Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 An opticallink is a communications link that consists of a single end to end optical circuit. A cable of optical fiber , possibly concatenated into a dark fiber link, is the simplest form of an opticallink. Other forms of opticallink can include single colour links over a wavelength division multiplex infrastructure, and or links that use optical amplifier s to compensate for attenuation over long distances. Other forms of optical links include free space optical communication links. Also in the railways optical is used in two forms depending upon the whether the feeding station is main or not. Thus for main stations it is sain to be long hall and for all remaining stations it is to be short hall. See also colbegin 3 Light Peak Optical interconnect Parallel optical interface Interconnect bottleneck Optical communication Optical cable Transimpedance amplifier Photo diode VCSEL PIN diode Green computing InfiniBand InfiniBand Trade Association Fibre channel HDMI PCI Express Active cables Small form factor pluggable transceiver Terabit Ethernet 100 Gigabit Ethernet 10 Gigabit Ethernet Optoelectronics Data center High performance computing Cloud computing CXP connector Active Cables C Form factor Pluggable Fiber optic communication List of device bandwidths colend category Optical communications DEFAULTSORT OpticalLink Telecom stub ... more details
orphan date July 2010 S LINK , for simple link interface , is a high performance data acquisition standard developed at CERN for collecting information from particle accelerator s and other sources. Unlike similar systems, S LINK is based on the idea that data will be collected and stored by computers at both ends of the link, as opposed to a dumb devices collecting data to be stored on a smart computer. Having a full computer at both ends allows S LINK to be very thin, primarily defining the logical standards used to feed data at high speed from the motherboards to the link hardware interfaces. S LINK started in 1995 in response to problems collecting data from the new ATLAS experiment at CERN. ATLAS was extensively instrumented with stand alone computers, which sent data via a variety of methods to be collected on various servers. S LINK was seen as a way to provide a single mechanism for forwarding the data from the collection to the link hardware with extremely low latency. Generally the S LINK hardware provided functionality that would normally be provided by networking or other drivers running on the host Central processing unit CPU , thereby tying up cycles and introducing delays. S LINK used a 32 bit bus running up to 66 MHz, allowing for throughout up to 264 megabyte MB s. The link side was typically connected to optical fibre for transmission to the collecting machines, known as the read out motherboard , or ROMB . Data could also be sent back to the front end motherboard or FEMB , typically for flow control purposes at a much lower speed. External links http hsi.web.cern.ch HSI s link S LINK DEFAULTSORT S Link Category Particle experiments Category Computing acronyms ... more details
The Link may refer to The Link retailer , a mobile phone retailer in the United Kingdom The Link newspaper , a student newspaper at Concordia University in Canada The Link album The Link album , by French death metal band Gojira The Link organisation , an Anglo German friendship organisation of the 1930s The Link organization , a community based nonprofit organization in Minneapolis, Minnesota The Link REIT , a Hong Kong real estate investment trust The Link Homeschool Newspaper , published by Mary Leppert Darwinius &ndash 47 million year old fossil link between prosimians and simians The Link is the newsletter of the organization Americans for Middle East Understanding The Link , a division of NZ Bus that operates bus services in Auckland s central city See also Link disambiguation The Linc disambiguation Disambig ... more details
wiktionary link links selfref For help creating links in Wikipedia, see Help Contents Links or Help Link ... Link, links, linking may refer to TOCright Computing and internet Links web browser , a visual ... through links which does not show the address code nowiki link nowiki code or code nowiki a nowiki code , an HTML element Telecommunications Telecommunications link Data link Downlink Point to point link Satellite link Organization Project LINK , a United Nations project to build global macroeconomic models LINK UK , an ATM cashpoint network in the United Kingdom The Link organisation , a short lived British organization founded in 1937 to promote Anglo German friendship The Link REIT , a real ... Hong Kong Link , a holding company for toll tunnels and bridges wholly owned by the Government of Hong Kong Liberty in North Korea LiNK , a human rights advocacy group LINKS, a St John Ambulance in England and Wales LINKS units collection of student run St John Ambulance units Link , a facility ... Link knot theory , a union of separated mathematical knots, possibly tangled together Link geometry , a graph derived from edges and corners incident to a vertex The link function , used in generalized ... golf magazine Entertainment Television and film Link film Link film , a 1986 horror movie featuring an orangutan Link TV , an independent American satellite television network Link The Matrix Link The Matrix , a character in Matrix media Link Larkin, a character from the musical Hairspray musical Hairspray Link, the ice age man character in the 1992 American film Encino Man Link Hogthrob , character from The Muppets The Missing Link , a character from the 2009 animated film, Monsters vs. Aliens Video games Link The Legend of Zelda Link The Legend of Zelda , the main character in The Legend of Zelda ... computer game , computer simulated golf game by Access Software Pok mon Trozei Pok mon Link , a puzzle game for the Nintendo DS. Known as Pok mon Trozei outside of Europe Music Link singer , an American ... more details
image LINK Plus search engine.png right thumb 320px An example query using the LINK search engine. Link or LINK pronounced link plus is a networked catalog of contributed holdings from participating Academic library academic and public libraries in California and Nevada . ref cite book last Aggarwal first Anil title Web Based Learning and Teaching Technologies Opportunities and Challenges year 2000 publisher Idea Group Inc isbn 9781878289605 oclc 43095789 page 21 ref Through Link , library patrons can check out a book from any participating library via their own local library and have it delivered to the library of their choice at no cost. Participating libraries As of March 2010 , the participating libraries are ref cite web title Member Libraries url http csul.iii.com screens members.html publisher Link accessdate February 2, 2011 ref note, I accessed and confirmed link on 2011 02 02, but have not confirmed contents, so I m leaving as of March 2010, at least for now Alameda County Library Alliant International University Azusa Pacific University Berkeley Public Library Biola University California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, Library Cal Poly Pomona Library California State Polytechnic University, Pomona Cal Poly Pomona California Polytechnic State University Cal Poly San Luis Obispo California State University, Dominguez Hills CSU Dominguez Hills California State University, East Bay CSU East Bay Formerly CSU Hayward California State University, Fresno CSU Fresno California State University, Long Beach CSU Long Beach California State University, Stanislaus CSU Stanislaus Claremont Colleges Contra Costa County Library Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Library Along with the entire San Jose Public Library system San Jose State University Hayward Public Library La Sierra University Livermore Public Library Loma Linda University Loyola Marymount University Malcolm A. Love Library San Diego State University Mission College Santa Clara, California Mission College Mountain ... more details
The T Link lang no T forbindelsen is a road project under construction in Rogaland , Norway . It consists of the convert 8.9 km adj on sp us long Karm y Tunnel , which will connect the island of Karm y with European route E39 European Route E39 in Tysv r, and a convert 9.8 km adj on sp us section of road from a roundabout in the tunnel north to Haugesund . The project includes the convert 50 m adj on long Tuastad Bridge, the convert 687 m adj on long Husafjell Tunnel and the convert 260 m adj on long Spannavarden Tunnel. ref cite web url http www.vegvesen.no Vegprosjekter tforbindelsen Prosjektinnhald title Prosjektinnhald author Norwegian Public Roads Administration accessdate 9 January 2011 language Norwegian ref History With the establishment of E39, it was decided that the route would not pass through Karm y, but instead follow a more inner route via Bokn and Tysv r. The Skudeneshavn Randaberg Ferry was at the same time downgraded, and the Mortavika Arsv gen Ferry established as the main connection. Combined with the Rennes y Fixed Link , this gave much shorter ferry times across Boknafjord . The T Link was proposed to allow better access southwards towards J ren , while at the same time providing faster travel time between Koppervik to Haugesund. ref cite web url http www.regjeringen.no nb dep sd dok regpubl stprp 19992000 stprp nr 72 1999 2000 2 1.html?id 203580 title Bakgrunn og m l author Norwegian Ministry of Transport and Communications accessdate 9 January 2011 language Norwegian ref The project is estimated to cost 1.5 billion Norwegian krone NOK and was initially approved by the Parliament of Norway in 2001, which included that 60 of the tolls would be pre collected on the Mortavika Arsv gen Ferry. This gave an annual income of NOK 60 million. The remaining 40 will be collected from the uses as a toll. Financing in 2008 NOK included 405 million in state grants, 817 million from user payments, 39 million in municipal advances, 95 from Karm y Municipality ... more details
Optical wireless is the combined use of opticaloptical fiber optical fibre and wireless radio radio frequency communication to provide telecommunications telecommunication to clusters of end points which are geographically distant. The optical fibre is used to span the longest distances, then a wireless link transmits the signal to nearby houses. telecom stub Sources http searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com sDefinition 0,,sid40 gci760820,00.html Optical communication Category Optical communications Category Local loop ... more details
Refimprove date May 2007 Optical communication is any form of telecommunication that uses light as the transmission medium . An optical communication system consists of a transmitter , which encodes a message into an optical signal information theory signal , a channel communications channel , which ... optical signal. Forms of optical communication File Bundesarchiv Bild 102 09520, Kieler Hafen, Abfahrt der Deutschen Hochseeflotte.jpg thumb Naval signal There are many forms of non technological optical ... s, ship flags , smoke signals , and beacon beacon fires were the earliest form of technological optical ... an Aldis lamp to communicate with planes whose radio failed. Optical fiber is the most common medium for modern digital optical communication. Free space optical communication is also used today in a variety of applications. Optical fiber communication Main article Fiber optic communication . Optical fiber is the most common type of channel for optical communications, however, other types of optical ... in optical fiber links are generally light emitting diode s LEDs or laser diode s. Infrared light, rather than visible light is used more commonly, because optical fibers transmit infrared wavelengths ... is typically simple intensity modulation , although historically optical phase and frequency modulation ... by the introduction of the erbium doped fiber amplifier , which extended link distances at significantly lower cost. Free space optical communication Main article Free space optical communication ... and the destination, and the optical receiver can reliably decode the transmitted information. Infrared Data Association IrDA is an example of low data rate, short distance free space optical communications using LEDs. See also Commons category Optical communication Laser Optical telegraph Heliograph Telegraph Jun Ichi Nishizawa an inventor of optical communication. Optical fiber cable Optical interconnect Light Peak Parallel optical interface Interconnect bottleneck Opto isolator Fiber tapping ... more details
to a halt, as optical signals could get amplified along the optical transmission link, effectively extending the reach of the optical signal. The primary focus of the development of optical fiber ...A 90 optical hybrid is a six port device that is used for coherence physics coherent signal demodulation for either Homodyne detection homodyne or Optical heterodyne detection heterodyne detection. It would ... in the complex field space. The optical hybrid would then deliver the four light signals to two pairs of balanced detectors. Why optical hybrids are needed Since the late 1990s, the transport capacities ... DPSK modulation format, as opposed to OOK 2 developments in optical coherent detection and 3 progress ... strides in optical signal technology are no longer theoretical possibilities but are feasible solutions in present day optical networking technology. The path for an optical coherent system has already ... optical phase lock loop. These advances coupled with recent introduction of six port optical hybrid ... and implementing an optical coherent detection scheme. Perhaps with such advances, optical .... Optical coherent systems The commercial feasibility of a coherent system for optical signal transmission ..., because optical amplifiers were not yet fully developed, optical transmission systems were limited by the attenuation in optical fibers. A large number of transmission experiments with coherent ... to existing optical direct detection system technology, because optical coherent detection systems can also detect not only an optical signal s amplitude but phase and polarization as well ... of an optical coherent system could not be realized by existing systems and technologies ... dispersion, which became one of the most limiting impairments in optical fibers. Eventually, many techniques ... shifted towards increasing the amount of information that could be transmitted in an optical fiber. Because of coherent detection systems ability to distinguish the optical phase and polarization ... more details
link doi 10.1117 3.818136.ch2 FTS Yu & Xiangyang Yang 1997 Introduction to Optical Engineering ...Optical engineering is the field of study that focuses on applications of optics . Optical engineers design components of optical instrument s such as lens optics lenses , microscope s, telescope s, and other equipment that utilize the properties of light . Other devices include optical sensors and measurement systems, laser s, fiber optic communication systems, optical disc systems e.g. CD , DVD , etc. Because optical engineers want to design and build devices that make light do something useful, they must understand and apply the science of optics in substantial detail, in order to know what is physically possible to achieve physics and chemistry . However, they also must know what is practical in terms of available technology, materials, costs, design methods, etc. As with other fields of engineering, computer s are important to many perhaps most optical engineers. They are used with instruments, for simulation, in design, and for many other applications. Engineers often use general ... optical software designed specifically for their field. Optical engineering metrology uses optical ... of Optical Engineering 4,000 years ago there were some signs and indications that early optical engineers used optical applications. People who designed and built the Stonehenge and Pyramid of Cheops used basic optical engineering principles. These structures had a connection with the earth and sun ... of optical beams from the eyes. Aristotle believed vision is accomplished when particles from the object ... H. Walker, Historical Review,SPIE Press, Bellingham, WA. ISBN 9780819478771. http link.aip.org link doi 10.1117 3.818136.ch2 . ref See also Optical lens design Optician Optics Optical physics SPIE CODE V Zemax HEXAGON optical software HEXAGON References references Further reading Driggers, Ronald G. ed. 2003 . Encyclopedia of Optical Engineering. New York Marcel Dekker. 3 vols. ISBN 978 0824709402 ... more details
Optical interconnect is a way of communication by optical cables. ref name register cite news url http www.theregister.co.uk 2009 09 23 light peak title Intel unfurls copper killing optical cables last Myslewski first Rik date 2009 09 23 publisher The Register accessdate 2009 09 27 ref Compared to traditional cables, optical wires are capable of a much higher Bandwidth computing bandwidth , from 10 Gb s up to 100 Gb s. ref name cnet cite news url http news.cnet.com 8301 30685 3 10360047 264.html title Intel s Light Peak One PC cable to rule them all last Shankland first Stephen date 2009 09 23 publisher CNet accessdate 2009 09 27 ref The technology is currently being introduced as a way to link computers to mobile devices, ref name pcworld cite news url http www.pcworld.com businesscenter article 172480 intel connects pcs to devices using light.html title Intel Connects PCs to Devices Using Light last Shah first Agam date 2009 09 23 publisher PC World magazine PCWorld accessdate 2009 09 27 ref as well as on motherboard s and devices within computers ref name cnet ref name iptronics cite news url http www.iptronics.com 36209 Optical 20interconnects.html title Parallel Optical Interconnects last Bek first Jesper date 2008 06 09 publisher IPtronics accessdate 2010 04 09 ref See also Optical communication Parallel optical interface Thunderbolt interface Interconnect bottleneck Optical fiber cable References reflist Compu stub Electron stub Category Integrated circuits ... more details
Infobox album Name Optical Race Type Studio album Artist Tangerine Dream Cover Optical Race.png Caption 1988 LP album cover Released August, 1988 Recorded April May, 1988, in Berlin and Vienna Genre Electronic music Length 52 39 Label Private Music Producer Paul Haslinger , Edgar Froese Reviews Allmusic Rating 3 5 Allmusic class album id r108699 pure url yes link Last album Livemiles br 1988 This album Optical Race br 1988 Next album Miracle Mile soundtrack Miracle Mile br 1989 Optical Race is an album by Electronic music electronic artists Tangerine Dream , which was released in 1988. Optical Race marked the first appearance of the band on Private Music , a label founded by former Tangerine Dream member Peter Baumann . ref cite web last Berling first Michael url http www.voices in the net.de opticalr.htm title Optical Race work Voices in the Net accessdate 2008 02 18 archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20071011123135 http voices in the net.de opticalr.htm archivedate 2007 10 11 ref It was also their first album without Christopher Franke since 1970 s Electronic Meditation . The sleeve of the 12 release and the first release on CD features a die cut outer sleeve with a multicolored inner sleeve. This album also is the first release of Tangerine Dream s to be programmed largely with a computer, in this case an Atari ST . Track listing tracklist title1 Marakesh length1 8 17 title2 Atlas Eyes length2 4 04 title3 Mothers of Rain length3 5 13 title4 Twin Soul Tribe length4 4 28 title5 Optical Race length5 3 13 title6 Cat Scan length6 5 35 title7 Sun Gate length7 4 44 title8 Turning off the Wheel length8 6 11 title9 The Midnight Trail length9 5 54 title10 Ghazal Love Song length10 5 00 Personnel Paul Haslinger composer, musician Edgar Froese composer, musician Ralf Wadephul composer ... Transsiberia album in 1998 under the title The Golden Horn . Optical Race played by the group on german ... Category 1988 albums Category Tangerine Dream albums es Optical Race nl Optical race ... more details
Category Optical trapping Category 1986 introductions Category Force lasers Link GA ru Link FA ...Optical tweezers originally called single beam gradient force trap are scientific instruments that use ... dielectric objects. Optical tweezers have been particularly successful in studying a variety of biological systems in recent years. History and development The detection of optical scattering ... is now commonly referred to as an optical tweezers a tightly focused beam of light capable of holding ... JE, Chu S title Observation of a single beam gradient force optical trap for dielectric particles ... optical tweezing in his work on Laser cooling cooling and trapping neutral atoms. ref name ptonline.aip.org cite journal author Matthews J.N.A. title Commercial optical traps emerge from biophysics ... as the inventor of optical trapping and provides information on the 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics. ref In an interview, Steven Chu described how Ashkin had first envisioned optical tweezing as a method .... Magneto optical trap . In the late 1980s, Arthur Ashkin and Joseph M. Dziedzic demonstrated the first ... mosaic virus and Escherichia coli bacterium. ref cite journal author Ashkin A, Dziedzic JM title Optical ... like Carlos Bustamante , James Spudich , and Steven Block pioneered the use of optical trap ... in biology, and are responsible for locomotion and mechanical action within the cell. Optical ... at the single molecule level optical trap force spectroscopy has since led to greater understanding of the stochastic nature of these force generating molecules. Optical tweezers have proven useful in other areas of biology as well. For instance, in 2003 the techniques of optical tweezers were applied in the field of cell sorting by creating a large optical intensity pattern over the sample area, cells can be sorted by their intrinsic optical characteristics. ref name MacDonald03 cite journal author MacDonald MP, Spalding GC, Dholakia K title Microfluidic sorting in an optical lattice journal ... more details
Lead too short date May 2010 File Microsoft wireless mouse.jpg thumb 300px A wireless optical mouse An optical ... ball and two chopper wheels for motion detection. Early optical mice File Xerox Optical Mouse Chip.jpg thumb left Xerox optical mouse chip Early optical mice, first demonstrated by two independent inventors ... 6649 date May 10, 1982 url http books.google.com books?id bDAEAAAAMBAJ&pg PA11&dq optical mouse kirsch lyon&lr &num 20&as brr 3&ei TLI2S4 TG4rSkwTjy5DMAQ&cd 1 v onepage&q optical mouse 20kirsch 20lyon ... 21, 1983 url http books.google.com books?id S8EAAAAMBAJ&pg PA28&dq optical mouse led color&lr &num 20&as brr 3&ei bK42S8jnO5qIlQSZuLy5AQ&cd 15 v onepage&q optical mouse 20led 20color&f false ref ref cite ... book chapter The Optical Mouse, and an Architectural Methodology for Smart Digital Sensors title VLSI Systems and Computations url http books.google.com books?id t15TAAAAMAAJ&q optical mouse lyon&dq optical mouse lyon&lr &as brr 0&as pt ALLTYPES&ei AKf7Sc3PLJDmkASaxq3LBA&pgis 1 editor H. T. Kung ... thumb left The optical sensor from a Microsoft Wireless IntelliMouse Explorer v. 1.0A Modern optical mice File Avago ADNS 5030 optical mouse sensor disassembled.jpg thumb Optical mouse sensor disassembled Modern surface independent optical mice work by using an optoelectronic sensor essentially, a tiny ... successful optical computer mouse was the Microsoft IntelliMouse , introduced in 2001 using technology ... optical computer mouse is known as digital image correlation , a technology pioneered by the defense industry for tracking military targets. Optical mice use image sensors to image naturally occurring ... to determine how far the mouse has moved. To understand how optical mice work, imagine two photographs ... of an optical computer mouse the distance it has moved. Optical mice capture one thousand successive ... from the previous one by a fraction of a pixel or as many as several pixels. Optical mice mathematically ... is offset from the previous one. An optical mouse might use an image sensor having an 18 x 18 pixel ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 The path that light takes in traversing an optical system is often called the optical path . The physical length of an optical device can be reduced to less than the length of the optical path by using folded optics . The optical path length as defined in optics is the length of the path multiplied by the index of refraction of the medium. See also Optical path length DEFAULTSORT Optical path Category Optics Optics stub de Strahlengang it Cammino ottico sv Str lg ng ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Optical physics , or optical science , is a subfield of atomic, molecular, and optical physics . It is the study of the generation of electromagnetic radiation , the properties of that radiation, and the interaction of that radiation with matter , especially its manipulation and control. It differs from general optics and optical engineering in that it is focused on the discovery and application of new phenomena. There is no strong distinction, however, between optical physics, applied optics, and optical engineering, since the devices of optical engineering and the applications of applied optics are necessary for basic research in optical physics, and that research leads to the development of new devices and applications. Often the same people are involved in both the basic research and the applied technology development. Researchers in optical physics use and develop light sources that span the electromagnetic spectrum from microwave s to X ray s. The field includes the generation and detection of light, linear and nonlinear optics nonlinear optical processes, and spectroscopy . Laser s and laser spectroscopy have transformed optical science. Major study in optical physics is also devoted to quantum optics and Coherence physics coherence , and to femtosecond optics. In optical physics, support is also provided in areas such as the nonlinear response of isolated atoms to intense, ultra short electromagnetic fields, the atom cavity interaction at high ... include the development of novel optical techniques for nano optical measurements, diffractive optics , low coherence interferometry , optical coherence tomography , and near field microscopy . Research in optical physics places an emphasis on ultrafast optical science and technology. The applications of optical physics create advancements in telecommunication communications , medicine , manufacturing ... Optical Physics Category Atomic, molecular, and optical physics Category Optics bn ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Optical storage is a term from engineering referring to the storage of data on an optically readable medium. Data is recorded by making marks in a pattern that can be read back with the aid of light , usually a beam of laser light precisely focused on a spinning disc. An older example, that does not require the use of computers, is microform . There are other means of optically storing data and new methods are in development. Optical storage differs from other computer data storage data storage techniques that make use of other technologies such as magnetism or semiconductor s. Optical storage can range from a single drive reading a single CD ROM to multiple drives reading multiple discs such as an optical jukebox . Single compact discs can hold around 700MB megabyte s and optical jukebox es can hold much more ref Compact Disc http en.wikipedia.org wiki Compact Disc ref . The term optical drive usually refers to a device in a computer that can read CD ROM s or other optical disc s. See also Data storage device the broader topic of all devices that store data. Optical Media board disc modern optical discs such as CD ROM s and related formats. Optical Jukebox Optical disc drive Optical tape more capacity than magnetic tape but not as cost effective Magneto optical drive combines Optical and Magnetic technologies to store data. Laser turntable a device that optically reads mechanical data storage media. HDSS Holographic Data Storage Systems potential new optical storage technology. 3D optical data storage potential new optical storage technology. Optical Storage Technology Association industry trade association References Reflist Optical storage media DEFAULTSORT Optical Storage Category Storage media compu storage stub ar es Almacenamiento ptico fr Lecteur de disque optique ro Dispozitive optice de stocare fi Optinen asema vi a quang zh ... more details
Optical networking can refer to Optical communication Fiber optic communication Synchronous optical networking Optical Transport Network OTN Passive optical network disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2009 Optical microspheres photonic atoms are high quality factor optical resonator s used for active and passive photonic applications such as microlaser cavities and filters. physics stub Category Optics ... more details
unreferenced date September 2009 Image optical train.jpg thumb 250px right An optical train showing the arrangement and angle of lenses and mirrors to guide the laser. Optical train also called optical assembly is the arrangement of lens optics lenses to guide Line of sight propagation line of sight and lasers. The position and angle of lenses are adjusted to guide a laser through the path required. optics stub Category fiber optics ... more details
For the optic axis of a crystal Optic axis of a crystal Image Optical axis en.png thumb 300px Optical axis coincides with red ray and rays symmetrical to optical axis pair of blue and pair of green rays propagating through different lenses. An optical axis is a line along which there is some degree of rotational symmetry in an optics optical system such as a camera lens or microscope . The optical axis is an imaginary line that defines the path along which light propagates through the system. For a system composed of simple lens optics lenses and mirror s, the axis passes through the center of curvature of each surface, and coincides with the axis of rotational symmetry . The optical axis is often coincident with the system s mechanical axis, but not always, as in the case of off axis optical system s. For an optical fiber , the optical axis is along the center of the fiber core , and is also known as the fiber axis . See also Ray optics Cardinal point optics Boresight References FS1037C DODDIC Category Geometrical optics de Optische Achse Optik et Optiline telg eo Optika akso ko id Sumbu optis nl Optische as optica ja pl O optyczna ru sk Optick os sl Opti na os tr Optik eksen uk zh ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 For a mirror holder Mirror mount Orphan date November 2006 An optical mount is a device used to join a normal camera and another optical instrument, such as a microscope or telescope . The optical mount is generally attached to the camera as a camera lens lens would on one end, and fastened to the other instrument in a similar fashion. Optical mounts are used extensively in science scientific imaging applications in biology and astronomy . DEFAULTSORT Optical Mount Category Photography equipment Category Microscopy Category Astronomical instruments Photography stub ... more details
Image OpticalFlats157 03.jpg thumb Optical flats in case. About 1 inch 2.5 cm in diameter Image Optical flat interference fringes.jpg thumb Testing flatness of surfaces with optical flats. The lefthand surface is flat, the righthand surface is uneven. Optical flats are optical grade pieces of glass lapping lapped and polishing polished to be extremely flat on one or both sides, usually within a few millionths of an inch about 25 nanometres . They are used with a monochromatic light to determine the flatness of other optical surfaces by Interference wave propagation interference . ref cite book last English first R. E. editor first Albert G. editor last Ingalls editorlink Albert Graham Ingalls title Amateur Telescope Making Amateur Telescope Making, Book Three publisher Scientific American date 1953 pages 156 162 chapter Optical Flats isbn ref When an optical flat is placed on another surface, interference fringe s Newton s rings are seen due to interference in the tiny gap between the two surfaces. The spacing between the fringes is smaller where the gap is changing more rapidly, indicating a departure from flatness in one of the two surfaces, in a similar way to the contour lines on a map. A flat surface is indicated by a pattern of straight, parallel fringes with equal spacing, while other patterns indicate uneven surfaces. Two adjacent fringes indicate a difference in elevation of one half wavelength of the light used, so by counting the fringes differences in elevation of the surface can be measured to millionths of an inch. Usually only one of the two surfaces is made optically .... Optical flats are sometimes given an optical coating and used as precision mirror s for special purposes, such as in a Fabry P rot interferometer or laser cavity . Optical flats have uses in spectrophotometry as well. Image Optical flats in use.jpg thumb left Optical flats being used to calibrate metal parts. See also Optical contact bonding References reflist optics stub Category Optical ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 File Optical Circulator symbol.jpg thumb Optical Circulator symbol An optical circulator is a special optical fiber fiber optic component that can be used to separate optical powers that travel in opposite directions in an optical fiber , analogous to the operation of an electronic circulator . An optical circulator is a three port device designed such that light entering any port exits from the next. This means that if light enters port 1 it is emitted from port 2, but if some of the emitted light is reflected back to the circulator, it does not come out of port 1, but instead exits from port 3. Circulators can be used to achieve bi directional transmission over a single fiber. Because of its high optical isolator isolation of the input and reflected optical powers and its low insertion loss , optical circulators are widely used in advanced fiber optic communications communication systems and fiber optic sensor applications. Optical circulators are non reciprocal optics, which means that changes in the properties of light passing through the device are not reversed when the light passes through in the opposite direction. This can only happen when the symmetry of the system is broken, for example by an external magnetic field . A Faraday rotator is another example of a non reciprocal optical device. See also Optical isolator http patft.uspto.gov netacgi nph Parser?Sect1 PTO2&Sect2 HITOFF&p 1&u 2Fnetahtml 2FPTO 2Fsearch adv.htm&r 1&f G&l 50&d PTXT&S1 5909310.PN.&OS pn 5909310&RS PN 5909310 US Patent 005909310 DEFAULTSORT Optical Circulator Category Optical devices Optics stub ... more details
Image Optical Interleaver.gif thumb 400px right Illustration of the function of an optical interleaver and de interleaver An optical interleaver is a 3 port passive fiber optics fiber optic device that is used to combine two sets of dense wavelength division multiplexing DWDM channels odd and even channels into a composite signal stream in an interleaving way. For example, optical interleaver takes two multiplexed signals with 100 GHz spacing and interleaves them, creating a denser DWDM signal with channels spaced 50 GHz apart. The process can be repeated, creating even denser composite signals with 25 GHz or 12.5 GHz spacing. The device can be used in a reverse direction, forming an optical deinterleaver that separates a denser DWDM signal into odd channels and even channels. See schematic diagram. For example, in most DWDM equipment, the standard channel spacing is 100 GHz. But spacing the signal carrying frequencies every 50 or even 25 GHz can double or even quadruple the number of channels per fiber. Thus, optical interleaver can expand the number of channels per fiber, and devices and or networks can be upgraded without requiring that all devices be upgraded. Optical interleaver is based on multiple beam interference . Currently, there are two approaches to building optical interleaver 1 Step phase Michelson interferometer , and 2 birefringence Birefringent crystal networks. The former is based on Michelson interferometer combined with Gires Tournois interferometer . Image Interleaver Spectrum.jpg frame 622px center Transmission spectra of 50 100 GHz optical interleaver at three temperatures See also Optical add drop multiplexer http www.optoplex.com Optical Interleaver.htm Optical Interleaver for fiber optic communications Category Fiber optic communications Interleaver, optical Category Optical devices Interleaver, optical Category Photonics ... more details
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