Refimprove date August 2008 Opticallensdesign refers to the calculation of lens optics lens construction ... to the extent possible. Lens optimization Opticaldesign is partly a science because ray paths ... OpticalDesign, Appl. Opt. 2, 1209 1226 1963 . ref Wynne, ref C. G. Wynne and P. Wormell, LensDesign ... design software http www.occuvu.com.au opticalCalculations.php OpticalLens Calculator Glass science ... shielding . Design constraints can include realistic lens element center and edge thicknesses ... costs and delivery schedules are also a major part of opticaldesign. The price of an optical ... on a spectrometer , typically at five or more wavelengths . Lensdesign programs have curve .... A re optimization, or melt re comp , can then be performed on the lensdesign using measured index ... path through the lens. Glass and coating optical properties can be measured and modeled with sufficient ... design. Opticaldesign is also partly an art, though, as the multi dimensional design space within which a constrained lensdesign is free to roam is literally beyond human imagination if more ... obtained from published data, patents and textbooks. Skill and intuition in lensdesign are acquired over years of experience spanning hundreds to thousands of different lensdesign projects, preferably .... As an example of the complexity of lensdesign space, a simple two element air spaced lens has nine ... design volume, having over a hundred dimensions. Lens optimization techniques that can navigate this multi ..., lensdesign was an agonizingly slow hand calculation process requiring high precision trigonometric ... Ray transfer matrix analysis Photographic lensdesign Stray light References reflist Smith, Warren J., Modern LensDesign , McGraw Hill, Inc., 1992, ISBN 0 07 059178 4 Kingslake, Rudolph, LensDesign Fundamentals , Academic Press, 1978 Shannon, Robert R., The Art and Science of OpticalDesign ... type and optionally tilt and decenter. Design requirements Performance requirements can include ... more details
For general lensdesignLensdesign Portal Photography The design of photographic lens es or photographic lensdesign for use in still or cine camera s is intended to produce a lens that yields the most ... Lens flare flare , opticalOptical aberration aberrations and weight are all reduced to the minimum ... lenses. The design of a Fixed focus fixed focal length lens also known as prime lens es presents fewer challenges than the design of a zoom lens. A high quality prime lens whose focal length is about ... spectrum of indices is a major design constraint. History Image Lens Petval 1841.jpg thumb right ... glass in a photographic lens was by Voigtl nder , but as the lens was an old design its performance ... lens of symmetrical design with five elements, but went no further. Zeiss innovative photographic lensdesign was due to Dr Paul Rudolph physicist Paul Rudolph . In 1890, Rudolph designed an asymmetrical ... a sharp image, free from flare and other optical imperfections. To do this requires lens elements ... lens. The problem posed by the design of wide angle lenses is to bring an accurate focus ... being comparable to the design of a prime lens. However, as the focal length increases the length ... significant design issues in retaining utility and practicality for the lens in use. In addition because ... increases in importance. Telephoto lens an optically compressed version of the long focus lens. The design ... flare and exacerbate some optical aberrations. Zoom lens es variable focal length lenses. Zoom ... on the film plane. This is achieved by the use of a specialised lensdesign which compresses ... aspheric lens aspheric elements in their design. Lens glass The majority of photographic lenses ... for other types of optical instruments such as microscopes but in such cases the diameter of the lens ... of any movable lens element. Typically the diaphragm is situated at about the level of the optical ... the shutter mechanism within the lens barrel limited the design of wide angle lenses and it was not until ... more details
wiktionarypar lensLens or Lense may refer to TOC right Optics Lens optics , an optical element which converges or diverges light Lens anatomy , a part of the eye Corrective lens for correction of human vision Contact lens , placed on the cornea of the eye Photographic lens , a lens designed for use on a camera Focusing of other radiation and forces Gravitational lens , a massive astronomical object which causes visual distortions Electrostatic lens , a device used to focus or collimate electron beams Explosive lens , a shaped explosive charge with focused blast Microwave lens , used to focus microwave radiation in slotted waveguide antennas Lentil shaped things Lens genus , the genus of the lentil plant Lens geometry , a geometric shape formed from two arcs Lens geology , a body of ore or rock that is thick in the middle and thin at the edges Lens hydrology , a layer of fresh water derived from rainfall, overlying saline groundwater Kamera lens biology , a unicellular, flagellate organism and the only species of the genus Kamera. Places Arrondissement of Lens , in the d partement of Pas de Calais, France Lens, Pas de Calais , a commune in that arrondissement RC Lens , its football soccer club Lens, Belgium Lens, Valais , Switzerland People Louis Lens , Flemish rose breeder Nicholas Lens , Belgian composer Josef Lense , physicist Jeremain Lens , Dutch Surinam footballer Other uses Laser engineered net shaping , a rapid prototyping technology capable of building fully dense metal parts Perspective cognitive Lens, a fictional alien device in E. E. Smith s Lensman series disambig surname an Lens de Lens es Lens eo Lens fr Lens it Lens nl Lens pms Lens pt Lens sco Lens simple Lens disambiguation sk Lens sv Lens tr Lens vo Lens ... more details
Infobox single See Wikipedia WikiProject Songs Name Into the Lens Cover Into the Lens.jpg Artist Yes band Yes Album Drama Yes album Drama B side Does It Really Happen? Released 1980 Format 7 Recorded Genre Progressive rock Length 3 47 Label Atlantic Records Atlantic Writer Geoff Downes , Trevor Horn , Steve Howe guitarist Steve Howe , Chris Squire , Alan White Yes drummer Alan White Producer Yes and Eddie Offord Chronology Last single Don t Kill The Whale br 1978 This single Into the Lens br 1980 Next single Owner of a Lonely Heart br 1983 Infobox single Name I Am a Camera Type Single Artist The Buggles from Album Adventures in Modern Recording Cover I Am A Camera Single Cover.jpg B side Fade Away Released October 1981 Format 7 , 12 Genre Synthpop Length 4 32 Label Carrere Records Carrere Writer Geoff Downes , Trevor Horn Producer Trevor Horn Last single Elstree song Elstree br 1980 This single I Am a Camera br 1981 Next single Adventures in Modern Recording song Adventures in Modern Recording br 1982 Into the Lens is a song originally written by Trevor Horn and Geoff Downes of The Buggles . It was first released as Into the Lens on the Yes band Yes album Drama Yes album Drama in 1980, and the year after on Adventures in Modern Recording , the second and last album of The Buggles. Both versions were also released as singles Into the Lens I Am a Camera by Yes in 1980 and I Am a Camera in October 1981 by The Buggles on Carrere Records . ref name AIMR Overview The first version of the song ... Howe guitarist Steve Howe , Chris Squire and Alan White Yes drummer Alan White , and therefore, Into the Lens ... I Am a Camera was a Buggles track and we had adapted it into a Yes track. It became Into the Lens and, naturally, slightly more overblown. I don t mind Into the Lens the melody s unadulterated while ... different lyrics, notably I will never let you go, and you always let the feelings show Into the Lens ... edit of Yes own Into the Lens was entitled Into the Lens I Am a Camera . The line I am a camera is a quote ... more details
For the 1970s music group Design UK band Refimprove date July 2008 File All Saints Chapel L.C. Tiffany.JPG ... . The building structure and decorations are both examples of design. File PH Lampan 1.jpg thumb 250px right Poul Henningsen s PH5 lamp, designed in 1958. File PL IIIcut.gif thumb 150px right Design .... Design as a noun informally refers to a plan drawing plan or convention for the construction of an object ... , circuit diagram s and Pattern sewing sewing patterns while to design verb refers to making this plan ... 64&y 13& Cambridge Dictionary of American English , at http dictionary.reference.com browse design Dictionary.com esp. meanings 1 5 and 7 8 and at http www.askoxford.com concise oed design?view uk AskOxford esp. verbs . ref No generally accepted definition of design exists, ref Ralph, P. and Wand, Y. 2009 . A proposal for a formal definition of the design concept. In Lyytinen, K., Loucopoulos, P., Mylopoulos, J., and Robinson, W., editors, Design Requirements Workshop LNBIP 14 , pp. 103 136. Springer Verlag. ref and the term has different connotations in different fields see Design Disciplines design disciplines below . However, one can also design by directly constructing an object as in pottery , engineering , management , cowboy coding and graphic design . More formally design has been ..., transitive to create a design, in an Environment systems environment where the designer operates ref Ralph, P. and Wand, Y. 2009 . A proposal for a formal definition of the design concept. In Lyytinen, K., Loucopoulos, P., Mylopoulos, J., and Robinson, W., editors, Design Requirements Workshop LNBIP 14 , pp. 103 136. Springer Verlag, p. 109. ref Another definition for design is a roadmap or a strategic ... . Design Manual Vol 1 ref Here, a specification can be manifested as either a plan or a finished product and primitives are the elements from which the design object is composed. With such a broad ... toward the subject see Philosophies and studies of design Philosophies and studies of design ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name The Design Type Studio Artist Into the Moat Cover Designcover.jpg Released March 8, 2005 Recorded October 2004 Genre Mathcore br Metalcore br Deathcore Length Label Metal Blade Records Producer Reviews Allmusic Rating 3 5 Allmusic class album id r730514 pure url yes link Last album Means By Which The End Is Justified EP Means By Which The End Is Justified br 2003 This album The Design br 2005 Next album The Campaign album The Campaign br March 19, 2009 The Design is the first full length album by mathcore metalcore band Into the Moat . It was released in 2005 on Metal Blade Records . Track listing Century II 1 54 Empty Shell 3 40 Dead Before I Stray 2 41 Guardian 3 01 The Inexorable 3 12 Fortitudine 2 49 Beyond Treachery 5 04 None Shall Pass 3 09 Prologue... 7 24 DEFAULTSORT Design, The Category 2005 albums 2000s metalcore album stub ... more details
Infobox Film name By Design director Claude Jutra writer Claude Jutra br Joe Wiesenfeld br David Eames starring Sara Botsford br Patty Duke Astin br Clare Coulter br Saul Rubinek released flagicon Canada 1982 By Design is a Canadian film directed by Claude Jutra and was released in 1982. It stars Sara Botsford and Patty Duke Astin . Synopsis Angie Sara Botsford , and Helen Patty Duke Astin , are in love and they live and work together they design women s clothes and run their own fashion business in Vancouver . Helen wants to be a mother. Angie loves Helen and if Helen can t feel fulfilled without a child she is willing for them to become parents. Criticism The film was favourably reviewed by the critic Pauline Kael in The New Yorker a buoyant, quirky sex comedy..the director takes a look around the whole modern supermarket of sex. By Design takes in the bars and beach houses, fast food restaurants and discos, and the sexual patterns of those who inhabit them..Jutra has a light understated approach to farce. His sensibility suggests a mingling of Jacques Tati Tati and Fran ois Truffaut Truffaut ..The scenes are quick and they re dippy, but with a pensive, melancholy underlay. ref Pauline Kael reprinted in Taking It All In p.421 424 ref Patty Duke Astin received a Genie Award nomination for best foreign actress. References reflist Category Canadian films Category 1982 films Category Canadian drama films Category Films set in British Columbia Category Films directed by Claude Jutra ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2007 A triplet lens is an optics optical device consisting of three single Lens optics lenses . The triplet design is the simplest to give the required number of Degrees of freedom physics and chemistry degrees of freedom to allow the lens designer to overcome all Seidel aberration s. The term is used in two ways. The three lenses may be cemented together, as in the Steinheil triplet . Or a triplet may be designed with three spaced glasses, e.g. the Cooke triplet . Category Lenses optics stub ... more details
the academy of motion pictures for the design of that 12 120 zoom lens. Since then advances in opticaldesign, particularly the use of computer s for optical ray tracing physics ray tracing , has made ... issue in zoom lensdesign is the correction of optical aberrations such as chromatic aberration ... s, telescope s, telescopic sight s, and other optical instrument s. A true zoom lens, also called a parfocal lens , is one that maintains focus when its focal length changes. A lens that loses focus during zooming is more properly called a varifocal lens . Applications Image Zoom effect.jpg thumb 300px A photograph taken with a zoom lens, in which the focal length was varied during the course of the exposure ... of a zoom lens can be used as a optical telescope telescope of variable magnification to make an adjustable ... and amateur photography. Design Image Zoomlens1.svg frame right A simple zoom lens system. The three ... number s. Modern opticaldesign techniques have enabled the construction of zoom lenses with good aberration ... length lens or a zoom lens with a lower ratio. Although modern design methods have been continually ... more flexibility in opticaldesign trade offs focal length range, maximum aperture, size, weight ... and Malacara, Zacarias 1994 , Handbook of LensDesign . Marcel Dekker, Inc. ISBN 0 8247 9225 4 ...Image Nikkor 28 200 zoom.jpg thumb Nikkor 28 200 mm zoom lens, extended to 200 mm at left and collapsed to 28 mm focal length at right A zoom lens is a mechanical assembly of lens optics lens elements ... FFL lens see prime lens . They are commonly used with still camera still , video camera video , motion .... For example, a zoom lens with focal lengths ranging from 100 mm to 400 mm may be described as a 4 ... imaging quality on par with prime lens es. Constant fast aperture zooms usually f 2.8 or f 2.0 are typically ... zoom ratios. Digital photography can also accommodate algorithms that compensate for optical flaws ... focus lens es, with focal lengths longer than a normal lens , some are wide angle lens es wider ... more details
the opticaldesign requires a gap or because thermal expansion differences between the two lenses ..., Basic optics and optical instruments, page AJ 4 ref References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Doublet Lens Category ... v onepage&q dialyte 20spaced 20doublet&f false Fred A. Carson, Basic optics and optical instruments ... design Scientific Instrument Manufacturers Association of Great Britain, British Scientific Instrument Research Association, page 184 ref A sub type of air spaced doublet is the Dialyte lens dialyte , a design where elements are widely spaced to save on the amount of glass used or where ... more details
lens automation. The optical components of these adaptors may reduce or increase the focal length of the combination ...Primary lens redirects here. See also prime lens . In photography , a secondary lens is a photographic lenslens designed to be used in conjunction with another lens, called the primary lens . A secondary lens may be designed to be used either in front of the primary lens, between it and the subject, or behind the primary lens, between it and the film. Secondary lenses are typically simpler in mechanical design than other photographic lenses. Normally but not always there is no provision for control of Focus optics focus or aperture , as these are achieved by the controls on the primary lens. Lenses used in front of the primary lens Examples of secondary lenses designed to be used in front of the primary lens are Fisheye lens Fisheye adaptors Corrected wide angle lens wide angle adaptors Telephoto adaptors such as teleside converter s Close up lens es All of these typically mount on the filter ring of the primary lens. Front mounting secondary lenses are commonly used to provide wide angle and telephoto lenses for cameras which lack the facility to change the primary lens, such as consumer ... the primary lens Teleconverters main teleconverter The most common secondary lens used behind the primary lens is the teleconverter . A typical teleconverter has a male and a female lens mount of the same type, to allow it to be used between a primary lens and a camera body of the matching system. The resulting combination has a greater focal length than the primary lens alone, and the same absolute ..., and when used in this combination deliver quality comparable to the primary lens. Others are general purpose, and in use typically offer less image quality then a primary lens of the same quality ... adaptor, as the angle of view of the primary lens is matched to the film format for which is designed ... to use the primary lens for wider angles than those for which it is designed is therefore likely to cause ... more details
Modern LensDesign Category Photographic lenses optics stub ...Image Plasmat.png thumb right 250px Plasmat lens. The Plasmat lens is a widely used and long established photographic lenslens type, especially common in large format photography. It provides high correction of optical aberrations aberrations with a moderate maximum aperture e.g. f 5.6 link yes . It is a specific instance of the Dagor type Double Meniscus anastigmat. Double meniscus anastigmats use widely separated positive and negative surfaces, generally thick meniscus lenses, to achieve a flat field. The most basic form is two sharply curved meniscus elements located symmetrically about a stop. Further refinement of the form replaces the two simple meniscus lenses with achromats for chromatic correction. The Dagor type further refines these achromats into triplets with the following design parameters a high index, doubly convex DCX lens cemented to a medium index, doubly concave DCV lens cemented to a low index meniscus lens. Up to this point, all refinements have maintained symmetry ... in each group is a Lens optics Types of simple lenses positive meniscus , the outermost is Lens optics Types of simple lenses biconvex , and there is a Lens optics Types of simple lenses biconcave element between them. The Plasmat lens is made in many variants, e.g. departing from exact symmetry, adding a lens to one or both groups, or separating the innermost or outermost element from the rest ... macro lens es. Convertible lenses for large format photography often consist of Plasmat cells. See also Large format lens Paul Rudolph physicist References http books.google.co.jp books?id OJrJrEJ r9QC&dq 22a history of the photographic lens 22 rudolf kingslake&pg PP1&ots YY kaKy5aA&sig WOBds DaDP9DscZNJcU4Jke8KYc&hl ja&prev http www.google.co.jp search?q 22A History of the Photographic Lens ... title&cad one book with thumbnail PPA95,M1 A History of the Photographic Lens Rudolf Kingslake p ... more details
Optical engineering is the field of study that focuses on applications of optics . Optical engineers design components of optical instrument s such as lens optics lenses , microscope s, telescope s, and other equipment that utilizes the properties of light . Other devices include optical sensors and measurement systems, laser s, fiber optic communication systems, optical disc systems e.g. CD , DVD , etc. Because optical engineers want to design and build devices that make light do something useful, they must understand and apply the science of optics in substantial detail, in order to know what is physically possible to achieve physics and chemistry . However, they also must know what is practical in terms of available technology, materials, costs, design methods, etc. As with other fields of engineering, computer s are important to many perhaps most optical engineers. They are used with instruments, for simulation, in design, and for many other applications. Engineers often use general computer tools such as spreadsheet s and programming language s, and they make frequent use of specialized optical software designed specifically for their field. Optical engineering metrology uses optical methods to measure micro vibrations with instruments like the laser speckle interferometer or to measure the properties of the various masses with instruments measuring refraction . See also Opticallensdesign Optician Optical physics SPIE Code V Zemax HEXAGON optical software References references Further reading Driggers, Ronald G. ed. 2003 . Encyclopedia of Optical Engineering. New York Marcel Dekker. 3 vols. ISBN 978 0824709402 Bruce H. Walker, Historical Review,SPIE Press, Bellingham, WA. ISBN 9780819478771. http link.aip.org link doi 10.1117 3.818136.ch2 FTS Yu & Xiangyang Yang 1997 Introduction to Optical Engineering , Cambridge University Press , ISBN 0251574935 . Technology footer Engineering stub Category Optics Category Engineering disciplines ar de Feinoptiker ... more details
types of dialyte camera lenses. One type is a symmetrical design consisting of four air spaced lens optics lenses the outer pair are lens optics Types of simple lenses biconvex and the inner pair are lens ... optical aberration aberrations . The Aviar type of lens Cooke Optics Taylor Hobson is similar ... lens Celor design. See also List of telescope types Reference reflist DEFAULTSORT Dialyte Lens ...A dialyte lens sometimes called a dialyt ref http books.google.com books?id kH1UAAAAMAAJ&q 22dialyt lens 22&dq 22dialyt lens 22&hl en&ei 3L8S9K0H4X7lwenoo3gDw&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 1&ved 0CC4Q6AEwAA The optics encyclopedia, Volume 4 edited by Thomas Gordon Brown ref is a compound lens optics lensdesign that corrects optical aberration s where the lens elements are widely air spaced. ref http books.google.com books?id acrmuZpdSFEC&pg RA9 PA27&lpg RA9 PA27&dq dialyte lens telescope&source bl&ots naz1cdaOUp&sig WbqQTOfizcSIymMyyGeetqX9NA&hl en&ei ZWr8S6KvD4WBlAfavb3PDw&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 9&ved 0CDkQ6AEwCA v onepage&q dialyte&f false Michael Bass, Casimer Decusatis, Vasudevan Lakshminarayanan, Handbook of Optics, Third Edition Volume I Geometrical and Physical Optics, page 25 ref The design is used to save on the amount of glass used for specific elements or where elements can not be cemented because they have dissimilar curvatures. ref Fred A. Carson, Basic optics and optical instruments, page AJ 4 ref The word dialyte means parted , loose or separated . ref http books.google.com books?id p282ijnF3C0C&pg PA55&lpg PA55&dq dialyte lens telescope&source bl&ots ukPf6xKIDW&sig WWZdN FqeR4OElFXFhDdUH6z7Iw&hl en&ei zWz8S5r9OYH7lwff05TfDw&sa X&oi book result&ct ... elements of a lens dates back to W. F. Hamilton s 1814 catadioptric Hamiltonian telescope and Alexander ... stream to make an achromatic lens , since flint glass at that time was very expensive. ref http books.google.com books?id p282ijnF3C0C&pg PA55&lpg PA55&dq dialyte lens telescope&source bl&ots ukPf6xKIDW ... more details
List of lens designs Microscope Microlens Numerical aperture Optical coating s OpticallensdesignOptical ...Other uses Lens disambiguation Lens No, this dablink is not superfluous. Some of the listed other uses of lens are ambiguous with lens optics . File BiconvexLens.jpg thumb right 250px A lens. File Lens and wavefronts.gif right frame Lenses can be used to focus light. A lens is an optics optical device ... that must be fulfilled by a lens or other optical system in order for it to produce sharp images of off axis as well as on axis objects. It revolutionized the design of optical instruments ... Lenses are classified by the curvature of the two optical surfaces. A lens is biconvex or double ... than at the periphery. An ideal thin lens with two surfaces of equal curvature would have zero optical ... length, 1 f , is the optical power of the lens. If the focal length is in metres, this gives ... of the lens, such as the Aberration in optical systems aberrations are not necessarily the same in both ... of lenses that are not thin, or for more complicated multi lensoptical systems, the same ... which causes the image to be an imperfect replica of the object. Careful design of the lens ... image. Coma occurs when an object off the optical axis of the lens is imaged, where rays ... was an important step in the development of the optical microscope. An apochromat is a lens ... under the design conditions. Compound lenses See also Photographic lens Doublet lens Achromat ... a convex lens DEFAULTSORT Lens Optics Category Lenses Category Optical devices Category Geometrical ... , converging or diverging the light beam beam . Citation needed date September 2010 A simple lens consists of a single optical element. A compound lens is an array of simple lenses elements with a common axis the use of multiple elements allows more optical aberration s to be corrected than is possible ... lenses for instance, a microwave lens can be made from paraffin wax . The variant spelling lense ... more details
A parfocal lens is a lens optics lens that stays in Focus optics focus when magnification focal length is changed. There is inevitably some amount of focus error, but small enough to be considered insignificant. Microscopy Parfocal Objective optics microscope objectives stay in focus when magnification is changed i.e., if the microscope is switched from a higher power objective e.g., 40 to a lower power objective e.g., 10 , the object stays in focus. Photography Zoom lens es sometimes referred to as true zoom are ideally parfocal in that focus is maintained as the lens is zoomed focal length and magnification changed , which not only is convenient, but also has the advantage of allowing more accurate focusing at maximum focal length and then zooming back to a shorter focal length to compose the image. ref cite web url http www.rogercavanagh.com helpinfo 30 parfocal.stm title Parfrocal Lenses accessdate 2007 11 18 last Cavanagh first Roger date 2003 05 29 archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20071007070643 http www.rogercavanagh.com helpinfo 30 parfocal.stm Bot retrieved archive archivedate 2007 10 07 ref Many zoom lenses, particularly in the case of fixed lens cameras, are actually varifocal lens es , which gives lens designers more flexibility in opticaldesign trade offs focal length range, maximum aperture, size, weight, cost than parfocal zoom, and which is practical because of auto focus, and because the camera processor can automatically adjust the lens to keep it in focus while changing focal length zooming making operation practically indistinguishable from a parfocal zoom. Telescopes Parfocal Eyepiece telescope eyepieces stay in focus when magnification is changed i.e., if the telescope is switched from a lower power eyepiece e.g., 10 to a higher power eyepiece e.g., 20 , or vice versa, the object stays in focus. References reflist cite web url http www.tokina usa.com glossary.html title Lens Glossary accessdate 2007 11 18 work Tokina Industrial, Inc. External ... more details
The Gauss lens consists of two lens optics lenses in its most basic form, a positive Lens optics Types of simple lenses meniscus lens on the object side and a negative meniscus lens on the image side. The Optical power power of the positive element predominates, but the negative element corrects for chromatic aberration . See also Double Gauss lens Category Lenses optics stub ... more details
of the eye. Atoric lens With modern computer controlled design, grinding and polishing techniques ... from the toric shape. This is called an atoric lens literally, non toric lens . ref http www.laramyk.com wp content uploads 2010 05 Principles of Atoric Lens Design.pdf Meister, D. Principles of Atoric LensDesign , in Lens Talk , Vol. 27, No. 3 Jan. 1998 ref ref http www.oculist.net downaton502 prof ...File Toric lens surface 2.png thumb right 200px Toric lens surface as cap top right from a torus here with R 1.2 r . A toric lens is a lens optics lens with two different optical power powers in two orientations perpendicular to each other. One of the lens surfaces is shaped like a cap from a torus see figure at right , while the other one usually is Sphere spherical . Toric lenses are primarily used in Glasses eyeglass es, contact lens es and intraocular lens es, to correct for Astigmatism eye astigmatism . Torus File Superficie t rica.svg thumb right A torus results when a circle ... into a sphere with radius r . The toric lens The greatest radius of curvature of the toric lens surface, nowrap R r , corresponds to the smallest Optical power refractive power , nowrap 1 S n 1 R r , where n is the index of refraction of the lens material. The smallest radius of curvature, r , corresponds to the greatest refractive power, nowrap 1 s n 1 r . Since nowrap 1 R r r , nowrap S s . The lens behaves approximately like a combination of a spherical lens with optical power s and a cylindrical lens with power nowrap s S . In ophthalmology and optometry nowrap s S is called the cylinder power of the lens. ref This is used for correcting astigmatism. In this context, the term cylinder ... assumption, the toric lens is not an Spheroid ellipsoid of revolution . Working Ray optics ... lenses in the same way that aspheric lens es are related to spherical lenses. References references Category Geometrical optics Category Corrective lenses de Torische Linse nl Torische lens ... more details
. They are characterised by a gradient of increasing optical power lens power , added to the wearer ... 10 916 22 ref Aves patent included the progressive lensdesign and the manufacturing process. However ... surfaces. The Varilux lens was the first PAL of modern design. It was developed by Bernard Maitenaz ... greater design control Extensive wearer trials Improved manufacturing and lens metrologic technology Today the complex surfaces of a progressive lens can be cut and polished on computer controlled ... including depending on the design of the lens narrow fields of view, clear vision in one ... a progressive lensdesign, an eyecare practitioner will usually ask some lifestyle questions, which ...File 20100105 MultifocalGlass.jpg thumb right View through a progressive lens at some distance. In nor ... lenses , graduated prescription lenses , and varifocal or multifocal lenses , are corrective lens es ... prescription, at the top of the lens optics lens and reaches a maximum addition power, or the full reading addition, at the bottom of the lens. The length of the progressive power gradient on the lens surface depends on the refractive index of the lens, with a final addition power between 0.75 to 3.50 ... axes in order to create a power progression. This design was never commercialized. While there were several intermediate steps H. Newbold appears to have designed a similar lens to Aves around ... lens, or to offer enlarged near and intermediate view areas. Since the 1980s, manufacturers have ... Wearers can adjust the additional lens power required for clear vision at different viewing distances by tilting their head to sight through the appropriate part of the vertical progression The lens ... age , proponents have suggested the lack of segments on the lens surface of a progressive lens ... on linearization and represents the lens surface using special spline functions. The lens power progressively increases between the high power and low power region of the lens. This specialized lens ... more details
reduce other Aberration in optical systems optical aberrations compared to a simple lens . A single aspheric lens can often replace a much more complex multi lens system. The resulting device is smaller and lighter, and possibly cheaper than the multi lensdesign. Aspheric elements are used in the design of multi element wide angle lens wide angle and fast normal lens es to reduce aberrations. They are also .... ref name opticampus Cite web url http www.opticampus.com cecourse.php?url lensdesign &OPTICAMP f1e4252df70c63961503c46d0c8d8b60 asphericity title Ophthalmic LensDesign first Darryl last Meister ... best form lenses, but rather allow a thinner, flatter lens to be made without compromising the optical ... is by depositing optical resin onto a spherical lens to form a composite lens of aspherical shape ... focal lens es to increase the optical power over part of the lens, aiding in near pointed tasks such as reading ... for myopes do not necessarily need progressive add portions, because the design of the lens curvature ... frame. Bi concave lensdesign is different from the usual best form curvatures ordered in low power ... The optical quality of a lens system can be tested in an optics or physics laboratory using bench ...Image Pfeilh he.svg thumb right upright An aspheric biconvex lens. An aspheric lens or asphere is a lens optics lens whose surface profiles are not portions of a sphere or Cylinder geometry cylinder . In photography , a lens assembly that includes an aspheric element is often called an aspherical lens ... lenses are also sometimes used for eyeglasses . These are typically designed to give a thinner lens ... aspheric lens Small glass or plastic aspheric lenses can be made by molding, which allows cheap ... diode collimation, and for coupling light into and out of optical fiber s. Larger aspheres are made by Fabrication and testing of optical components grinding and polishing . Lenses produced by these techniques ... Kordonski, William journal Optics and Photonics News publisher Optical Society of America volume ... more details
and volume of material that would be required by a lens of conventional design. Compared to conventional bulky lenses, the Fresnel lens is much thinner, larger, and flatter, and captures more oblique ... on the edges and a nearly flat convex center. Fresnel lensdesign allows a substantial reduction in thickness ... based on their focal length. The order of a Fresnel lens is approximately the dioptre or optical ...Image Lentille de fresnel.jpg thumb upright Lighthouse Fresnel lens, on display at the Mus e national de la Marine A Fresnel lens IPAc en icon f r e n l respell fray NEL is a type of lens optics lens originally developed by France French physics physicist Augustin Jean Fresnel for lighthouse s. The design ... Spherical fresnel lens This fresnel lens is equivalent to a normal spherical lens . Cylindrical fresnel lens This fresnel lens is equivalent to a normal cylindrical lens . Linear fresnel lens Linear fresnel reflector Expand section date September 2011 Spot fresnel lens Expand section date September 2011 History The idea of creating a thinner, lighter lens by making it with separate sections mounted ... eb article 9035385 Fresnel lens. Encyclop dia Britannica . 2005. Encyclop dia Britannica Online. 11 November 2005. ref The marquis de Condorcet 1743 1794 proposed grinding such a lens from a single ... books?id ti9VAAAAMAAJ&pg PA609&dq fresnel lens burning buffon condorcet&lr &as brr 3 ... part lens for use in lighthouses. According to Smithsonian magazine Smithsonian magazine, the first Fresnel lens was used in 1823 in the Cordouan lighthouse at the mouth of the Gironde estuary ... 2088 servlet BioRC Science Makes a Better Lighthouse Lens. Smithsonian . August 1999 v30 i5 p30 ... 200 footer image1 Fresnel lighthouse lens diagram.png alt1 How a Fresnel lens focuses light caption1 How a Fresnel lens focuses light image2 Fresnel lens.svg alt2 1 Cross section of a Fresnel len, 2 Cross section of a conventional lens caption2 1 Cross section of a Fresnel lens br 2 Cross section of a conventional ... more details
. Lensoptical profile Image Lens2.png thumb right 300px Common lensoptical profiles Although corrective ..., Kryptok, Orthogon, Tillyer Executive, Ultex A. The optical center of the bifocal may be placed on the lens ... some distance away from the optical centre of the lens off axis . Optical quality Abbe number Image ... lens material, the one that most closely relates to its optical performance is its Dispersion ... prescriptions that move their eyes and look off axis of optical center of the lens. Note that some ... aberration is independent of the lens being of spherical, aspheric, or atoric design. The eye ... lens as it shifts its gaze, some of which can be as much as several centimeters off of the optical ... prescriptions, or who often look off the lens s optical center, or who prefer larger corrective ... as the pupil moves vertically below the optical center of the lens e.g., reading or looking at the ground ... to have the best optical characteristics at the expense of corrective lens thickness i.e., cosmetics ... between the pupil and the optical center of the lens. Power error D corrections for myopia Power error is the change in the optical power of a lens as the eye looks through various points on the area ... shifts its gaze from looking through the optical center of the corrective lens, the lens induced ... curve on the Tscherning ellipse . This design gives the best achievable optical quality and least ... surpass the optical quality of a spherical best form lens, but can reduce the error induced by using ... cecourse.php?url lensdesign &OPTICAMP f1e4252df70c63961503c46d0c8d8b60 asphericity title Ophthalmic LensDesign first Darryl last Meister work OptiCampus.com accessdate November 12, 2008 ... true with aspheric design lenses. The lens s minimum thickness can also be varied. The FDA ... for observers at some angles. clr Lens materials Optical crown glass http www.mellesgriot.com pdf ... for common lensoptical material are optical crown glass and CR 39. Higher quality optical grade glass ... more details
Refimprove date March 2010 File Lens flare scheme en.svg thumb right 400px Scheme of lens flare. Lens flare is the light scattered in lens optics lens systems through generally unwanted image formation ... in the lens. These mechanisms differ from the intended image formation mechanism that depends on refraction ... produces visible artifacts or shining into the lens but not in the image which produces a haze. Most commonly, this occurs when shooting into the sun when the sun is in frame or the lens is pointed in the direction of the sun , and is reduced by using a lens hood or other shade. For good optical systems and most images which do not have a bright light shining into the lens , flare is a secondary .... Lenses with large numbers of elements such as Zoom lens zooms tend to exhibit greater lens flare, as they contain ... distribution of the lens flare typically manifests as several starbursts, rings, or circles in a row across the image or view. Lens flare patterns typically spread widely across the scene and change ... elements. For example, if the lens has a 6 bladed aperture, the flare may have a hexagonal pattern. Such internal ... artifact s. When a bright light source is shining on the lens but not in its field of view, lens ... the lens the purpose for which lens hood s are designed . In a studio, a Gobo lighting gobo ... use lens coatings to reduce the amount of reflection and minimize flare. When using an anamorphic lens , as is common in analog cinematography, lens flare can manifest itself as a horizontal lines ... look . Deliberate use File Lens Flare at Borobudur Stairs Kala Arches.JPG thumb right 200px Lens flare on Borobudur stairs to enhance the sense of ascending A lens flare is often deliberately used to invoke a sense of drama. A lens flare is also useful when added to an artificial or modified image ... lens flare is a common effect in various graphics editing programs, although its use can be a point of contention among professional graphic design ers. ref name adobe photoshop 5 5 martin evening book ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 In optics , a simple lens or singlet lens is a lens optics lens consisting of a single simple element. Typical examples include a magnifying glass or a lens in a pair of simple glasses reading glasses . Simple lenses are prone to aberration in optical systems aberrations , especially chromatic aberration . They cannot be used for precise imaging and make poor camera lens es. They are commonly used for laser applications, however, where the beams are both monochromatic minimizing chromatic aberration and narrow minimizing spherical aberration . Some camera s with Focus free lens fixed lenses have been made using a simple lens, usually a meniscus lens with the convex face facing outward. In such examples the lens aperture is made small and in some cases such as the Kodak Brownie camera Brownie 127 camera , the photographic film film plane is curved to reduce the impact of aberrations. See also Lens optics Doublet lens Aspheric lens DEFAULTSORT Simple Lens Category Photographic lenses Category Lenses Optics stub zh ... more details
lens , a design that uses special optical configurations to make the lens shorter than its ... lens also known as photographic lens or photographic objective is an optics opticallens optics lens ... design and construction are different. A lens may be permanently fixed to a camera, or it may ... the exit pupil onto the image plane. Construction Main Photographic lensdesign Image Telephoto.jpg ... material used to construct lens elements, due to its good optical properties and resistance to scratching ..., most lenses are Optical coating multi coated in order to minimize lens flare and other unwanted effects ... fundamental parameters of an opticallens are the focal length and the maximum aperture . The lens ... distance is considered to look more flattering. Number of elements Main Photographic lensdesign ... wideangle lens of large aperture must be of very complex construction to correct for optical ... would continue to dominate photographic lensdesign for another half century, despite well established ... 1989, pp. 49 50. ref of the seven major lensoptical aberration aberrations five monochromatic Seidel ... modern lens, because it had an asymmetric formula allowed by the new design freedom opened up ... formula created by reexamining lensdesign from first principles to take maximum advantage of the advances .... ref The Sonnar was and is also popular as a telephoto lensdesign the Sonnar is always at least slightly ... lens convex and Concave lens concave lensdesign. Alvan Clark further refined the design in 1888 .... While in principle a simple lens simple convex lens will suffice, in practice a compound lens made up of a number of opticallens optics lens elements is required to correct as much as possible the many optical aberration s that arise. Some aberrations will be present in any lens system. It is the job of the lens designer to balance these out and produce a design that is suitable for photographic use and possibly mass production. There is no major difference in principle between a lens used ... more details
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