In linguistic typology , a nullsubjectlanguage is a language whose grammar permits an independent clause to lack an explicit subject grammar subject . Such a clause is then said to have a nullsubject . Typically, nullsubject languages express Grammatical person person , Grammatical number number ... part are nullsubject languages, from a wide diversity of unrelated language family language families ... awkward or unnatural. Most Bantu language s are nullsubject. For example, in Luganda Ganda , I ... a nullsubjectlanguage, as demonstrated by the following example Arabic text br ... other nullsubject languages are topic prominent language s some of these languages require an expressed ... can t decide whether or not to buy it . Spanish language The nullsubject also occurs in Spanish. Examples ..., which is usually related to nullsubject or non nullsubject status. DEFAULTSORT NullSubjectLanguage ..., rendering a subject noun phrase redundant. In the principles and parameters framework, the nullsubject is controlled by the pro drop parameter , which is either on or off for a particular language. For example, in Italian language Italian the subject she can be either explicit or implicit ... language French , on the other hand, require an explicit subject in this sentence. PLEASE DISCUSS ON TALK ... theory of syntax , the term nullsubject refers to an empty category . The empty category in question ... subject pronouns, but also object grammar object pronouns. While pro drop languages are nullsubject languages, not all nullsubject languages are pro drop. In nullsubject languages that have verb inflection ... illustrate, in many nullsubject languages, personal pronoun s exist and can be used for emphasis ... literal translation of Cogito ergo sum . The stated examples are hence not a case of nullsubject. Tamil ... cansada She is tired. In Spanish, sentences with a nullsubject are used more frequently than sentences ... to school. Want an apple. Null subjects in non nullsubject languages Other languages sometimes called ... more details
or filler Null device , a special computer file that discards all data written to it Null modem , a specially wired serial communications cable Null object pattern , a software design pattern using an object with defined neutral behavior Null pointer sometimes written code NULL code , used in computer programming for an uninitialized, undefined, empty, or meaningless value Null string , the unique string of length zero in computer science and formal language theory Null terminated string , a character string of which the length is determined by the first null character in programming language ...Wiktionary Null may refer to In computing Null SQL , a special marker and keyword in SQL Null character ... which allows a data type to be set to the special value NULL In art KK Null , a Japanese musician Null, an identity of the character List of recurring Metal Gear characters Gray Fox Gray Fox in the Metal Gear Solid Portable Ops video game Null, man eating sentients in the Downs Lord Triptich books by John Whitbourn Null, the Living Darkness , a Marvel Comics character Nulls, worm like remains of defeated characters in the animated program ReBoot In mathematics Null mathematics , a zero value in several branches of mathematics Null set , a set that is negligible in some sense Also an older term for the empty set In science Null allele genetics Null cipher , a ciphertext symbol Null hypothesis , a concept in statistical hypothesis testing Null morpheme , a concept in linguistics Null radio , a concept in electromagnetism Null result , the absence of a hypothesized effect in the outcome of a scientific experiment causal structure Tangent vectors Null vectors or curves in the causal structure of a Lorentzian manifold such as a Minkowski space time People Christopher Null , American film critic Eduard van der N ll , Austrian architect Gary Null , American radio host and author on alternative medicine Keith Null , American football player KK Null , Japanese experimental multi instrumentalist ... more details
Wiktionary subjectSubject Latin subiectus lying beneath may refer to Philosophy Hypokeimenon or subiectum , in metaphysics, the essential being of a thing Subject philosophy , a being that has subjective experiences, subjective consciousness, or a relationship with another entity Subject object problem , the issue of how actors or observers relate to things that are observed or acted upon Subject object based metaphysics , a term for the dominant view of metaphysics in Western philosophy Grammar in general use, any topic currently under consideration, see subject matter Subject grammar , who or what the sentence is about Subject case or nominative case, the grammatical case for a noun Subject term or index term, descriptor of a document used in bibliographic records Course education , a unit of academic instruction Research subject , an entity observed for purposes of research in computing Subjects programming , core elements in the subject oriented programming paradigm Subject access control Subject, an element in the Resource Description Framework in music theory, the first melodic fragment of a fugue The team with the most points get to move on to the next round People A subject is an individual subjected to the rule by an elite, see feudalism subjects in medieval feudalism, see Commoners subjects in modern constitutional monarchies, such as the United Kingdom, see British subject Library and Information Science Subject documents subject classification subject indexing subject searching Others Subject as a title or proper noun Subject album Subject album a 2003 album by Dwele See also Subject matter disambiguation Subjective disambiguation Disambig af Onderwerp cs Subjekt da Subjekt de Subjekt et Subjekt es Sujeto fa fr Sujet it Soggetto lt Subjektas nl Onderwerp ja no Subjekt ru sq Subjekti sk Subjekt fi Subjekti sv Subjekt uk ... more details
Null in database theory . Null is a special marker used in SQL Structured Query Language SQL to indicate ... Null is passed. Data Manipulation Language SQL three valued logic is encountered in Data Manipulation ... strings may be incorrectly stored as NULL. Criticisms The ISO SQL implementation of Null is the subject ... relational database model, Edgar F. Codd E. F. Codd , SQL Null serves to fulfill the requirement ... Greek omega symbol to represent Null in database theory . code NULL code is also an SQL reserved word reserved keyword used to identify the Null special marker. Null has been the focus of controversy ... into the relational model of databases. History Null was introduced by E. F. Codd as a method ... that all RDBMS support Null to indicate missing data in a two part series published in ComputerWorld ... tied to the concept of Null. The Unknown truth value is generated whenever Null is compared with any data value, or with another Null. Codd indicated in his 1990 book The Relational Model for Database Management, Version 2 that the single Null mandated by the SQL standard was inadequate, and should be replaced by two separate Null type markers to indicate the reason why data is missing. These two Null type markers are commonly referred to as A Values and I Values , representing Missing But Applicable ..., the idea of multiple Null type values has not gained widespread acceptance. Three valued logic 3VL Since Null is not a member of any data domain , it is not considered a value , but rather a marker or placeholder indicating the undefined value absence of value . Because of this, comparisons with Null ... to Null, is Unknown source lang sql SELECT 10 NULL Results in Unknown source However, certain operations on Null can return values if the value of Null is not relevant to the outcome of the operation ... circuited form source lang sql SELECT TRUE OR NULL Results in True source In this case, the fact ... with Null, so the SQL standard provides for two special Null specific comparison predicates. The code ... more details
Other uses Null disambiguation In mathematics , the word null from German language German null , which is from Latin nullus , both meaning zero , or none ref name oed cite journal title null journal The Oxford English Dictionary , Draft Revision March 2004 url http dictionary.oed.com year 2004 accessdate 2007 04 05 ref means of or related to having Empty set zero members in a set or a value of zero . Sometimes the symbol is used to distinguish null from 0 . In a norm mathematics normed vector space the null vector vector space null vector is the zero vector in a norm mathematics seminormed vector space such as Minkowski space Causal structure Minkowski space , null vectors are, in general, non zero. In set theory , the empty set null set is the set with zero elements and in measure theory , a null set is a set with zero measure. A function mathematics mathematical mapping is said to be null potent or nilpotent if repeated application can map the whole domain into the null element. A null space of a mapping is the part of the domain that is mapped into the null element of the image the inverse image of the null element . In statistics , a null hypothesis is a proposition presumed true unless statistical evidence indicates otherwise. References references Category Mathematical objects Category Nothing ... more details
Other uses Null symbol disambiguation Null symbol In mathematics, the null sign , math varnothing math , denotes the empty set . It is derived from the Danish language Danish and Norwegian language Norwegian letter . Category Mathematical symbols ... more details
In Unix like operating system s, tt dev null tt or the null device is a special file that discards all data written to it but reports that the write operation succeeded and provides no data to any process computing process that reads from it yielding end of file EOF immediately . ref name uxman http www.opengroup.org onlinepubs 000095399 basedefs xbd chap10.html Single Unix Specification Section 10.1 ref In programmer jargon , especially Unix jargon, it may also be called the bit bucket ref http catb.org esr jargon html B bit bucket.html Jargon file entry for bit bucket ref or Black hole networking black hole . Usage The null device is typically used for disposing of unwanted input output output ... input streams. This is usually done by Redirection computing redirection . tt dev null tt is a special ... M , DOS and Microsoft Windows Windows , the tt Device Null tt or tt NUL tt of Windows NT and its successors ... , the equivalent is null. References in computer culture This entity is a common inspiration for technical ... null tt , my mail got archived in tt dev null tt , and redirect to tt dev null tt being jocular ways ... uses the phrase send donations to dev null, meaning they do not accept donations. The fictitious person name Dave or Devin Null is sometimes similarly used e.g., send complaints to Dave Null . cn date September 2011 The null device is also a favorite subject of technical jokes, such as warning users that the system s tt dev null tt is already 98 full. The April Fool s , 1995 issue of the Germany German magazine c t reported on an enhanced tt dev null tt integrated circuit chip that would efficiently ... memory References Reflist nulls DEFAULTSORT Dev Null Category Unix Category Device file Category Nothing Category File system directories ar dev null ca dev null de dev null es dev null fr dev null it dev null hu dev null nl dev null ja dev null nn dev null pl dev null pt dev null ru dev null simple dev null sk dev null sl dev null fi dev null sv dev null tr dev null zh dev null ... more details
linguistics Morpheme based morphology morpheme based morphology , a null morpheme is a morpheme that is realized by a Phonology phonologically null affix an empty string of phonological segments . In simpler terms, a null morpheme is an invisible affix. It is also called a zero morpheme the process of adding a null morpheme is called null affixation , null derivation or zero derivation . The concept ... date December 2008 object to the notion of a null morpheme, arguing that it sets up an unverifiable distinction between a null or zero element, and nothing at all. The null morpheme is represented as either the figure zero 0 or the empty set symbol . Examples in English language English include Hiatus linguistics hiatus and co operation. The existence of a null morpheme in a word can also be theorized ... number of English noun s is shown by a null morpheme that contrasts with the plural morpheme ... where a null morpheme indicates plurality in nouns that take on irregular plurals. sheep sheep ROOT sheep SINGULAR sheep sheep ROOT sheep PLURAL Also, a null morpheme marks the present tense ... runs run s ROOT run PRESENT 3rd SINGULAR According to some linguists view, it is also a null morpheme that turns some English adjective s into verbs of the kind of to clean, to slow, to warm . Null ... in analytic language s such as English. In language s that show the above distinctions, it is quite common to employ null affixation not to mark singular number, present tense and third persons English is unusual in its marking of the third person singular with a non zero morpheme, by contrast with a null morpheme for others . It is also frequent to find null affixation for the least markedness marked grammatical case case s the nominative case in nominative accusative language s, and the absolutive case in ergative absolutive language s . In most languages of the world it is the affixes that are realized as null morphemes. But in some cases Root linguistics roots may also be realized as these. For instance ... more details
Other uses Null symbol disambiguation Null symbol The null character also null terminator , abbreviated ... Interchange section 5.2 quote NUL Null The all zeros character which may serve to accomplish time ... page 4.4 quote Position 0 0, Name Null, Abbreviation Nul ref It is present in many character set s, including ... Set or Unicode , and EBCDIC . It is available in nearly all mainstream programming language s. ref A byte with all bits set to 0, called the null character , shall exist in the basic execution character ... output devices, one or more null characters were sent at the end of each printed line to allow ... tape is initially filled with null characters, and often text could be inserted at a reserved space of null characters by punching the new characters into the tape over the nulls. Today the character has much more significance in C programming language C and its derivatives and in many data formats ... , ref A string is a contiguous sequence of characters terminated by and including the first null character ANSI ISO 9899 1990 the ANSI C standard , section 7.1.1 ref often called a null terminated string or ASCIIZ string. ref A null terminated byte string , or NTBS , is a character sequence whose highest addressed element with defined content has the value zero the terminating null character ... under null terminated string . Representation The null character is often represented as the escape ... representation code u0000 code , or code z code . A null character can be placed in a URL with code ... as null byte injection and can lead to security exploits. ref http projects.webappsec.org Null Byte Injection Null Byte Injection WASC Threat Classification Null Byte Attack section. ref In caret notation the null character is code code . On some keyboards, one can enter a null character by holding ... another key such as keypress 2 or keypress P . It is also common to be able to type a null ... the null character is sometimes represented as a single em typography em width symbol containing ... more details
infobox Book See Wikipedia WikiProject Novels or Wikipedia WikiProject Books name The Players of Null A title orig translator image image caption author A. E. van Vogt illustrator cover artist country United States language English language English series genre Science fiction novel publisher release date english release date media type pages isbn preceded by The World of Null A followed by Null A Three The Players of Null A , usually written The Players of , is a 1956 in literature 1956 science fiction novel by A. E. van Vogt originally published as a four part serial in Astounding Stories from October 1948 to January 1949 this leads to the mistaken idea that the book was published in 1948 due to the copyright notice . It incorporates concepts from the General semantics of Alfred Korzybski and refers to non Aristotelian logic . It was published in the UK under the name The Pawns of Null A . The novel is a continuation of the story of Gilbert Gosseyn from The World of Null A expanding on the galactic events which drove the interplanetary events of the earlier story. DEFAULTSORT Players of Null A Category 1956 novels Category General semantics Category Novels by A. E. van Vogt Category Sequel novels 1950s sf novel stub fr Les Joueurs du it Le pedine del Non A ro Juc torii non A ... more details
Infobox book See Wikipedia WikiProject Novels or Wikipedia WikiProject Books name The World of Null A title orig translator image Image World A.jpg 200px image caption Cover of first edition hardcover author A. E. van Vogt illustrator cover artist Leo Manso country United States language English language English series genre Science fiction novel publisher Simon & Schuster release date 1948 english release date media type Print Hardcover & Paperback pages 246 pp isbn NA First edition published prior to ISBN standard preceded by followed by The Players of Null A The World of Null A , sometimes written The World of , is a 1948 in literature 1948 science fiction novel by A. E. van Vogt . It was originally published as a three part serial in Astounding Stories . It incorporates concepts from the General Semantics of Alfred Korzybski and refers to non Aristotelian logic . Plot summary Gilbert Gosseyn, a man living in an apparent utopia where those with superior understanding and mental control ... history The World of Null A appeared originally as a 1945 serial in the magazine Astounding magazine ... was the subject of an extended critical essay by noted author and critic Damon Knight . In Cosmic ... York Review of Science Fiction, March 2000, Number 139, Vol. 12, No.7 ref Sequels The World of Null A was followed by the sequels, The Pawns of Null A also known as The Players of Null A 1956 and Null ... Gosseyn, Null A Continuum , in the style of van Vogt. Related works on Flux 1991 by Peter Chung shares many motifs with The World of Null A . Citation needed date May 2011 References Reflist External links http www.conceptualfiction.com world of null a.html The World of Null A by A.E. van Vogt ... Summaries.html ThreeWorlds The Three Worlds of Null A by Isaac Wilcott Icshi , analyzing the three different publishings of The World of Null A not its sequels DEFAULTSORT World Of Null A Category 1948 ... in serial form de Welt der Null A fr Le Monde des it Non A nl Nul A trilogie ro Lumea non A ... more details
infobox Book See Wikipedia WikiProject Novels or Wikipedia WikiProject Books name Null A Three title orig translator image image caption author A. E. van Vogt illustrator cover artist country United States language English language English series genre Science fiction novel publisher release date english release date media type pages isbn preceded by The Players of Null A followed by Null A Three , usually written Three , is a 1985 science fiction novel by A. E. van Vogt . It incorporates concepts from the General semantics of Alfred Korzybski and refers to non Aristotelian logic . The novel is a continuation of the adventures of Gilbert Gosseyn from the The World of Null A 1945 and The Players of Null A 1948 . Gilbert Gosseyn wakes to find he is Gosseyn Three, in telepathic contract with Gosseyn Two. One of the spare bodies used in his reincarnation machinery was found and forced to life by the approach of an immense space fleet from another galaxy, manned by the primordial ancestors of man, gripped in an eon long war with mutants equally as old. The space fleet is ruled by an unstable youngster who seems to possess many of the same powers, including a double brain, as Gosseyn. Gosseyn must school the youth in Null A sanity, save the Earth from a cabal of gangsters and businessmen who oppose the return of the Games Machine, discover the secret reasons behind the endless horrifying war, and stop the intrigues of Enro the Red to return to power. Many critics regard this as the weakest of the Null A books, and the estate authorized Null A sequel Null A Continuum ignores its events. External links isfdb title id 797 1980s sf novel stub Category 1985 novels Category General semantics Category Novels by A. E. van Vogt fr La Fin du pt Null A Tr s ro Sf r itul non A ... more details
In morpheme based morphology linguistics morphology , a null allomorph or zero allomorph is a special kind of allomorph which has the form of a null morpheme . Because there are contexts in which the underlying representation underlying morpheme still appears in the surface structure , a real null morpheme could be re defined as a morpheme which never occurs in the surface representation of words. The phenomenon itself is known as null allomorphy or total morpheme blocking . ref http 169.229.248.181 dissertations Pycha dissertation 2008.pdf ref English An example of null allomorphy in English is the phrase two fish which can also be two fish es . In addition, the forms of many auxiliary verbs such as do may have null allomorphs, especially in children s language. ref http books.google.com books?id jTZ5Fq6DJSQC&pg PA146&lpg PA146&dq 22null allomorph 22&source bl&ots PCbu xLSuI&sig biTtfkqwPyyQbLIMwBNZaQ1uxiA&hl nl&ei 6lHOSsTEN86Q Abc1b2KAw&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 6 v onepage&q 22null 20allomorph 22&f fals ref German Null allomorphy occurs a lot in the grammar of the German language . The Grammatical number singular form of the dative case of masculine and neuter nouns such as der Mann the man has an optional grammatical suffix e dem Mann e . However, this suffix is somewhat archaic today and is mainly used in written language. In other cases, its null allomorph occurs dem Mann . Dutch Null allomorphs also occur in the Dutch language , be it to a lesser degree than in German. That is, many Dutch compound word s have an interfix s , the use of which is completely optional Dutch people both say doodkist and doodskist coffin , and both spellingprobleem and spellingsprobleem spelling problem ref nl http www.fon.hum.uva.nl FonetischeVereniging Bijeenkomsten NijmegenMPI 090606.html ref . See also Alternation linguistics Morphophonology References references Category Units of linguistic morphology Category Grammar linguistics stub de Nullallomorph nl Nulallomorf ... more details
Expert subject statistics date May 2010 Quite often statements of point null hypotheses appear ...For the periodical Null Hypothesis The Journal of Unlikely Science The practice of science involves formulating ... false using a test of observed data. The null hypothesis typically corresponds to a general or default position. For example, the null hypothesis might be that there is no relationship between two measured phenomena ref cite web url http www.businessdictionary.com definition null hypothesis.html title null hypothesis definition publisher Businessdictionary.com date accessdate 2010 07 29 ref ... cite web url http statistics.berkeley.edu stark SticiGui Text gloss.htm null hypothesis title Glossary ... R. A. Fisher, Design Experience ii. 19, We may speak of this hypothesis as the null hypothesis , and it should be noted that the null hypothesis is never proved or established, but is possibly disproved ... of the null hypothesis it predicts the results from the experiment if the alternative hypothesis .... It is important to understand that the null hypothesis can never be proven . A set of data can only reject a null hypothesis or fail to reject it . For example, if comparison of two groups e.g. treatment ... the null hypothesis in other words, the experiment fails to reject the null hypothesis . ref cite web url http stattrek.com Lesson5 HypothesisTesting.aspx title Can We Accept the Null Hypothesis? publisher ... collecting data and measuring how likely the particular set of data is, assuming the null hypothesis ... the null hypothesis concluding it probably is false. If the data do not contradict the null hypothesis ... evidence against the null hypothesis. As the null hypothesis could be true or false, in this case ... attack. Possible null hypotheses are this drug does not reduce the chances of having a heart attack ... show a statistically significant change in the people receiving the drug, the null hypothesis is rejected. Choice of H sub 0 sub The choice of null hypothesis H sub 0 sub and consideration ... more details
Null symbol may refer to Null character , U 0000 , U 2400 symbol for null , a single character glyph NUL Null sign for the empty set Null SQL in database theory , , or , for the empty string See also Null disambiguation dab ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2007 In statistical hypothesis testing , the null distribution is the probability distribution of the test statistic when the null hypothesis is true. In an F test , the null distribution is an F distribution . DEFAULTSORT Null Distribution Category Statistical inference Category Probability distributions Category Statistical terminology Statistics stub ko ... more details
Image Devnull.gif right Dev Null was an animated virtual reality character created in 1996 by Leo Laporte for MSNBC s computer and technology TV series, The Site . Espresso barista Dev talked with host Soledad O Brien each weeknight in a five minute segment. Laporte was awarded a 1997 Northern California Emmy for his nightly performances as cyber character Dev Null. ref http leoville.com Main Resume Leoville ref Dev was animated in real time on Silicon Graphics computers. Laporte generated both the voice and actions while wearing a VR motion capture suit. When O Brien sat at the espresso bar to read email from viewers, Dev flirted with her while answering her computer questions. She recalled, One of the reasons that segment of the show worked is that I could not see him as I was talking to him, and the segment was unscripted. He was funny, and his jokes were not gags. ref http web.njit.edu ronkowit Soledad soledad96site.htm Soledad 1996 ref While O Brien looked at a piece of tape on the wall indicating Dev s virtual position, the VR suit captured Laporte s actions, and a computer program translated his body movements to create the character, while other human operators controlled facial expressions and accentuated movements of his hair. The control room juxtaposed O Brien and Dev on the same set using a Vision mixer switcher . Laporte recalled arriving at NBC with a 90 page treatment I ll never forget pitching it to NBC at 30 Rock just before Christmas 1995. Then NBC News Director ... of getting on camera, so they stuck me in a VR suit and the character Dev Null was born. I won an Emmy for it, but the only other competition was a sock puppet character on the local Spanish language ... See also dev null is a special file in Unix like operating systems that discards all data written to it Watch http www.youtube.com watch?v HuRPNs3jTJ8 Dev Null and Soledad O Brien on The Site June ... by David Futrelle, Salon , January 24, 1997 Category Animated characters Null, Dev da Dev Null ... more details
In game theory , a null move is a decision by a player to pass that is, not to make a move when it is their turn to move. Even though null moves are against the rules of many games, they are often useful to consider when analyzing these games. Examples of this include the analysis of zugzwang in chess , and the null move heuristic in game tree analysis. Null moves are also an important element in the construction of combinatorial game theory . Category Combinatorial game theory combin stub uk ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 In the theory of relativity , a null surface is a 3 surface whose normal vector is everywhere null zero length with respect to the local Lorentz metric , but the vector is not identically zero. For example, light cone s are null surfaces. References James B. Hartle, Gravity an Introduction To Einstein s General Relativity . DEFAULTSORT Null Surface Category General relativity Relativity stub ... more details
the President of West Germany at that time, stated There was no Stunde Null but we had the chance for a new beginning Es gab keine Stunde Null , aber wir hatten die Chance zu einem Neubeginn. ref http ... restart never occurred in postwar Germany. The term Stunde null implies that the past is over and nothing from former times continues to exist past the Stunde null . Experts in German culture find that this term ... allude to and Stunde null conflicts directly with this idea, necessitating its judicious use. In music An Extended play EP released in 1995 by German techno artist Cosmic Baby was entitled Stunde Null . English band British Sea Power entitled the fourth track Stunde Null from their 2011 LP Valhalla ... Historisches Museum in German Category German language Category History of Germany Category Aftermath of World War II Category German words and phrases Category Battle of Berlin da Stunde Null de Stunde Null ... more details
S Raphh race, and as such has an almost unlimited ability to manipulate the forces of magic. Null normally ... and durability. Null has the ability to manipulate the forces of magic for a wide variety of effects ... concussion blasts. Null is vulnerable to the mystic energies controlled by certain beings, such as the Gargoyle ... Null DEFAULTSORT Null Comics Category Comics characters introduced in 1982 Category Marvel Comics demons ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 File Sidelobes en.svg thumb Yagi Uda antenna polar pattern showing pattern of alternating lobes and nulls In radio electronics , a null is an area or Vector geometry vector in an antenna radio antenna s radiation pattern where the Signalling telecommunication signal cancels out almost entirely. This can be an advantage, as nulls in the horizontal plane can be used to protect other transmitters from Interference communication interference . If not carefully planned however, nulls can unintentionally prevent reception of a signal. Null fill in the vertical plane is used to prevent this. Also, some directional antenna s have very narrow, sharp nulls. These antennas when used for direction finding are aimed away from the signal of interest until the antenna s null is pointed at the signal, and the signal disappears. See also Minkowski space Causal structure Null vector DEFAULTSORT Null Radio Category Antennas radio ... more details
A null cell is a large granular lymphocyte without surface markers or membrane associated proteins from B lymphocytes or T lymphocytes . Natural killer cell s are usually null cells with surface marker CD 16 which bind to the Fc portion of the IgG, and thereby destroy it. NK cells do immune surveillance, attack pathogens and abnormal cells. members of null cells are NK cells, antigen dependent cytotoxic cells ADCC , and the lymphokine activated killer LAK cells. In 75 of the cases of ALL, the lymphocytes are neither B nor T cells and are called Null cells. External links MeshName Null cells Lymphocytes Category Cell anatomy Category Immunology stubs Category Histology cell biology stub ... more details
distinguish identity function empty function In computer science , a null function or null operator is subroutine that returns no data values and leaves the program state unchanged. When it is part of the instruction set of a central processing unit processor , it is called a NOP or NOOP No OPeration . Mathematically, a computer function f is null if and only if its execution leaves the program state s unchanged. That is, a null function is an identity function whose domain mathematics domain and codomain are both the state space S of the program, and for which f s s for all elements s in S . Less rigorous definitions may also be encountered. For example, a function may take a single operand, type conversion transform it into a new data type , and return the result. ref Example of a type conversion function labeled as a null function http www.thinkage.ca english gcos expl nsc lib 0nullf.html NULLF null function. ref While such usages bear a strong visual resemblance to identity functions, they create or alter a binary data value and thus change the program state. From a software maintainability perspective it is better to identify such minor alternations of state explicitly, since calling them null functions provides future maintainers of the code with no insights on their actual purposes. Uses Null functions have several uses. During software development , null functions with the same names and type signature s as a planned functions are often used as method stub stub s that is, as non ... prior to completion of all planned features. Null functions, particularly the NOP variety, are also ... period. A third use of null functions is as the definition of a program feature that, if created inadvertently, is almost always deleterious. Unintended null functions can arise during the development ... structures. A null function or method is often used as the default behavior of a revectorable function or overrideable method in an object framework. Notes references nulls DEFAULTSORT Null Function ... more details
Gary Michael Null born in 1945 is an United States American talk radio host and author on alternative ... and self produced movies, Null has criticized the medical community, promoted a range of alternative ... and AIDS . In 2010, Null reported that he had been poisoned and nearly killed by ingesting one of his own dietary supplements, Gary Null s Ultimate Power Meal . Null sued a contractor involved in producing ... on the label, leading to the hospitalization of Null and six other consumers with hypervitaminosis ... Null was raised in Parkersburg , West Virginia , with his two brothers. He holds an Associate Degree ... last Goetz date March 27, 2004 accessdate June 23, 2011 ref Null s thesis was entitled A Study of Psychological ... of his Ph.D. program were questioned by Stephen Barrett of Quackwatch . ref name null qw cite web ... at Gary Null s Activities and Credentials url http www.quackwatch.org 04ConsumerEducation null.html date May 12, 2010 accessdate June 23, 2011 ref Null is a New York State Certified Dietitian Nutritionist ... NY State Education Department Office of the Professions ref Viewpoints Null attacks many facets ... preventing sickness. In the 1970s, Null co authored a series of articles on cancer research for Penthouse magazine Penthouse , beginning with one entitled The Great Cancer Fraud. ref Null s articles on alternative cancer therapies in Penthouse include cite journal first Gary last Null coauthors Robert ... 78, 82, 268, 270, 272, 274, 276&ndash 278 cite journal first Gary last Null coauthors A. Pitrone title ... Penthouse year 1980 pages 97&ndash 98, 160, 162&ndash 163 cite journal first Gary last Null coauthors ...&ndash 197 ref In Penthouse , Null accused the medical community of suppressing alternative cancer ... therapy, Null advocated alternative cancer treatment s such as hydrazine sulfate . In 1999 Time magazine TIME wrote of Null s conspiracy theory conspiracy claims From a young reporter this is to be expected. But two decades later, Null, 54, is still warning of a variety of medical bogeymen out to gull ... more details
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