Marxist theory The organiccomposition of capital OCC is a concept created by Karl Marx in his critique ... . In Capital Vol. 3 Marx demonstrates that the organiccomposition of capital decisively influences ... the technical composition of capital. Between the two there is a strict correlation. To express this, I call the value composition of capital, in so far as it is determined by its technical composition and mirrors the changes of the latter, the organiccomposition of capital. In his discussion ... of a rise in the organiccomposition of capital is a declining rate of profit for every new ... and statistical dispute among economists about whether the organiccomposition of capital really does ... from the 1830s onwards is certainly favourable to Marx s theory of the rising organiccomposition of capital ... the organiccomposition of capital. Likewise, non profitable war production can also lower the average ... Reati, The Rate of Profit and the OrganicComposition of Capital in West German Industry from ... Verlag, 2003. DEFAULTSORT OrganicComposition Of Capital Category Marxist theory de Zusammensetzung ... compositionorganic , because it refers to the relationship between living and dead or inert elements ... composition of capital is a necessary effect of capital accumulation and competition in the sphere ... important factor in this inquiry is the composition of capital and the changes it undergoes in the course of the process of accumulation . The composition of capital is to be understood in a two fold ... 1894 c3 ch08.htm Ratios The value composition of capital VCC is usually expressed as a ratio of constant ... from product sales. Measures An empirical proxy measure for the technical composition of capital ... composition of capital VCC is usually measured by summing the value of fixed capital Cf and intermediate ..., the plant and machinery intensive Crude oil oil industry would have a high organiccomposition ... economy can grow. Marx and Ricardo The different organic compositions of capital of different branches ... more details
wiktionary compose composed composited compositionComposition may refer to fallacy of compositionComposition logical fallacy , in which one assumes that a whole has a property solely because its various parts have that property Compound linguistics Compounding is also known as composition in linguistic literature in computer science Object composition , combining simpler data types into more complex data types, or function calls into calling functions Function composition computer science , an act or mechanism to combine simple functions to build more complicated ones Compositing window manager a component of a computer s graphical user interface that draws windows and or their borders in mathematics Composition number theory , a way of writing a positive integer as a sum of positive integers Function composition , an operation that takes functions and gives a single function as the result Relation composition , an operation that takes relations and gives a single relation as the result A law of composition, usually called a binary function in the arts Composition visual arts , the plan, placement or arrangement of the elements of art in a work Composition roller , cast from a hide glue and molasses used in brayer s and inking rollers for letterpress and other relief printing Composition language , in literature, oratory, and rhetoric, producing a work of spoken tradition or written literature Musical composition , an original piece of music and its creation Composition studies , the professional field of writing instruction Dance composition , practice and teaching of choreography Digital compositing , the practice of digitally piecing together a video See also Early Germanic law , concerning the use of the term composition , or making a payment instead of receiving a punishment. With reference to the modern period, see Ausgleich , also called the Composition of 1867 ... Kompositsioon es Composici n fr Composition hy hr Kompozicija it Composizione ka ... more details
, rather than the composition, of organisms Organic disease , involving or affecting physiology ...wiktionary organicOrganic may refer to Of or relating to an organism , a Life living entity Of or relating to an organ anatomy Chemistry Organic matter matter that has come from a once living organism, is capable of decay or the product of decay, or is composed of organic compound. Organic chemistry , chemistry involving organic compounds Organic compound , a compound that contains carbon although some carbon containing compounds are excluded . Farming, certification and products Organic farming ... fertilizers and non chemical means of pest control Organic certification , accreditation process for producers of organic products Organic clothing , clothing produced from organic fibers such as organic cotton . Organic food , food produced from organic farming methods and often certified organic according to organic farming standards Organic milk Organic baby products , organic products intended for babies and toddlers Organic movement , movement of organizations and individuals promoting organic farming and organic food See also sustainable agriculture Computing Wetware computer or organic computer , a computer built from living neurons and ganglions Organic computing , computing systems with properties of self configuration, self optimization, self healing, and or self protection Organic ... Organic search engine , search engine which uses a combination of human operators and computer algorithms Organic semiconductor , an organic compound that exhibits similar properties to inorganic semiconductors Economics and business Organic growth , business expansion through increasing output and sales as opposed to mergers, acquisitions and take overs Organic Inc , original digital marketing & advertising agency Organic organisation , one which is flexible and has a flat structure Organic Records, a sub label of Pamplin Music Military Organic military , a military unit predominantly ... more details
Unreferenced date April 2009 The term dance composition is used to describe the practice and teaching of choreography and the navigation or connection of choreographic structures. The art of making concert dance is based on the manipulation of the abstract elements of human movement space, shape, time and energy within an emotion al or non literal context for the purpose of expressing ones unique creative voice. Movement language is taken from the dance techniques of ballet , contemporary dance , jazz dance , hip hop dance , folk dance , religious dance and or pedestrian movement Concepts studied include the compositional use of organic unity , rhythmic or non rhythmic articulation, theme and variation, repetition as well as the practice of improvisation for the purpose of developing innovative movement ideas. Geared toward the presentation of dance as a concert art form. See also Dance notation External links http www.ascendingstardance.com node 365 Elements of Choreography DEFAULTSORT Dance Composition Category Choreography Dance stub es Composici n de la danza ... more details
In mathematics , the composition of binary relation s is a concept of forming a new relation nowrap S R from two given relations R and S , having as its most well known special case the composition of functions . Definition If math R subseteq X times Y math and math S subseteq Y times Z math are two binary relations, then their composition math S circ R math is the relation math S circ R x,z in X times Z mid exists y in Y x,y in R land y,z in S subseteq X times Z. math In other words, math S circ R subseteq X times Z math is defined by the rule that says math x,z in S circ R math if and only if there is an element math y in Y math such that math x ,R ,y ,S ,z math i.e. math x,y in R math and math ... S R . The convention chosen here is such that function composition with the usual notation ... right composition, but a fat semicolon with Unicode code point U 2A3E ref http www.fileformat.info info unicode char 2a3e index.htm ref denotes left composition. This use of semicolon Function composition Alternative notations coincides with the notation for function composition used mostly by computer ... fonts at small sizes, its capital version U 2A1F ref http www.fileformat.info info unicode char ... mathematics category Category of relations Rel which has the sets as objects. In Rel , composition of morphisms is exactly composition of relations as defined above. The category category of sets Set ... in the theory of allegory category theory allegories . Properties Composition of relations ... with left or right relation composition forms a monoid with zero, where the identity map on X is the neutral element , and the empty set is the Absorbing element zero element . Join another form of composition main Join relational algebra Other forms of composition of relations, which apply to general ... operation of relational algebra . The usual composition of two binary relations as defined here can ... the middle component. See also Binary relation Demonic composition Function composition Join SQL ... more details
A smoke composition is a pyrotechnic composition designed primarily to generate smoke . Smoke compositions are used as obscurants or for generation of signaling smokes. Some are used as a payload of smoke bomb s and smoke grenade s. Obscurants main Smoke screen Smoke compositions used as obscurants generate large amount of thick, usually white, smoke. The most common smoke composition for pyrotechnic generation of smoke screen s is the zinc chloride smoke mixture HC . Zinc chloride smoke taken from smoke screen Zinc chloride smoke is grey white and consists of tiny particles of zinc chloride . The most common mixture for generating these is the zinc chloride smoke mixture HC , consisting of hexachloroethane , grained aluminium and zinc oxide . The smoke consists of zinc chloride, zinc oxychlorides, and hydrochloric acid , which absorb the humidity moisture in the air. The smoke also contains traces of organic chlorinated compounds, phosgene , carbon monoxide , and chlorine . Its toxicity is caused mainly by the content of strongly acidic hydrochloric acid, but also due to thermal effects of reaction of zinc chloride with water. These effects cause lesion s of the mucous membrane s of the upper airways. Damage of the lower airways can manifest itself later as well, due to fine particles of zinc chloride and traces of phosgene. In high concentrations the smoke can be very dangerous when inhaled. Symptoms include dyspnea , retrosternal pain, hoarseness , stridor , lachrymation , cough ..., bombs, and grenades. Signalling see also Colored smoke A colored smoke composition can be used for signalling. These are usually based on a low temperature burning pyrotechnic composition, mixed with a dye that gets vaporized and creates large, colored smoke particles. The composition is often ... Smoke with a suitable composition can be used as a fire suppression agent . A pyrotechnic composition ... composition as for colored smokes is used, with the dye being replaced by the desired ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Timbre composition is the art of creating new timbres. It is often performed electronically, either by combining sinewaves additive synthesis or by filtering out harmonics from more complex waves subtractive synthesis . Timbre composition is also significant for players of the electric guitar . The guitarist s relative proximity to his or her amplifier alters the sound produced. The sound can be modified further via Equalization equalizers , audio filter filters , and various effects pedals . Timbre composition with acoustic instruments is usually very subtle. Minute altercations in performance change the sound produced by the instrument. Percussionists use specific sticks and mallets to yield desired timbres. Players of wind instruments alter the tone simply by changing the pressure of their lips. One could argue that the act of choosing which instrument to play or write for is in itself timbre composition. Timbre composition is used in vocal techniques such as throat singing where the main focus of the music is timbre as opposed to pitch. Music that has been composed solely using the art of Timbre composition is called Timbre centered music . Timbral Listening is a technique used in both the composition and reception of Timbre centered music which has been created using Timbre composition. DEFAULTSORT Timbre Composition Category Aspects of music ... more details
In mathematics , demonic composition is an operation on binary relation s which is somewhat comparable to ordinary composition of relations but is robust to refinement of the relations into partial functions or injective relations. Unlike ordinary composition of relations, demonic composition is not associative. Definition Suppose R is a binary relation between X and Y and S is a relation between Y and Z . Their right demonic composition R sup &rarr sup S is a relation between X and Z . Its graph is defined as math x, z x , S circ R , z wedge forall y in Y, x , R , y Rightarrow y , S , z . math Conversely, their left demonic composition R sup &larr sup S is defined by math x, z x , S circ R , z wedge forall y in Y, y , S , z Rightarrow x , R , y . math Category Mathematical relations ... more details
nofootnotes date September 2010 Composition Studies also referred to as Composition and Rhetoric , Rhetoric and Composition, College Composition, Writing Studies, or simply Composition is the professional ... sometimes even higher composition courses. For example, in California , all public colleges and universities have freshman and sophomore composition courses as requirements. Many composition scholars ... and how writers work to change the conventions within which they work. First year composition Many American universities have a required First Year Composition course, also referred to as FYC. This is not the same ..., composition courses often offer intensive instruction in writing non fiction , expository texts .... Advanced Composition Some universities require further instruction in writing and offer courses that expand upon the skills developed in First year composition. Second level or advanced composition may emphasize forms of argumentation and persuasion, digital media, research and source ... or personal memoirs. Graduate studies Doctoral programs in Composition Studies are available at more ..., although it is increasingly the case that they found their own departments e.g., of Composition Studies, Writing & Rhetoric, Composition & Linguistics, and so on . Second language writing Second ... of writing centers in Europe. Composition courses also makes it easy to move with various http ... Comics Studies Communication studies Composition language Contrastive rhetoric English studies Media theory of composition National Writing Project Professional communication Rhetoric Second language writing Technical communication Technical writing Writing center Conference on College Composition and Communication Writing Across the Curriculum Further reading b Rhetoric and Composition Wikibooks Rhetoric and Composition James A. Berlin Berlin, James A. Rhetoric and Reality Writing Instruction ... J. Composition Rhetoric Backgrounds, Theory, and Pedagogy . Pittsburgh U of Pittsburgh P, 1997 ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 The Composition C family is a family of related US specified plastic explosive s consisting primarily of RDX . All can be moulded by hand for use in demolition work and packed by hand into shaped charge devices. Variants have different proportions and plasticisers and include C 2, C 3, and C 4 explosive C 4 . ref cite book title Explosives author Rudolf Meyer, Josef K hler, Axel Homburg publisher Wiley VCH pages 63 ref The term composition is used for any explosive material compounded from several ingredients. In particular, in the 1940s the format Composition letter was used for various compositions of the relatively novel explosive RDX, such as Composition B and other variants. The original material was developed by the British during World War II , and standardised as Composition C when introduced to US service. This material consisted of 88.3 RDX and a mineral oil based plasticiser and phlegmatized phlegmatiser . It suffered from a relatively limited range of serviceable temperatures, and was replaced by Composition C 2 around 1943. Composition C 2 contained a slightly smaller proportion of RDX, but used an explosive plasticiser, which contained tetryl ... trinitrotoluene , dinitrotoluene and mononitrotoluene , and a trace of solvent. While Composition C 2 had a much wider serviceable temperature range than Composition C, it could not be stored at elevated temperatures. Consequently it was replaced around 1944 by Composition C 3. Composition C 3 was very similar to Composition C 2, but removed the solvent and varied the exact proportions of plasticisers ... , rocket propelled grenade s, hand grenade s , land mine s, Composition 3 C 3 and Composition 4 C 4 ... for C 3 was begun prior to 1950, but the new material, C 4 explosive Composition C 4 .... See also Composition B Composition H6 References Reflist Category Explosives Explosive stub fr Composition C ... more details
for information about the operator of composition function compositioncomposition of relations In mathematics , the composition operator math C phi math with symbol math phi math is a linear operator defined by the rule math C phi f f circ phi math where math f circ phi math denotes function composition . In physics , and especially the area of dynamical systems , the composition operator is usually referred to as the Koopman operator ref B.O. Koopman, Hamiltonian systems and transformations in Hilbert space , 1931 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA , 17 , pp.315 318. ref ref Pierre Gaspard, Chaos, scattering and statistical mechanics , 1998 Cambridge University Press ref . It is the left adjoint of the Frobenius Perron or transfer operator . In the language of category theory , the composition operator is a pull back on the space of measurable function s it is adjoint to the transfer operator in the same way that the pull back is adjoint to the push forward the composition operator is the inverse image functor . The domain of a composition operator is usually taken to be some Banach space , often consisting of holomorphic function s for example, some Hardy space or Bergman space . Interesting questions posed in the study of composition operators often relate to how the Spectrum functional analysis spectral properties of the operator depend on the function space. Other questions include whether math C phi math is compact operator compact or trace class ..., composition operators commonly occur in the study of shift operator s, for example, in the Beurling ... spin lattice s. Composition operators appear in the theory of Aleksandrov Clark measure s. The study of composition operators is covered by http www.ams.org msc 47Bxx.html AMS category 47B33 . See also Multiplication operator References references C. C. Cowen and B. D. MacCluer, Composition operators ..., 1995. xii 388 pp. ISBN 0 8493 8492 3. Joel Shapiro mathematician J. H. Shapiro , Composition operators ... more details
Ring composition is a narrative technique said to be characteristic of preliterate peoples and oral modes of composition. It is also called chiasmus , chiastic structure , or simply ring structure. In ring composition, a narrator touches on a number of topics till a significant topic is reached, then continues on in the narrative by retracing in reverse order the topics which were mentioned on the way to the significant point. Ring composition is an important element in epic poetry like Beowulf, Homer ic epics, the Aeneid, Paradise Lost, in the Tanakh Hebrew scriptures and in many other traditional texts that show signs of being oral tradition composed orally . ref Mary Douglas, Thinking in circles An essay on ring composition , Yale Univ. Press, 2007 ref Notes references Category Narratology Anthropology stub Lit stub es Composici n anular ... more details
Refimprove date January 2007 In abstract algebra , a composition series provides a way to break up an algebraic ... pieces. The need for considering composition series in the context of modules arises from the fact ... into a Direct sum of modules direct sum of simple module s. A composition series of a module M is a finite ... simple constituents. A composition series may not even exist, and when it does, it need not be unique ... composition series exist, the isomorphism class es of simple pieces although, perhaps, not their location in the composition series in question and their multiplicities are uniquely determined. Composition series may thus be used to define invariants of finite group s and Artinian module s. A related but distinct concept is a chief series a composition series is a maximal subnormal series ... unique features of the way this can be done? More formally, a composition series of a group mathematics ... of H sub i 1 sub . Equivalently, a composition series is a subnormal series such that each factor group H sub i 1 sub H sub i sub is simple group simple . The factor groups are called composition factors . A subnormal series is a composition series if and only if it is of maximal length. That is, there are no additional subgroups which can be inserted into a composition series. The length n of the series is called the composition length . If a composition series exists for a group G , then any subnormal series of G can be refined to a composition series, informally, by inserting subgroups into the series up to maximality. Every finite group has a composition series, but not every infinite group has one. For example, the infinite cyclic group has no composition series. Uniqueness Jordan H lder theorem A group may have more than one composition series. However, the Jordan H lder theorem named after Camille Jordan and Otto H lder states that any two composition series of a given group are equivalent. That is, they have the same composition length and the same composition factors, up to permutation ... more details
In mathematics , a composition algebra A over a field mathematics field K is a unital algebra unital but not necessarily associative algebra over a field algebra over K together with a Degenerate form nondegenerate quadratic form N which satisfies math N xy N x N y , math for all x and y in A . The quadratic form N is often referred to as a norm on A . Composition algebras are also called normed algebras not to be confused with normed algebra s in the sense of functional analysis . Structure theorem Every composition algebra over a field K can be obtained by repeated application of the Cayley Dickson construction starting from K if the characteristic algebra characteristic of K is different from 2 or a 2 dimensional composition subalgebra if char K 2 . The possible dimensions of a composition algebra are 1, 2, 4, and 8. 1 dimensional composition algebras only exist when char K &ne 2. Composition algebras of dimension 1 and 2 are commutative and associative. Composition algebras of dimension 2 are either quadratic field extension s of K or isomorphic to math K oplus K math . Composition algebras of dimension 4 are called quaternion algebra s. They are associative but not commutative. Composition algebras of dimension 8 are called octonion algebra s. They are neither associative or commutative. See also Normed division algebra Hurwitz s theorem normed division algebras References cite book first F. Reese last Harvey year 1990 title Spinors and Calibrations publisher Academic Press location San Diego isbn 0 12 329650 1 cite book first Richard D. last Schafer year 1995 title An introduction to non associative algebras publisher Dover Publications isbn 0 486 68813 5 pages 72 75 cite book first T. A. last Springer coauthors F. D. Veldkamp year 2000 title Octonions, Jordan Algebras and Exceptional Groups publisher Springer Verlag isbn 3 540 66337 1 algebra stub Category Algebras Category Ring theory Category Nonassociative algebras he ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date February 2009 In the Groove by pianist and arranger Mary Lou Williams born May 8, 1910 is a classic big band jazz composition. The Kansas City, Missouri Kansas City based band Andy Kirk and His Twelve Clouds of Joy gained brief national following largely through the efforts of its principal arranger, pianist Mary Lou Williams, who had a formative role in the Kansas City jazz tradition. The title gave wider currency for a jazz musician s expression. DEFAULTSORT In The Groove Composition Category Jazz compositions Category Jazz standards Jazz composition stub ... more details
Anthropology also known as Thriving From a Riff is a bebop style jazz Musical compositioncomposition written by saxophonist Charlie Parker and trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie from 1945 . Fact date July 2008 Like many other jazz compositions, it uses the chords known as rhythm changes . See also List of jazz contrafacts List of 1940s jazz standards Charlie Parker s Savoy and Dial Sessions Category Compositions by Charlie Parker Category 1940s jazz standards Category Bebop jazz standards Category 1945 compositions Category Jazz compositions jazz composition stub ... more details
A pyrotechnic composition is a substance or mixture of substances designed to produce an effect by heat, light, sound, gas or smoke or a combination of these, as a result of non detonative self sustaining exothermic reaction exothermic chemical reactions. Pyrotechnic substances do not rely on oxygen from external sources to sustain the reaction. Basic types of pyrotechnic compositions are flash powder burns very fast, produces explosions and or bright flashes of light gunpowder burns slower than flash powder, produces large amount of gases solid propellant s produce large amount of hot gases, used as sources of kinetic energy for rockets and projectiles pyrotechnic initiator s produce large amount ... to fragment a container and eject its content smoke composition s burn slowly, produce smoke , plain or colored smoke colored delay composition s burn at constant slow speed, used to introduce delays ... composition may specify multiple different fuels. Some fuels can also serve as binders. Common fuels ..., e.g. in delay compositions Zinc used in some smoke composition s, together with sulfur used in some ... smoke composition s due to its low boiling point. Phosphorus trisulfide used to make match es ... with chlorates. ref name pyrochem Wood flour Organic chemicals Sodium benzoate often used in whistle ... smoke compositions Organic polymers and resins, also sometimes serving as binders Teflon , Viton ... burning composition. The shape also matters. Spherical particles, like those produced by atomizing ... 10 15. ref At lower temperatures with organic fuels produces strontium nitrite ash which can smother ... oxidizer, a red colorant Organic chemicals Guanidine nitrate used in some high power rocket fuels ... used also in smoke composition s, e.g. hexachloroethane together with zinc oxide to produce smoke ... . Many organic nitrated amines are used as stabilizers as well, e.g. 2 Nitrodiphenylamine 2 nitrodiphenylamine ...?title Pyrotechnic composition A pyroguide article on Pyrotechnic composition http www.astronautix.com ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Composition school in chess composition is a particular style of creating chess problem s, putting emphasis on different aspects of the problem contents and attracting interest of important number of chess composer s. The best known composition schools, as they evolved historically, are old German school put emphasis on complexity and difficulty of solution and model mate in the main Variation chess variation , the most suitable genres were fourmover s and fivemovers, Bohemian school puts emphasis on artistic beauty and number of variations finished by model mates, the most suitable genres were threemover s and fourmovers, English school chess composition English school demanded dual free play in all variations and put emphasis on varied motivation chess composition motivation in high number of variations, American school chess composition American school puts emphasis on originality and presence of surprising elements in the solution, new German school also known as logical school requires logical structure of solution and purity or economy of aim chess composition aim , the longer genres are more suitable, new Bohemian school combines requirements of new German school and Bohemian school, strategical school puts emphasis on complexity of motivation in high number of variations, both defence and harmful motif chess composition motif s should be unified whenever possible, mostly in twomover s and threemovers, Soviet school is highly developed level of strategic school, new strategical school requires changes of variations or move functions between phase of play phases , Slovak school requires changes of motifs between phases. Besides clearly attributable chess problems there are many ones that might be attributed to none of these or to more of them. Today, many chess composers do work in the area of multiple schools regularly. DEFAULTSORT Composition School Category Chess problems Chess stub es Escuelas de composici n ajedrez ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 The term composition from Latin i com i with and i ponere i to place , in written language, refers to the collective body of important features established by the author in their creation of literature . Most often, composition relates to narrative narrative work s of literature, but may also relate to essays, biographies, and other works. In narratives primarily fiction , composition includes, but is not limited to, Outline summary Outline , the organisation of thoughts and or ideas which is used to determine organisational technique Plot narrative Plot , the course or arrangement of events Theme literature Theme , the unifying subject or idea Dialogue , a reciprocal conversation between two or more persons Characterisation , the process of creating Fictional character characters setting fiction Setting , the time and location in which the composition takes place Description, definition s of things in the composition stylistics linguistics Style , specifically, the linguistic style of the composition Setting tone or mood, conveying one or more emotions or feelings through words writer s voice Voice , the individual writing style of the author tone literary Tone , which encompasses the attitudes toward the subject and toward the audience See also Composition studies Conference on College Composition and Communication Kishotenketsu Non linear writing Writing process DEFAULTSORT Composition Language Category Literary concepts Lit stub ko ka mn ja ru uk zh ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 A Composition with Creditors is an agreement among several creditors of a debtor , usually a business. Usually, the agreement involves paying a lessened amount over a period of time. See also Company Voluntary Arrangement Individual Voluntary Arrangement DEFAULTSORT Composition With Creditors Category Credit Category Debt Finance stub ... more details
Multiple issues orphan September 2010 notability June 2009 unreferenced June 2009 Spontaneous composition is music performed, occurring, or resulting from a sudden natural impulse, tendency, or inclination without effort or premeditation natural and unconstrained unplanned. ref name test http www.spontaneouscomposition.com Link text , additional text. ref Musical improvisation Improvisation is one possible compositional tool used in creating a spontaneous composition . References references Category Musical improvisation Music theory stub ... more details
In igneous petrology an intermediate composition refers to the chemical composition of a rock that has 52 63 wt Silicon dioxide SiO sub 2 sub being an intermediate between felsic and mafic compositions. Typical intermediate rocks include andesite , dacite and trachyandesite among volcanic rocks and diorite and granodiorite among plutonic rocks. Igneous rocks Category geochemistry Category Igneous rocks Category Intermediate rocks petrology stub de Intermedi res Gestein nl Intermediair gesteente sk Intermedi rna hornina ... more details
In mathematics , a composition ring , introduced in harv Adler 1962 , is a commutative ring R , 0, , &minus , · , possibly without an identity 1 see non unital ring , together with an operation math circ R times R rightarrow R math such that, for any three elements math f,g,h in R math one has math f g circ h f circ h g circ h math math f cdot g circ h f circ h cdot g circ h math math f circ ... and math f circ h math . Examples There are a few way to make a commutative ring R into a composition ring without introducing anything new. Composition may be defined by math f circ g 0 math for all f , g . The resulting composition ring is a rather uninteresting. Composition may be defined by math f circ g f math for all f , g . This is the composition rule for constant functions. If R is a boolean ring , then multiplication may double as composition math f circ g fg math for all f , g . More interesting examples can be formed by defining a composition on another ring constructed from R . The polynomial ring R X can be made into a composition ring with math X circ g g math for all g it follows from the axioms for composition that in general math f circ g math will be the result of substituting ... constant coefficient can be made into a composition ring with composition given by the same substitution rule as for polynomials. Since nonzero constant series are absent, this composition ring does not have ... g . math However, as for formal power series, the composition cannot always be defined when the right ... zero. One must therefore restrict to a subring of R X to have a well defined composition ... term, but the denominator has nonzero constant term. Again this composition ring has no multiplicative ... by composition of functions, is a composition ring. There are numerous variations of this idea, such as the ring ... x math the free composition ring on one generator? For example, one has math x 2 3x 5 circ x 2 x 2 2 ... Composition rings id MathSciNet id 0142573 year 1962 journal Duke Mathematical Journal issn 0012 7094 ... more details
Composition B , colloquially comp B , is an explosive consisting of castable mixtures of RDX and Trinitrotoluene TNT . It is used as the main explosive filling in artillery shell projectile projectile s, rocket s, land mine s, hand grenades and various other munitions . ref name Cooper Explosives Engineering cite book last Cooper first Paul W. title Explosives Engineering origdate 1996 publisher Wiley VCH isbn 0 471 18636 8 ref It was also used for the explosive lens es in the first implosion type nuclear weapon s developed by the United States. ref name Coster Mullen Atom Bombs The Top Secret Inside Story of Little Boy and Fat Man , John Coster Mullen, 2003 ref ref name NWFAQ http www.nuclearweaponarchive.org Nwfaq Nfaq8.html nfaq8.1.1 Nuclear Weapons FAQ section 8.1.1 The Design of Gadget, Fat Man, and Joe 1 RDS 1 , accessed August 10, 2009 ref Ingredients The standard ratio of ingredients by weight is 59.5 RDX detonation velocity of 8,750 m s and 39.4 TNT detonation velocity of 6,900 m s , together with an additional 1 paraffin wax ref Military Specification MIL C 401 ref to improve handling qualities. Most commonly it is described as 60 40 RDX TNT with 1 wax added. Properties Density 1.65 g cm sup 3 sup Velocity of detonation 8,050 m s Use Composition B was extremely common in United States and other western world western nations munitions and was the standard explosive filler from early World War II until the early 1950s, when less sensitive explosives began to replace it in many ... ref http www.mecar.be Mecar website ref have continued to use Composition B in their products. Composition B is related to Cyclotol , which has a higher proportion of RDX up to 75 . In popular culture Composition B was mentioned in the 1998 film Saving Private Ryan as the explosive used ... throughout the campaign. See also Composition C References reflist Category Explosives de Composition B fr Composition B it Composition B lt B mi inys ja pl Composition B sv Hexotol vi Comp B ... more details
Memorial is an epic funeral march like piece, composed by Michael Nyman around 1984 1985. This composition is one of the most praised in the work of Michael Nyman and has been reprised in Michael Nyman Band s The Essential Michael Nyman Band and The Very Best of Michael Nyman 1990 2001 . The work premiered on 15 June 1985. Background Nyman utilized a death march in his earlier work, Drowning by Numbers , and revives the scheme for Memorial , clearly setting death and its emotional impact as the main theme of the composition. Indeed, Nyman explicitly dedicated Memorial to the memory of the Juventus F.C. fans killed in the Heysel Stadium Disaster Heysel Stadium tragedy , in May 1985. The composition borrowed a musical phrase from Baroque composer Henry Purcell s King Arthur opera King Arthur , the prelude to The Cold Genius Arises, but the phrase is repeated in countless times, in a minimalist music minimalist fashion. The composition is dominated for the first two thirds by the string and horn sections, backed up by bass guitar , and a drummer. Soprano Sarah Leonard comes in only in the last third of section, and her performance mainly consists of long wordless complaints, adding a dramatic effect to the composition. Her song is continuously an octave higher than the rest of the orchestra, thus creating a haunting effect that suggests pain and sorrow. The best known portion is in fact only the fifth movement. The sixth movement has been released on compact disc under the title ... the Thief His Wife & Her Lover ref Influence The composition was described in the Guardian by Waldemar Januszczak as a small piece of atonement . This composition is part of critic Frank Oteri s list ... to create parts of his film The Cook, The Thief, His Wife and Her Lover after this composition. In fact, this composition is perhaps the best example of the integration of Nyman s music to Greenaway ... . The composition is being used once in a week in the main episode of Channel 2 Israel . References ... more details
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