FeaturedPicture delist Image Optical.greysquares.arp.jpg This was promoted as a replacement for Image Optical.greysquares.arp.jpg picture of the day November 5, 2004 February 19, 2005 December 16, 2005 Category Optical illusions ... more details
Optical tweezers originally called single beam gradient force trap are scientific instruments that use ... dielectric objects. Optical tweezers have been particularly successful in studying a variety of biological systems in recent years. History and development The detection of optical scattering ... the first observation of what is now commonly referred to as an optical tweezers a tightly focused ... force optical trap for dielectric particles journal Opt. Lett. volume 11 pages 288 290 year 1986 doi ... paper, United States Secretary of Energy Steven Chu , would go on to use optical tweezing in his ... Matthews J.N.A. title Commercial optical traps emerge from biophysics labs journal Physics Today ... for internal newsletter at Bell Labs. Contains confirmation of Ashkin as the inventor of optical ... Chu described how Ashkin had first envisioned optical tweezing as a method for trapping atoms. ref ... in diameter utilizing resonant laser light and a magnetic gradient trap cf. Magneto optical trap . In the late ... coli bacterium. ref cite journal author Ashkin A, Dziedzic JM title Optical trapping and manipulation ... Bustamante , James Spudich , and Steven Block pioneered the use of optical trap force spectroscopy to characterize ... for locomotion and mechanical action within the cell. Optical traps allowed these biophysics ... level optical trap force spectroscopy has since led to greater understanding of the stochastic nature of these force generating molecules. Optical tweezers have proven useful in other areas of biology as well. For instance, in 2003 the techniques of optical tweezers were applied in the field of cell sorting by creating a large optical intensity pattern over the sample area, cells can be sorted by their intrinsic optical characteristics. ref name MacDonald03 cite journal author MacDonald MP, Spalding GC, Dholakia K title Microfluidic sorting in an optical lattice journal Nature volume 426 ... ref ref Koss BA, Grier DG, http physics.nyu.edu grierlab peristalsis2b Optical Peristalsis ref Optical ... more details
Optical wireless is the combined use of opticaloptical fiber optical fibre and wireless radio radio frequency communication to provide telecommunications telecommunication to clusters of end points which are geographically distant. The high capacity optical fibre is used to span the longest distances, and a lower cost wireless link carries the signal for the last mile to nearby users. Sources http searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com sDefinition 0,,sid40 gci760820,00.html Definition Optical Wireless , SearchMobileComputuing website. Optical communication Telecommunications telecom stub Category Optical communications Category Local loop ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 The path that light takes in traversing an optical system is often called the optical path . The physical length of an optical device can be reduced to less than the length of the optical path by using folded optics . The optical path length as defined in optics is the length of the path multiplied by the index of refraction of the medium. See also Optical path length DEFAULTSORT Optical path Category Optics Optics stub de Strahlengang it Cammino ottico sv Str lg ng ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 An optical link is a communications link that consists of a single end to end optical circuit. A cable of optical fiber , possibly concatenated into a dark fiber link, is the simplest form of an optical link. Other forms of optical link can include single colour links over a wavelength division multiplex infrastructure, and or links that use optical amplifier s to compensate for attenuation over long distances. Other forms of optical links include free space optical communication links. Also in the railways optical is used in two forms depending upon the whether the feeding station is main or not. Thus for main stations it is sain to be long hall and for all remaining stations it is to be short hall. See also colbegin 3 Light Peak Optical interconnect Parallel optical interface Interconnect bottleneck Optical communication Optical cable Transimpedance amplifier Photo diode VCSEL PIN diode Green computing InfiniBand InfiniBand Trade Association Fibre channel HDMI PCI Express Active cables Small form factor pluggable transceiver Terabit Ethernet 100 Gigabit Ethernet 10 Gigabit Ethernet Optoelectronics Data center High performance computing Cloud computing CXP connector Active Cables C Form factor Pluggable Fiber optic communication List of device bandwidths colend DEFAULTSORT Optical Link Category Optical communications Telecom stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Optical physics , or optical science , is a subfield of atomic, molecular, and optical physics . It is the study of the generation of electromagnetic radiation , the properties of that radiation, and the interaction of that radiation with matter , especially its manipulation and control. It differs from general optics and optical engineering in that it is focused on the discovery and application of new phenomena. There is no strong distinction, however, between optical physics, applied optics, and optical engineering, since the devices of optical engineering and the applications of applied optics are necessary for basic research in optical physics, and that research leads to the development of new devices and applications. Often the same people are involved in both the basic research and the applied technology development. Researchers in optical physics use and develop light sources that span the electromagnetic spectrum from microwave s to X ray s. The field includes the generation and detection of light, linear and nonlinear optics nonlinear optical processes, and spectroscopy . Laser s and laser spectroscopy have transformed optical science. Major study in optical physics is also devoted to quantum optics and Coherence physics coherence , and to femtosecond optics. In optical physics, support is also provided in areas such as the nonlinear response of isolated atoms to intense, ultra short electromagnetic fields, the atom cavity interaction at high ... include the development of novel optical techniques for nano optical measurements, diffractive optics , low coherence interferometry , optical coherence tomography , and near field microscopy . Research in optical physics places an emphasis on ultrafast optical science and technology. The applications of optical physics create advancements in telecommunication communications , medicine , manufacturing ... Optical Physics Category Atomic, molecular, and optical physics Category Optics bn ... more details
Image Kinds of optical autocorrelation.svg thumb 313px right Classification of the different kinds of optical autocorrelation. In optics , various autocorrelation functions can be experimentally realized. The field autocorrelation may be used to calculate the spectrum of a source of light, while the intensity autocorrelation and the interferometric autocorrelation are commonly used to estimate the duration of ultrashort pulse s produced by modelocking modelocked laser s. The laser pulse duration ... 2078 2002 . ref as well as higher order nonlinear optical processes such as third harmonic generation ... field reconstruction SPIDER or Frequency resolved optical gating FROG . The latter are two competing measuring techniques introduced after optical autocorrelation Citation needed date January 2012 . Field autocorrelation Image optical field autocorrelation setup.svg thumb 400px right Setup for a field ... of the field autocorrelation is the spectrum of math E t math , i.e., the square of the magnitude ... optical field autocorrelation.png thumb 500px center Two ultrashort pulse s a and b with their respective ... defined by math A tau int infty infty I t I t tau dt math The optical implementation of the intensity ... math . Only the beam propagating on the optical axis, proportional to the cross product math E t E t tau ... using an intensity autocorrelation. However, the phase cannot be measured. Image optical ... has been shifted to omit this background. Interferometric autocorrelation Image optical ... becomes more complex. Clear Image optical interferometric autocorrelation.png thumb 500px center Two ... of interferometric autocorrelation traces. Pupil function autocorrelation The optical transfer function T w of an optical system is given by the autocorrelation of its entrance pupil pupil function ... 2 dy dx math See also Autocorrelator Convolution References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Optical Autocorrelation Category Optical metrology Category Nonlinear optics Category Laser science de Autokorrelator ... more details
refimprove date January 2010 Image Optical feedback 2 short.gif right thumbnail Example 1. Optical feedback Image Optical feedback 2ex vsm.jpg right 160px thumbnail Example 2. Screenshots BR of optical feedback Optical feedback is the optics optical equivalent of acoustic feedback . A simple example is the feedback that occurs when a loop exists between an optical input, e.g., a video camera , and an optical output, e.g., a Television television screen or video monitor monitor . A simple example of optical feedback is also an image cast between mirror s. In the GIF movie, and the JPEG still image examples right , light from a candle is received by a video camera, Amplifier amplified and then sent by cable to a monitor projecting electron beams to a monitor screen. The image on the monitor is then captured ... vibrations. Optical feedback can be combined with music, or other sound sources, to influence the image ... Retrieved 2010 12 28. ref and he has also generated a Mendeleev s square to show the gradual progressive ... recorded image. In entertainment Many artists have used optical feedback. An example is Queen ... VLC , a computer program. The optical feedback discussed so far video feedback, created by a camera pointing at its own monitor is actually just one particular example of optical feedback. Perhaps the most obvious example of optical feedback in science is the optical cavity found in almost every laser ... modes in unstable resonators , Nature journal Nature Vol. 402, 138 11 November 1999 ref Optical ... can be useful for other applications of optical feedback. Video feedback has been used to explain ... s Video Feedback page provides links and information about real and simulated video feedback. Optical ... plate detector . Optical feedback has been used experimentally in these tubes to amplify an image, in the manner of the cavity laser, but this technique has had limited use. Optical feedback .... In philosophy Douglas Hofstadter uses a direct analogy to Optical feedback video feedback in his ... more details
Optical networking can refer to Optical communication Fiber optic communication Synchronous optical networking Optical Transport Network OTN Passive optical network disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2009 Optical microspheres photonic atoms are high quality factor optical resonator s used for active and passive photonic applications such as microlaser cavities and filters. Category Optics optics stub ... more details
Image fibreoptic.jpg thumb right A bundle of optical fibers Image Fiber optic illuminated.jpg thumb A TOSLINK fiber optic audio cable being illuminated at one end An optical fiber or optical fibre is a flexible .... ref http books.google.com books?id k83sN7SJLVgC&pg PA34&dq optical fiber glass human hair&hl en&ei Op3OTdSCFpDVgAehqeXCDA&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 6&ved 0CHkQ6AEwBQ v onepage&q optical ... 34 ref The field of applied science and engineering concerned with the design and application of optical fibers is known as fiber optics . Optical fibers are widely used in fiber optic communication ... applications, including sensor s and fiber laser s. Image Optical fibre junction box.jpg thumb right An optical fiber junction box. The yellow cables are Single mode optical fiber single mode fibers the orange and blue cables are Multi mode optical fiber multi mode fibers 50 125 m OM2 and 50 125 m OM3 fibers respectively. Optical fiber typically includes of a transparent core optical fiber core ... for most communication links longer than convert 1050 sp us m ft . Joining lengths of optical fiber ... fusing them together with heat. Special optical fiber connector s for removable connections are also ... Regis J title Optical Switching and Networking Handbook publisher McGraw Hill year 2001 location ... sixlecturesonlig00tynduoft ref Unpigmented human hairs have also been shown to act as an optical fiber ... by Heinrich Lamm in the following decade. Modern optical fibers, where the glass fiber is coated ... laureates 2009 sciback phy 09.pdf Two Revolutionary Optical Technologies . Scientific Background ... produced the first glass clad fibers previous optical fibers had relied on air or impractical ... signals over an optical beam. ref name SDU Jones, Newell. http history.sandiego.edu gen recording ... that would be offered by fiber optical systems. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, light ... University , also proposed the use of optical fibers for communications in 1963, as stated in his ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Optical storage is a term from engineering referring to the storage of data on an optically readable medium. Data is recorded by making marks in a pattern that can be read back with the aid of light , usually a beam of laser light precisely focused on a spinning disc. An older example, that does not require the use of computers, is microform . There are other means of optically storing data and new methods are in development. Optical storage differs from other computer data storage data storage techniques that make use of other technologies such as magnetism or semiconductor s. Optical storage can range from a single drive reading a single CD ROM to multiple drives reading multiple discs such as an optical jukebox . Single compact discs can hold around 700MB megabyte s and optical jukebox es can hold much more ref Compact Disc http en.wikipedia.org wiki Compact Disc ref . The term optical drive usually refers to a device in a computer that can read CD ROM s or other optical disc s. It is estimated that in the year 2007, optical storage represents 27 of the world s technological capacity to store information ref name HilbertLopez2011 http www.sciencemag.org content 332 6025 60 The World s Technological Capacity to Store, Communicate, and Compute Information , especially http www.sciencemag.org content suppl 2011 02 08 science.1200970.DC1 Hilbert SOM.pdf ... also Data storage device the broader topic of all devices that store data. Optical Media board disc modern optical discs such as CD ROM s and related formats. Optical Jukebox Optical disc drive Optical tape more capacity than magnetic tape but not as cost effective Magneto optical drive combines Optical ... data storage media. HDSS Holographic Data Storage Systems potential new optical storage technology. 3D optical data storage potential new optical storage technology. Optical Storage Technology Association industry trade association References Reflist Optical storage media DEFAULTSORT Optical Storage ... more details
unreferenced date September 2009 Image optical train.jpg thumb 250px right An optical train showing the arrangement and angle of lenses and mirrors to guide the laser. Optical train also called optical assembly is the arrangement of lens optics lenses to guide Line of sight propagation line of sight and lasers. The position and angle of lenses are adjusted to guide a laser through the path required. optics stub Category fiber optics ... more details
In physics , the optical theorem is a general law of wave scattering theory , which relates the forward scattering amplitude to the total cross section physics cross section of the scatterer. It is usually written in the form math sigma mathrm tot frac 4 pi k mathrm Im ,f 0 , math where f 0 is the scattering amplitude with an angle of zero, that is, the amplitude of the wave scattered to the center of a distant screen. Because the optical theorem is derived using only conservation of energy , or in quantum mechanics from conservation of probability , the optical theorem is widely applicable and, in quantum mechanics , math sigma mathrm tot math includes both Elasticity physics elastic and inelastic scattering. Note that the above form is for an incident plane wave a more general form discovered by Werner Heisenberg can be written math mathrm Im f bold hat k , bold hat k frac k 4 pi int f bold hat k , bold hat k f bold hat k , bold hat k d bold hat k . math Notice that as a natural consequence of the optical theorem, an object that scatters any light at all ought to have a nonzero forward scattering amplitude, and so a bright central spot. History The optical theorem was originally discovered independently by Sellmeier and John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh Lord Rayleigh in 1871. Lord Rayleigh recognized the forward scattering amplitude in terms of the index of refraction as math n 1 2 pi frac Nf 0 k 2 , math which he used in a study of the color and polarization of the sky. The equation was later extended to quantum scattering theory by several individuals, and came to be known as the Bohr Peierls Placzek relation after a 1939 publication. It was first referred to as the Optical Theorem in print in 1955 by Hans Bethe and Frederic de Hoffmann , after it had been known as a well ... now like to use the fact that the intensity physics intensity is proportional to the square of the amplitude ... Optical Theorem and Beyond journal Am. J. Phys year 1976 volume 44 pages 639 642 doi 10.1119 1.10324 ... more details
For the optic axis of a crystal Optic axis of a crystal Image Optical axis en.png thumb 300px Optical axis coincides with red ray and rays symmetrical to optical axis pair of blue and pair of green rays propagating through different lenses. An optical axis is a line along which there is some degree of rotational symmetry in an optics optical system such as a camera lens or microscope . The optical axis is an imaginary line that defines the path along which light propagates through the system. For a system composed of simple lens optics lenses and mirror s, the axis passes through the center of curvature of each surface, and coincides with the axis of rotational symmetry . The optical axis is often coincident with the system s mechanical axis, but not always, as in the case of off axis optical system s. For an optical fiber , the optical axis is along the center of the fiber core , and is also known as the fiber axis . See also Ray optics Cardinal point optics Boresight References FS1037C DODDIC Category Geometrical optics de Optische Achse Optik et Optiline telg eo Optika akso ko id Sumbu optis it Asse ottico nl Optische as optica ja pl O optyczna ru sk Optick os sl Opti na os tr Optik eksen uk zh ... more details
about visual perception the Time Requiem album Optical Illusion album Image Grey squareoptical illusion.PNG thumb right An optical illusion. The square A is exactly the same shade of gray as square B. See checker shadow illusion . An optical illusion also called a visual illusion is characterized by visual ... measurement of the stimulus source. There are three main types literal optical illusions that create ... approaches to optical illusions have had some success in explaining optical phenomena with which theories ... or geometrical optical illusions are characterized by distortions of size, length, position ... are the same size. The Optical illusion seen in a diorama false perspective also exploits assumptions ... constancies Image Gradient optical illusion.svg thumb left Simultaneous Contrast Illusion. The background ... appears to progress from light grey to dark grey, but is in fact just one colour. Image Optical grey ... 86 Optical Illusions & Visual Phenomena date 16 August 2004 last update 2010 01 04 title Shepard s Turning ... York has a more imaginative take on optical illusions, saying that they are due to a neural lag which ... name Bryner http www.livescience.com strangenews 080602 foresee future.html Key to All Optical Illusions ... like in the next instant. ref name Bryner blockquote Illusions main List of optical illusions Artists Image Revolving circles.svg thumb right An optical illusion. The two circles seem to move when ... appears to move both clockwise and counter clockwise Artists who have worked with optical illusions ... Hughes , Istv n Orosz , Rob Gonsalves , Gianni A. Sarcone , Ben Heine and Akiyoshi Kitaoka . Optical ... process but give rise to optical illusions in unusual situations. In this sense, the cognitive processes hypothesis can be considered a framework for an understanding of optical illusions as the signature ... perception Emmert s law Entoptic phenomenon Forced perspective Geometrical optical illusions Gestalt ... 6 632 640. External links Commons Optical illusion Please do not add advertising links to this article ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 For a mirror holder Mirror mount Orphan date November 2006 An optical mount is a device used to join a normal camera and another optical instrument, such as a microscope or telescope . The optical mount is generally attached to the camera as a camera lens lens would on one end, and fastened to the other instrument in a similar fashion. Optical mounts are used extensively in science scientific imaging applications in biology and astronomy . DEFAULTSORT Optical Mount Category Photography equipment Category Microscopy Category Astronomical instruments Photography stub ... more details
Optical engineering is the field of study that focuses on applications of optics . Optical engineers design components of optical instrument s such as lens optics lenses , microscope s, telescope s, and other equipment that utilizes the properties of light . Other devices include optical sensors and measurement systems, laser s, fiber optic communication systems, optical disc systems e.g. CD , DVD , etc. Because optical engineers want to design and build devices that make light do something useful, they must understand and apply the science of optics in substantial detail, in order to know what is physically possible to achieve physics and chemistry . However, they also must know what is practical in terms of available technology, materials, costs, design methods, etc. As with other fields of engineering, computer s are important to many perhaps most optical engineers. They are used with instruments, for simulation, in design, and for many other applications. Engineers often use general computer tools such as spreadsheet s and programming language s, and they make frequent use of specialized optical software designed specifically for their field. Optical engineering metrology uses optical methods to measure micro vibrations with instruments like the laser speckle interferometer or to measure the properties of the various masses with instruments measuring refraction . See also Optical lens design Optician Optical physics SPIE Code V Zemax HEXAGON optical software References references Further reading Driggers, Ronald G. ed. 2003 . Encyclopedia of Optical Engineering. New York Marcel Dekker. 3 vols. ISBN 978 0824709402 Bruce H. Walker, Historical Review,SPIE Press, Bellingham, WA. ISBN 9780819478771. http link.aip.org link doi 10.1117 3.818136.ch2 FTS Yu & Xiangyang Yang 1997 Introduction to Optical Engineering , Cambridge University Press , ISBN 0251574935 . Technology footer Engineering stub Category Optics Category Engineering disciplines ar de Feinoptiker ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 File Optical Circulator symbol.jpg thumb Optical Circulator symbol An optical circulator is a special optical fiber fiber optic component that can be used to separate optical signals that travel in opposite directions in an optical fiber , analogous to the operation of an electronic circulator . An optical circulator is a three port device designed such that light entering any port exits from the next. This means that if light enters port 1 it is emitted from port 2, but if some of the emitted light is reflected back to the circulator, it does not come out of port 1, but instead exits from port 3. Circulators can be used to achieve bi directional transmission over a single fiber. Because of its high optical isolator isolation of the input and reflected optical powers and its low insertion loss , optical circulators are widely used in advanced fiber optic communications communication systems and fiber optic sensor applications. Optical circulators are non reciprocal optics, which means that changes in the properties of light passing through the device are not reversed when the light passes through in the opposite direction. This can only happen when the symmetry of the system is broken, for example by an external magnetic field . A Faraday rotator is another example of a non reciprocal optical device. See also Optical isolator http patft.uspto.gov netacgi nph Parser?Sect1 PTO2&Sect2 HITOFF&p 1&u 2Fnetahtml 2FPTO 2Fsearch adv.htm&r 1&f G&l 50&d PTXT&S1 5909310.PN.&OS pn 5909310&RS PN 5909310 US Patent 005909310 DEFAULTSORT Optical Circulator Category Optical devices Optics stub ... more details
Image Optical Interleaver.gif thumb 400px right Illustration of the function of an optical interleaver and de interleaver An optical interleaver is a 3 port passive fiber optics fiber optic device that is used to combine two sets of dense wavelength division multiplexing DWDM channels odd and even channels into a composite signal stream in an interleaving way. For example, optical interleaver takes two multiplexed signals with 100 GHz spacing and interleaves them, creating a denser DWDM signal with channels spaced 50 GHz apart. The process can be repeated, creating even denser composite signals with 25 GHz or 12.5 GHz spacing. The device can be used in a reverse direction, forming an optical deinterleaver that separates a denser DWDM signal into odd channels and even channels. See schematic diagram. For example, in most DWDM equipment, the standard channel spacing is 100 GHz. But spacing the signal carrying frequencies every 50 or even 25 GHz can double or even quadruple the number of channels per fiber. Thus, optical interleaver can expand the number of channels per fiber, and devices and or networks can be upgraded without requiring that all devices be upgraded. Optical interleaver is based on multiple beam interference . Currently, there are two approaches to building optical interleaver 1 Step phase Michelson interferometer , and 2 birefringence Birefringent crystal networks. The former is based on Michelson interferometer combined with Gires Tournois interferometer . Image Interleaver Spectrum.jpg frame 622px center Transmission spectra of 50 100 GHz optical interleaver at three temperatures See also Optical add drop multiplexer External Links http www.optoplex.com Optical Interleaver.htm Optical Interleaver for fiber optic communications Category Fiber optic communications Interleaver, optical Category Optical devices Interleaver, optical Category Photonics ... more details
A 90 optical hybrid is a six port device that is used for coherence physics coherent signal demodulation for either Homodyne detection homodyne or Optical heterodyne detection heterodyne detection. It would ... in the complex field space. The optical hybrid would then deliver the four light signals to two pairs of balanced detectors. Why optical hybrids are needed Since the late 1990s, the transport capacities ... to OOK 2 developments in optical coherent detection and 3 progress in adaptive electrical ... efficiency against noise and transmission impairments. These advancements in optical signal technology are feasible solutions in present day optical networking. The path for an optical coherent ... optical phase locked loop . These advances coupled with recent introduction of six port optical hybrids make adopting and implementing an optical coherent detection scheme economically feasible. With such advances, optical network s can begin to realize the benefits already recognized in microwave ... through coherent detection. Optical coherent systems The commercial feasibility of a coherent system for optical signal transmission was first investigated in the late 1980s as a means to improve a receiver s sensitivity. At the time, because optical amplifiers were not yet fully developed, optical transmission systems were limited by the attenuation in optical fibers. A large number of transmission ... detection. In addition, in contrast to existing optical direct detection system technology, because optical coherent detection systems can also detect not only an optical signal s amplitude but phase ... because the implementation and benefits of an optical coherent system could not be realized by existing ... on coherent detection to a halt, as optical signals could get amplified along the optical transmission link, effectively extending the reach of the optical signal. The primary focus of the development of optical fiber transmission systems gradually shifted towards developing techniques ... more details
nr date March 2010 About the optical component the optoelectronic component Slotted optical switch In telecommunication , an optical switch is a switch that enables signals in optical fiber s or integrated optical circuit s IOCs to be selectively switched from one Telecommunication circuit circuit to another. The word is used on several levels. In commercial terms such as the telecom optical switch ..., independent of how the light itself is switched. Away from the world of telecom systems, an optical ... or signals within a given fiber . Hence a certain portion of the optical switch market is made up of photonic switches. These will contain within them an optical switch, which will, in a small number of cases, be a photonic switch. An optical switch may operate by mechanical means, such as physically shifting an optical fiber to drive one or more alternative fibers, or by electro optic effect s, magneto optic effect s, or other methods. Slow optical switches, such as those using moving fibers, may be used for alternate routing of an optical switch transmission telecommunications transmission path, such as routing around a Fault technology fault . Fast optical switches, such as those using electro ... are the semiconductor optical amplifiers , which are optoelectronic devices that can be used as optical switches and be integrated with discrete or integrated microelectronic circuits. A search on optical switch http patft.uspto.gov netahtml PTO search bool.html yielded some 8000 patents, roughly categorized as follows MEMS approaches involving arrays of micromirrors that can deflect an optical ... involving piezoelctric ceramics providing enhanced optical switching characteristics Inkjet methods ... to or to the normal power range when it is e.g., Patent 7,027,211 . See also Optical cross connect Optical buffer Optical transistor Optical mesh network External links http www.abc.net.au catalyst ... optic communications Switch, optical optics stub id Sakelar Optik he zh ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date November 2006 Context date October 2009 Optical films are several kinds of industrial and chemical thin film optics . They are mainly used for liquid crystal display panels. DEFAULTSORT Optical Film Category Liquid crystal displays Video tech stub ... more details
Mergeto diffraction limit date June 2009 Optical superresolution is a general term for optical techniques which operate beyond the normal diffraction limit . See also Super resolution Superoscillation Category Physical optics physics stub optics stub ... more details
TMB Optical of Cleveland, OH is a manufacturer of amateur optical telescope telescopes and accessories, specializing in apochromat ic refracting telescope refractors and astronomical eyepiece s. TMB was named after its founder, optics designer Thomas M. Back . Besides producing optical equipment, TMB has licensed optics designs to other manufacturers, such as Astronomics and Burgess Optical. Thomas M. Back died in September, 2007, but the company continues in operation. External links http www.tmboptical.com Company website http www.cloudynights.com item.php?item id 1549 An interview with Thomas Back Category Telescope manufacturers Category Companies based in Cleveland, Ohio US manufacturing company stub ... more details
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