Opticalwireless is the combined use of opticaloptical fiber optical fibre and wireless radio radio frequency communication to provide telecommunications telecommunication to clusters of end points which are geographically distant. The high capacity optical fibre is used to span the longest distances, and a lower cost wireless link carries the signal for the last mile to nearby users. Sources http searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com sDefinition 0,,sid40 gci760820,00.html Definition OpticalWireless , SearchMobileComputuing website. Optical communication Telecommunications telecom stub Category Optical communications Category Local loop ... more details
Otheruses File Handheld Maritime VHF 217x289.png thumb right 217px A handheld marine radio. Wireless ... digital assistant s PDAs , and wireless network ing. Other examples of wireless technology include Global Positioning System GPS units, Garage door opener s or garage doors, wireless Mouse computing ... s, satellite television , broadcast television and cordless telephone s. Introduction Wireless ... is transferred in this manner over both short and long distances. Wireless services Unreferenced section date December 2006 Common examples of wireless equipment include Telemetry control and traffic ... example keyboards and printers can also be linked to a computer via wireless using technology such as Wireless USB or Bluetooth Cordless telephone sets these are limited range devices, not to be confused .... Wireless networks Wireless networking i.e. the various types of unlicensed 2.4 GHz WiFi ... from location to location. Another common use is for mobile networks that connect via satellite. A wireless ... locations. The following situations justify the use of wireless technology To span a distance beyond ... Wireless communications can be via radio frequency communication, microwave communication, for example ... wireless network s. Cordless The term wireless should not be confused with the term cordless , which ... telephones, are also wireless in the sense that information is transferred from the cordless telephone to the telephone s base unit via some type of wireless Link telecommunications communications ... Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications . History Photophone Main Photophone The world s first wireless ... space optical communication , the photophone also required a clear line of sight between its transmitter ... wireless work Main Wireless telegraphy David E. Hughes , eight years before Hertz s experiments, transmitted ... the wireless patent for this method using inductance US patent 465971 . In the history of wireless .... ref name Story cite book last Story first Alfred Thomas title A story of wireless telegraphy ... more details
microwave platform rather than through copper or optical fiber therefore, fixed wireless does not require satellite feeds or local telephone service. The advantages of fixed wireless include the ability ...Fixed wireless is the operation of wireless devices or systems used to connect two fixed locations e.g., buildings with a radio or other wireless link, such as laser bridge . ref citeweb title Wireless Broadband and Other Fixed Wireless Systems url http www.networkcomputing.com netdesign bb1.html publisher networkcomputing.com accessdate 2008 02 20 ref Usually, fixed wireless is part of a wireless LAN infrastructure. The purpose of a fixed wireless link is to enable data communications between the two sites or buildings. Fixed wireless data FWD links are often a cost effective alternative to leasing fiber or installing cables between the buildings. The Point to point telecommunications point ... wireless devices usually derives their electrical power from the public utility mains, unlike mobile wireless or portable wireless devices which tend to be battery electricity battery powered. Antennas Fixed wireless services typically use a directional radio antenna on each end of the signal e.g. ... connection speeds. Fixed Wireless Broadband With the growing infrastructure of the GSM wireless networks, fixed wireless has also become a viable solution for broadband access. Using the 3G speed and reliability, businesses and homes can use fixed wireless antenna technology to access broadband internet and Layer 2 networks using fixed Wireless broadband . Because of the redundancy and saturation ... wired infrastructure is not yet available, fixed wireless broadband has become a viable option for internet access. ref citeweb title Fixed Wireless Broadband How it Works url http www.accel networks.com blog 2009 03 fixed wireless broadband how it works.html publisher accel networks.com accessdate 2009 03 10 ref References reflist wireless stub Category Wireless networking ... more details
Lead too short date May 2010 File Microsoft wireless mouse.jpg thumb 300px A wirelessoptical mouse An optical ... for better resolution and precision. Battery powered, wirelessoptical mice flash the LED intermittently to save power, and only glow steadily when movement is detected. Early optical mice File Xerox Optical Mouse Chip.jpg thumb left Xerox optical mouse chip Early optical mice, first demonstrated ... Opto mouse sensor.jpg thumb left The optical sensor from a Microsoft Wireless IntelliMouse Explorer v. 1.0A Modern optical mice File Avago ADNS 5030 optical mouse sensor disassembled.jpg thumb Optical mouse sensor disassembled Modern surface independent optical mice work by using an optoelectronic ... orthogonal shafts which drive chopper wheels for distance measurement. The earliest optical mice detected movement on pre printed mousepad surfaces, whereas the modern optical mice works on most opaque ... PA11&dq optical mouse kirsch lyon&lr &num 20&as brr 3&ei TLI2S4 TG4rSkwTjy5DMAQ&cd 1 v onepage&q optical ... 6649 date February 21, 1983 url http books.google.com books?id S8EAAAAMBAJ&pg PA28&dq optical mouse led color&lr &num 20&as brr 3&ei bK42S8jnO5qIlQSZuLy5AQ&cd 15 v onepage&q optical mouse 20led 20color ... on the same chip ref cite book chapter The Optical Mouse, and an Architectural Methodology for Smart ...&q optical mouse lyon&dq optical mouse lyon&lr &as brr 0&as pt ALLTYPES&ei AKf7Sc3PLJDmkASaxq3LBA&pgis ... pad. The first commercially successful optical computer mice were the Microsoft IntelliMouse with IntelliEye ... several years mechanical mice became obsolete. The technology underlying the modern optical computer ... for tracking military targets. Optical mice use image sensors to image naturally occurring texture in materials ... how far the mouse has moved. To understand how optical mice work, imagine two photographs of the same ... of one photograph overhang the other represents the offset between the images, and in the case of an optical computer mouse the distance it has moved. Optical mice capture one thousand successive images ... more details
Wireless network refers to any type of computer network that is not connected by cables of any kind. It is a method ... locations. ref cite web title Overview of Wireless Communications url http www.cambridge.org ... Wireless telecommunication s networks are generally implemented and administered using a transmission ... structure. ref cite web title Getting to Know Wireless Networks and Technology url http www.informit.com ... of wireless Networks Wireless PAN Personal area network Wireless Personal Area Networks WPANs interconnect ... web url http www.technologystation.net 2010 03 wireless networks bluetooth to mobile.html title Wireless .... ref cite web url http www.wireless nets.com resources downloads wireless industry report 2007.html title Wireless Network Industry Report accessdate 2008 07 08 ref Wi Fi PANs are becoming commonplace ... with Windows 7 and Intel My WiFi accessdate 2010 04 27 ref Wireless LAN Main Wireless LAN A wireless local area network WLAN links two or more devices over a short distance using a wireless distribution ... the Wi Fi brand name. Fixed wireless technology implements point to point telecommunications point ... used in cities to connect networks in two or more buildings without installing a wired link. Wireless mesh network main wireless mesh network A wireless mesh network is a wireless network made up of radio .... Mesh networks can self heal , automatically re routing around a node that has lost power. Wireless MAN Wireless MAN Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks are a type of wireless network that connects several wireless LANs. WiMAX is a type of Wireless MAN and is described by the IEEE 802.16 standard. ref ... of Wireless Broadband ref Wireless WAN Wireless WAN Wireless wide area networks are wireless networks ... system. The wireless connections between access points are usually Point to point telecommunications ... station gateways, access points and wireless bridging relays. Other configurations are mesh systems ... include Cellular phone s which are part of everyday wireless networks, allowing easy personal communications ... more details
Unreferenced date April 2011 Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Wireless Type Studio Album Artist Wireless Band Wireless Cover WirelessWireless album .jpg Released 1976 Recorded Genre Rock music Rock Length Label Atlantic Records Atlantic Producer Jack Richardson record producer Jack Richardson Reviews Last album This album Next album Wireless is Wireless Band Wireless first album, released in 1976. Track list Spend the Night With Me Old Fashioned Feeling Where We Ought to Be Lady Anne I Just Couldn t Believe It Lovin in Return Chain of Fools Go Now Moody Blues Love the Way You Feel DEFAULTSORT WirelessWireless Album Category 1976 albums Category Albums produced by Jack Richardson ... more details
Wireless refers to the transfer of information signals without using wires. The term may also refer to Wireless LAN , a wireless local area computer network WiMAX , a wireless wide area computer network Bluetooth , a wireless system for data communications between devices Wireless phone, a less often used name for a mobile phone mobile cellular phone Wireless, an old British term for radio Wireless telegraphy , an early form of radio technology Wireless TV series Wireless TV series , a Canadian animated series Music Wireless band , a Canadian rock band from the 1970s and 1980s WirelessWireless album WirelessWireless album , 1976 debut album by the band WirelessWireless Threshold album Wireless Threshold album , 2003 album by the band Threshold Wireless Festival , a music festival held every year since 2005 in Hyde Park, London Other Wireless Hill , Macquarie Island, Australia disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 The path that light takes in traversing an optical system is often called the optical path . The physical length of an optical device can be reduced to less than the length of the optical path by using folded optics . The optical path length as defined in optics is the length of the path multiplied by the index of refraction of the medium. See also Optical path length DEFAULTSORT Optical path Category Optics Optics stub de Strahlengang it Cammino ottico sv Str lg ng ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 An optical link is a communications link that consists of a single end to end optical circuit. A cable of optical fiber , possibly concatenated into a dark fiber link, is the simplest form of an optical link. Other forms of optical link can include single colour links over a wavelength division multiplex infrastructure, and or links that use optical amplifier s to compensate for attenuation over long distances. Other forms of optical links include free space optical communication links. Also in the railways optical is used in two forms depending upon the whether the feeding station is main or not. Thus for main stations it is sain to be long hall and for all remaining stations it is to be short hall. See also colbegin 3 Light Peak Optical interconnect Parallel optical interface Interconnect bottleneck Optical communication Optical cable Transimpedance amplifier Photo diode VCSEL PIN diode Green computing InfiniBand InfiniBand Trade Association Fibre channel HDMI PCI Express Active cables Small form factor pluggable transceiver Terabit Ethernet 100 Gigabit Ethernet 10 Gigabit Ethernet Optoelectronics Data center High performance computing Cloud computing CXP connector Active Cables C Form factor Pluggable Fiber optic communication List of device bandwidths colend DEFAULTSORT Optical Link Category Optical communications Telecom stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Optical physics , or optical science , is a subfield of atomic, molecular, and optical physics . It is the study of the generation of electromagnetic radiation , the properties of that radiation, and the interaction of that radiation with matter , especially its manipulation and control. It differs from general optics and optical engineering in that it is focused on the discovery and application of new phenomena. There is no strong distinction, however, between optical physics, applied optics, and optical engineering, since the devices of optical engineering and the applications of applied optics are necessary for basic research in optical physics, and that research leads to the development of new devices and applications. Often the same people are involved in both the basic research and the applied technology development. Researchers in optical physics use and develop light sources that span the electromagnetic spectrum from microwave s to X ray s. The field includes the generation and detection of light, linear and nonlinear optics nonlinear optical processes, and spectroscopy . Laser s and laser spectroscopy have transformed optical science. Major study in optical physics is also devoted to quantum optics and Coherence physics coherence , and to femtosecond optics. In optical physics, support is also provided in areas such as the nonlinear response of isolated atoms to intense, ultra short electromagnetic fields, the atom cavity interaction at high ... include the development of novel optical techniques for nano optical measurements, diffractive optics , low coherence interferometry , optical coherence tomography , and near field microscopy . Research in optical physics places an emphasis on ultrafast optical science and technology. The applications of optical physics create advancements in telecommunication communications , medicine , manufacturing ... Optical Physics Category Atomic, molecular, and optical physics Category Optics bn ... more details
Optical networking can refer to Optical communication Fiber optic communication Synchronous optical networking Optical Transport Network OTN Passive optical network disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2009 Optical microspheres photonic atoms are high quality factor optical resonator s used for active and passive photonic applications such as microlaser cavities and filters. Category Optics optics stub ... more details
A Wireless Supplicant is a program that runs on a computer and is responsible for making login requests to a wireless network. ref citeweb title Wireless Authentication Implementation url http msdn.microsoft.com en us library ms894753.aspx publisher microsoft.com accessdate 2008 03 18 ref It handles passing the login and encryption credentials to the authentication server . It also handles roaming from one wirelessWireless access point access point to another, in order to maintain connectivity. See also wpa supplicant References reflist Category Wireless networking wireless stub network software stub ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Optical storage is a term from engineering referring to the storage of data on an optically readable medium. Data is recorded by making marks in a pattern that can be read back with the aid of light , usually a beam of laser light precisely focused on a spinning disc. An older example, that does not require the use of computers, is microform . There are other means of optically storing data and new methods are in development. Optical storage differs from other computer data storage data storage techniques that make use of other technologies such as magnetism or semiconductor s. Optical storage can range from a single drive reading a single CD ROM to multiple drives reading multiple discs such as an optical jukebox . Single compact discs can hold around 700MB megabyte s and optical jukebox es can hold much more ref Compact Disc http en.wikipedia.org wiki Compact Disc ref . The term optical drive usually refers to a device in a computer that can read CD ROM s or other optical disc s. It is estimated that in the year 2007, optical storage represents 27 of the world s technological capacity to store information ref name HilbertLopez2011 http www.sciencemag.org content 332 6025 60 The World s Technological Capacity to Store, Communicate, and Compute Information , especially http www.sciencemag.org content suppl 2011 02 08 science.1200970.DC1 Hilbert SOM.pdf ... also Data storage device the broader topic of all devices that store data. Optical Media board disc modern optical discs such as CD ROM s and related formats. Optical Jukebox Optical disc drive Optical tape more capacity than magnetic tape but not as cost effective Magneto optical drive combines Optical ... data storage media. HDSS Holographic Data Storage Systems potential new optical storage technology. 3D optical data storage potential new optical storage technology. Optical Storage Technology Association industry trade association References Reflist Optical storage media DEFAULTSORT Optical Storage ... more details
unreferenced date September 2009 Image optical train.jpg thumb 250px right An optical train showing the arrangement and angle of lenses and mirrors to guide the laser. Optical train also called optical assembly is the arrangement of lens optics lenses to guide Line of sight propagation line of sight and lasers. The position and angle of lenses are adjusted to guide a laser through the path required. optics stub Category fiber optics ... more details
Wireless HDMI is a colloquial term for wireless High definition video high definition audio and video signals connectivity on consumer electronics products. Most transmission technologies utilize unlicensed Ultra wide band radio frequencies and include various proprietary protocols for wireless transmission LG Wireless 1080p , Philips Wireless HDTV Link , Sony Bravia Wireless Link , Asus Wireless Display Connectivity , etc. industry standards like WirelessHD , Wireless Home Digital Interface and the Wireless Gigabit Alliance standard proprietary video compression schemes that work over 802.11n and similar wireless interfaces. Asus WAVI Wireless Audio Video Interaction wireless HDMI use 4 x 5 MIMO channels with Two Way Wireless USB Control. ref cite web url http www.hardwaresphere.com 2011 04 17 asus wavi worlds first wireless hdmi kit with usb control title Asus WAVI HDMI accessdate 2011 05 06 ref There is no official wireless standard that includes the name HDMI , which is a registered trademark of HDMI Licensing LLC. Wireless HDTV aka WiDi availability is currently an on going development. In 2010, Toshiba began marketing the first Widi device. Reflist electronics stub Category Wireless networking Category Television technology Category Film and video technology ... more details
For the optic axis of a crystal Optic axis of a crystal Image Optical axis en.png thumb 300px Optical axis coincides with red ray and rays symmetrical to optical axis pair of blue and pair of green rays propagating through different lenses. An optical axis is a line along which there is some degree of rotational symmetry in an optics optical system such as a camera lens or microscope . The optical axis is an imaginary line that defines the path along which light propagates through the system. For a system composed of simple lens optics lenses and mirror s, the axis passes through the center of curvature of each surface, and coincides with the axis of rotational symmetry . The optical axis is often coincident with the system s mechanical axis, but not always, as in the case of off axis optical system s. For an optical fiber , the optical axis is along the center of the fiber core , and is also known as the fiber axis . See also Ray optics Cardinal point optics Boresight References FS1037C DODDIC Category Geometrical optics de Optische Achse Optik et Optiline telg eo Optika akso ko id Sumbu optis it Asse ottico nl Optische as optica ja pl O optyczna ru sk Optick os sl Opti na os tr Optik eksen uk zh ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 For a mirror holder Mirror mount Orphan date November 2006 An optical mount is a device used to join a normal camera and another optical instrument, such as a microscope or telescope . The optical mount is generally attached to the camera as a camera lens lens would on one end, and fastened to the other instrument in a similar fashion. Optical mounts are used extensively in science scientific imaging applications in biology and astronomy . DEFAULTSORT Optical Mount Category Photography equipment Category Microscopy Category Astronomical instruments Photography stub ... more details
Optical engineering is the field of study that focuses on applications of optics . Optical engineers design components of optical instrument s such as lens optics lenses , microscope s, telescope s, and other equipment that utilizes the properties of light . Other devices include optical sensors and measurement systems, laser s, fiber optic communication systems, optical disc systems e.g. CD , DVD , etc. Because optical engineers want to design and build devices that make light do something useful, they must understand and apply the science of optics in substantial detail, in order to know what is physically possible to achieve physics and chemistry . However, they also must know what is practical in terms of available technology, materials, costs, design methods, etc. As with other fields of engineering, computer s are important to many perhaps most optical engineers. They are used with instruments, for simulation, in design, and for many other applications. Engineers often use general computer tools such as spreadsheet s and programming language s, and they make frequent use of specialized optical software designed specifically for their field. Optical engineering metrology uses optical methods to measure micro vibrations with instruments like the laser speckle interferometer or to measure the properties of the various masses with instruments measuring refraction . See also Optical lens design Optician Optical physics SPIE Code V Zemax HEXAGON optical software References references Further reading Driggers, Ronald G. ed. 2003 . Encyclopedia of Optical Engineering. New York Marcel Dekker. 3 vols. ISBN 978 0824709402 Bruce H. Walker, Historical Review,SPIE Press, Bellingham, WA. ISBN 9780819478771. http link.aip.org link doi 10.1117 3.818136.ch2 FTS Yu & Xiangyang Yang 1997 Introduction to Optical Engineering , Cambridge University Press , ISBN 0251574935 . Technology footer Engineering stub Category Optics Category Engineering disciplines ar de Feinoptiker ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 File Optical Circulator symbol.jpg thumb Optical Circulator symbol An optical circulator is a special optical fiber fiber optic component that can be used to separate optical signals that travel in opposite directions in an optical fiber , analogous to the operation of an electronic circulator . An optical circulator is a three port device designed such that light entering any port exits from the next. This means that if light enters port 1 it is emitted from port 2, but if some of the emitted light is reflected back to the circulator, it does not come out of port 1, but instead exits from port 3. Circulators can be used to achieve bi directional transmission over a single fiber. Because of its high optical isolator isolation of the input and reflected optical powers and its low insertion loss , optical circulators are widely used in advanced fiber optic communications communication systems and fiber optic sensor applications. Optical circulators are non reciprocal optics, which means that changes in the properties of light passing through the device are not reversed when the light passes through in the opposite direction. This can only happen when the symmetry of the system is broken, for example by an external magnetic field . A Faraday rotator is another example of a non reciprocal optical device. See also Optical isolator http patft.uspto.gov netacgi nph Parser?Sect1 PTO2&Sect2 HITOFF&p 1&u 2Fnetahtml 2FPTO 2Fsearch adv.htm&r 1&f G&l 50&d PTXT&S1 5909310.PN.&OS pn 5909310&RS PN 5909310 US Patent 005909310 DEFAULTSORT Optical Circulator Category Optical devices Optics stub ... more details
Image Optical Interleaver.gif thumb 400px right Illustration of the function of an optical interleaver and de interleaver An optical interleaver is a 3 port passive fiber optics fiber optic device that is used to combine two sets of dense wavelength division multiplexing DWDM channels odd and even channels into a composite signal stream in an interleaving way. For example, optical interleaver takes two multiplexed signals with 100 GHz spacing and interleaves them, creating a denser DWDM signal with channels spaced 50 GHz apart. The process can be repeated, creating even denser composite signals with 25 GHz or 12.5 GHz spacing. The device can be used in a reverse direction, forming an optical deinterleaver that separates a denser DWDM signal into odd channels and even channels. See schematic diagram. For example, in most DWDM equipment, the standard channel spacing is 100 GHz. But spacing the signal carrying frequencies every 50 or even 25 GHz can double or even quadruple the number of channels per fiber. Thus, optical interleaver can expand the number of channels per fiber, and devices and or networks can be upgraded without requiring that all devices be upgraded. Optical interleaver is based on multiple beam interference . Currently, there are two approaches to building optical interleaver 1 Step phase Michelson interferometer , and 2 birefringence Birefringent crystal networks. The former is based on Michelson interferometer combined with Gires Tournois interferometer . Image Interleaver Spectrum.jpg frame 622px center Transmission spectra of 50 100 GHz optical interleaver at three temperatures See also Optical add drop multiplexer External Links http www.optoplex.com Optical Interleaver.htm Optical Interleaver for fiber optic communications Category Fiber optic communications Interleaver, optical Category Optical devices Interleaver, optical Category Photonics ... more details
Merge Wireless Distribution System date January 2010 Unreferenced date September 2007 When two or more hosts ought to be connected with one another over the IEEE 802.11 protocol and the distance is too long for a direct connection to be established, a wireless repeater also called wireless range extender is used to bridge the gap. It can be a specialized stand alone computer networking device . Also, some Wireless network interface controller WNIC s optionally support operating in such a mode. See also Wi Fi Wireless router Wireless Access Point External links DEFAULTSORT Wireless Repeater Category Networking hardware wireless stub ... more details
A 90 optical hybrid is a six port device that is used for coherence physics coherent signal demodulation for either Homodyne detection homodyne or Optical heterodyne detection heterodyne detection. It would ... in the complex field space. The optical hybrid would then deliver the four light signals to two pairs of balanced detectors. Why optical hybrids are needed Since the late 1990s, the transport capacities ... to OOK 2 developments in optical coherent detection and 3 progress in adaptive electrical ... efficiency against noise and transmission impairments. These advancements in optical signal technology are feasible solutions in present day optical networking. The path for an optical coherent ... optical phase locked loop . These advances coupled with recent introduction of six port optical hybrids make adopting and implementing an optical coherent detection scheme economically feasible. With such advances, optical network s can begin to realize the benefits already recognized in microwave ... through coherent detection. Optical coherent systems The commercial feasibility of a coherent system for optical signal transmission was first investigated in the late 1980s as a means to improve a receiver s sensitivity. At the time, because optical amplifiers were not yet fully developed, optical transmission systems were limited by the attenuation in optical fibers. A large number of transmission ... detection. In addition, in contrast to existing optical direct detection system technology, because optical coherent detection systems can also detect not only an optical signal s amplitude but phase ... because the implementation and benefits of an optical coherent system could not be realized by existing ... on coherent detection to a halt, as optical signals could get amplified along the optical transmission link, effectively extending the reach of the optical signal. The primary focus of the development of optical fiber transmission systems gradually shifted towards developing techniques ... more details
nr date March 2010 About the optical component the optoelectronic component Slotted optical switch In telecommunication , an optical switch is a switch that enables signals in optical fiber s or integrated optical circuit s IOCs to be selectively switched from one Telecommunication circuit circuit to another. The word is used on several levels. In commercial terms such as the telecom optical switch ..., independent of how the light itself is switched. Away from the world of telecom systems, an optical ... or signals within a given fiber . Hence a certain portion of the optical switch market is made up of photonic switches. These will contain within them an optical switch, which will, in a small number of cases, be a photonic switch. An optical switch may operate by mechanical means, such as physically shifting an optical fiber to drive one or more alternative fibers, or by electro optic effect s, magneto optic effect s, or other methods. Slow optical switches, such as those using moving fibers, may be used for alternate routing of an optical switch transmission telecommunications transmission path, such as routing around a Fault technology fault . Fast optical switches, such as those using electro ... are the semiconductor optical amplifiers , which are optoelectronic devices that can be used as optical switches and be integrated with discrete or integrated microelectronic circuits. A search on optical switch http patft.uspto.gov netahtml PTO search bool.html yielded some 8000 patents, roughly categorized as follows MEMS approaches involving arrays of micromirrors that can deflect an optical ... involving piezoelctric ceramics providing enhanced optical switching characteristics Inkjet methods ... to or to the normal power range when it is e.g., Patent 7,027,211 . See also Optical cross connect Optical buffer Optical transistor Optical mesh network External links http www.abc.net.au catalyst ... optic communications Switch, optical optics stub id Sakelar Optik he zh ... more details
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