Oppau may refer to Ludwigshafen Oppau , a suburb of Ludwigshafen , Germany the Oppau explosion which occurred there in 1921 until 1945, Opawa, Lower Silesian Voivodeship , Poland until 1945, a part of Beneschau , now as Z b eh part of Doln Bene ov , Czech Republic See also Opava disambiguation Opawa disambiguation geodis Category German toponyms Category German exonyms Category Slavic toponyms Category Slavic loanwords de Oppau ... more details
Image Oppau Explosion 1921.JPG thumb right 250px Caption from Popular Mechanics Magazine 1921 The Oppau explosion occurred on September 21, 1921 when a storage silo tower silo storing 4,500 metric tonne tonnes of a mixture of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate fertilizer exploded at a BASF plant in Oppau , now part of Ludwigshafen , Germany , killing 500&ndash 600 people and injuring about 2,000 more. some sources say 561 dead, 1,952 injured, other 565 dead, over 2,000 injured The plant began producing ammonium sulfate in 1911, but during World War I when Germany was unable to obtain the necessary sulfur , it began to produce ammonium nitrate as well. Ammonia could be produced without overseas resources, using the Haber process . Compared to ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate is strongly hygroscopic , so the mixture of ammonium sulfate and nitrate clogged together under the pressure of its own weight, turning it into a plaster like substance in the 20 m high silo. The workers needed to use pickaxe s to get it out, a problematic situation because they could not enter the silo and risk being buried in collapsing fertilizer. To ease their work, small charges of dynamite were used to loosen the mixture. The procedure was tried experimentally and was considered safe it was not known ... even farther away. In Heidelberg 30 km from Oppau , traffic was stopped by the mass of broken glass on the streets. About 80 percent of all buildings in Oppau were destroyed, leaving 6,500 homeless ... The Oppau Disaster journal The Outlook New York The Outlook volume 129 issue pages 162 id url http ... The Devastation Caused By Explosion In Dye Works At Oppau, Germany journal The Outlook New York The Outlook ... 2009 07 30 quote Refend External links http www.bufata chemie.de reader ig farben pics 1 4 3 01 oppau big.jpg Photo of the Oppau explosion http www.kalenderblatt.de index.php?what thmanu&manu id 1021 ... and explosions Category BASF de Explosion des Oppauer Stickstoffwerkes fr Explosion d Oppau ja ... more details
Infobox military conflict conflict Ludwigshafen and Oppau WWII bombings partof Campaigns of World War II Strategic bombing campaign in Europe Strategic bombing campaign in Europe image File Grey Bus Friedrichshafen.JPG 300px caption Zeppelin Museum Friedrichshafen date 1944 1945 place Ludwigshafen , Oppau result combatant1 flagicon United States 1912 United States Army Air Forces USAAF br flagicon United Kingdom RAF Bomber Command combatant2 flagicon Nazi Germany Luftwaffe commander1 Carl Spaatz br Sir Arthur Harris, 1st Baronet Arthur Harris commander2 strength1 strength2 casualties1 casualties2 The bombing of Ludwigshafen and Oppau in World War II attacked several strategic targets in the area, including targets of the Oil Campaign of World War II . Ludwigshafen oil plants were managed by Dr. Wurster of the Ludwigshafen Military Government, and their chief function was to improve gasoline quality by dehydrogenation using the DHD process. Ludwigshafen also refined 30 50 tons day of crude oil...brought in from Br cksel, near Karlsruhe...to products including lube oils. About 2.5 miles away from Ludwigshafen, an Oppau explosion Oppau plant produced fertizer and up to 800 T day nitrogen as ammonia and a considerable part of this was exported as liquid ammonia to Hochst, Wolfen and Bittefeld. A separate Oppau plant produced up to 60 T day of Urea . Dr. Gogel was head of the high pressure department at Oppau. After visiting the Ludwigshafen and Oppau factories from March 25 31 and 27 30 May, in August 1946, a post war team published the Report On Investigations by Fuels and Lubricants Teams At The I.G. Farbenindustrie, A. G., Works, Ludwigshafen and Oppau . http www.fischer tropsch.org Bureau of Mines info circ ic 7375 ic 7375.htm cellspacing 0 cellpadding 2 border 1 align center style border collapse collapse text align left colspan 6 bgcolor silver Ludwigshafen and Oppau ... 12px Mission 601 325 of 345 B 17s bombed the Ludwigshafen Oppau Opau synthetic oil plant . sort ... more details
otherplaces3 Opawa Infobox Settlement name Opawa settlement type Village image skyline Opawa, ko ci pw. w. Jadwigi 1.jpg image flag image shield image map subdivision type Countries of the world Country subdivision name POL subdivision type1 Voivodeships of Poland Voivodeship subdivision name1 Lower Silesian Voivodeship Lower Silesian subdivision type2 Powiat County subdivision name2 Kamienna G ra County Kamienna G ra subdivision type3 Gmina subdivision name3 Gmina Lubawka Lubawka latd latm lats latNS longd longm longs longEW elevation m population total website Opawa IPAc pl o p a w a lang de Oppau is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lubawka , within Kamienna G ra County , Lower Silesian Voivodeship , in south western Poland. Prior to 1945 it was in Germany . gallery Image Opawa.jpg Opawa latem Image Opawa kosciol.jpg Church in Opawa gallery External links Gmina Lubawka coord 50.7006 N 15.8939 E source kolossus dewiki display title Category Villages in Kamienna G ra County Opawa KamiennaG ra geo stub de Opawa Lubawka nl Opawa Neder Silezi pl Opawa wojew dztwo dolno l skie ... more details
suburbs of Ludwigshafen were founded, for example Oggersheim , Maudach , Oppau and Mundenheim ... back by the Oppau explosion worst explosion ever in a German industrial complex when, in 1921, a BASF .... Thus Oggersheim, Oppau, Edigheim , Rheing nheim and Maudach became suburbs of Ludwigshafen and raised ... Bombing of Ludwigshafen and Oppau in World War II bombing of Ludwigshafen and Oppau . Thirteen thousand ... in Friesenheim. Its western district, the Froschlache , boasts four impressive tower blocks. Oppau gallery Image Ludwigshafen Oppau.png position Image Ludwigshafen Oppau katholische Kirche.jpg catholic church Image Ludwigshafen Oppau BASF Parkplatz.jpg BASF Bicycles Image Ludwigshafen Oppau Gedenkstaette 1921.jpg 1921 Memorial gallery Oppau ca. 10,000 inhabitants in the North is dominated by the nearby ... street gallery Edigheim ca. 9,000 inhabitants had once been a part of Oppau in the South, today ist almost as large as Oppau. The Pfingstweide ca. 6,000 inhabitants is Ludwigshafen s northernmost ..., but also the Schillerhaus Oggersheim, K.O. Braun Museum in Oppau or the Frankenthaler Kanal Museum ..., Alwin Mittasch Platz and Friesenpark in Friesenheim, Stadtpark Oppau, B rgerpark Pfingstweide ... more details
Counter proliferation refers to Diplomacy diplomatic , Intelligence information gathering intelligence , and military efforts to combat the proliferation of weapon s, including both conventional weapon s and Weapon of mass destruction weapons of mass destruction . Arms control is a related term. Weapons of mass destruction Weapons of mass destruction Nuclear Main Nuclear weapon Radiological weapon seealso Chernobyl disaster Goi nia accident Biological Main Biological weapon Chemical Main Chemical weapon Industrial accident s, such as the Bhopal disaster , Halifax Explosion , Texas City Disaster , and Oppau explosion have caused mass casualties. seealso Chlorine chloramine phosgene hydrogen cyanide seealso Nerve agent Cholinesterase inhibitor Diisopropyl fluorophosphate seealso Chemical Weapons Convention Materials MASINT Weapons delivery Missile technology Long range missile technology is of greatest threat when the missiles carry weapons of mass destruction, but long range weapons with precision guidance can be serious threats with explosive or other conventional warheads. This has been supplemented by the International Code of Conduct against Ballistic Missile Proliferation ICOC , also known as the Hague Code of Conduct. Technical means of verification, including space based sensors that can scan large parts of the world, can provide early warning of long range missile development. Electro optical MASINT Space based Staring Infrared Sensors Space based Staring Infrared Sensors can detect the heat of rocket launching motors. Various radars can monitor range and other characteristics, but they need to be in a place where they have line of sight to the missile trajectory. The United States, probably Russia, and possibly other nations have aircraft based and ship based sensors that can monitor such tests, but there has to be warning of potential tests so these sensors can be deployed. Conventional weapons seealso Expanding bullet Incendiary device Protocol on Blinding ... more details
morefootnotes date July 2010 Infobox scientist name Otto Ambros image Otto Ambros.jpg image size 180px alt Otto Ambros caption At the Nuremberg Trials, taken by the US Army birth date 19 May 1901 birth place Weiden in der Oberpfalz death date Death date and age df y 1990 7 32 1901 5 19 death place Mannheim residence citizenship nationality German fields Organophosphate insecticides and nerve agent chemicals workplaces IG Farben , BASF alma mater University of Munich doctoral advisor academic advisors known for influences influenced awards footnote Otto Ambros 19 May 1901 23 July 1990 was a German chemist, notably involved with the research of chemical nerve agent s. Early life He was the son of a university professor. He went to school and passed his Abitur exam in Munich . In 1920 he went to the University of Munich to study chemistry and agricultural science. In 1925 he gained a doctorate, studying under the 1915 Nobel Prize for Chemistry winner, Richard Willst tter who discovered the structure of the plant pigment chlorophyll . Career From 1926 he worked at BASF at Ludwigshafen where the Oppau explosion had taken place in 1921 . In 1930 he spent a year studying in the Far East. From 1934 he worked with IG Farben . In 1935 he became head of their plant at Schkopau . He worked for the part of IG Farben that developed chemical warfare chemicals, such as nerve agents, with his team discovering sarin in 1938 and soman in 1944 , both nerve agent chemicals. He was an advisor to Carl Krauch , a company executive. He became plant manager of the factories at Dyhernfurth , that produced sarin and soman, and at Gendorf , that produced mustard gas , a skin irritant. In 1944 he was awarded the War Merit Cross Knight s Cross of War Merit Cross . He was an expert on Tabun nerve agent tabun , an extremely lethal chemical. Arrest Ambros was arrested by the US Army in 1946. He had tested poisons and chemicals on concentration camp inmates, and had overseen the IG rubber plant at Au ... more details
promotion to the 2nd Oberliga S dwest . The founder members were BSC Oppau VfR Friesenheim FSV Schifferstadt ... width 200 Club 1952 53 BSC Oppau 1953 54 SpVgg Weisenau 1954 55 FC Sobernheim 1955 56 Normannia ... more details
Heinrich Ludwig Hermann Krekeler 20 July 1906 Bottrop 5 August 2003 Bad Salzuflen was a German chemist, politician, and ambassador. ref cite web url http www.timesonline.co.uk tol comment obituaries article884788.ece title Lives in Brief publisher The Times date 2003 08 26 accessdate 2011 09 19 ref Life After completion of primary school and secondary school, he studied at the University of Freiburg , University of Munich , and University of G ttingen . In 1930, he received his doctorate, PhD from the University of Berlin . ref cite web url http www.aip.org history ohilist 5036.html title Oral History Transcript Dr. Heinz Krekeler publisher American Institute of Physics date accessdate 2011 09 19 ref Then he worked as a chemist, in Berlin from 1934 to 1945, and was employee of IG Farben , Ludwigshafen Oppau . On 4 December 1931, he applied for a U.S. patent 1,863,661 for the production of fluorine by the so called fluorine electrolysis process. That application was upheld on 21 June 1932. From 1945, he was co owner of Eilers and Sch nemann Verlag, Bremen mbH. As co founder and member of the Free Democratic Party Free Democratic Party Germany FDP , he helped to build a district association in Schotmar. Heinz Krekeler brought together along with the newspaper publisher Max Staercke of Detmold from the existing two district organizations and founded on 6 September 1946 the National Committee of the FDP. After the inclusion of the independent provincial in the state of North Rhine Westphalia on 21 January 1947 were brought together under his chairmanship, the two country groups, Minden and Principality of Lippe Lippe . He was an honorary officer of the economic administration of the French occupation zone in the Economics Ministry in Koblenz, and the State Secretariat for Economic Affairs in Freiburg, and the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs in T bingen U.S. zone of occupation . From 1946 to 1947, he was a member of the Parliament of Lippe, and in 1946 a mem ... more details
a new production plant in Oppau, adding fertilizer s to its product range. BASF also acquired and began ... the First World War. On September 21, 1921, an explosion occurred in Oppau , killing 565 people. The Oppau ... more details
Oppau explosion in Germany . Occurred when a storage silo tower silo storing 4,500 metric tonne ... in Ludwigshafen OppauOppau , now part of Ludwigshafen , Germany , killing 500&ndash 600 people and injuring ... more details
, A. G., Works, Ludwigshafen and Oppau url http www.fischer tropsch.org Bureau of Mines info circ ... Blechhammer, which? Ludwigshafen Oppau, ref name Schroeder O wi cim . class wikitable style text align ... more details
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