Opticalengineering is the field of study that focuses on applications of optics . Optical engineers design components of optical instrument s such as lens optics lenses , microscope s, telescope s, and other equipment that utilize the properties of light . Other devices include optical sensors and measurement systems, laser s, fiber optic communication systems, optical disc systems e.g. CD , DVD , etc. Because optical engineers want to design and build devices that make light do something useful, they must understand and apply the science of optics in substantial detail, in order to know what is physically possible to achieve physics and chemistry . However, they also must know what is practical in terms of available technology, materials, costs, design methods, etc. As with other fields of engineering, computer s are important to many perhaps most optical engineers. They are used with instruments ... optical software designed specifically for their field. Opticalengineering metrology uses optical ... of OpticalEngineering 4,000 years ago there were some signs and indications that early optical engineers used optical applications. People who designed and built the Stonehenge and Pyramid of Cheops used basic opticalengineering principles. These structures had a connection with the earth and sun ... doi 10.1117 3.818136.ch2 . ref See also Optical lens design Optician Optics Optical physics SPIE CODE V Zemax HEXAGON optical software HEXAGON References references Further reading Driggers, Ronald G. ed. 2003 . Encyclopedia of OpticalEngineering. New York Marcel Dekker. 3 vols. ISBN 978 0824709402 ... link doi 10.1117 3.818136.ch2 FTS Yu & Xiangyang Yang 1997 Introduction to OpticalEngineering , Cambridge University Press , ISBN 0251574935 . Technology footer Engineering stub Category Optics Category Engineering disciplines ar de Feinoptiker es Ingenier a ptica fa ... of optical beams from the eyes. Aristotle believed vision is accomplished when particles from the object ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Optical physics , or optical science , is a subfield of atomic, molecular, and optical physics . It is the study of the generation of electromagnetic radiation , the properties of that radiation, and the interaction of that radiation with matter , especially its manipulation and control. It differs from general optics and opticalengineering in that it is focused on the discovery and application of new phenomena. There is no strong distinction, however, between optical physics, applied optics, and opticalengineering, since the devices of opticalengineering and the applications of applied optics are necessary for basic research in optical physics, and that research leads to the development of new devices and applications. Often the same people are involved in both the basic research and the applied technology development. Researchers in optical physics use and develop light sources that span the electromagnetic spectrum from microwave s to X ray s. The field includes the generation and detection of light, linear and nonlinear optics nonlinear optical processes, and spectroscopy . Laser s and laser spectroscopy have transformed optical science. Major study in optical physics is also devoted to quantum optics and Coherence physics coherence , and to femtosecond optics. In optical physics, support is also provided in areas such as the nonlinear response of isolated atoms to intense, ultra short electromagnetic fields, the atom cavity interaction at high ... include the development of novel optical techniques for nano optical measurements, diffractive optics , low coherence interferometry , optical coherence tomography , and near field microscopy . Research in optical physics places an emphasis on ultrafast optical science and technology. The applications of optical physics create advancements in telecommunication communications , medicine , manufacturing ... Optical Physics Category Atomic, molecular, and optical physics Category Optics bn ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Optical storage is a term from engineering referring to the storage of data on an optically readable medium. Data is recorded by making marks in a pattern that can be read back with the aid of light , usually a beam of laser light precisely focused on a spinning disc. An older example, that does not require the use of computers, is microform . There are other means of optically storing data and new methods are in development. Optical storage differs from other computer data storage data storage techniques that make use of other technologies such as magnetism or semiconductor s. Optical storage can range from a single drive reading a single CD ROM to multiple drives reading multiple discs such as an optical jukebox . Single compact discs can hold around 700MB megabyte s and optical jukebox es can hold much more ref Compact Disc http en.wikipedia.org wiki Compact Disc ref . The term optical drive usually refers to a device in a computer that can read CD ROM s or other optical disc s. See also Data storage device the broader topic of all devices that store data. Optical Media board disc modern optical discs such as CD ROM s and related formats. Optical Jukebox Optical disc drive Optical tape more capacity than magnetic tape but not as cost effective Magneto optical drive combines Optical and Magnetic technologies to store data. Laser turntable a device that optically reads mechanical data storage media. HDSS Holographic Data Storage Systems potential new optical storage technology. 3D optical data storage potential new optical storage technology. Optical Storage Technology Association industry trade association References Reflist Optical storage media DEFAULTSORT Optical Storage Category Storage media compu storage stub ar es Almacenamiento ptico fr Lecteur de disque optique ro Dispozitive optice de stocare fi Optinen asema vi a quang zh ... more details
driver in the Industrial Revolution , underscores the importance of engineering in modern history. This model is on display at the main building of the ETSIIM in Madrid, Spain Engineering is the discipline ... and process engineering processes that safely realize improvements to the lives of people. The American ... for Engineering and Technology ABET ref name ABET History http www.abet.org history.shtml ABET History ref has defined engineering as blockquote T he creative application of scientific principles to design ... ECPD Definition on Britannica http www.britannica.com eb article 9105842 engineering Engineers Council ... on Engineering ref blockquote One who practices engineering is called an engineer , and those licensed ... Engineer , Ingenieur or European Engineer . The broad discipline of engineering encompasses a range of more specialized fields of engineering subdisciplines , each with a more specific emphasis on certain fields of application and particular areas of technology. History Wiktionary engineering The concept of engineering has existed since ancient times as humans devised fundamental inventions ... definition of engineering, exploiting basic mechanical principles to develop useful tools and objects. The term engineering itself has a much more recent etymology, deriving from the word engineer , which ... are military engineering corps, e.g. , the United States Army Corps of Engineers U.S. Army Corps ... matured as a technical discipline, the term civil engineering ref name ECPD Definition on Britannica ... military projects and those involved in the older discipline of military engineering . Ancient era ... mechanical engineering. Some of Archimedes inventions as well as the Antikythera mechanism required ..., and are still widely used today in diverse fields such as robotics and automotive engineering ... cite book last Jenkins first Rhys authorlink coauthors title Links in the History of Engineering ... decades, allowing for the beginnings of mass production . With the rise of engineering as a profession ... more details
Matt Quinn , better known as Optical , is a drum and bass Music producer producer and DJ from England . He is best known for his work with Ed Rush , fellow head of the Virus Recordings label, and as a pioneer of the techstep and neurofunk sound. His first single for Metalheadz , To Shape the Future Raging Calm 1997 and his collaborative material with Ed Rush, such as the Wormhole album Wormhole , album 1998 were archetypal developments in the style. The duo followed this debut album with The Creeps 2000 and The Original Doctor Shade 2003 , as well as countless singles and remixes. He also notably did most of the engineering and production work for Grooverider s album Mysteries of Funk . In addition, he has produced solo, and released in collaboration with many artists, including Trace artist Trace , Dom & Roland , Fierce band Fierce , and his brother Matrix artist Matrix . External links Rolldabeats artist artist optical name Optical Discogs artist artist Optical name Optical Discogs artist artist Ed Rush 26 Optical name Ed Rush & Optical DEFAULTSORT Optical Category English record producers Category English DJs Category English drum and bass musicians Category Living people UK electronic musician stub ... more details
Italic title Infobox journal title Optical Materials cover File Optical Materials.gif editor G. Boulon discipline Optics , Chemistry , Physics peer reviewed formernames abbreviation Opt. Mater. publisher Elsevier country frequency Monthly history 1992 present openaccess license impact 1.728 impact year 2009 website http www.elsevier.com wps find journaldescription.cws home 522512 description link1 http www.sciencedirect.com science journal 09253467 link1 name Online access link2 link2 name RSS http rss.sciencedirect.com publication science 5596 atom JSTOR OCLC 39097987 LCCN 93023084 CODEN OMATET ISSN 0925 3467 eISSN 1873 1252 Optical Materials is a Peer review peer reviewed scientific journal that publishes original papers and review articles on the design, synthesis, characterisation and applications of materials, suitable for various optical instrument optical device s. The journal also publishes papers about physical and chemical properties of such materials and their applications. Abstracting and indexing Optical Materials is abstracted and indexed in the following databases Chemical Abstracts Service Current Contents Engineering, Computing & Technology Compendex Compendex Engineering Index Inspec Scopus References Reflist External links Official 1 http www.elsevier.com wps find journaldescription.cws home 522512 description Category Optics journals Category Monthly journals Category Publications established in 1992 Category Elsevier academic journals Category English language journals sci journal stub ... more details
unreferenced date December 2006 In optics , optical bistability is an attribute of certain optical device s where two resonant transmissions state s are possible and stable, dependent on the input. Optical devices with a feedback mechanism , e.g. a laser , provide two methods of achieving bistability . Absorptive bistability utilizes an absorber to block light inversely dependent on the intensity of the source light. The first bistable state resides at a given intensity where no absorber is used. The second state resides at the point where the light intensity overcomes the absorber s ability to block light. Refractive bistability utilizes an optical mechanism that changes its refractive index inversely dependent on the intensity of the source light. The first bistable state resides at a given intensity where no optical mechanism is used. The second state resides at the point where a certain light intensity causes the light to resonate to the corresponding refractive index. This effect is caused by two factors Nonlinear atom field interaction Feedback effect of mirror Important cases that might be regarded are Atomic detuning Cooperating factor Cavity mistuning Applications of this phenomenon include its use in optical transmitters, memory elements and pulse shapers. Category Optics engineering stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Image Laser.jpg thumb 300px A laser system on an optical table. An optical table is a piece of equipment used for optics experiment s and Opticalengineeringengineering . In optical setups, especially those involving interferometry , the alignment of each component must be extremely accurate&mdash precise down to a fraction of a wavelength &mdash usually a few hundred nanometer s. Even small vibrations or Strain materials science strain in the table on which the elements are set up might lead to complete failure of an experiment. Hence, one requires an extremely sturdy table which neither vibrates nor flexes, even under heavy loads. The surface of the table must also be quite flat, to allow precision optical mounts to make good contact with the table without rocking. Modern optical tables are typically made of steel with a thick honeycomb lattice structure. The surface usually has a grid of threaded holes which allow the components to be bolted down so they cannot ... optical table tops were sometimes made of a large slab of highly polished granite . The heavy, dense ... and expensive, however, and are not commonly available today. The metal used to construct modern optical ... ISO metric screw thread M6 25 mm Imperial 1 4 20TPI 1 25.4mm Breadboards A cheaper alternative to an optical table is an optical breadboard a steel honeycomb panel with threaded holes that can be placed on an ordinary table or workbench. Breadboards are not as good as optical tables, but are much ... onto an optical table, build up a module of the experiment on it, and then transfer the module as a whole ... built optical devices are assembled and aligned on breadboards, which are then enclosed in a case ... laser on an optical bench. An optical bench or optical rail is a less sophisticated piece of equipment ... Optical bench simulation DEFAULTSORT Optical Table Category Laboratory equipment Category Tables furniture Category Optical devices Table, optical de Optischer Tisch fr Banc d optique uk ... more details
Optical tweezers originally called single beam gradient force trap are scientific instruments that use ... dielectric objects. Optical tweezers have been particularly successful in studying a variety of biological systems in recent years. History and development The detection of optical scattering ... is now commonly referred to as an optical tweezers a tightly focused beam of light capable of holding ... JE, Chu S title Observation of a single beam gradient force optical trap for dielectric particles ... optical tweezing in his work on Laser cooling cooling and trapping neutral atoms. ref name ptonline.aip.org cite journal author Matthews J.N.A. title Commercial optical traps emerge from biophysics ... as the inventor of optical trapping and provides information on the 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics. ref In an interview, Steven Chu described how Ashkin had first envisioned optical tweezing as a method .... Magneto optical trap . In the late 1980s, Arthur Ashkin and Joseph M. Dziedzic demonstrated the first ... mosaic virus and Escherichia coli bacterium. ref cite journal author Ashkin A, Dziedzic JM title Optical ... like Carlos Bustamante , James Spudich , and Steven Block pioneered the use of optical trap ... in biology, and are responsible for locomotion and mechanical action within the cell. Optical ... at the single molecule level optical trap force spectroscopy has since led to greater understanding of the stochastic nature of these force generating molecules. Optical tweezers have proven useful in other areas of biology as well. For instance, in 2003 the techniques of optical tweezers were applied in the field of cell sorting by creating a large optical intensity pattern over the sample area, cells can be sorted by their intrinsic optical characteristics. ref name MacDonald03 cite journal author MacDonald MP, Spalding GC, Dholakia K title Microfluidic sorting in an optical lattice journal ... Koss BA, Grier DG, http physics.nyu.edu grierlab peristalsis2b Optical Peristalsis ref Optical tweezers ... more details
Optical Sorting is a process of visually sorting a product though the use of Photodetector light sensors , Camera ref http www.woodheadpublishing.com en book.aspx?bookID 614&printer yes Detecting foreign bodies in food ref , or the Human eye ref Image Processing for the Food Industry , E. R. Davis World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. London, 2000 ref . In its simplest operation, a machine will simply see how much light is reflected off the object using a simple Photodetector such as a Photoresistor and accept or reject the item depending on how reflective it is light or dark . More sophisticated systems use Image processing to discriminate the colors of the object, often via a controlled Spectrum spectra of light, even beyond the visible spectrum into the IR and UV range. Shape detection is an evolving ability. The common method of removal is jets of compressed air, but others exist. The term Optical sorting also includes manual seeing and manipulating processes. http www.odenberg.com Odenberg Engineering , http www.lasersorter.com Visys , Satake Corporation , http www.bestsorting.com Best , and http www.buhlergroup.com 17217EN.asp Sortex are some companies that build Optical Sorting machines for the food sector to ensure consistent quality & safety. Further reading references optics stub Category Optics stubs Category Optics ... more details
Lead too short date May 2010 File Microsoft wireless mouse.jpg thumb 300px A wireless optical mouse An optical ... ball and two chopper wheels for motion detection. Early optical mice File Xerox Optical Mouse Chip.jpg thumb left Xerox optical mouse chip Early optical mice, first demonstrated by two independent inventors ... 6649 date May 10, 1982 url http books.google.com books?id bDAEAAAAMBAJ&pg PA11&dq optical mouse kirsch lyon&lr &num 20&as brr 3&ei TLI2S4 TG4rSkwTjy5DMAQ&cd 1 v onepage&q optical mouse 20kirsch 20lyon ... 21, 1983 url http books.google.com books?id S8EAAAAMBAJ&pg PA28&dq optical mouse led color&lr &num 20&as brr 3&ei bK42S8jnO5qIlQSZuLy5AQ&cd 15 v onepage&q optical mouse 20led 20color&f false ref ref cite ... book chapter The Optical Mouse, and an Architectural Methodology for Smart Digital Sensors title VLSI Systems and Computations url http books.google.com books?id t15TAAAAMAAJ&q optical mouse lyon&dq optical mouse lyon&lr &as brr 0&as pt ALLTYPES&ei AKf7Sc3PLJDmkASaxq3LBA&pgis 1 editor H. T. Kung ... thumb left The optical sensor from a Microsoft Wireless IntelliMouse Explorer v. 1.0A Modern optical mice File Avago ADNS 5030 optical mouse sensor disassembled.jpg thumb Optical mouse sensor disassembled Modern surface independent optical mice work by using an optoelectronic sensor essentially, a tiny ... successful optical computer mouse was the Microsoft IntelliMouse , introduced in 2001 using technology ... optical computer mouse is known as digital image correlation , a technology pioneered by the defense industry for tracking military targets. Optical mice use image sensors to image naturally occurring ... to determine how far the mouse has moved. To understand how optical mice work, imagine two photographs ... of an optical computer mouse the distance it has moved. Optical mice capture one thousand successive ... from the previous one by a fraction of a pixel or as many as several pixels. Optical mice mathematically ... is offset from the previous one. An optical mouse might use an image sensor having an 18 x 18 pixel ... more details
Optical lift is an optics optical analogue of aerodynamic lift , in which a Camber aerodynamics cambered refractive object with differently shaped top and bottom surfaces experiences a stable transverse lift force when placed in a uniform stream of light . ref name Nature Photonics cite journal title Stable optical lift journal Nature Photonics volume 5 pages 48 date 05 December 2010 first Grover A. last Swartzlander Jr coauthors Timothy J. Peterson, Alexandra B. Artusio Glimpse and Alan D. Raisanen doi 10.1038 nphoton.2010.266 url http www.nature.com nphoton journal vaop ncurrent full nphoton.2010.266.html accessdate 2010 12 08 ref Discovery Light has been known for some time to be capable of pushing objects and this is the principle behind the solar sail , which uses light to push vehicles along in outer space . Now, a 2010 study by physicist Grover Swartzlander and colleagues of the Rochester ... this same lift effect. ref name Physorg cite news first Lin last Edwards title Optical lifting demonstrated for the first time date December 7, 2010 url http www.physorg.com news 2010 12 optical video.html work Physorg accessdate 2010 12 09 ref In optical lift, created by a lightfoil , the lift is created ... name Physorg Potential uses The 2010 discovery of stable optical lift is considered by some physicists to be most surprising . ref name BBC Unlike optical tweezers , an intensity gradient is not required ... uniform beam of light. Swartzlander and his team propose using optical lift to power micromachines ... sail spacecraft may be applied. ref name Kaku cite news first Michio last Kaku title Optical Lift ... lift IKAROS Interplanetary Kite craft Accelerated by Radiation Of the Sun Laser propulsion Optical force Solar sail References reflist External links http www.physorg.com news 2010 12 optical video.html Video Optical lifting demonstrated for the first time physics stub science stub DEFAULTSORT Optical ... Category Aerospace engineering ... more details
File HartnessComparator.jpg thumb Patent drawings for Hartness screw thread optical comparator numbering removed for clarity . ref name Patent Citation last Hartness first James last2 Porter first2 Russell title United States Patent 1703933 Optical comparator publisher U.S. Patent Office year 1929 url http www.freepatentsonline.com 1703933.html ref File Optical comparator J and L 001 with DRO.jpg thumb A J&L comparator with a Digital read out DRO . An optical comparator often simply called a comparator in context is a device that applies the principles of optics to the inspection of manufactured parts. In a comparator, the magnified silhouette of a part is projected upon the screen, and the dimensions and geometry of the part are measured against Engineering tolerance prescribed limits . The first commercial comparator was a creation of James Hartness and Russell W. Porter . ref Harvnb Roe 1937 pp 43 45 . ref Hartness long continuing work as the Chairman of the U.S. s National Screw Thread Commission led him to apply his familiarity with optics from his avocations of astronomy and telescope building to the problem of screw thread inspection. The Hartness Screw Thread Comparator was for many years a profitable product for the Jones and Lamson Machine Company, of which he was president. In subsequent decades optical comparators have been made by many companies and have been applied to the inspection of many kinds of parts. Today they may be found in many machine shops. ref cite web url http www.qualitydigest.com may02 html optcomp.html title Shedding light on optical comparators&mdash How much better can this type of system get? last Smith first Kennedy year 2002 accessdate 2008 05 12 publisher Quality Digest QCI International ref The idea of mixing optics and measurement, and the use of the term comparator for Metrology metrological equipment, had existed in other forms prior to Hartness s work but they had remained in realms of pure science such as telescopy and microscopy ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 The path that light takes in traversing an optical system is often called the optical path . The physical length of an optical device can be reduced to less than the length of the optical path by using folded optics . The optical path length as defined in optics is the length of the path multiplied by the index of refraction of the medium. See also Optical path length DEFAULTSORT Optical path Category Optics Optics stub de Strahlengang it Cammino ottico sv Str lg ng ... more details
Optical wireless is the combined use of opticaloptical fiber optical fibre and wireless radio radio frequency communication to provide telecommunications telecommunication to clusters of end points which are geographically distant. The optical fibre is used to span the longest distances, then a wireless link transmits the signal to nearby houses. telecom stub Sources http searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com sDefinition 0,,sid40 gci760820,00.html Optical communication Category Optical communications Category Local loop ... more details
Optical networking can refer to Optical communication Fiber optic communication Synchronous optical networking Optical Transport Network OTN Passive optical network disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
materials in different fields of science and engineering. In particular, the use of optical methods ...orphan date April 2010 An optical dilatometer is a non contact device able to measure thermal expansions or sintering kinetics of any kind of materials, unlike traditional push rod dilatometer, it can push up to the dilatometric softening of the specimen. It is a device for measuring changes in the dimensions of a specimen, optically, the achieved resolution can results in greater values than those of a conventional pushrod dilatometer. A monochromatic light source, such as a laser , illuminates the specimen. Some of the light is reflected by the specimen and interferes with the incoming light, creating optical interference fringe s. As the specimen contracts or expands, there is a proportional movement of the interference fringes, which can be measured using a camera system. The measurement resolution is determined by the wavelength of the light, and is typically 0.5 micrometre m for blue light. Optical dilatometers are used to measure thermal expansion . The optical dilatometer ... and instrument is required. Structure and types The most recent types of optical dilatometer use ... wavelength and a very high Optical resolution resolution image sensor it is possible to achieve ... Optical resolution resolution of nearly 1500 micrometre pixel of the camera not an interpolated .... There are two major types of optical dilatometers which are currently in use Horizontal OD ... for the result of the measurement because the optical system follows the horizontal movements ... formulation strongly decreases and trapped gas is then free to exit. History The first optical ... substantially similar to the electronic dilatometer . Optical dilatometers are used along traditional .... Optical dilatometers are used for thermal analysis of various types of materials, such as incoherent ... http www.expertsystemsolutions.com ENGLISH prodotti Dilatometriottici.html Double Beam optical Dilatometers ... more details
laser engineering , 2nd ed. Springer Verlag 1988 . An excellent two part review of the history of optical ...An optical cavity or optical resonator is an arrangement of mirror s that forms a standing wave cavity resonator for light wave s. Optical cavities are a major component of laser s, surrounding the gain medium and providing feedback of the laser light. They are also used in optical parametric oscillator ... inside the cavity. Optical cavities are designed to have a large Q factor ref cite web title ... compared to the frequency of the laser. Resonator modes Image Optical cavity1.png right frame Types of two mirror optical cavities, with mirrors of various curvatures, showing the radiation pattern ... is a Gaussian beam . Resonator types The most common types of optical cavities consist of two ... commonly used in microchip and optical microcavity microcavity lasers and semiconductor laser s. In these cases, rather than using separate mirrors, a reflective optical coating may be directly applied ... droplet, also forms an interesting optical cavity. Richard K. Chang et al. have demonstrated, in 1986 ... of optical cavity exhibits optical resonances when the size of the sphere or the optical ... then leads to a displacement. Practical resonators If the optical cavity is not empty e.g. ..., but the optical path length between the mirrors. Optical elements such as lenses placed in the cavity ... beam s Aberration in optical systems astigmatism , which is produced by Brewster s angle Brewster ... the pointing stability of a laser may still be improved by spatial filtering by an optical fibre . Optical delay lines This section is linked from Delay line Optical cavities can also be used as multipass optical delay lines, folding a light beam so that a long path length may be achieved in a small ... beam on a virtual end mirror. See also Optical feedback Multiple prism grating laser oscillators ... 2.pdf Bot retrieved archive archivedate 2007 01 07 DEFAULTSORT Optical Cavity Category Optical devices ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2009 Optical microspheres photonic atoms are high quality factor optical resonator s used for active and passive photonic applications such as microlaser cavities and filters. physics stub Category Optics ... more details
Cleanup date January 2008 Optical interferometry combines two or more light waves in an optics optical instrument in such a way that Interference wave propagation interference occurs between them. Early interferometers used white light sources and also monochromatic light from atomic sources e.g., Double slit experiment Young s double slit experiment of 1805 . Such interferometers had a wide range ... up the standard. The development of laser s has made it much easier to produce optical interference and has led to the development of a wide range of measurement methods in engineering, physics and other fields. Optical interferometer configurations There are many ways in which two or more light ... here . Some applications of optical interferometry Optical interferometry is used in a vast ... , ring laser gyroscope s are used that can detect rotation through optical interferometry of laser ... application of optical interferometry using coherent light is Holographic interferometry , a technique ..., optical probes are deployable directly in process, at a distance from the profilometer enclosure. ref Citation last1 Losert first1 R. title So Far, Yet so Close Optical Profilometer Systems Inspect ..., channels, holes , and film thickness measurement semi conductor and optical industries, etc . ref .... Optical coherence tomography This is a medical imaging technique based on low coherence interferometry ... accuracy. Astronomical optical interferometry An astronomical interferometer is an array of telescopes ... to microdensitometry and microscopy ref F. J. Duarte , Electro optical interferometric microdensitometer ... gratings and transmissive optical surfaces in general. More recently the N slit interferometer has been applied to generate interferometric characters for secure Free space optical communication optical communications in free space . ref http www.iop.org EJ abstract 2040 8986 12 1 015705 F. J ... DEFAULTSORT Optical Interferometry Category Interferometry Category Interferometers Category ... more details
over 25 patents to various technologies related to optical recording and playback. ref cite web title The Invention of Optical Digital Recording with James T. Russell publisher Audio Engineering Society ...The history of optical recording can be divided into a few number of distinct major contributions. The pioneers of optical recording worked mostly independently, and their solutions to the many technical challenges have very distinctive features, such as reflective disc Compaan and Kramer transparent disc Gregg floppy disc Russell rigid disc Compaan and Kramer focused laser beam for read out through transparent substrate Compaan and Kramer . Gregg 1958 Laserdisc technology, using a transparent disc ref US patent 3,430,966 Transparent recording disc, 1969. ref , was invented by David Paul Gregg in 1958 and patented in 1961 and 1990 ref US patent 3,530,258 Video signal transducer, 1970. ref ref US patent 4,893,297 Disc shaped member, 1990. ref . By 1969 Philips had developed a videodisc in reflective mode, which has great advantages over the transparent mode. Music Corporation of America MCA ..., Ray Deakin and John Winslow founded Optical Disc Corporation now ODC Nimbus . Russell 1965 While working at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, James Russell invented an optical storage system ... were filed in 1966, and 1969. respectively ref US patent 3,501,586 Analog to digital to optical photographic ... that wrote the binary patterns. Russell s first optical disc was distinctly different from the eventual ... by Optical Recording Corporation ORC in Toronto in 1985, and this firm notified a number ..., when he developed very early optical videodisc systems, including holography holographic ... disc with phase structure, 1977. ref ref US patent 5,068,846 Reflective optical record carrier, 1991 ... of pits using an FM video signal. Together with MCA, Philips brought the optical videodisk to market ... storage Category Digital audio Category Digital media Category Optical disc authoring Category Sound ... more details
Refimprove date May 2007 Optical communication is any form of telecommunication that uses light as the transmission medium . An optical communication system consists of a transmitter , which encodes a message into an optical signal information theory signal , a channel communications channel , which ... optical signal. Forms of optical communication File Bundesarchiv Bild 102 09520, Kieler Hafen, Abfahrt der Deutschen Hochseeflotte.jpg thumb Naval signal There are many forms of non technological optical ... s, ship flags , smoke signals , and beacon beacon fires were the earliest form of technological optical ... an Aldis lamp to communicate with planes whose radio failed. Optical fiber is the most common medium for modern digital optical communication. Free space optical communication is also used today in a variety of applications. Optical fiber communication Main article Fiber optic communication . Optical fiber is the most common type of channel for optical communications, however, other types of optical ... in optical fiber links are generally light emitting diode s LEDs or laser diode s. Infrared light, rather than visible light is used more commonly, because optical fibers transmit infrared wavelengths ... is typically simple intensity modulation , although historically optical phase and frequency modulation ... lower cost. Free space optical communication Main article Free space optical communication ... and the destination, and the optical receiver can reliably decode the transmitted information. Infrared Data Association IrDA is an example of low data rate, short distance free space optical communications using LEDs. See also Commons category Optical communication Laser Optical telegraph Heliograph Telegraph Jun Ichi Nishizawa an inventor of optical communication. Optical fiber cable Optical interconnect Light Peak Parallel optical interface Interconnect bottleneck Opto isolator Fiber tapping Modulating retro reflector LED References http www.rp photonics.com optical fiber communications.html ... more details
Image fibreoptic.jpg thumb right A bundle of optical fibers Image Fiber optic illuminated.jpg thumb A TOSLINK fiber optic audio cable being illuminated at one end An optical fiber is a thin, flexible, transparent ... the two ends of the fibre. The field of applied science and engineering concerned with the design and application of optical fibers is known as fiber optics . Optical fibers are widely used in fiber ... of other applications, including sensor s and fiber laser s. Optical fiber typically consists of a transparent core optical fiber core surrounded by a transparent Cladding fiber optics cladding ... sp us m ft . Joining lengths of optical fiber is more complex than joining electrical wire or cable ... splice mechanically or by fusion splicing fusing them together with heat. Special optical ... book last Bates first Regis J title Optical Switching and Networking Handbook publisher McGraw Hill ... to act as an optical fibre. ref Wells, J. Hair light guide. Nature, 338, 23, 2 March 1989 ref Practical ... Narinder Singh Kapany conducted experiments that led to the invention of optical fiber. Modern optical fibers, where the glass fiber is coated with a transparent cladding to offer a more suitable ... previous optical fibers had relied on air or impractical oils and waxes as the low index cladding ... Graham Bell invented a Photophone to transmit voice signals over an optical beam. ref http inventors.about.com ... scientist at Tohoku University , also proposed the use of optical fibers for communications in 1963 ... http books.google.com ?id 2NTpSnfhResC&pg PA27&lpg PA27&dq Jun ichi Nishizawa proposal on use of optical ... of optical fiber communications, such as the graded index optical fiber as a channel ... Optical Fiber url http www.city.sendai.jp soumu kouhou s new e6 page01.html accessdate April 5, 2009 ... company Standard Telephones and Cables STC were the first to promote the idea that the attenuation in optical ... properties for optical fiber, and pointed out the right material to use for such fibers silica ... more details
unreferenced date September 2009 Image optical train.jpg thumb 250px right An optical train showing the arrangement and angle of lenses and mirrors to guide the laser. Optical train also called optical assembly is the arrangement of lens optics lenses to guide Line of sight propagation line of sight and lasers. The position and angle of lenses are adjusted to guide a laser through the path required. optics stub Category fiber optics ... more details
For the optic axis of a crystal Optic axis of a crystal Image Optical axis en.png thumb 300px Optical axis coincides with red ray and rays symmetrical to optical axis pair of blue and pair of green rays propagating through different lenses. An optical axis is a line along which there is some degree of rotational symmetry in an optics optical system such as a camera lens or microscope . The optical axis is an imaginary line that defines the path along which light propagates through the system. For a system composed of simple lens optics lenses and mirror s, the axis passes through the center of curvature of each surface, and coincides with the axis of rotational symmetry . The optical axis is often coincident with the system s mechanical axis, but not always, as in the case of off axis optical system s. For an optical fiber , the optical axis is along the center of the fiber core , and is also known as the fiber axis . See also Ray optics Cardinal point optics Boresight References FS1037C DODDIC Category Geometrical optics de Optische Achse Optik et Optiline telg eo Optika akso ko id Sumbu optis nl Optische as optica ja pl O optyczna ru sk Optick os sl Opti na os tr Optik eksen uk zh ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
