Wiktionary Optic may mean Alcoholic spirits measures optic , a British term for a device for dispensing fixed amounts of alcoholic spirits Optics , the study of the behavior and properties of light An optical element or component, such as a Lens optics lens , Prism optics prism , or mirror Disambiguation ... more details
Wiktionary Optic Nerve may refer to Optic nerve , the anatomical structure Optic Nerve comic , the comic book series Optic Nerve 1999 , a Red Hot Benefit Series tribute to David Wojnarowicz Disambiguation ... more details
unreferenced date September 2009 Optic crystals are crystals that can be used to direct a beam of light . Optic crystals can work as directional guides to the light in photonic devices. Opticmechanics deals with the grinding, polishing and refining of optic crystals. DEFAULTSORT Optic Crystals Category Fiber optics optics stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Infobox Brain Name Optic tract Latin tractus opticus GraySubject 189 GrayPage 814 Image Gray773.png Caption The left optic nerve and the optic tracts. Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Visual system Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 443 MeshName MeshNumber NeuroLex Optic tract NeuroLexID birnlex 1684 DorlandsPre t 15 DorlandsSuf 12817061 The optic tract is a part of the visual system in the brain . It is a continuation of the optic nerve and runs from the optic chiasm where half of the information from each eye crosses sides, and half stays on the same side to the lateral geniculate nucleus . Right vs. left The relationships of the retinal fibers to the optic tracts are illustrated below, with the nasal retinal fibers in blue and the temporal retinal fibers in red. File Gray722.png thumb Click for a larger image. class wikitable optic tract temporal retinal fibers nasal retinal fiber right optic tract from the right eye from the left eye left optic tract from the left eye from the right eye In split brain patients whom have undergone a corpus callosotomy usually to treat severe epilepsy the information from one optic tract does not get transmitted to both hemispheres. In carefully controlled experiments, split brain patients shown an image in his or her left left visual field that is, the left half of what both eyes see ... optic tract will cause right sided homonomous hemianopsia . Additional images gallery Deleted image removed Image Optic tract.JPG Optic tract. Image Hippocampus brain .jpg Diagram of hippocampus Image ... lateral view. Image Gray722.png Scheme showing central connections of the optic nerve s and optic tracts ... brainstem anterior view 2 description.JPG Human brainstem anterior view Image Optic tract and optic nerve.jpg Optic tract and optic nerve gallery Visual system Sensory system Cranial nerves DEFAULTSORT Optic Tract Category Visual system Neuroscience stub it Tratto ottico pl Droga wzrokowa th ... more details
Infobox disease Name Optic neuropathy Image Alt Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 H 46 h 46 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID The optic nerve contains axons of nerve cells that emerge from the retina, leave the eye at the optic disc, and go to the visual cortex where input from the eye is processed into vision. There are 1.2 million optic nerve fibers that derive from the retinal ... 6, 353 361. ref Optic neuropathy refers to damage to the optic nerve due to any cause. Damage and death of these nerve cells, or neurons, leads to characteristic features of optic neuropathy .... On medical examination, the optic nerve head can be visualised by an ophthalmoscope. A pale disc is characteristic of long standing optic neuropathy. In many cases, only one eye is affected and patients .... Optic neuropathy is often called optic atrophy , to describe the loss of some or most of the fibers of the optic nerve. In medicine, atrophy usually means shrunken but capable of regrowth , so some argue that optic atrophy as a pathological term is somewhat misleading, and the term optic neuropathy should be used instead. In short, optic atrophy is the end result of any disease that damages nerve ... system . Causes The optic neuropathy may be caused by any of the following Ischemic optic neuropathy Optic neuritis Compressive optic neuropathy Infiltrative optic neuropathy Traumatic optic neuropathy Mitochondrial optic neuropathies Nutritional optic neuropathies Toxic optic neuropathies Hereditary optic neuropathies Each of these topics is discussed in a subsection below. Ischemic optic neuropathy In ischemic optic neuropathies, there is insufficient blood flow ischemia to the optic nerve. The anterior optic nerve is supplied by the short posterior ciliary artery and choroidal circulation, while the retrobulbar optic nerve is supplied intraorbitally by a pial plexus, which arises from the ophthalmic .... Ischemic optic neuropathies are classified based on the location of the damage and the cause ... more details
Infobox Embryology Name PAGENAME Latin pedunculus opticus GraySubject 224 GrayPage 1001 Image Gray864.png Caption Transverse section of head of chick embryo of fifty two hours incubation. Image2 Gray865.png Caption2 Optic cup and choroidal fissure seen from below, from a human embryo of about four weeks. Optic stalk labeled at center left. System CarnegieStage 14 Precursor GivesRiseTo MeshName MeshNumber Code Terminologia Embryologica TE E5.14.3.4.2.2.6 The optic vesicles project toward the sides of the head, and the peripheral part of each expands to form a hollow bulb, while the proximal part remains narrow and constitutes the optic stalk . Closure of the choroid fissure in the optic stalk occurs during the seventh week of development. The former optic stalk is then called the optic nerve. ref Kaplan Qbook USMLE Step 1 5th edition page 55 ref The Bottom Line the optic stalks are the structures that precede the optic nerves embryologically. References reflist External links EmbryologyUNC eye 012 http www.vision.ca eye o.cup.l.vesicle.html Overview at vision.ca eye stub Gray s Development of eye and ear Category Embryology of nervous system Category Eye ... more details
Infobox Bone Name Optic foramen Latin canalis opticus, foramen opticum ossis sphenoidalis GraySubject 35 GrayPage 147 Image Orbita mensch.jpg Caption 1 Ethmoidal foramina Foramen ethmoidale BR 2 Optic foramen Canalis opticus BR 3 Fissura orbitalis superior BR 4 Fossa sacci lacrimalis BR 5 Infraorbital groove Sulcus infraorbitalis BR 6 Inferior orbital fissure Fissura orbitalis inferior BR 7 Infraorbital foramen Foramen infraorbitale Image2 Gray193.png Caption2 Base of the skull. Upper surface. On the left, Optic foramen is the 12th label from the top. System MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre c 04 DorlandsSuf 12208747 The optic foramen is the opening to the optic canal . The superior surface of the sphenoid bone is bounded behind by a ridge, which forms the anterior border of a narrow, transverse groove, the chiasmatic groove optic groove , above and behind which lies the optic chiasma the groove ends on either side in the optic foramen, which transmits the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery with accompanying sympathetic nerve fibres into the orbital cavity . The left and right optic canals are 25mm apart posteriorly and 30mm apart anteriorly. They are funnel shaped narrowest anteriorly . Additional images center gallery Image Orbital bones.png The seven bones which articulate to form the orbit. Image Gray145.png Sphenoid bone . Upper surface. Image Gray192.png Medial wall of left orbit. Image Gray787.png Dissection showing origins of right ocular muscles, and nerves entering by the superior orbital fissure. File Optic canal.jpg Optic canal gallery center See also Foramina of skull External links SUNYAnatomyLabs 29 os 05 01 UMichAtlas eye 6 look for 3 PSUAnatomy skel internal2 look for 10 Gray s Skull Foramina of skull Category Foramina of the skull musculoskeletal stub pl Kana wzrokowy sk Optick kan l anat mia ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Optic disc Latin GraySubject 225 GrayPage 1015 Image Gray879.png Caption Interior ... Gray880.png Caption2 The terminal portion of the optic nerve and its entrance into the human eye eyeball , in horizontal section. System MeshName Optic Disk MeshNumber A08.800.800.120.680.660 The optic disc or optic nerve head is the location where ganglion cell axons exit the human eye eye to form the optic nerve . There are no light sensitive Photoreceptor cell rods or cones to respond to a light ... spot or the physiological blind spot . The optic disc represents the beginning of the optic nerve second cranial nerve and is the point where the axons of retinal ganglion cells come together. The optic ... blind spot ref The optic nerve head in a normal human eye carries from 1 to 1.2 million neuron s from the eye towards the brain. Anatomy The optic disc is placed 3 to 4 mm to the nasal side of the fovea ... depression, of variable size, called the Optic cup ophthalmology optic cup . Clinical examination The eye ... of the optic disc using the principle of reversibility of light. A slit lamp slit lamp biomicroscopic ... is required for a detailed stereoscopic view of the optic disc and structures inside the eye. A biomicroscopic exam can give an indication of the health of the optic nerve. In particular, the eye care ..., notching in the optic disc and any other unusual anomalies. It is useful for finding evidence corroborating the diagnosis of glaucoma and other optic neuropathies, optic neuritis , anterior ischemic optic neuropathy or papilledema i.e. optic disc swelling produced by raised intracranial pressure , and optic disc drusen . Women in advanced stage of pregnancy with pre eclampsia should be screened by an ophthalmoscopic examination of the optic disc for early evidence of rise in intracranial ... eye , with the optical disc, or blind spot, at the bottom. Pale disc A normal optic disc is orange to pink in colour. A pale disc is an optic disc which varies in colour from a pale pink or orange ... more details
Inline citations date November 2011 about the anatomical structure the comic book series Optic Nerve comic the album about David Wojnarowicz Optic Nerve CD ROM Infobox nerve Name Optic Nerve Latin nervus ... The left optic nerve and the optic tract s. Innervates from which the eye stands alone. Special Contributions ... BranchTo MeshName Optic Nerve MeshNumber A08.800.800.120.680 Cranial nerves short The optic nerve ... the embryo nic retinal ganglion cell , a diverticulum located in the diencephalon , the optic nerve doesn t regenerate after transection. Anatomy The optic nerve is the second of twelve paired cranial ... nervous system , and are encased within the meninges . The name optic nerve is, in the technical sense, a misnomer, as the optic system lies within the central nervous system and therefore should be named the optic Neural tract tract , as nerves exist only, by definition, within the peripheral nervous system . Therefore, peripheral neuropathies like Guillain Barr syndrome do not affect the optic nerve. The optic nerve is ensheathed in all three meninges meningeal layers dura mater dura , arachnoid ... nervous system are incapable of regeneration, and, hence, optic nerve damage produces irreversible blindness. The fibres from the retina run along the optic nerve to nine primary visual nuclei in the brain, whence a major relay inputs into the primary visual cortex . The optic nerve is composed ... via the optic canal , running postero medially towards the optic chiasm , where there is a partial ... s of the optic nerve terminate in the lateral geniculate nucleus from where information is relayed ... in the orbit to 4.5 mm within the cranial space. The optic nerve component lengths are 1 mm in the globe, 24 mm in the orbit, 9 mm in the optic canal, and 16 mm in the cranial space before joining the optic chiasm. There, partial decussation occurs, and about 53 of the fibers cross to form the optic ... body, fibers of the optic radiation pass to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe of the brain. In more ... more details
Wikify date March 2010 Infobox disease Name Papillitis Image Alt Caption DiseasesDB 9579 ICD10 H46 ICD9 ICD9 377.31 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Papillitis is the term for a specific type of optic neuritis . If ocular inflammation is restricted to the optic nerve head the condition is called papillitis or intraocular optic neuritis , and if it is located in the orbital portion of the nerve it is called retrobulbar optic neuritis or orbital optic neuritis . ref http medical dictionary.thefreedictionary.com papillitis Medical Dictionary ref Papilledema , a bulging of the optic disc, is a consequence of elevated intracranial pressure. There are some important differences between papillitis and papilledema, notably, that papillitis is more often associated with substantial losses in visual fields, pain on moving the globe, and sensitivity to light pressure on the globe. Papillitis is often an early sign of multiple sclerosis. ref Pretest Neurology Edition 6 p.259 ref References Reflist Category Neurological disorders Category Diseases of the eye and adnexa eye stub ... more details
Infobox Brain Name PAGENAME Latin recessus supraopticus GraySubject 189 GrayPage 816 Image Gray721.png Caption The hypophysis cerebri , in position. Shown in sagittal section. Optic recess labeled at upper right. Image2 Gray720.png Caption2 Median sagittal section of brain. The relations of the pia mater are indicated by the red color. Optic recess labeled at lower left. IsPartOf Components Artery Vein Acronym BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 440 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre r 05 DorlandsSuf 12696889 At the junction of the floor and anterior wall of the third ventricle , immediately above the optic chiasma , the ventricle presents a small angular recess or diverticulum, the optic recess or supraoptic recess . Additional image gallery Image Gray736.png Drawing of a cast of the ventricular cavities, viewed from the side. gallery Gray s neuroscience stub Diencephalon Category Nervous system ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Optic chiasm Latin chiasma opticum GraySubject 197 GrayPage 883 Image 1543,Visalius OpticChiasma.jpg Caption Visual pathway with optic chiasm X shape outlined, red 1543 image from Andreas Vesalius Fabrica Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType BrainInfoNumber MeshName Optic chiasm MeshNumber A08.800.800.120.680.600 NeuroLex Optic chiasm NeuroLexID birnlex 1416 DorlandsPre DorlandsSuf The optic chiasm or optic chiasma Greek language Greek polytonic , crossing , from the Greek polytonic to mark with an X , after the Greek letter Chi letter , chi is the part of the brain where the optic nerve s CN II partially cross. The optic chiasm is located at the bottom of the brain immediately below the hypothalamus . ref Cite book last Colman first Andrew M. edition 2nd title Oxford Dictionary of Psychology publisher Oxford University Press page 530 year 2006 isbn 0198610351 postscript None ref Pathways The images on the nasal sides of each retina cross over to the opposite side of the brain via the optic nerve at the optic chiasm. The temporal images, on the other hand, stay on the same side. This allows the images from either side of the field .... Beyond the optic chiasm, with crossed and uncrossed fibers, optic nerves become optic tracts ... Britannica 2006 Ultimate Reference Suite DVD 2009 ref Optic chiasm in cats In Siamese cat Siamese ... showing central connections of the optic nerve s and optic tracts. Image Gray724.png Base of brain ... principal subarachnoid cistern . Image Gray773.png The left optic nerve and the optic tract s. Image ... sagittal through the hypophysis of an adult monkey. Semidiagrammatic. Image ERP optic cabling.jpg 3D schematic representation of optic tracts Image Human brainstem anterior view 2 description.JPG Human ... Jeffery G title Architecture of the optic chiasm and the mechanisms that sculpt its development journal ... pt Quiasma ptico simple Optic chiasma sr sv Synnervskorsning ... more details
Infobox disease Name Optic neuritis ICD10 ICD10 H 46 h 46 , G44.848 ICD9 ICD9 377.30 ICDO Image Caption OMIM MedlinePlus 000741 eMedicineSubj radio eMedicineTopic 488 DiseasesDB 9242 MeshID D009902 Optic neuritis is the inflammation of the optic nerve that may cause a complete or partial loss of vision. Causes The optic nerve comprises axon s that emerge from the retina of the Human eye eye and carry ... cortex of the Human brain brain to be processed into vision. Inflammation of the optic nerve ... the optic nerve. Direct axonal damage may also play a role in nerve destruction in many cases. The most common etiology is multiple sclerosis . Up to 50 of patients with MS will develop an episode of optic neuritis, and 20 30 of the time optic neuritis is the presenting Multiple sclerosis signs and symptoms ... of presentation of optic neuritis is the strongest predictor for developing clinically definite MS. Almost half of the patients with optic neuritis have white matter lesions consistent with multiple sclerosis ... name pmid18541792 cite journal author last1 Optic Neuritis Study first1 Group title Multiple Sclerosis Risk after Optic Neuritis Final Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial Follow Up journal Arch. Neurol ... ref ref cite journal author Beck RW, Trobe JD title What we have learned from the Optic Neuritis ... ref ref cite journal author title The 5 year risk of MS after optic neuritis experience of the optic ... ref Some other causes of optic neuritis include infection e.g. Syphilis , Lyme disease , herpes ... dizzy. Many patients with optic neuritis may lose some of their color Visual perception vision in the affected ... of cases. ref cite journal author Boomer JA, Siatkowski RM title Optic neuritis in adults and children ... multiple sclerosis after childhood optic neuritis issue 5 ref ref cite journal last Lana Peixoto first MA coauthors Andrade, GC title The clinical profile of childhood optic neuritis journal ... S0004 282X2001000300001 ref Other remarkable differences between the presentation of adult optic ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Optic radiation Latin radiatio optica GraySubject GrayPage Image ERP optic cabling.jpg Caption Colour coded diagram showing radiations in quadrants from retinal disc through the brain Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType ancil BrainInfoNumber 529 MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre r 01 DorlandsSuf 12686139 The optic radiation also known as the geniculo calcarine tract or as the geniculostriate pathway is a collection of axon s from relay neuron s in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus carrying visual information to the visual cortex also called striate cortex along the calcarine fissure . There is one such tract on each side of the Human brain brain . Parts A distinctive feature of the optic radiations is that they split into two parts on each side class wikitable Source Path Information Damage Fibers from the inferior retina also called Meyer s loop or Archambault s loop must pass through the temporal lobe by looping around the Lateral ventricles inferior horn of the lateral ventricle . Carry information from the superior part of the visual field A lesion in the temporal lobe that results in damage to Meyer s loop causes a characteristic loss of Visual perception vision in a superior quadrant quadrantanopia . Fibers from the superior retina also called Baum s loop travel straight back through the parietal lobe to the occipital lobe in the internal capsule retrolenticular limb of the internal capsule to the visual cortex. Carry information from the inferior part of the visual field Taking the shorter path, these fibers are less .... Image Gray746.png Diagram of the tracts in the internal capsule. Image ERP optic cabling.jpg 3D schematic representation of optic tracts gallery External links eMedicineDictionary Optic radiation cite ... s Loop of the Optic Radiation journal Am J Neuroradiology volume 25 pages 677 691 date 1 May 2004 ... Optic Radiation Category Visual system Category Central nervous system neuroscience stub fr ... more details
Infobox Embryology Name PAGENAME Latin vesicula optica vesicula ophthalmica GraySubject 224 GrayPage 1001 Image Gray863.png Caption Transverse section of head of chick embryo of forty eight hours incubation. Optic vesicle labeled at lower right. Image2 Gray977.png Caption2 Human embryo about fifteen days old. Brain and heart represented from right side. Digestive tube and yolk sac in median section. Optic vesicle labeled at center top. System CarnegieStage 11 Precursor GivesRiseTo MeshName MeshNumber Code Terminologia Embryologica TE E5.14.3.4.2.2.4 The Human eyes eyes begin to develop as a pair of diverticula from the lateral aspects of the forebrain . These diverticula make their appearance before the closure of the anterior end of the neural tube after the closure of the tube they are known as the optic vesicles . They project toward the sides of the head, and the peripheral part of each expands to form a hollow bulb, while the proximal part remains narrow and constitutes the optic stalk . Additional images gallery Image Gray460.png Head of chick embryo of about thirty eight hours incubation, viewed from the ventral surface. X 26 gallery External links EmbryologyUNC eye 012 http www.vision.ca eye o.cup.l.vesicle.html Overview at vision.ca http isc.temple.edu neuroanatomy lab embryo eye2.htm Overview at temple.edu eye stub Gray s Development of eye and ear Category Embryology of nervous system Category Eye ja ... more details
one source date May 2011 Infobox disease Name Ischemic optic neuropathy Image Alt Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 H 47 0 h 46 ICD9 ICD9 377.41 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D018917 Ischemic optic neuropathy ION is the loss of structure and function of a portion of the optic nerve due to obstruction of blood flow to the nerve i.e. ischemia . ION is typically classified as either anterior ischemic optic neuropathy or posterior ischemic optic neuropathy according to the part of the optic nerve that is affected. See also Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy References Dictionary of Eye Terminology , Triad Publishing Company, 1990. disease stub Eye pathology Category Disorders of optic nerve and visual pathways ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Optic nerve glioma Image Optic glioma.jpg Caption Magnetic resonance image of a large retrobulbar optic nerve tumor causing massive proptosis. DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 C 72 3 c 69 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus 001024 eMedicineSubj radio eMedicineTopic 486 MeshName Optic Nerve Glioma MeshNumber C04.557.465.625.600.380.080.667 Optic nerve glioma or optic glioma , a form of glioma which affects the optic nerve , is often one of the Neurofibromatosis 1 Central nervous system manifestations central nervous system manifestations of Neurofibromatosis 1 . External links Chorus 00724 Central nervous system tumors Category Neurological disorders disease stub pl Glejak nerwu wzrokowego ... more details
The optic cup is the white, cup like area in the center of the optic disc . ref name pmid4066212 cite journal author Algazi VR, Keltner JL, Johnson CA title Computer analysis of the optic cup in glaucoma journal Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. volume 26 issue 12 pages 1759 70 year 1985 month December pmid 4066212 doi url http www.iovs.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 4066212 ref The ratio of the size of the optic cup to the optic disc or cup to disc ratio is measured to diagnose glaucoma . References reflist Eye anatomy Category Eye anatomy Eye Category Sensory organs Category Visual system eye stub ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 An optic disc pit is a congenital excavation or regional depression of the optic nerve head resulting from a malformation during development of the eye. Optic pits are important ... . Introduction Optic disc pits were first described in 1882 as dark gray depressions in the optic ... in size e.g. some can be minuscule while others may be large enough as to occupy most of optic disc surface . Optic pits are associated with other abnormalities of the optic nerve including large optic nerve head size, large inferior colobomas of the optic disc, and colobomas of the retina . The optic disc originates from the optic cup when the optic vesicle invaginates and forms an embryonic fissure or groove . Optic disc pits may develop due to failure of the superior end of the embryonic fissure to close completely. Occurrence Optic pits occur equally between men and women. They are seen in roughly 1 in 10,000 eyes, and approximately 85 of optic pits are found to be unilateral i.e. in only ... Anatomical directions lateral one half of the optic disc. Another 20 are found centrally, while ... dominant pattern of inheritance in some families. Therefore, a family history of optic disc pits may be a possible risk factor. Signs and symptoms Many times, an optic pit is asymptomatic and is just ... optic pits are associated with these disorders and are even speculated to be the actual cause of these disorders when they arise in patients with optic pits see Associated Retinal Changes below for a more ... Optic disc pits should be diagnosed by an eye care professional who can perform a thorough exam of the back ... would have findings similar to that depicted in Figure 1. In a patient with an optic pit, the eye ... nerve fiber layer in the quadrant corresponding to the optic pit. This is not yet in standard use for diagnosis of an optic pit, but may be helpful in supporting a diagnosis. Image with unknown copyright status removed Image Optic pit.jpg thumbnail Figure 2. Optic disc pit. Treatment Optic ... more details
An electro optic effect is a change in the optical properties of a material in response to an electric field that varies slowly compared with the frequency of light. The term encompasses a number of distinct phenomena, which can be subdivided into a change of the Absorption optics absorption Electroabsorption general change of the absorption constants Franz Keldysh effect change in the absorption shown in some bulk semiconductors Quantum confined Stark effect change in the absorption in some semiconductor ... or linear electro optic effect change in the refractive index linearly proportional to the electric ... Kerr effect or quadratic electro optic effect, QEO effect change in the refractive index proportional ... optic effect allowing also electric fields oscillating at optical frequencies, one could also ... and photoconductivity , the electro optic effect gives rise to the photorefractive effect . The term electro optic is often erroneously used as a synonym for optoelectronic . Main applications Electro optic modulators main Electro optic modulator Electro optic modulator s are usually built with electro optic crystals exhibiting the Pockels effect. The transmitted beam is Phase modulation ... by putting the electro optic crystal between two linear polarizer s or in one path of a Mach Zehnder ... depending on the crystal configuration. Electro optic deflectors Electro optic deflectors utilize prism optics prisms of electro optic crystals. The index of refraction is changed by the Pockels effect, thus changing the direction of propagation of the beam inside the prism. Electro optic deflectors ... commercial models available at this time. This is because of competing Acousto optic effect acousto optic deflectors, the small number of resolvable spots and the relatively high price of electro optic crystals. References FS1037C MS188 External links http www.advr inc.com research.html AdvR Electro optic Devices & Research Category Nonlinear optics ca Efecte electro ptic de Elektrooptischer Effekt ... more details
Infobox comic book title Wikipedia WikiProject Comics title Optic Nerve image filename format only imagesize default 250 caption schedule irregular ongoing Y genre Alternative comics publisher Drawn and Quarterly startmo startyr 1995 endmo endyr issues issn creators Adrian Tomine subcat altcat sort Optic Nerve addpubcat nonUS N Deleted image removed Image Opticnerve6.22.jpg thumb right Interior page from Optic Nerve 6 February 1999 . deletable image caption 1 Sunday, 15 February 2009 Optic Nerve is a comic book series by cartoonist Adrian Tomine . Originally self published by Tomine in 1991 as a series of minicomic mini comics which have later been collected in a single volume, 32 Stories , the series has been published by Drawn and Quarterly since 1995. Tomine s style and subject matter are restrained and realistic. Many are set in Northern California . Many of his stories for Optic Nerve feature Asian American characters, including Hawaiian Getaway, Six Day Cold, and Layover. Adrian Tomine is Asian American and lives in Berkeley, California . Many topics of his stories are at least partly autobiographical. In the initial self published issues, as well as the first eight Drawn & Quarterly issues 1995 2001 , Optic Nerve was typically a collection of short stories. After an extended hiatus, Tomine resumed the comic in fall of 2004 and began his first multi issue storyline with 9. The most recent issue, 12, was published in September 2011. Collected editions 32 Stories The Complete Optic Nerve Mini Comics 1995, collects original mini comics, ISBN 1 896597 00 9 Sleepwalk and Other Stories 1998, collects Optic Nerve 1 4, ISBN 1 896597 12 2 Summer Blonde 2002, collects Optic Nerve 5 8, SC ISBN 1 896597 57 2, HC ISBN 1 896597 49 1 Shortcomings graphic novel Shortcomings 2007, collects Optic Nerve 9 11, HC ISBN 1 897299 16 8 Drawn and Quarterly Category 1995 comic debuts Category Drawn and Quarterly titles Category Comics by Adrian Tomine comics stub ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Kjer& 39 s optic neuropathy Image Caption DiseasesDB 34452 ICD10 ICD9 ICD9 377.16 ... October 2009 Dominant optic atrophy , or dominant optic atrophy, Kjer s type, is an autosomal ly inherited disease that affects the optic nerve s, causing reduced visual acuity and blindness beginning in childhood. This condition is due to mitochondrial dysfunction mediating the death of optic nerve fibers. Dominant optic atrophy was first described clinically by Batten in 1896 and named Kjer s optic .... ref Kjer, P. Infantile Optic Atrophy with Dominant Mode of Inheritance. Copenhagen Bogtrykkeriet Forum pub. 1959. ref Although dominant optic atrophy is the most common autosomally inherited optic neuropathy i.e., disease of the optic nerves aside from glaucoma , it is often misdiagnosed. Synonyms Dominant optic atrophy is also known as autosomal dominant optic atrophy, Kjer type Kjer optic atrophy or, Kjer s autosomal dominant optic atrophy. Clinical presentation Dominant optic atrophy usually ... on examination is temporal pallor indicating atrophy of the optic disc and in its end stage, excavation of the optic disc, as is also seen in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy and normal tension glaucoma . Because the onset of Dominant optic atrophy is insidious, symptoms are often not noticed by the patients ... of age has been reported. In some cases, Dominant optic atrophy may remain subclinical until early adulthood. Progression of dominant optic atrophy varies even within the same family. Some have mild ... optic atrophy has been estimated to be 1 50000 with prevalence as high as 1 10000 in the Danish population Votruba, 1998 . Dominant optic atrophy is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. That is, a heterozygous ... even within the same family. Pathophysiology Vision loss in Dominant optic atrophy is due to optic nerve fiber loss from mitochondria dysfunction. Dominant optic atrophy is associated with mutation of the OPA1 ... causing optic atrophy OPA2 x linked , OPA3 dominant , OPA4 dominant , OPA5 dominant and OPA6 recessive ... more details
Infobox Embryology Name PAGENAME Latin cupula optica caliculus ophthalmicus GraySubject 224 GrayPage 1001 Image Gray863.png Caption Transverse section of head of chick embryo of forty eight hours incubation. Margin of optic cup labeled at upper right. Image2 Gray865.png Caption2 Optic cup and choroidal fissure seen from below, from a human embryo of about four weeks. Edge of optic cup labeled at upper right. System Days 36 CarnegieStage 13 Precursor optic vesicles GivesRiseTo MeshName MeshNumber Code Terminologia Embryologica TE E5.14.3.4.2.2.7 During embryonic development of the eye, the outer wall of the bulb of the optic vesicles becomes thickened and invaginated, and the bulb is thus converted into a cup, the optic cup or ophthalmic cup , consisting of two strata of cells . These two strata are continuous with each other at the cup margin, which ultimately overlaps the front of the lens anatomy lens and reaches as far forward as the future aperture of the pupil . External links http isc.temple.edu neuroanatomy lab embryo new eye 3 Overview at temple.edu http www.vision.ca eye o.cup.l.vesicle.html Overview at vision.ca eye stub Gray s Development of eye and ear Category Embryology of nervous system Category Eye ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 Hybrid fibre optic is term used to describe the connection used by some television studio and field production video cameras that combine all video, audio, data, control, power, and other signals onto two single mode optical fiber optical fibre s and a few copper conductors in one jacket, allowing one cable to provide all the necessary signals a camera needs for the television production environment. Tech stub DEFAULTSORT Hybrid Fibre Optic Category Fiber optic communications ... more details
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