.38598 longitude 2.62506 displaymap Somerset area convert 1.8 acre km2 sqmi notifydate Start date 1974 enref 1002681 Dundry Main Road South Quarry gbmapping ST566654 is a 0.7 hectare geological Site of Special Scientific Interest near the village of East Dundry , North Somerset , SSSI notification notified in 1974. The quarry was cited in the last century by d Orbigny as the English type section for the Inferior Oolite . Dundry has long been a famous Paleontology palaeontological and stratigraphic locality. The type locality for many species of molluscs and brachiopods , as well as other lesser groups, it is renowned as one of the world s most fossiliferous exposures with well over two hundred species recorded. The Main Road Quarry exposes a fine section in the Middle and Upper Inferior Oolite, with the rocks lying stratigraphically below them visible at Barns Batch Spinney . The former characterised by a typically southern English Normandy fauna, including the rich ammonite occurrences of the Brown iron shot , and the latter by contrasting faunas of Cotswolds Cotswold aspect. This contrast is direct evidence for movements of the Mendip Axis in Middle Jurassic times, making this an outstanding site for its bearing on studies of palaeogeography . ref cite web title Dundry Main Road South Quarry work English Nature url http www.english nature.org.uk citation citation photo 1002681.pdf accessdate 2006 07 10 ref References div class references small references div Chew Valley SSSIs Avon geological Category Bath and North East Somerset Category Mendip Hills Category Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Avon Category Sites of Special Scientific Interest notified in 1974 ... more details
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