An NIHshift is a chemical rearrangement where a hydrogen atom on an aromatic ring undergoes an intramolecular migration primarily during a hydroxylation reaction. This process is also known as a 1,2 hydride shift. These shifts are often studied and observed by isotopic labeling . An example of an NIHshift is shown below Image Gen NIH shift.png 400px center Example of NIHshift In this example, a hydrogen atom has been isotopically labeled using deuterium shown in red . As the hydroxylase adds a hydroxyl the OH group , the labeled site shifts one position around the aromatic ring relative to the stationary methyl group CH sub 3 sub . Several hydroxylase enzymes are believed to incorporate an NIHshift in their mechanism, including 4 hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase and the tetrahydrobiopterin dependent hydroxylase s. The name NIHshift arises from the U.S. National Institutes of Health from where studies first reported observing this transformation. References cite journal author Guroff, G. Daly, J.W. Jerina, D.M. Renson, J. Witkop, B. Udenfriend, S. title Hydroxylation induced migration the NIHshift. Recent experiments reveal an unexpected and general result of enzymatic hydroxylation of aromatic compounds. journal Science year 1967 volume 157 pages 1524&ndash 1530 pmid 6038165 doi 10.1126 science.157.3796.1524 issue 796 . cite journal author Bassan, A. Blomberg, M.R.A. Siegbahn, P.E.M. title Mechanism of Aromatic Hydroxylation by an Activated FeIV O Core in Tetrahydrobiopterin Dependent Hydroxylases journal Chem. Eur. J. year 2003 volume 9 pages 4055&ndash 4067 pmid 12953191 doi 10.1002 chem.200304768 issue 17 . Category Enzymes Category Posttranslational modification Category Reaction mechanisms zh NIH ... more details
NIH can refer to National Institutes of Health United States National Institute of Health Pakistan National Institute Of Homoeopathy India, WB Norwegian School of Sport Sciences Not Invented Here a term and label developed in the computer industry referring to organizations incapable of using technology from other organizations. Nih town , an ancient town in Sistan modern Iran and Afghanistan disambig da NIH de NIH fr Nih it NIH he NIH ... more details
Wikify date January 2011 Nih was a town belonging to the ancient state of Sistan , which straddles the modern border of Afghanistan and Iran. blockquote At some distance to the west of the Zarah lake, on the Kuhistan frontier and close to the border of the Great Desert, is the town of Nih, or N h, which is named by earlier Arab geographers as belonging to S st n. Mu addas mentions it as a strongly fortified town, the houses of which were built of clay, water being brought down from the hills by underground channels. Nih is also referred to by Y t and Mustawf , who, however, add no details, except to state that it was founded by King Ardash r B bg n , though at the present day the remains of great fortifications, and the immense ruins found here, would seem to prove that in the middle ages it had been a place of much importance. ref Guy Le Strange. http books.google.com books?id Q 88AAAAIAAJ&pg PA340&lpg PA340&dq 22ram shahristan 22&source bl&ots nRGfvGaMRI&sig 6FrECPAtRIhC73Z6eD62q80WYW8&hl en&ei 8ly3S uJNoK78gaW35ToBw&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 1&ved 0CAYQ6AEwAA v onepage&q 22ram 20shahristan 22&f false The lands of the eastern caliphate Mesopotamia, Persia, and Central Asia, from the Moslem conquest to the time of Timur . Cambridge geographical series. General editor F. H. H. Guillemard. reprint Publisher CUP Archive, 1930. Originally published 1905. ref blockquote References references DEFAULTSORT Nih Town Category Sistan ... more details
wiktionarypar shiftShift generally means to change position . For other meanings, see wiktionary. Shift may refer to Things also known as only Shift Gear shift , to change gears in a car Shift work , an employment practice Shift string technique Shift music , a change of level in music Shift magazine Shift magazine , a former Canadian technology and culture magazine Shift weapon , an improvised knife used as a weapon Shift clothing , a simple kind of undergarment Shift the Ape , a character in The Chronicles of Narnia novel series Need for Speed Shift , a 2009 racing video game Shift , an online video game series developed and presented by Armor Games . In mathematics and computing Shift key , a key on a computer keyboard Bit shift , a bitwise operator in computing Barrel shifter , a digital circuit that can shift a data word by a specified number of bits Arithmetic shift in telecommunication Logical shift Circular shift or bit rotation, often used in cryptography Shift operator , a linear operator in mathematics See also Compound words containing shift lookfrom Shift Red shift disambiguation Vowel shift , a change in the pronunciation of vowel sounds Paradigm shift , a change in basic assumptions within the ruling theory of science Tax shift , a fiscal policy Baseball positioning , where shift is a strategic alteration in defenders normal fielding locations Shapeshifting disambig de Shift ko nl Shift ja ru simple Shift ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2011 Notability Notability date January 2011 NIH Office of Technology Transfer manages all intramural inventions from the United States National Institutes of Health NIH and Food .... Function and mission The Office of Technology Transfer OTT , manages the wide range of NIH and FDA .... The mission of the NIH OTT is to improve public health through the management of inventions made by NIH and FDA scientists and the development of intellectual property policies for NIH s intramural ... of Health and Human Services HHS . HHS has designated NIH as the lead agency for technology transfer policy matters. OTT, through its Division of Policy, has the lead responsibility for NIH ... Transfer Policy Board. This includes NIH CRADA Subcommittee the review of Cooperative Research and Development Agreements CRADAs negotiated by technology transfer staff at the NIH Institutes and Centers ICs . OTT carries out its technology transfer mandate by managing the inventions made in NIH ... use, commercialization, and public availability. Over the last 20 years, NIH has executed thousands of license agreements. These licenses transfer NIH and FDA inventions to the private sector for further ... transfer at the NIH is at once centralized and decentralized. It is decentralized in that each NIH ... of the NIH Office of the Director OD . OTT comprises the Office of the Director, the Division of Technology ... approved vaccines and therapeutics. The sale of these products by NIH licensees has surpassed ... The NIH Office of Technology Transfer was established in 1989 within the NIH Office of the Director ... and policy function for NIH. Gradually other NIH and FDA technology transfer transactional functions were consolidated within this office renamed as the NIH Office of Technology Transfer , including U.S patent prosecution from the Patent Branch of the NIH Office of General Counsel as well as licensing ... Service NTIS of the U.S. Department of Commerce. To date acting or permanent Directors of the NIH Office ... more details
Image wiki ibs grant graph.gif thumb 300px right Number of researchers receiving NIH grants for study related to Irritable Bowel Syndrome, 1974 2007 ref cite web title NIH CRISP Search Tool, search for phrase Irritable Bowel url http crisp.cit.nih.gov crisp crisp query.generate screen accessdate 2007 09 08 ref In the United States, the National Institutes of Health is the largest single entity providing funding for biomedical research. ref name Medical Research Spending Doubled Over Past Decade http www.medpagetoday.com PublicHealthPolicy HealthPolicy tb 1767 Medical Research Spending Doubled Over Past Decade , Neil Osterweil, MedPage Today, September 20, 2005. ref In 2006 the NIH awarded 53,285 grants totalling 21 billion dollars. ref cite web title TAGGS FY 2006 Annual Report url http taggs.hhs.gov AnnualReport fy2006 overview grantawards.cfm accessdate 2007 09 08 ref Irritable bowel syndrome IBS is a bowel disorder of unknown etiology characterized by abdominal pain with diarrhea and or constipation. An estimated 15 of the US population is estimated to exhibit symptoms of IBS, with an annual ... 2004 pmid 15298528 ref Funding of IBS According to the NIH s CRISP database, 1977 was the first year in which the NIH awarded a grant whose description included the phrase, irritable bowel. ref cite web title NIH CRISP Search Tool, search for phrase Irritable Bowel url http crisp.cit.nih.gov crisp ... shows the number of researchers receiving NIH grant awards for grants including the term irritable bowel for years 1974 to 2007. ref cite web title NIH CRISP Search Tool, phrase search for Irritable Bowel ... screen Bot retrieved archive archivedate 2007 08 31 ref Recent funding In 2006, the NIH funded 56 projects ref name NAMES 2006 cite web title NIH CRISP Search Tool, phrase search for Irritable ... , with a total disbursement of 18,787,710. ref name AMOUNTS 2006 cite web title NIH Award Database url ... class wikitable collapsible collapsed width 100 colspan 6 List of NIH Funded Research Projects Referring ... more details
NIH stroke scale abbreviated NIHSS ref name pmid10548669 cite journal author Lyden P, Lu M, Jackson C, et al. title Underlying structure of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale results of a factor analysis. NINDS tPA Stroke Trial Investigators journal Stroke volume 30 issue 11 pages 2347 54 year 1999 month November pmid 10548669 doi url http stroke.ahajournals.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 10548669 ref ref name pmid17709996 cite journal author Glymour MM, Berkman LF, Ertel KA, Fay ME, Glass TA, Furie KL title Lesion characteristics, NIH stroke scale, and functional recovery after stroke journal Am J Phys Med Rehabil volume 86 issue 9 pages 725 33 year 2007 month September pmid 17709996 doi 10.1097 PHM.0b013e31813e0a32 url http meta.wkhealth.com pt pt core template journal lwwgateway media landingpage.htm?issn 0894 9115&volume 86&issue 9&spage 725 ref is a scale developed by NINDS that communicates several different neurological deficits ref name pmid10548670 cite journal author Woo D, Broderick JP, Kothari RU, et al. title Does the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale favor left hemisphere strokes? NINDS t PA Stroke Study Group journal Stroke volume 30 issue 11 pages 2355 9 year 1999 month November pmid 10548670 doi url http stroke.ahajournals.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 10548670 ref upon a single axis, represented by a score from 0 to 30. A score of more than approximately 25 indicates a large stroke, and a score of less than 4 may still indicate a small stroke. See also Mini mental state examination References reflist External links http www.ninds.nih.gov doctors NIH Stroke Scale.pdf http strokecenter.stanford.edu scales nihss.html medicine stub Neuro procedures Category Stroke Category Medical scales Stroke Category Psychiatric instruments cognitive impairment and dementia Category Psychiatric instruments geriatric psychiatry ... more details
Refimprove date February 2009 Disputed date February 2009 The NIH classification of headaches consists of brief, relatively vague glossary type definitions of a limited number of headaches. ref cite book title Comprehensive Review of Headache Medicine authors Morris Levin, Steven M. Baskin, Marcelo E. Bigal publisher Oxford University Press US year 2008 isbn 0195366735 page 60 ref It outlines five types of headache vascular, myogenic muscle tension , cervicogenic, traction, and inflammatory. Vascular main vascular headache The most common type of vascular headache is migraine . Migraine headaches are usually characterized by severe pain on one or both sides of the head, an upset stomach, and, for some people, disturbed vision. It is more common in women. While vascular changes are evident during a migraine, the cause of the headache is neurological , not vascular. After migraine, the most common type of vascular headache is the Toxic headache toxic headache produced by fever. Other kinds of vascular headaches include cluster headache s , which are very severe recurrent short lasting headaches, often located through or around either eye and often wake the sufferers up at the same time every night. Unlike migraines, these headaches are more common in men than in women. Muscular myogenic Muscular or myogenic headaches appear to involve the tightening or tensing of facial and neck muscles they may radiate to the forehead. Tension headache is the most common form of myogenic headache. Cervicogenic Cervicogenic headaches originate from disorders of the neck, including the anatomical structures innervated by the cervical roots C1 C3. Cervical headache is often precipitated by neck movement and or sustained awkward head positioning. It is often accompanied by restricted cervical range of motion, ipsilateral neck, shoulder, or arm pain of a rather vague non radicular nature or, occasionally, arm pain of a radicular nature. Traction inflammatory Image PET3.jpg right thumb 150px ... more details
Gear stick Shift pattern Shift pattern , refers to the layout of the gears on a gear stick Shift work Shift patterns Shift pattern , refers to the various types of work schedules used in different industries Disambig ... more details
wiktionary Swing Shift may refer to Shift work Swing Shift album Swing Shift album , a 1997 jazz album by Rik Emmett Swing Shift film Swing Shift film , a 1984 film by Jonathan Demme Swing Shift , a stop motion short film by Mike Jittlov Swing Shift Soixante Neuf , a song by Nash the Slash on his album Children of the Night album Children of the Night Disambig ... more details
The Late Shift may refer to The Late Shift book The Late Shift book , a book about 1990s conflict regarding The Tonight Show . The Late Shift film The Late Shift film , an HBO film based on the book. 2010 Tonight Show conflict , also nicknamed as The Late Shift 2 , a similar conflict regarding The Tonight Show. Comedy Inc The Late Shift , an Australian sketch show on Comedy Inc. disambig ... more details
I Shift may refer to Honda I SHIFT , a transmission system offered with some Honda cars I Shift, a transmission system offered with some Volvo Trucks Volvo trucks. disambig ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Shift Out SO and Shift In SI are ASCII control character s 14 and 15, respectively 0xE and 0xF . The original meaning of those characters was to switch to a different character set and back. This was used, for instance, in the Russian language Russian character set known as KOI7 , where SO starts printing Russian alphabet Russian letters , and SI starts printing Latin alphabet Latin letters again. SO SI control characters also are used to display VT 100 Box drawing characters pseudographics , and emoji Japanese picture icons on SoftBank Mobile . ISO IEC 2022 standard specifies their generalized usage. Some older computer printer printers used these characters to control special features, such as changing the font or ink color . On the Model 38 Teletype Corporation Teletype , SO switched to red printing while SI switched back to black printing. Category Control characters compu stub pt SI e SO ascii ... more details
wiktionary night shift A night shift is either a group of workers who work during the night, or the period in which they work. See shift work . Night Shift may also refer to Night Shift comics , a fictional team of supervillains in the Marvel Universe Night Shift video game Night Shift video game , a 1990 computer game designed and published by LucasArts Night Shift novel Night Shift novel , a 1942 novel by Maritta Wolff Night Shift book Night Shift book , a 1978 collection of short stories written by Stephen King Night Shift film Night Shift film , a 1982 film, one of Ron Howard s earliest directorial efforts Music Night Shift band , Serbian rock band Night Shift album , a 1976 album by the rock band Foghat Night Shift , a song from the album Night Shift , a song by Bob Marley & The Wailers released in 1976 on the album Rastaman Vibration Nightshift , a 1985 song and album by The Commodores Nightshift , a song by rapper South Park Mexican from the album Hustletown . Television Nightshift, the final episode of series 1 of Dinnerladies Night Shift TV series Night Shift TV series , a British television series shown late at night on ITV Night Shift Irish TV series Night Shift Irish TV series , an Irish television show broadcast on Channel 6 General Hospital Night Shift , a primetime soap opera airing on SOAPnet during the summers of 2007 and 2008 N turvaktin , a popular Icelandic sitcom whose title translates as The Night Shift disambig pt Night Shift simple Night shift ... more details
wiktionarypar graveyard shift A graveyard shift means a shift of work running through the early hours of the morning, especially one from midnight until 8 am. See shift work . Graveyard shift may also refer to In movies, television, and video games Graveyard Shift 1987 film Graveyard Shift 1987 film , a film about working at Perth Airport , and the dilemmas of selling out. Graveyard Shift film Graveyard Shift , a film based on the Stephen King story of the same name. Graveyard Shift SpongeBob SquarePants Graveyard Shift , an episode of SpongeBob SquarePants , that aired along with Krusty Love on September 6, 2002. Graveyard Shift , a mission in video game Hitman 2 Silent Assassin In literature Graveyard Shift , a short story by Stephen King , from his Night Shift book Night Shift collection . Adapted into a feature film of the same name in 1989 . The Graveyard Shift novel The Graveyard Shift , a novel by Jack Higgins under his real name, Harry Patterson, the first of three featuring Detective Nick Miller. The Graveyard Shift , a short novel by William P. McGivern featured in Alfred Hitchcock s Anthology Volume 4 . In Music Graveyard Shift , legendary psychobilly band from Seattle Washington Graveyard Shift , a song by Uncle Tupelo Graveyard Shift , a song by Steve Earl and the Del McCoury Band from The Mountain album Graveyard Shift , a late night radio programme presented on Scottish ... music Graveyard Shift song Graveyard Shift , a song by Kardinal Offishall from the 2008 album Not 4 Sale Graveyard Shift , a song by John Zorn from the 1989 album Naked City album Naked City List of songs in Guitar Hero Other songs Graveyard Shift , a song by an unknown artist intended to be featured in Guitar Hero, but removed for unknown reasons Graveyard Shift , a side project of Jani Liimatainen ... is working the graveyard shift. Graveyard Shift , a song by Afroman off his 2000 album Because I Got High album . disambig Category Chronology fr Graveyard Shift ... more details
A vowel shift is a systematic sound change in the pronunciation of the vowel sounds of a language . The best known example in the English language is the Great Vowel Shift , which began in the 15th century. Other examples of ongoing vowel shifts are the Southern American English Southern vowel shift in the southern United States , the California vowel shift in California English , or the Northern cities vowel shift in Michigan , Chicago, Illinois Chicago , and parts of upstate New York state New York . The Greek language also underwent a vowel shift near the beginning of the Common Era , which included iotacism . Among the Semitic languages , the Canaanite languages underwent a Canaanite shiftshift in which Proto Semitic became in Proto Canaanite a language likely very similar to Biblical Hebrew . A vowel shift can involve a merger of two previously different sounds, or it can be a chain shift . See also High German consonant shift External links http www.ic.arizona.edu lsp Features SVS.html A page on the Southern Vowel Shift Category Historical linguistics Category Phonology ling stub pl Przesuwka sp g oskowa ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2010 Day Shift is an Irish television music show on 3e . Day Shift is presented by Michelle Doherty , who also presented Night Shift Irish TV series Night Shift . It is one of 3e s original shows and is broadcast early on weekend mornings. Much like its sister programme Night Shift , it focuses on the alternative rock alternative music scene. Michelle Doherty For her part in Day and Night Shift , Michelle Doherty was nominated for an Irish Film and Television Awards IFTA Sony Bravia TV Personality of the Year Award as well as Kathy Hoffman, Paul Dempsey, Lorraine Keane, Julian Simmons and S le N Bhraon in . Related shows Night Shift Irish TV series Night Shift Popscene TV Take Six Top of the Pops Channel 6 Category Irish music television programmes Ireland tv stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 A viral shift is the sudden emergence of a seemingly novel strain of a virus. It is a prerequisite viral condition for pandemic s. An existing virus undergoes a change and becomes a pathogen , such as the constantly mutating A strain of influenza in which the change is known as an antigenic shift . Existing vaccine s or natural antibodies cannot produce an immune response to the new strain. Viral shift is caused by Reassortment viral subunit reassortment , as opposed to simple random mutation . DEFAULTSORT Viral Shift Category Viruses Virus stub ... more details
In the physical sciences and in telecommunication , the term frequency shift has the following meanings Any change in frequency A Doppler shift Any change in the frequency of a radio transmitter or electronic oscillator oscillator . Note In the radio regime, frequency shift is also called rf shift. Frequency shift telegraphy In Fax facsimile , a frequency modulation system where one frequency represents picture black and another frequency represents picture white . Frequencies between these two limits may represent shades of gray An intentional frequency change used for modulation purposes FS1037C MS188 disambig ... more details
Dablink This article is about the Shift Script programming language. Refimprove date July 2008 Infobox programming language name Shift Script logo Image ShiftScriptLogo.png paradigm Event driven programming Event driven year designer developer UpShift Softwares UpShift Softwares latest release version latest release date typing implementations dialects influenced by Visual Basic influenced current version 1.0 operating system Microsoft Windows license website Shift Script is a small, rapid development programming language that can be both used for general programs, and computer games with the use of DirectX . Since Shift Script was influenced by Microsoft Microsoft s Visual Basic , it comes built with many of the same Function computer science functions . Shift Script is shipped with a simple IDE which enables rapid development See also Microsoft BASIC BASIC Programming Language Visual Basic Microsoft s Visual Basic Comparison of programming languages References and sources Comment on references These do not appear to be reliable 3rd party sources, it would be good to improve these http upshift softwares.com index.html Shift Script Main Page http wiki.gamedev.net index.php Shift script Shift Script Information at GameDevelopment Wiki http flagwars.smfforfree2.com index.php topic,16.msg59.html msg59 Shift Script Examples in early development Category Programming languages Compu prog stub ... more details
notability date August 2010 Unreferenced date June 2007 The Knight shift is a shift in the nuclear magnetic resonance frequency of a paramagnetism paramagnetic substance first published in 1949 by the American physicist Walter David Knight . The Knight shift is due to the conduction band conduction electrons in metals. They introduce an extra effective field at the nuclear site, due to the spin physics spin orientations of the conduction electrons in the presence of an external field. This is responsible for the shift observed in the nuclear magnetic resonance. The shift comes from two sources, one is the Pauli paramagnetic spin susceptibility, the other is the s component wavefunctions at the nucleus. Depending on the electronic structure, Knight shift may be temperature dependent. However, in metals which normally have a broad featureless electronic density of states, Knight shifts are temperature independent. Category Spectroscopy Category Chemical physics physics stub ... more details
orphan date October 2009 unreferenced date December 2009 A Shift kit is an Aftermarket automotive aftermarket component for automobiles. For manual transmission equipped cars, it is a component that replaces the stock gear selector shifter . A shift kit usually shortens the throws of selecting a gear also known as a short throw shift , therefore allowing a driver to reduce the shift time and change gears more efficiently. An automatic transmission s main focus is smooth shifting between gears. To accomplish this it often goes into two gears at once while shifting up, which is known as a shift overlap. In these cars, it is a kit that can reduce or eliminate the shift overlap. It will also reduce wear because the transmission won t be trying to drive in two gears at once. Typically, adjusting the shift pattern in an automatic gearbox involves interrupting the signal from the ECU to the transmission usually with a switch, though the adjustment can be made permanent . The resultant shift pattern is usually very aggressive it will bang in to gear thus making a car a handful in the wet as well as opening the possibility of damage to already weakened transmission internals. It is advised that you service your transmission more thoroughly than usual if you undertake this adjustment. Category Automotive accessories Category Automotive transmission technologies Category Automotive industry Category Vehicle modifications automotive part stub ... more details
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