Viralzone Myoviridae Baltimore classification Category Caudovirales Category Bacteriophages ar ca Miov rid de Myoviridae es Myoviridae it Myoviridae pt Myoviridae zh ... more details
Unreferenced date April 2010 Introduction Bacteriophage P2 is a temperate phage that infects E. coli . It is a tailed virus with a contractile sheath and is thus classified in the family Myoviridae and the order Caudovirales , tailed viruses. Phage P2 has a double stranded DNA genome packaged in an icosahedral capsid with a diameter of 60 nm that is connected to a 135 nm long tail. The tail ends in a baseplate which is the control hub for phage infectivity. The baseplate includes 6 tail fibers which initially bind to receptors on the bacterial cell wall and a tail spike protein that subsequently binds irreversibly to other receptors on the cell wall. File phageP2.jpg thumb Enterobacteria phage P2 Phage P2 is a representative member of the Myoviridae There are three families in the order Caudovirales . The Siphoviridae have long flexible tails and constitute the majority of the tailed viruses. Myoviridae have long rigid tails and are fully characterized by the tail sheath that contracts upon phage attachment to bacterial host. The smallest family of tailed viruses are podoviruses phage with short, leg like tails . virus stub Category Bacteriophages ... more details
Taxobox virus group i ordo Caudovirales familia Myoviridae genus T4 like viruses subdivision ranks Species subdivision Acinetobacter phage 133 Aeromonas phage 25 Aeromonas phage 44RR2.8t Aeromonas phage 65 Aeromonas phage Aeh1 Aeromonas phage AS4 Enterobacteria phage SV14 Enterobacteria phage T4 Pseudomonas phage 42 Vibrio phage nt 1 T4 like viruses are a family of bacteriophages. ref http www.eol.org Encyclopedia of Life ref References references DEFAULTSORT T4 Like Viruses Category Bacteriophages Category Caudovirales Virus stub ... more details
Refimprove date April 2010 Taxobox virus group I ordo Caudovirales familia Myoviridae genus T4 like viruses species Enterobacteria phage T2 Image Tevenphage.svg thumb right T2 Bacteriophage Enterobacteria phage T2 is a virulent phage bacteriophage of the T4 like viruses genus, in the family Myoviridae . It infects E. coli Escherichia coli and is the best known of the T even phages. Its virus virion contains linear double stranded DNA , terminally redundant and circularly permuted. The phage is covered by a protective protein coat, which normally contains sulfur. In addition, the only molecule in the phage that contains phosphorus is its DNA . This phage can quickly turn an E. coli cell into a T2 producing factory that releases phages when the cell ruptures. Experiments conducted by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase displayed that the DNA of viruses is injected into the bacterial cells, while most of the viral proteins remain outside. The injected DNA molecules cause the bacterial cells to produce more viral DNA and proteins. These discoveries supported that DNA, rather than proteins, is the hereditary material. The first phages that were studied in detail included seven that commonly infect E. coli. They were named Type 1 T1 , Type 2 T2 , etc, for easy reference, but as it happens T2, T4 and T6 are structurally similar polyhedral head, tail structure and fibres for attaching to the surface of a bacterium , and this easily recognizable shape is now referred to as the T Even phage. Like all viruses, T Even phages cannot reproduce extracellularly. They need a host cell in which to replicate their genetic material. An organism which reproduces like this is called an obligate parasite, and in the case of the T Even phages, the process ends in the cell s death. The phage can attach to the surface of a bacterium using the proteins on its feet tail fibres , and inject its genetic material either, but not both, DNA or RNA . This genetic material uses the host cell s ribosomes to replicate ... more details
. The Myoviridae have long tails that are contractile the Podoviridae have short noncontractile tails and the Siphoviridae have long noncontractile tails. Bradley referred to the what is now known as the Myoviridae ... more details
Taxobox color violet name P1 phage image image width image caption virus group I ordo Caudovirales familia Myoviridae subfamily genus P1 like viruses species P1 Phage P1 is a temperate bacteriophage phage . The P1 phage can be used to create the P1 derived artificial chromosome cloning vector . Life cycle Temperate phage, such as P1, have the ability to exist within the bacteria l Cell biology cell they infect in two different ways. In Lysogenic cycle lysogeny , P1 can exist within a bacterial cell as a circular DNA in that it exists by DNA replication replicating as if it were a plasmid and does not cause cell death. Alternatively, in its Lytic cycle lytic phase, P1 can promote cell lysis during growth resulting in host cell death. During lysogeny new phage particles are not produced. In contrast, during lytic growth many new phage particles are assembled and released from the cell. By alternating between these two modes of infection, P1 can survive during extreme nutritional conditions that may be imposed upon the bacterial host in which it exists. A unique feature of phage P1 is that during lysogeny its genome is not incorporated into the bacterial chromosome as is commonly observed during lysogeny of other bacteriophage. Instead, P1 exists independently within the bacterial cell, much like a plasmid would. P1 replicates as a 90 Base pair kilobase kb plasmid in the lysogenic state and is partitioned equally into two new daughter cells during normal cell division . P1 encodes a site specific recombinase, Cre, that is widely used to promote cell specific or time specific DNA recombination via flanking loxP sites External links http www.expasy.org viralzone all by species 505.html Viralzone P1 like phage Microbiology stub Category Molecular biology Category Bacteriophages ... more details
Taxobox color violet name Mu phage image image width image caption virus group I ordo Caudovirales familia Myoviridae subfamily genus Mu like viruses species Mu Phage Bacteriophage Mu or phage Mu is a temperate bacteriophage , a type of virus that infects bacteria . Morphology It has an icosahedral head, a contractile tail and 6 tail fibres. ref cite book author Birge, E title Bacterial and bacteriophage genetics edition 4th publisher Springer year 2000 isbn 0387987304 ref Replication It uses DNA based Transposon transposition to integrate its genome into the genome of the host cell that it is infecting. It can then use transposition to initiate its viral DNA replication. Once the viral DNA is inserted into the bacteria, the Mu transposase protein enzyme in the cell recognises the recombination sites at the ends of the viral DNA gix L and gix R sites and binds to them, allowing the process of replicating the viral DNA or embedding it into the host genome. ref cite book author Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P title Molecular Biology of the Cell edition 4th ed. publisher Garland year 2002 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov books bv.fcgi?rid mboc4.TOC&depth 2 isbn 0815332181 ref References Reflist External links http www.expasy.org viralzone all by species 507.html Viralzone mu like viruses DEFAULTSORT Mu Phage Category Bacteriophages Category Microbiology Virus stub ... more details
of the Euryarchaeota . Taxonomy Order Caudovirales Family Myoviridae includes Enterobacteria ... , baculoviruses Baculoviridae , fish herpesvirus Herpesviridae , T even bacteriophages Myoviridae .... J Virol 74 15 7079 7084 ref Their relationship to the Asfarviridae and the Myoviridae was not examined ... phages Myoviridae . ref name Shutt2005 Shutt TE, Gray MW 2005 Bacteriophage origins of mitochondrial ... more details
Taxobox color violet name Enterobacteria phage T4 image Tevenphage.svg image width 300px image caption Structural overview of the T4 phage virus group I ordo Caudovirales familia Myoviridae subfamily genus T4 like viruses species T4 Phage Enterobacteria phage T4 is a bacteriophage that infects E. coli bacterium bacteria . Its DNA is 169 170 Base pair kbp long, and is held in an icosahedral head. T4 is a relatively large phage, at approximately 90 nanometer nm wide and 200 nm long most phages range from 25 to 200 nm in length . Its tail fibres allow attachment to a host cell, and the T4 s tail is hollow so that it can pass its nucleic acid to the cell it is infecting during attachment. T4 is capable of undergoing only a lytic lytic lifecycle and not the lysogeny lysogenic lifecycle . Tail fibers Tail fibers participate in the reversible bonding of the phage to the cellular surface of the bacteria. They are also important in recognizing the receptors and if the bacterium fits in the host range. Infection process The T4 Phage initiates infection of an E. coli bacterium by recognizing cell surface receptors of the host with its long tail fibers LTF . A recognition signal is sent through the LTFs to the baseplate. This unravels the short tail fibers STF that bind irreversibly to the E. coli cell surface. The baseplate changes conformation and the tail sheath contracts causing GP5 at the end of the tail tube to puncture the outer membrane of the cell. The lysozyme domain of GP5 is activated and degrades the periplasmic peptidoglycan layer. The remaining part of the membrane is degraded and, DNA from the head of the Phage can travel through the tail tube and enter the E. coli . Life cycle The lytic cycle lytic lifecycle from entering a bacterium to its destruction takes approximately 30 minutes at 37 C and consists of Citation needed date January 2009 Adsorption and penetration starting immediately Arrest of host gene expression starting immediately Enzyme synthe ... more details
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