Unreferenced date October 2008 NuclearTransfer is a form of cloning . The steps involve removing the DNA from an oocyte unfertilized egg , and injecting the Cell nucleus nucleus which contains the DNA to be cloned. In rare instances, the newly constructed cell will divide normally, replicating the new DNA while remaining in a pluripotent state. If the cloned cells are placed in the uterus of a female mammal, a cloned organism develops to term in rare instances. This is how Dolly the Sheep and many list of animals that have been cloned other species were cloned. Cows are commonly cloned to select those that have the best milk production. Despite this, the low efficiency of the technique has prompted some researchers, notably Ian Wilmut , creator of Dolly sheep Dolly the cloned sheep, to abandon it. http www.telegraph.co.uk earth main.jhtml?xml earth 2007 11 16 scidolly116.xml Tools and reagents Nucleartransfer is a delicate process that is a major hurdle in the development of cloning technology. http www.pnas.org misc classics4.shtml Materials used in this procedure are a microscope, a holding pipette small vacuum to keep the oocyte in place, and a micropipette hair thin needle capable of extracting the nucleus of a cell using a vacuum. For some species, such as mouse, a drill is used to pierce the outer layers of the oocyte. Various chemical reagents are used to increase cloning efficiency. Microtubule inhibitors, such as nocodazole , are used to arrest the oocyte in M phase , during which its nuclear membrane is dissolved. Chemicals are also used to stimulate oocyte activation. When applied the membrane is completely dissolved Somatic Cell NuclearTransfer Somatic cell nucleartransfer Somatic Cell NuclearTransfer SCNT or therapeutic cloning involves the nucleus of an unfertilized egg cell, replacing it with the material from the nucleus of a somatic cell a skin, heart ... Genomic reprogramming is the key biological process behind nucleartransfer. Currently unidentified ... more details
Altered NuclearTransfer is an alternative method of obtaining embryonic like, pluripotent stem cells without the creation and destruction of human embryos . The process was originally proposed by William B. Hurlbut Dr. William B. Hurlbut . External links http alterednucleartransfer.com index.php?page 4a&view 1 Explanation of the theory of Altered NuclearTransfer Category Biological techniques and tools Category Stem cells ... more details
Image Cloning diagram english.svg thumb 300px right Somatic cell nucleartransfer can create clones for both reproductive and therapeutic purposes. The diagram depicts the removal of the donor nucleus for schematic purposes in practice usually the whole donor cell is transferred. In genetics and developmental biology , somatic cell nucleartransfer SCNT is a laboratory technique for creating a clonal embryo, using an ovum with a donor nucleus see process below . It can be used in embryonic stem cell research, or, potentially, in regenerative medicine where it is sometimes referred to as therapeutic cloning . It can also be used as the first step in the process of cloning reproductive cloning . The process ref improve section date December 2011 In SCNT, the cell nucleus nucleus is removed and the rest of the cell discarded. At the same time, the nucleus of an egg cell is removed. The reason ... to use somatic cell nucleartransfer to produce embryonic stem cell s. ref name weise Elizabeth ... journal author Campbell KH, McWhir J, Ritchie WA, Wilmut I title Sheep cloned by nucleartransfer ... cite journal author Wilmut I, Beaujean N, de Sousa PA, et al. title Somatic cell nucleartransfer ..., nucleartransfer and heterokaryons journal J. Cell. Sci. volume Pt 1 issue pages 11 20 series ... cell nucleartransfer biological factors journal Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. volume 1 issue 1 pages ... public therapeutic.htm NuclearTransfer Stem Cells or Somatic Cell NuclearTransfer SCNT The International ... used to produce Dolly the sheep somatic cell nuclear transplantation cloning involves removing ... cell mass top, right . Proposals to use nucleus transfer techniques in human stem cell research ... processes use the same first step the creation of a nuclear transferred embryo, most likely via ... Gurdon JB, Byrne JA, Simonsson S title Nuclear reprogramming and stem cell creation journal Proc ... kloning de Zellkerntransfer fr Clonage th rapeutique ja pt Transfer ncia nuclear de ... more details
selfref For Wikipedia s articles transfer to other sister projects, see m Help Transwiki Help Transwiki on Meta. wiktionarypar transferTransfer may refer to Transfer computing Transfer Croatian Television Show Transfer DNA , the transferred DNA of the tumor inducing Ti plasmid of some species of bacteria such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens Transfer payment Transfer economics Transfer group theory Transfer football Transfer function in mathematics Transfer of learning Transfer patent Transfer payment Transfer payment economics Transfer propaganda Transfer public transit , a ticket that allows a passenger to use multiple conveyances in a single trip Interchange station Transfer railway station , a railway station connecting two or more lines Academic transfer Balance transfer Call transfer Decal , a sticker Electron transfer Heat transfer Jacoby transfer , a bidding device in contract bridge Knowledge transfer Language transfer , where native language grammar and pronunciation influence the learning and use of a second language Manhattan Transfer disambiguation , several meanings Money transfer disambiguation Wire transfer Population transfer disambig de Transfer es Transferencia fr Transfert nl Transfer pl Transfer pt Transfer ncia ru sv Transfer uk ... more details
wiktionarypar nuclear nucular Nuclear may refer to Nuclear DNA In physics Nuclear engineering Nuclear physics Nuclear power Nuclear reactor technology Nuclear weapon In mathematics Nuclear space Nuclear operator Nuclear C algebra See also Nucleus disambiguation Nucleolus Nucleation Nucleic acid Nuclear family Nucular lookfrom Nucleo lookfrom Nuclear disambig cy Niwclear id Nuklir pt Nuclear ro Nuclear simple Nuclear su Nuklir tl Nukleyar th ur ... more details
Infobox Book name Nuclear or Not? Does Nuclear Power Have a Place in a Sustainable Energy Future? title orig translator image image caption author David Elliott illustrator cover artist country language series subject genre publisher Palgrave Macmillan pub date 2007 english pub date media type pages isbn 9780230507647 dewey 333.792 40941 22 congress HD9698.G72 N84 2007 oclc 71812857 preceded by followed by Nuclear or Not? Does Nuclear Power Have a Place in a Sustainable Energy Future? is a 2007 book edited by Professor David Elliott professor David Elliott . The book offers various views and perspectives on nuclear power . ref name nuc http www.no2nuclearpower.org.uk reviews review02.php Nuclear or Not? Does Nuclear Power Have a Place in a Sustainable Energy Future? Edited by David Elliott. Palgrave Macmillan, 2007. ISBN 978 0 230 50764 7. Review by No2NuclearPower ref Authors include Paul Allen from the Centre for Alternative Technology Dr Ian Fairlie, who served on the Committee Examining Radiation Risks of Internal Emitters CERRIE Stephen Kidd of the World Nuclear Association ref name nuc Professor Elliott calls for continued debate on the nuclear power issue. He has worked with the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority before moving to the Open University where he is Professor of Technology Policy and has developed courses on technological innovation, focusing in particular ... Page at The Open University ref ref http www.palgrave.com products title.aspx?is 0230507646 Nuclear Or Not? Description at publisher s site ref See also List of books about nuclear issues Nuclear Power and the Environment Reaction Time book Contesting the Future of Nuclear Power Non Nuclear Futures References references External links http oro.open.ac.uk 3940 Non nuclear sustainable energy futures for Germany and the UK Category Nuclear power Category Environmental non fiction books Category 2007 books Category British non fiction books Category Books about nuclear issues simple Nuclear or Not? ... more details
or women who wish to genetically contribute to any resulting embryo, given cytoplasmic transfer does not interfere with the primary nuclear DNA input from the recipient egg. Risks Though cytoplasmic transfer does not involve the transfer of nuclear DNA, there may still be a small amount of mitochondrial ...Cytoplasmic transfer is an assisted reproductive technology ART , fertility technique whereby cytoplasm from a donor egg is injected into an egg with compromised Mitochondrion mitochondria . The resulting egg is then Fertilisation fertilized with sperm and Implant medicine implanted in a Uterus womb , usually that of the woman who provided the recipient egg and nuclear DNA . Candidates Cytoplasmic transfer was created to aid women who experience infertility due to deficient or damaged mitochondria, contained within an egg s cytoplasm. Deficient mitochondria can lead to recurrent Implantation human embryo implantation failure, high levels of embryo fragmentation and overall poor embryo development. The incidence of compromised mitochondria increases with advanced maternal age , thought to occur near the age of thirty five. Consequently, it has been found advantageous for young women to donate ... DNA transfer, the embryo may also be exposed to numerous diseases connected with mitochondrial ... concern associated with the potential transfer of mitochondrial DNA and its unknown interaction ... conceived through cytoplasmic transfer, the first successful birth having occurred in 1997 at Saint ... authority over cytoplasmic transfer, in effect banning the procedure in the U.S. until lengthy ... research costs needed to fulfill FDA regulations has resulted in movement of cytoplasmic transfer ... Pregnancy after cytoplasmic transfer in a couple suffering from idiopathic infertility , Human Reproduction ... http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed 11476356 Cytoplasmic transfer in assisted reproduction references Assisted reproductive technology DEFAULTSORT Cytoplasmic Transfer Category Fertility medicine Category ... more details
Technology Transfer , also called Transfer of Technology TOT and Technology Commercialisation , is the process of skill transferring, knowledge, technologies, methods of manufacturing, samples of manufacturing and facilities among government s or University universities and other institutions to ensure that scientific and technological developments are accessible to a wider range of users who can then further ... or services. It is closely related to and may arguably be considered a subset of knowledge transfer . Some also consider technology transfer as a process of moving promising research topics into a Technology ... , has led to a focus on the process itself. Transfer process Many companies, universities and governmental organizations now have an Office of Technology Transfer TTO, also known as Tech Transfer ... for example, while there are many ways to accomplish nuclear fusion , the ones of commercial value ... 2008 Canada s Science, Technology and Innovation System ref Technology transfer offices ... in the business. As a result of the potential complexity of the technology transfer process, technology transfer organizations are often multidisciplinary, including economists, engineers, lawyers, marketers and scientists. The dynamics of the technology transfer process has attracted attention in its ... in technology transfer intermediaries specialized in their field since 1980, stimulated in large ... Technology Transfer and Society References Reflist External links dmoz Business Opportunities Inventions Products and Services Technology Transfer Offices Technology transfer offices http www.acctcanada.ca ... in Technology Transfer IPCC http www.springer.com business 26 management journal 10961 The Journal of Technology Transfer DEFAULTSORT Technology Transfer Category Intellectual property law Category Technology transfer Category Knowledge transfer bg de Technologietransfer es ... perk limas pt Transfer ncia de tecnologia ro Transfer de tehnologie ru fi ... more details
Manhattan Transfer may refer to Manhattan Transfer PRR station , a Pennsylvania Railroad station in New Jersey Manhattan Transfer novel Manhattan Transfer novel , a 1925 novel by John Dos Passos The Manhattan Transfer , a jazz, swing, R&B and pop group founded in 1969 Manhattan Transfer , a science fiction novel by John E. Stith Manhattan Transfer , a 1984 episode of Right to Reply Manhattan transfer, a description of Doctor Manhattan s teleportation in Watchmen disambig de Manhattan Transfer es Manhattan Transfer fr Manhattan Transfer homonymie sv Manhattan Transfer ... more details
Transfer station waste management Transfer station transportation , an interchange station Transfer Station Hudson County , a section of Hudson County disambig ... more details
Free transfer has the following meanings Free transfer public transit , the ability to transfer between two transit lines for free Free transfer football , the release of a player from a team at the expiration of the contract dab ... more details
Transfer coefficient may refer to Transport phenomena Heat transfer coefficient Mass transfer coefficient Electrochemistry Charge transfer coefficient See also Transport coefficient disambig it Coefficiente di trasferimento ... more details
Charge transfer may refer to Intervalence charge transfer Charge transfer complex Charge exchange ionization , a form of gas phase ionization dab ru Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Money transfer generally refers to one of the following cashless modes of payment or payment system s Wire transfer , an international expedited bank to bank funds transfer Electronic funds transfer , an umbrella term mostly used for bank card based payments Email Money Transfer , an online banking transfer between Canadian banks Giro , also known as direct deposit Money order , transfer by postal cheque, Money Gram or others Paypal , transfer by email on Paypal. It can also refer to the following cash based wire transfer systems al Barakat , an informal money transfer system originating in the Arab world Hawala also known as hundi , an informal system primarily used to send money to and from the Middle East, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and South Asia Remittance , transfer of money by a foreign worker to his or her home country seealso Transfer payment fr Transfert d argent disambig ... more details
Image Ti Plasmid.jpg thumb 350px right Ti plasmid with T DNA region The transfer DNA abbreviated T DNA is the transferred deoxyribonucleic acid DNA of the Ti plasmid tumor inducing Ti plasmid of some species of bacteria such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Agrobacterium rhizogenes . It derives its name from the fact that the bacterium transfers this DNA fragment into the host plant s cell nucleus nuclear DNA genome . The T DNA is bordered by 25 base pair repeats on each end. Transfer is initiated at the left border and terminated at the right border and requires the vir genes of the Ti plasmid. The bacterial T DNA is about 20,000 base pairs long and contains gene s that code for enzyme s synthesizing opines and phytohormone s. By transferring the T DNA into the plant genome, the bacterium essentially reprograms the plant cells to grow into a tumor and produce a unique food source for the bacteria. The synthesis of the plant hormones auxin and cytokinin enables the plant cell to grow uncontrollably, thus forming the crown gall tumor s typically induced by Agrobacterium infection. The opines are amino acid derivatives used by the bacterium as a source of carbon and energy. T DNA transformation Agrobacterium mediated T DNA transfer is widely used as a tool in biotechnology . In genetic engineering , the tumor promoting and opine synthesis genes are removed from the T DNA and replaced with a gene of interest and or a selection marker, this is required so that it is possible to establish which plants have been successfully transformed. Examples of selection markers include neomycin phosphotransferase , hygromycin B phosphotransferase which both phosphorylate antibiotics and phosphinothricin acetyltransferase which acetylates and deactivates phosphinothricin , a potent inhibitor of glutamine synthetase . Agrobacterium is then used as a vector to transfer the engineered T DNA ... genome. T DNA mutagenesis The same procedure of T DNA transfer can be used to disrupt genes ... more details
A spindle transfer more properly spindle chromosomal complex transfer is a Genetics genetic manipulation technique where the donor s mitochondrial DNA is not transferred to the receiving egg. It may be used to treat mitochondrial disease s. History In an article published in Nature journal Nature online on 26 August 2009, a team in Oregon headed by Dr. Tachibana made the report of the transfer of maternal DNA without any mitochondrial DNA included in a laboratory monkey. ref cite journal doi 10.1038 nature08368 last Masahito Tachibana first1 M coauthors Michelle Sparman, Hathaitip Sritanaudomchai, Hong Ma, Lisa Clepper, Joy Woodward, Ying Li, Cathy Ramsey, Olena Kolotushkina & Shoukhrat Mitalipov date 17 September 2009 journal Nature journal Nature volume 461 issue 7262 pages 367 372 title Mitochondrial gene replacement in primate offspring and embryonic stem cells url http www.nature.com nature journal v461 n7262 full nature08368.html pmid 19710649 pmc 2774772 ref This has the implication that any genetic problems which may be transferred from mother to offspring through mitochondrial DNA can be avoided. ref http www.medicalnewstoday.com articles 162266.php ref Teams from the Oregon National Primate Research Center, the Oregon Stem Cell Center and the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Molecular and Medical Genetics at the Oregon Health and Science University were all credited in the study. Procedure The technique involves taking nuclear DNA from an egg cell and transferring that DNA into another egg cell, leaving the defective mitochondrial DNA behind. The cell is then implanted using in vitro fertilization techniques. The final mitochondrial DNA, however, is from the receiving egg cell, causing the original donor s mitochondrial DNA to not be passed on to the eventual offspring. Genetic analysis may then be utilized to confirm that the mother s mitochondrial DNA is not part of the final DNA makeup. Macaca mulatta monkey s were used in recent experiments ... more details
Credit transfer can refer to The transfer of money from one account to another, also called a wire transfer The procedure of granting credit to a student for studies completed at another school, also called transfer credit or advanced standing . disambig ... more details
Orphan date April 2010 Transfer Curve or Voltage Transfer Curve In Digital Electronics A output voltage vs. input voltage graph may be plotted, such a graph is called transfer curve. A Sample Transfer Curve gallery Image Inverter voltage transfer curve.png Sample Curve gallery In any Oscilloscope , If you connect Channel 1 with Input Voltage & Connect Channel 2 with Output voltage, You can see the transfer curve in Dual Mode. You should have buttons Dual Mode and X Y Mode pressed to see the transfer curve of a circuit. See also Inverter logic gate Category Digital electronics ... more details
Water transfer may refer to Water pipe s, tubes used to carry pressurized and treated fresh water to buildings Aqueduct , a water supply or navigable channel conduit constructed to convey water Water transfer printing , a technique used to transfer graphic designs to three dimensional objects disambig ... more details
Telegraphic Transfer or Telex Transfer , often abbreviated to TT , is an electronic means of transferring funds overseas. A transfer charge is collected while sending money. . A banking term commonly called T T, meaning a cable message from one bank to another in order to effect the transfer of money. ref http www.firsttradenet.com its glossary index.jsp?area2 gloss&letter T Glossary, International Trade Services, First National Bank Bot generated title ref It is most often used in United Kingdom UK Banking to refer to a CHAPS transfer that is a payment made via the Clearing house finance Clearing House Automated Payments System . The term is also used to describe other electronic funds transfer methods and, incorrectly, BACS Bankers Automated Clearing Services and AFTS Automated Funds Transfer System payments. See also Wire transfer References reflist Category Payment systems money stub de Telegrafische berweisung zh ... more details
Energy transfer is the transfer of energy from one body to another. There are a few main ways that energy transfer occurs Radiant energy radiation Heat conduction Convection Electrical power transmission Mechanical work See also Work thermodynamics Quantum energy teleportation Category Energy conversion chemistry stub physics stub simple Energy transfer no Energiovergang ... more details
orphan date November 2007 A transfer deed is a document used in conveyancing in England and Wales to transfer real property from its legal owner to another party. Sometimes referred to as a transfer and formerly a conveyance or assignment if a transfer of an existing Leasehold title . Several different forms of transfer are used, depending on the circumstances of the transaction. For example, a TR1 is used for most cases where the whole of a title is to be transferred, a TR2 is used for most repossession possession sales, and a TP1 for most transfers of part. HM Land Registry requires that prescribed forms are used for transfer deeds, and these are available from the Registry s website, as well as from law stationers. External links http www.landregistry.gov.uk assets library documents tr1.doc The Land Registry s TR1 form of transfer Category Real estate ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 A call transfer is a telecommunications mechanism engineering mechanism that enables a user to relocate an existing call to another phone or attendant console by using the transfer button and dialing the required location. The transferred call is either announced or unannounced. If the transferred call is announced , the desired party extension is notified of the impending transfer. This is typically done by putting the caller on hold and dialing the desired party extension they are then notified and, if they choose to accept the call, it is transferred over to them. Other terms commonly used for an announced transfer include attended , consult , full consult , supervised and conference transfer. On the other hand, an unannounced transfer is self explanatory it is transferred without notifying the desired party extension of the impending call. It is simply transferred to their line by way of a transfer key on the operator s phone or by keying in a string of digits which achieves the same function. Other terms commonly used for an unannounced transfer include unsupervised and blind . Unsupervised call transfer can be either warm or cold depending on moment when B leg is disconnected. See also Call forwarding DEFAULTSORT Call Transfer Category Calling features Telecomm stub ... more details
In economics , a transfer payment or government transfer or simply transfer is a redistribution of income in the market system . These payments are considered to be exhaustive because they do not directly absorb Factors of production resources or create Output economics output . Examples of certain transfer payments include welfare financial aid , social security , and government making Subsidy subsidies for certain business es firms . See also Public finance Government budget Transfer payments multiplier Workfare Welfare state Barnett formula Use for administrative transfer In some federal systems the term can be also used to refer to payments from one order of to a government to another for example in Canada , transfer payments usually refer to a system of payments from the federal government to the provinces. Major Canadian transfer payments include equalization payments , the Canada Health Transfer and the..... Canada Social Transfer formerly the Canada Health and Social Transfer and Territorial Formula Financing . Transfer payments are not a part of the national income so they are cut from national income to get n.n.p in order to arrive national income such payments are bad debts incurred by banks, payments of pensions, charity, scholarships etc. In the UK they have several transfer payments such as EMA and a job seeker s allowance. External links http www.fin.gc.ca access fedprov eng.asp Department of Finance Canada Federal Transfers to Provinces and Territories econ policy stub Category Economics terminology Category Fiscal policy Category Government in Canada Category Public finance Category Taxation and redistribution Category Income distribution Category Welfare state ca Pagament de transfer ncia cs Transfer da Overf rselsindkomst de Transferleistung he lv Transferts pl P atno transferowa fi Tulonsiirto sv Transferering uk ... more details
Inkjet transfer or Inkjet photo transfer is a technique to transfer a photograph or graphic, printed with an inkjet printer onto textiles, cups, CDs, glass and other surfaces. Unreferenced date January 2011 A special transfer sheet, usually ISO A4 size, is printed on with a regular inkjet printer. The photo has to be printed as a mirror image except for some transfer sheets for dark materials . T shirt transfer It is often a requirement of home made garments adhesive based transfers that they be washed inside out, only in cold water, sometimes by hand, and not be tumble dried. The heat from washing or drying conventionally, or from ironing over the transfer area, can damage the transfer or cause it to separate. These attributes generally makes them less practical for frequent wear than purchased items. The second type of transfer paper is merely a substrate which ink is deposited onto, from which it is sublimated directly into the t shirt fibers requires at least 50 polyester fabric . The main advantages of this process are permanence and lack of a rough adhesive on the surface of the fabric. This technique is used commercially, and not easily reproduced at home, since a heat press is required to heat the inks to their sublimation temperature over 200 F evenly. Technique The transfer sheet is placed ink side down usually onto a t shirt or fabric and ironed without steam onto the cloth. Some transfer sheets change color to signal that the transfer is finished. To create a glossy effect with adhesive based transfers, the transfer sheet is removed after it has been cooled down. To create a matte effect, it is peeled off while still hot. DEFAULTSORT Inkjet Transfer Category Photographic processes Category Paper Category Computer printing Photography stub ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
