Wiktionary Pacification may refer to The restoration of peace through a declaration or peace treaty Pacification of Ghent , an alliance of several provinces of the Netherlands signed on November 8, 1576 Treaty of Berwick 1639 , or Pacification of Berwick , signed on June 18, 1639 between England and Scotland Pacification Sejm , one of several sessions of the Sejm, especially the one in 1736 concluding the civil war in the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth Pacification of 1917 , between religious and secular sects in the Netherlands A military or police action Pacification of Algeria 1835 1903 , French military operations which aimed to put an end to various tribal rebellions Occupation of Araucan a 1861 1883 , also Pacification of the Araucan a , the actions which led to the incorporation of Araucan a into Chile Pacification of Ukrainians in Eastern Galicia 1930 , a punitive action of Polish police against the Ukrainian minority in Poland Pacification of Manchukuo , a campaign during the Second Sino Japanese War March 1932 1941 Pacification operations in German occupied Poland , the use of German military force to suppress Polish resistance during World War II Pacification of Tonkin , a military and political campaign undertaken by the French in northern Vietnam Pacification of Wujek , a strike breaking action against miners in Katowice, Poland December 16, 1981 Dutch intervention in Lombok and Karangasem or Pacification of Lombok in 1894 Other meanings Violent Pacification an album by Dirty Rotten Imbeciles Army of Cuban Pacification Medal , medal issued to members of the US occupation force in Cuba following the Spanish American War 1906 1909 Disambig es Pacificaci n pl Pacyfikacja ... more details
dablink Castilia , Castilla and Castille redirect here. wiktionary Castile Castilla Castile is derived from a word meaning castle and may refer to People Brooke Castile b. 1986 , American pairs figure skater Javier Castilla b. 1981 , professional Colombian squash player Simeon Castille b. 1985 , NFL cornerback Hadley Castille b. 1933 , Cajun fiddler Castilian people , inhabitants of those regions in Spain Places Spain County of Castile , one of the medieval counties of the Kingdom of Le n, AD 850 1035 Kingdom of Castile , one of the medieval kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula, 1035 1230 Crown of Castile , historic entity, usually considered to have begun in 1230 AD with the third and definitive union of the two kingdoms of Le n and Castile, 1230 1716 Old Castile , 18th century historic northern region of Castile New Castile Spain , 18th century historic southern region of CastileCastile historical region , regional hub of Castile. Castile and Le n , autonomous community of modern Spain roughly similar to Old CastileCastile La Mancha , autonomous community of modern Spain roughly similar to New Castille Central America Castilla de Oro , 16th century Central American territory from the Gulf ... Castile , gubernatiorial region administered to Francisco Pizarro in 1528 by King Charles V, the region ... Castile town , New York , Wyoming County Castile village , New York , Wyoming County Science Castilia ... Madrid Other Castile soap , name used for soap made with olive oil originating from the Castile region ... region of Castile La Mancha Castille a fictional character in Phantom Brave . See also intitle Castile intitle Castilla Castella , popular Japanese sponge cake Castilian disambiguation geodis surname DEFAULTSORT Castile ast Castiella br Kastilha bg cy Castilla de Castilla es Castilla ... lv Kast lija lt Kastilija reik m s nl Castilla nn Castilla oc Castelha omonimia pl Castile pt Castela desambigua o simple Castile sk Kast lia rozli ovacia str nka te war Castilla ... more details
Pacification sejm lang pl Sejm pacyfikacyjny refers to a type of the sejm parliament session in the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth . The pacification sejms were held after a period of conflict to bring peace and unity to the country, usually after a disputed royal election . Pacification sejms were held in Pacification Sejm 1586 1586 , Pacification Sejm 1673 1673 , Pacification Sejm 1698 1698 , Pacification Sejm 1699 1699 , Pacification Sejm 1717 1717 and Pacification Sejm 1736 1736 . Category Sejm pl Sejm pacyfikacyjny Poland hist stub ... more details
refimprove date January 2010 Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Violent Pacification Type ep Artist Dirty Rotten Imbeciles Cover Dri violentpacification.jpg Released 1984 Recorded Genre Thrashcore , hardcore punk Length Label R Radical Records Dirty Rotten Producer Last album Dirty Rotten LP Dirty Rotten br 1983 This album Violent Pacification br 1984 Next album Dealing with It br 1985 Album ratings rev1 Allmusic rev1score Rating 4.5 5 ref Allmusic class album id r4989 pure url yes Allmusic review ref Automatically generated by DASHBot Violent Pacification is an EP by the United States American crossover thrash band Dirty Rotten Imbeciles D.R.I. , which was released in 1984. Track listing Violent Pacification Running Around Couch Slouch To Open Closed Doors Personnel Spike Cassidy Guitar Backing vocals Josh Pappe Bass Eric Brecht Drums Backing vocals Kurt Brecht Lead vocals References Reflist D.R.I. Category D.R.I. albums Category 1984 EPs es Violent Pacification it Violent Pacification pt Violent Pacification fi Violent Pacification ... more details
Image Allegorie Pacificatie van Gent.jpg 250px thumb right Allegory depicting the Pacification of Ghent by Adriaen van de Venne Adriaen Pietersz van de Venne The Pacification of Ghent , signed on November 8, 1576, was an alliance of the provinces of the Habsburg Netherlands for the purpose of driving mutinying Spanish Empire Spanish mercenary troops from the country, and at the same time a peace treaty with the rebelling provinces Holland and Zeeland . Background main Dutch Revolt In 1567 king Philip II of Spain , the overlord of the Habsburg Netherlands, sent Fernando lvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba as governor general to the Netherlands with an army of Spanish mercenaries to restore order after the political upheavals of 1566 that culminated in the Iconoclasm Reformation iconoclasm Iconoclastic fury of that year. He soon replaced the most important advisors of the former Regent Margaret of Parma by summarily executing them, such as the counts of Lamoral, Count of Egmont Egmont and Philip de Montmorency, Count of Hoorn Hoorn , or by driving them into exile, such as William the Silent ... brought disaffection with the Brussels government to a boil in the summer of 1576. The Pacification ... after the deaths of Charles the Bold in 1477 and Philip I of Castile Philip the Handsome in 1506 .... ref name Koenigsberger, p. 272 The Pacification therefore bore the aspects of both a peace treaty between ... union was concluded on January 9, 1577 by the first Union of Brussels . Aftermath The problem with the Pacification ... in April 1577, the provinces started to diverge again. Don Juan signed the Pacification on February ... to submit to it. Neither would they give up the fortresses they had occupied, as provided for in the Pacification ... Text of the Pacification of Ghent http www.britannica.com eb article?tocId 9036681 Ghent, Pacification ... DEFAULTSORT Pacification Of Ghent Category 1576 in law Category 1576 in Europe Category Treaties of Flanders ... of Belgium Category 16th century treaties de Genter Pazifikation es Pacificaci n de Gante fr Pacification ... more details
Refimprove date February 2010 The Pacification of 1917 is an event in Politics of the Netherlands Dutch politics . In 1917 the constitution of the Netherlands constitution was changed by the extra parliamentary cabinet led by Pieter Cort van der Linden in order to resolve the antithesis Netherlands antithesis between religious and secular parties. It implemented both universal suffrage , proportional representation and Schoolstrijd equal funding for all schools both public secular and private religious . ref cite book last Hooker first Mark year 2009 title Freedom of Education The Dutch Political Battle for State Funding of all Schools both Public and Private 1801 1920 isbn 1440493421 pages 26 27, 97 ref References Reflist Category Political history of the Netherlands Category 1917 in politics Netherlands hist stub nl Pacificatie van 1917 ... more details
Infobox Military Conflict conflict Pacification of Libya image caption partof place Libya date 1928 &ndash 1932 result Italian military victory and stabilization of Italian rule in Libya. Defeat of the Cyrenaican and Tripolitanian rebels. Mass deaths of Cyrenaican indigenous civilians. Execution of Senussi Cyrenaican rebel leader Omar Mukhtar . combatant1 flag Kingdom of Italy crowned combatant2 flagicon image Flag of Cyrenaica.svg Cyrenaica Cyrenaican rebels br flagicon image Flag of Vilayet i Trablusgarp.svg Tripolitania Tripolitanian rebels commander1 flagicon Kingdom of Italy crowned Rodolfo Graziani br flagicon Kingdom of Italy crowned Pietro Badoglio commander2 flagicon image Flag of Cyrenaica.svg Omar Mukhtar strength1 strength2 casualties1 casualties2 Approximately 56,000 Cyrenaicans one quarter of the population of 225,000 people of Cyrenaica ref Michael Mann. The dark side of democracy explaining ethnic cleansing . 2nd edition. Cambridge, England, UK New York, New York, USA Cambridge University Press, 2006. Pp. 309. ref notes The Pacification of Libya is the name given to the conflict within the colony of Italian Libya between Italian military forces and Libyan rebels. The pacification resulted in mass deaths of the indigenous people in Cyrenaica one quarter of Cyrenaica s population of 225,000 people died during the conflict. ref Michael Mann. The dark side of democracy explaining ethnic cleansing . 2nd edition. Cambridge, England, UK New York, New York, USA Cambridge University Press, 2006. Pp. 309. ref Background After Italy had conquered Libya from the Ottoman ... attached to Libya as part of the Italian Empire , that resulted in the Pacification of Libya. ref ... John Wright. Libya A Modern History . Kent, England, UK Croom Helm, Ltd., 1983. Pp. 33. ref The Pacification The Pacification began in 1928 with Italian forces rapidly occupied the Sirte desert separating ... ended the resistance, and in January 1932, Badoglio proclaimed the end of the Pacification of Libya ... more details
File KWK Wujek krzyz.jpg thumb The Wujek massacre memorial The Pacification of Wujek was a strike breaking action by the Polish police and army at the Wujek Coal Mine in Katowice , Poland , culminating in the massacre of nine striking miner s on December 16, 1981. It was part of a large scale action aimed to break the Solidarity Polish trade union Solidarity free trade union after the introduction of martial law in Poland in 1981. The pacification was technically successful however, in a longer term, it turned out to be a milestone towards the collapse of the authoritarian system in Poland and, ultimately, to the collapse of the Eastern Bloc . It was a site of numerous protests, including by Solidarity activist Anna Walentynowicz who commemorated a plaque to the murdered miners shortly after she left prison at Go dap . The massacre On December 16, three days after the introduction of the martial law in Poland, pro Solidarity miners strike action striking against the declaration of the martial law by General Wojciech Jaruzelski were dispersed by the troops of the Polish army and police. The forces used in the main thrust against the miners consisted of eight Company military unit companies of riot police ZOMO , supported by ORMO police reservists and NOMO with seven water cannon s, three companies of military infantry fighting vehicle s each of 10 vehicles and one company of tanks. The miners repeatedly fought them off with their tools. During the brawl a number of strikers and 41 troops were injured, including 11 severely. In the apex of the events, a commando type special platoon of ZOMO opened the shoot to kill fire at the strikers, killing nine of them Jan Stawisi ski, Joachim Gnida, J zef Czekalski, Krzysztof Giza, Ryszard Gzik, Bogus aw Kopczak, Andrzej Pe ka, Zbigniew Wilk and Zenon Zaj c and wounding 21 others. One of the deaths took place after 20 or more days in hospital with severe head wounds. Aftermath The repressions after the pacification included sentencing ... more details
Refimprove date April 2011 Infobox Military Conflict conflict Pacification of Algeria partof French colonial campaigns image File Bonifacio L gion JPG1.jpg 250px caption Monument to the French Foreign Legion French Foreign L gionnaires who died during the South Oranese campaign date 1835 1903 place Algeria result French victory combatant1 Image Flag of France.svg 23px France combatant2 Arab s and Berbers commander1 General Thomas Robert Bugeaud Bugeaud br Mar chal de France Mar chal Jacques Louis Randon Randon commander2 Abd al Qadir al Jaza iri Abd El Kader br Lalla Fatma N Soumer br Cheikh El Mokrani strength1 strength2 casualties1 casualties2 Following the French conquest of Algeria conquest of the Regency of Algiers , the Pacification of Algeria consists of a series of military operations which aimed to put an end to various tribal rebellions, Ghazi warrior Razzia razzias and massacre s of French settlers, which were sporadically held in the Algerian countryside. The pacification of Algeria is an early example of unconventional warfare . Background After the conquest of Algeria by France and the defeat of Ottoman Empire Ottoman troops, France occupies the Regency of Algiers . The end of military resistance to the French presence did not mean that the region was pacified. France faced several tribal rebellions, settlers massacres and razzias in French Algeria . To pacify the region, many campaigns and pacification operations were conducted for nearly 70 years, from 1835 1903. Campaigns First Campaign against Abd el Kader 1835 1837 See also Abd al Qadir al Jaza iri Tribal elders in the territories near Mascara, Algeria Mascara chose twenty five year old Abd al Q dir Abd el Kader , to lead the jihad against the French. Abd al Q dir, who was recognized as Amir al Muminin commander of the faithful , quickly gained the support of tribes in the western territories. In 1834 ... of Defence ref References references Former French colonies DEFAULTSORT Pacification Of Algeria Category ... more details
French colonial campaigns The Pacification of Tonkin 1886 96 was a slow, frustrating but ultimately successful military and political campaign undertaken by the French colonial empire French Empire in the northern portion of Tonkin modern day north Vietnam to re establish order in the wake of the Sino French War August 1884 April 1885 , to entrench a French protectorate in Tonkin, and to suppress Vietnamese people Vietnamese opposition to French rule. Background Image Ferdinand Jamont.jpg thumb right 200px General Edouard Ferdinand Jamont 1831 1918 , the first commander of the Tonkin occupation division Following their colonisation of Cochinchina in the 1860s, the French attempted to extend their influence into Tonkin . A first, abortive attempt to intervene in Tonkin was made by Francis Garnier in 1873. Nine years later, in April 1882, Henri Rivi re naval officer Henri Rivi re seized the citadel of Hanoi , inaugurating the second French intervention. Although Rivi re s career ended in disaster a year later, with his defeat and death at the hands of the Black Flag Army at the Battle of Paper Bridge 19 May 1883 , Jules Ferry s expansionist government in France sent strong reinforcements to Tonkin to avenge this defeat. Although it would take many years before Tonkin was truly pacified, the second French attempt to subdue Tonkin was ultimately successful. In August 1883, in the wake of Admiral Am d e Courbet s victory at the Battle of Thuan An , the Vietnamese court at Hu was forced to recognise a French protectorate over both Annam French protectorate and Tonkin. ref Thomazi, Conqu te , 166 ref Efforts by the French to entrench their protectorate in Tonkin were complicated ... of the pacification Image Execution of pirate chief.jpg thumb right 200px Execution of a pirate chief ..., and in 1896 it became possible for French politicians to speak of the pacification of Tonkin ... 1883 86 French Indochina Wars in Vietnam 1858 1886 DEFAULTSORT Pacification Of Tonkin Category ... more details
dablinks date October 2011 Infobox military conflict conflict Pacification of Manchukuo partof Second Sino Japanese War image File IJA troops in Manchuria.jpg 300px caption Japanese troops in Manchuria, 1931 date November 4, 1931 to Spring 1941 place Manchukuo result Imperial Japanese and Manchurian Victory combatant1 flagicon image Flag of the Republic of China.svg Republic of China 1912 1949 Republic of China combatant2 flag Empire of Japan br flag Manchukuo commander1 flagicon Republic of China Ma Zhanshan br flagicon Republic of China Ting Chao br flagicon Republic of China Feng Zhanhai br flagicon Republic of China Tang Juwu br flagicon Republic of China Wang Fengge br flagicon Republic of China Wang Delin br flagicon Republic of China Su Bingwen br flagicon Republic of China Zhao Shangzhi br flagicon Republic of China Yang Jingyu br flagicon Republic of China Zhou Baozhong br flagicon Republic of China Li Zhaolin commander2 flagicon Empire of Japan Shigeru Honj br flagicon Empire of Japan Nobuyoshi Mut br flagicon Empire of Japan Takashi Hishikari br flagicon Empire of Japan Jir Minami br flagicon Empire of Japan Kenkichi Ueda br flagicon Empire of Japan Yoshijir Umezu br flagicon Empire of Japan Seishiro Itagaki br flagicon Manchukuo Xi Qia br flagicon Manchukuo Ma Zhanshan br flagicon Manchukuo Chang Hai peng strength1 Chinese 300,000 strength2 Japanese 84,000 br Manchurian 111,000 casualties1 ? casualties2 ? campaignbox Campaignbox Second Sino Japanese War The Pacification of Manchukuo , was a campaign to pacify the resistance to the newly established puppet state of Manchukuo between the Anti Japanese Volunteer Armies of Manchuria and later the Chinese Communist Party Communist Northeast Anti Japanese United Army and the Imperial Japanese Army and the forces of the Manchukuo government during the Second Sino Japanese War which took place from March 1932 until ... viewtopic.php?t 110707 Pacification of Manchukuo 1932 1941 includes some photos http www.time.com ... more details
Elvira of Castile may refer to Elvira of Castile, Queen of Le n 965 1017 Elvira of Toro 1038 9 1101 Elvira of Castile, Countess of Toulouse before 1082? 1151 Elvira of Castile, Queen of Sicily c. 1100 1135 See Also Elvira of Le n disambiguation hndis ... more details
Catherine of Castile may refer to Catherine of Lancaster , Queen consort of Castile Infanta Catherine, Duchess of Villena Catherine of Castile , Infanta of Castile and Aragon, Duchess of Villena Catherine, Princess of Asturias Catherine of Aragon , Infanta of Castile and Aragon, Queen consort of England Catherine of Austria, Queen of Portugal Catherine of Austria , Infanta of Castile and Aragon, Queen consort of Portugal dab ... more details
New Castile may refer to New Castile Spain from the Spanish Castilla la Nueva , a Spanish historical region in the southern part of the former Kingdom of Castile Governorate of New Castile from the Spanish Gobernaci n de Nueva Castilla , a region in the former overseas Spanish Empire Luzon , formerly known by its Spanish name of Nueva Castilla , the largest island in the Philippines disambig de Neukastilien ... more details
Sancha of Castile may refer to Sancha of Castile, Queen of Navarre c.1139 1179 ,daughter of Alfonso VII of Castile and his first wife Berenguela of Barcelona wife of Sancho VI of Navarre Sancha of Castile, Queen of Aragon 1154 5 1208 , daughter of King Alfonso VII of Castile by his second queen, Richeza of Poland wife of Alfonso II of Aragon hndis fr Sancha de Castille Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
Beatrice of Castile may refer to Beatrice of Castile 1242 1303 , married to Afonso III of Portugal Beatrice of Castile 1254 1286 , married to William VII, Marquess of Montferrat Beatrice of Castile 1293 1359 , married to Afonso IV of Portugal Beatrice of Castile died 1409 , mother of Enrique P rez de Guzm n, 2nd Count de Niebla hndis DEFAULTSORT Beatrice of Castile br Beatriz Kastilha ca Beatriu de Castella de Beatrix von Kastilien es Beatriz de Castilla desambiguaci n nl Beatrix van Castili ja pl Beatrycze Kastylijska pt Beatriz de Castela ... more details
Constable of Castile lang es Condestable de Castilla was a title created by John I of Castile John I , King of Crown of CastileCastile in 1382 , to substitute the title Alf rez Mayor del Reino . The constable was the second person in power in the kingdom, after the King, and his responsibility was to command the military in the absence of the ruler. In 1473 Henry IV of Castile made the title hereditary for the Velasco family and the Duke of Fr as Dukes of Fr as . After these changes, the title ceased to have any military or administrative connotations, and was simply an honorific title. List of Constables of Castile Alfons d Arag n Alonso de Arag n , natural son of Ferdinand II of Aragon Pedro Enrique de Trast mara , son of Fadrique Alfonso of Castile Ruy L pez de D valos lvaro de Luna Miguel Lucas de Iranzo Pedro Fern ndez de Velasco, 2nd Count of Haro Category Spanish nobility Category Spanish Army Category Military history of Spain Category 1382 establishments ca Conestable de Castella es Condestable de Castilla fr Conn table de Castille nl Condestable van Castili ... more details
la icon conventional long name Kingdom of Castile common name Kingdom of Castile national motto continent ... 1035 year end 1230 event start Fernando I becomes the first King of Castile event end Union with Le n event1 Rodrigo becomes the first Count of Castile date event1 850 event2 The County of Castile is unified by count Fern n Gonz lez date event2 931 event3 Castile becomes a kingdom date event3 1035 ... s2 Crown of Castile flag s2 Banner of arms crown of Castille Habsbourg style.svg image coat Kingdom of Castile Arms.svg image flag Flag of Castile.svg image map 506 Castile 1210.png image map caption A map of the Kingdom of Castile in 1210. capital Burgos , and Toledo, Spain Toledo . religion ... Galician Basque language Basque and Arabic Kingdom of Castile lang es Reino de Castilla , lang ... autonomous entity in the 9th century. It was called County of Castile and was held in vassal ... of the kingdoms that founded the Crown of Castile , and the Spain Kingdom of Spain . History ... reference to the name Castile Castilla can be found in a document written during AD 800. The name ... , protected by castles, tower s or castra . The County of Castile, bordered in the south by the Montes ... Visigothic and Mozarab origins. It had its own Romance dialect and laws. The first Count of Castile was Rodrigo of Castile Rodrigo in 850, under Ordo o I of Asturias and Alfonso III of Asturias ..., and a reduced Castile. In 931 the County was reunified by Count Fern n Gonz lez , who rose ... ib rica 1037.svg thumb 425px Kingdom of Castile 1037 The minority of Count Garc a S nchez led Castile ... Ferdinand as Count of Castile, marrying him to his uncle s intended bride, Sancha of Le n. Following Sancho s 1035 death, Castile returned to the nominal control of Le n, but Ferdinand, allying ..., Ferdinand then assumed the royal title as king of Le n and Castile, for the first time associating the royal title with the rule of Castile. When Ferdinand I died in 1065, the territories were divided ... more details
Coming to power in 1369, the House of Trast mara was a lineage of of rulers of the Crown of Castile Castilian and Crown of Aragon Aragonese thrones . The line of Trast maran royalty in Castile ruled throughout ... throne. This lineage ultimately ruled in Castile from the rise to power of Henry II of Castile Henry ... King Alfonso XI of Castile Alfonso XI in 1350, his eldest son, Peter, took control of the Castilian throne as Peter of Castile Peter I of Castile . Peter was born to Alfonso and his wife, Maria ... when the Castilian crown signed a peace treaty with Aragon in 1360. File Pedro Castile beheading.jpg ... de France . Gaining support throughout Kingdom of CastileCastile because of his relation to Alfonso XI of Castile Alfonso XI and Peter s continuous military escapades, Henry built an alliance with Kingdom ..., and growing support in important cities in parts of Castile, Henry s forces again invaded the Castilian ... of his brother, Peter I of Castile. Henry II s Reign Following his killing of his half brother, Peter I, Henry of Trast mara took control of the crown of Castile as Henry II of Castile Henry II ... privileges. The public rise of this new class of nobles caused discontent and instability in Castile ... , and Emirate of Granada Granadian attempts to invade and take control of Castile. Henry made an agreement ... put the Trast maras in control of both Castile and Aragon, comprising a majority of the Iberian Peninsula ... as John I of Castile. During his reign, John took Beatriz, daughter of the Portuguese King Fernando ... being carried out against Jews throughout Castile. Among the young king s accomplishments was his taking of control of the Canary Islands, providing Castile with a holding in the Atlantic Ocean .... The Trast maras now ruled in both the realms of Castile and Aragon. 1418 1469 Conflict within ... of Aragon, who had been given large amounts of land in Castile while their father worked as regent during John II s childhood. John II lacked widespread authority, and Castile became a battlefield for nobles ... more details
File Castile Soap.jpg thumb right A bar of Castile soap. Castile soap is a name used in English language English speaking countries for olive oil based soap made in a style similar to that originating in the Castile historical region Castile region of Spain . History The origins of Castile Soap can be traced back to The Levant where Aleppo soap artisans have been making an olive and laurel oil based hard soap for millennia. It is commonly believed that the Crusaders brought Aleppo Soap back to Europe with them in the 11th century. Following the Crusades, production of this soap was extended to the whole Mediterranean area. The first European soap making factories were created in the 12th century in Spain Alicante, Malaga, Carthagene and Castile and in Italy Naples, Savone, Genoa, Bologna and Venice and then, in the middle of the 15th century, in Marseille France, giving birth to Marseille soap . ref http www.syriahandmade.com galleries soap text soap 1.htm . Retrieved September 2011. ref However, early soap makers in Europe did not have easy access to laurel oil and therefore dropped it from their formulations thereby creating an olive oil soap now known as Castile soap. Importations of Castile soap through Antwerp appear in the London port books of 1567&ndash 68 Dietz 1972 , though the Oxford English Dictionary has no references to Castile soap earlier than 1616. In his article http www.pharmj.com Editorial 19991218 articles soap.html A short history of soap , John Hunt maintains that barilla an impure form of sodium carbonate obtained from plant ashes was boiled with locally available olive oil, instead of tallow . By adding brine to the boiled liquor, the soap was made to float to the surface, where it could be skimmed off by the soap boiler, leaving the excess lye and impurities ... Society . External links http candleandsoap.about.com od soaprecipes a castrecipe.htm Castile Soap Recipes Make your own Castile Soap Hunt, John A. 1999 . http www.pharmj.com Editorial 19991218 articles ... more details
la Corona Castellae la icon conventional long name Crown of Castile common name Castile continent ..., years and dates year start 1230 year end 1716 event start Union of the Kingdoms of Castile and Le n ... of the Americas date event2 12 October 1492 event3 Union of the Crowns of Castile and Aragon ... and s1 to s5 p1 Kingdom of Castile image p1 File Estandarte del Reino de Castilla.svg 25px Castile ... Flag of Castile and Le n image coat Escudo de la Corona de Castilla.svg image map Corona de Castilla 1400 en.svg image map caption The Crown of Castile following the 1230 unification of the Kingdoms of Castile and Leon. common languages Official language br Latin language Latin , Spanish language Castilian ... of Castile ref name term group nb was a medieval and modern state in the Iberian Peninsula ... of Kingdom of CastileCastile and Kingdom of Le n Le n upon the accession of the then King Ferdinand III of Castile to the vacant Leonese throne. It continued to exist as a separate entity after the personal union of the crowns of Castile and Crown of Aragon Aragon with the marriage of the Catholic ... also considered part of the Crown of Castile. Two kingdoms Le n and Castile main Kingdom of Le n Kingdom of Castile The Kingdom of Le n arose out of the Kingdom of Asturias . The Kingdom of Castile appeared ... to Alfonso VI of Castile Alfonso VI , Castile to Sancho II of Castile Sancho II , and Galicia to Garc a of Galicia and Portugal Garc a . From 1072 until 1157 under Alfonso VI died 1109 , Urraca of Castile Urraca died 1126 , and Alfonso VII of Castile Alfonso VII . From 1111 until 1126 Galicia was separate ... II of Le n Ferdinand II receiving Le n and Sancho III of Castile Sancho III Castile. Ferdinand III received the Kingdom of Castile from his mother, Queen Berengaria of Castile , in 1217 ... united under the name of the Kingdom of Le n and Castile, or simply as the Crown of Castile. Ferdinand ... from Al Andalus, further extending the area of the Crown of Castile. Given this, the kings of the Crown ... more details
Alabaster sculpture of Peter the Cruel, from 1504 succession King of Kingdom of CastileCastile ... II of Castile Henry II succession1 King of Castile and Le n reign1 1367 1369 predecessor1 Henry II successor1 Henry II spouse Blanche of Bourbon br Juana de Castro issue Infanta Constance of Castile Constance, Duchess of Lancaster br Infanta Isabella of Castile Isabella, Duchess of York issue link Children issue pipe among others... house Anscarids House of Burgundy father Alfonso XI of Castile mother Maria of Portugal, Queen of Castile Maria of Portugal birth date Birth date 1334 08 30 df y birth place Burgos , Crown of CastileCastile death date Death date and age 1369 03 23 1334 08 30 df ... of Crown of CastileCastile and Le n from 1350 to 1369. He was the son of Alfonso XI of Castile and Maria of Portugal, Queen of Castile Maria of Portugal , ref Estow, Clara, Pedro the Cruel of Castile, 1350 1369 , BRILL, 1995 , 30. ref daughter of Afonso IV of Portugal . Peter was the last ... III of England on her way to Castile, however, she travelled through cities infested with the Black .... He was assailed by his bastard brother Henry II of Castile Henry of Trast mara at the head of a host ... a period of anti Jewish riots and forced conversion s in Castile that lasted approximately ... broke down, and he left the Iberian Peninsula . Meanwhile, Henry of Trast mara returned to Castile historical region Castile in September, 1368. The cortes parliament of the city of Burgos recognized him as King of Castile. Others followed, including C rdoba, Spain C rdoba , Palencia , Valladolid , and Ja n ... Peter, also remembered the king positively. Geoffrey Chaucer visited Castile during Peter s reign ... since the crisis at the end of the rule of Alfonso X of Castile Alfonso X had been involved in multiple ... been started by the Plantagenet right since their accession to the throne of England with Castile and Navarre to keep in check the French Crown since the marriages of Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile ... more details
Other persons Constance of Castile Infobox royalty consort yes name Constance of Castile succession Queen consort of France image Constance Castile odLouise7.jpg imgw 160 caption reign 1154 1160 coronation spouse Louis VII of France issue Margaret of France 1158 1197 Margaret, Queen of Hungary br Alys, Countess of the Vexin house House of Capet titles father Alfonso VII of Le n and Castile mother Berenguela of Barcelona birth date 1141 birth place death date 4 October death year and age 1160 1141 death place Constance of Castile 1141 4 October 1160 was the second wife of Louis VII of France Louis VII, King of France , following his divorce from Eleanor of Aquitaine . She was a daughter of Alfonso VII of Le n Alphonse VII , Imperator totius Hispaniae King of Galicia, Le n and Castile , and Berenguela of Barcelona . Her maternal grandparents were Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona and his third wife Douce I, Countess of Provence . The official reason for her husband s divorce from Eleanor of Aquitaine had been that he was too close a relative of Eleanor for the marriage to be legal by Church standards however, he was even more closely related to Constance. Constance died giving birth ... 4 background color bfc boxstyle 5 background color 9fe 1 1. Constance of Castile 2 2. Alfonso VII of Le n and Castile 3 3. Berengaria of Barcelona 4 4. Raymond of Burgundy 5 5. Urraca of Le n and Castile 6 6. Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona 7 7. Douce I, Countess of Provence 8 8. William I, Count of Burgundy 9 9. Stephanie 10 10. Alfonso VI of Le n and Castile 11 11. Constance of Burgundy ... of Normandy 18 19 20 20. Ferdinand I of Le n and Castile 21 21. Sancha of Le n 22 22. Robert I, Duke ..., Eleanor of Aquitaine Image Constance of Castile 02.JPG thumb left 200px Constance of Castile, wife ... 1154&ndash 1160 S end French consorts Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Castile, Constance ... 1160 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Castile, Constance Of Category 1141 births Category 1160 deaths ... more details
Le n . With the establishment of the Autonomous communities of Spain autonomous community of Castile ... became La Rioja autonomous community La Rioja . See also Castile historical region New Castile Spain New CastileCastile and Le n References This article draws on the es Castilla la Vieja corresponding ... of Spain Category Castile spain geo stub Spain hist stub ast Castiella la Vieya ca Castella la Vella ... more details
008000 Territories administered by the Council of Castile legend f5ab12 Territories administered ... of Castile lang es Real y Supremo Consejo de Castilla , known earlier as the Royal Council lang es Consejo Real , was a ruling body and key part of the domestic government of the Crown of Castile , second only to the monarch himself. It was established under Isabella I of Castile Queen Isabella ... of both Castile and Crown of Aragon Aragon , the Royal Council came to be known as the Council of Castile because Charles was king of many dominions other than Castile, while the Council retained responsibility only over Castile. During periods in which there was no monarch, an absent monarch ... century in 1385 by John I of Castile King John after the disaster at the Battle of Aljubarrota . It consisted ... of Castile Castilian government, in the Old World and New World Requerimiento To offer consideration ... To serve as the supreme court of justice of the Kingdom of Castile To have all members of the Council ... once more. Philip I of Castile King Philip I was an ineffective ruler who only reigned two ... of Castile Joanna I of Castile , and her six year old son Charles of Ghent, the future Emperor Charles ... s father King Ferdinand II, whose claim to rule Castile with his wife s death was rather weak, but no other plausible choice than his being regent existed. Ferdinand was often an absent ruler of Castile ... on Castile, with its ambitions over all Europe. Charles was the King, becoming Charles V Holy ... member of the Royal Council and declared to the Cortes of A Coru a Corunna that Castile was to be the empire ... At some point in this time period, the Royal Council became known as the Council of Castile, to reflect that the Council s power extended only over Castile and not the whole empire. With the growth ... Guttinara , 1472 1532 the Council of Castile expanded and split. Between the years 1522 1524 the Council of Castile reorganized the government of the Kingdom of Navarre , dismissing its viceroy, the House ... more details
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