The MultimediaAccelerationeXtensions or MAX are instruction set extensions to the Hewlett Packard PA RISC instruction set architecture ISA . MAX was developed to improve the performance of multimedia applications that were becoming more prevalent during the 1990s. MAX instructions operate on 32 or 64 bit SIMD data type s consisting of multiple 16 bit integers packed in general purpose registers . The available functionality includes additions, subtractions and shifts. The first version, MAX 1 , was for the 32 bit PA RISC 1.1 ISA. The second version, MAX 2 , was for the 64 bit PA RISC 2.0 ISA. Implementations MAX 1 was first implemented with the PA 7100LC in 1994. It is usually attributed as being the first SIMD extensions to an ISA. The second version, MAX 2 , was for the 64 bit PA RISC 2.0 ISA. It was first implemented in the PA 8000 microprocessor released in 1996. MAX 1 Class wikitable width 100 Instruction width 300 Description HADD Parallel add with modulo arithmetic HADD,ss Parallel add with signed saturation HADD,us Parallel add with unsigned saturation HSUB Parallel subtract with modulo arithmetic HSUB,ss Parallel subtract with signed saturation HSUB,us Parallel subtract with unsigned saturation HAVE Parallel average HSHLADD Parallel shift left and add with signed saturation HSHRADD Parallel shift right and add with signed saturation MAX 2 MAX 2 instructions operate on multiple integers in 64 bit quantities. All have a one cycle latency in the PA 8000 microprocessor ... with MAX 2 . IEEE Micro . http www.openpa.net pa risc architecture.html max MultimediaAccelerationeXtensions MAX 1 and MAX 2 PA RISC CPU Architecture OpenPA.net Multimediaextensions Category Hewlett Packard Category SIMD computing ru MultimediaAccelerationeXtensions ... MIXW Mix PERMH Permute References Lee, Ruby B. April 1995 . Accelerating Multimedia with Enhanced Microprocessors . IEEE Micro . Lee, Ruby and Huck, Jerry. 64 bit and MultimediaExtensions in the PA ... more details
nofootnotes date October 2010 primarysources date October 2010 Wireless MultimediaExtensions WME , also known as Wi Fi Multimedia WMM , is a Wi Fi Alliance interoperability certification, based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE 802.11e standard. It provides basic Quality of service QoS features to IEEE 802.11 networks. WMM prioritizes traffic according to four Access Categories AC voice, video, best effort, and background. However, it does not provide guaranteed throughput . It is suitable for simple applications that require QoS, such as Voice over IP VoIP on Wi Fi phones VoWLAN . WMM replace the traditional Wi Fi DCF distributed coordination function for traditional CSMA CA wireless frame transmission with EDCF, Enhanced Distributed Coordination Function , which according to version 1.1 of the WMM specifications by the Wi Fi Alliance, defines four Access Categories AC BK, AC BE, AC VI, AC VO labels, for the EDCA Enhanced Distributed Channel Access parameters that are used by a WMM enabled station to control how long it shall set its TXOP Transmission Opportunity , according to the information transmitted by the access point to the station, and is implemented for wireless QoS between over RF media. Power Save Certification The Wi Fi Alliance has added Power Save Certification to the WMM specification. Power Save uses mechanisms from 802.11e and legacy 802.11 to save power for battery powered equipment and fine tune power consumption. The certification provides an indication that the certified product is targeted for power critical applications like hand phones Clarify date July 2010 smartphone ? VoWLAN ? and portable power devices. Clarify date July 2010 The underlying concept of WMM PowerSave is that the station STA triggers the release of buffered data from the access point AP by sending an uplink data frame . Upon receipt of such a data ... articles. External links http www.wi fi.org knowledge center wmm Wi Fi Multimedia Specifications ... more details
Refimprove date October 2006 Multimedia is media communication media and content media and publishing ... or hand produced material. Multimedia includes a combination of Writing text , Sound audio , image still images , animation , Footage video , and interactivity content forms. Multimedia is usually recorded ... and electronic devices, but can also be part of a live performance. Multimedia as an adjective also describes electronic media devices used to store and experience multimedia content. Multimedia ... scope. The term rich media is synonymous for interactive media interactive multimedia . Hypermedia can be considered one particular multimedia application. border 0 cellpadding 3 cellspacing 0 ... in multimedia center imagemap Image ApertureDefn1707.png 80px default Writing desc none imagemap center ... center Categorization of multimediaMultimedia may be broadly divided into linear and non linear categories ... of non linear content. Multimedia presentation s can be live or recorded. A recorded presentation may allow interactivity via a Spatial navigation navigation system . A live multimedia presentation ... of multimediaMultimedia presentations may be viewed by person on Stage theatre stage , Image projector ... . A broadcasting broadcast may be a live or recorded multimedia presentation. Broadcasts and recordings .... Digital online multimedia may be downloaded or Streaming media streamed . Streaming multimedia may be live or on demand. Multimedia games and simulations may be used in a physical environment with special ... multimedia may be intended to enhance the users experience, for example to make it easier and faster ... multimedia performance. Enhanced levels of interactivity are made possible by combining multiple forms of media content. Online multimedia is increasingly becoming object oriented and data driven, enabling ..., allowing the multimedia experience to be altered without reprogramming. In addition to seeing ... illusions of taste and odor smell may also enhance the multimedia experience. Terminology History ... more details
Contract law An acceleration clause , in the law of contracts , is a term that fully matures the performance due from a party upon a breach of the contract. Such clauses are most prevalent in mortgages and similar contracts to purchase real estate in installments. Suppose, for example, the contract was for A to purchase Blackacre from B for 100,000, to be paid in 5 monthly installments of 20,000. If A makes the first two payments, but fails to make the third payment, an acceleration clause would require that A must immediately pay B the entire balance of 60,000, or lose his right to purchase Blackacre without getting a refund of his 40,000 . A sample acceleration clause reads like this In the event of default in the payment of any of the said installments or said interest when due as herein provided, time being of the essence hereof, the holder of this note may, without notice or demand, declare the entire principal sum then unpaid immediately due and payable. External links http www.quazell.com BusinessLetters ltrpromnot3.html Promissory Note Installment With Acceleration Clause http www.investorwords.com 36 acceleration clause.html Acceleration Clause Investorwords.com DEFAULTSORT Acceleration Clause Category Contract law Category Contract clauses law term stub ... more details
orphan date August 2010 Cloud acceleration is one form of delivering web content and applications as quickly as possible. Cloud acceleration is similar to a content delivery network , or CDN, in that it attempts to get content to users as quickly as possible. While CDNs rely on Edge computing edge caching , cloud acceleration optimizes the delivery path and routes content through public or private, managed networks ref Cloud Computing Journal, Next Generation Content Delivery Cloud Acceleration, By Jonathan Hoppe Jul. 22, 2010 http cloudcomputing.sys con.com node 1471257 ref . References See Wikipedia Footnotes on how to create references using ref ref tags which will then appear here automatically Reflist Category Cloud computing ... more details
Classical mechanics cTopic Fundamental concepts Angular acceleration is the rate of change of angular velocity over time . In SI units, it is measured in radian s per second squared rad s sup 2 sup , and is usually denoted by the Greek letter alpha letter alpha . ref http theory.uwinnipeg.ca physics circ node3.html ref Mathematical definition The angular acceleration can be defined as either math alpha frac d omega dt frac d 2 theta dt 2 math , or br math alpha frac a T r math , where math omega math is the angular velocity , math a T math is the linear tangential acceleration , and r is the distance from the origin of the coordinate system that defines math theta math and math omega math to the point of interest. Equations of motion For rotation rotational motion , Newton s laws of motion Newton s second law Newton s second law can be adapted to describe the relation between torque and angular acceleration math tau I alpha math , where math tau math is the total torque exerted on the body, and math I math is the Moment of inertia mass moment of inertia of the body. Constant acceleration For all constant values of the torque, math tau math , of an object, the angular acceleration will also be constant. For this special case of constant angular acceleration, the above equation will produce a definitive, constant value for the angular acceleration math alpha frac tau I . math Non constant acceleration For any non constant torque, the angular acceleration of an object will change with time. The equation becomes a differential equation instead of a constant value. This differential equation is known as the equation of motion of the system and can completely describe the motion of the object. It is also the best way to calculate the angular velocity. See also Angular momentum Angular speed Angular velocity Rotation Spin physics Spin References reflist Category Physical quantities ar be be x old bs Ugaono ubrzanje cs hlov ... more details
of other measurements The Particle acceleration of the air particles a in m s of a plain sound wave ... m second s particle acceleration v Meters per second m s particle velocity m, meter s particle ... more details
unreferenced date July 2009 Hardware acceleration in computing is the use of hardware to perform some function faster than is possible in computer software software running on the general purpose Central processing unit CPU . Examples of hardware acceleration include blitting acceleration functionality in graphics processing unit s GPUs and instructions for complex operations in CPUs. Normally, processors are sequential, and instructions are executed one by one. Various techniques are used to improve performance hardware acceleration is one of them. The main difference between hardware and software is concurrency computer science concurrency , allowing hardware to be much faster than software. Hardware accelerators are designed for computationally intensive software code. Depending upon granularity, hardware acceleration can vary from a small functional unit to a large functional block like motion estimation in MPEG 2 . The hardware that performs the acceleration, when in a separate unit from the CPU, is referred to as a hardware accelerator , or often more specifically as graphics accelerator or floating point unit floating point accelerator , etc. Those terms, however, are older and have been replaced with less descriptive terms like video card or graphics card . Recently, regular expression hardware acceleration has been gaining popularity in the server industry, owing to very noticeable speed ups in anti spam techniques spam control . citation needed date January 2011 See also GPGPU TCP Offload Engine Categories Category Computer hardware de Hardwarebeschleunigung es Aceleraci n por hardware fr Acc l ration mat rielle ko it Acceleratore informatica nl Hardware acceleratie ja ru sr sv H rdvaruacceleration zh ... more details
In relativity theory, proper acceleration ref Edwin F. Taylor & John Archibald Wheeler 1966 1st ed. only ... acceleration i.e., measurable acceleration as by an accelerometer experienced by an object. It is acceleration relative to a free fall , or inertial, observer who is momentarily at rest relative to the object being measured. This contrasts with coordinate acceleration, which is dependent on choice ... of special relativity, for unidirectional motion, proper acceleration is the rate of change of proper velocity with respect to coordinate time. The proper acceleration 3 vector, combined with a null time component, yields the object s four acceleration , which makes proper acceleration s magnitude ... in a rocket standing at the gantry, the proper acceleration is the acceleration felt by the occupants, and which is described as g force see that article for more discussion of proper acceleration . ref Relativity By Wolfgang Rindler pg 71 ref Neither the acceleration of gravity or force of gravity contribute to proper accelerations, and thus the proper acceleration felt by observers standing ... and the observer allowed to fall, the observer will experience coordinate acceleration, but no proper acceleration, and no g force. Similarly, objects in ballistic paths in vacuum and objects in orbit neglecting tidal forces experience no proper acceleration. This state is also known as zero gravity, or free fall, and it produces a feeling of weightlessness . Proper acceleration reduces to coordinate acceleration in an inertial coordinate system in flat spacetime i.e. in the absence of gravity ... in such situations is coordinate acceleration entirely felt as g force. In situations in which ... velocity you experience a radially inward centripetal acceleration centripetal proper acceleration due ... acceleration associated with your Rotating reference frame spinning coordinate frame . This outward acceleration from the spinning frame s perspective will become the coordinate acceleration when you ... more details
No footnotes date April 2009 Fermi acceleration ref M. A. Lieberman and A. J. Lichtenberg, Phys. Rev. A 5, 1852 1972 ref , sometimes referred to as diffusive shock acceleration a subclass of Fermi acceleration , is the acceleration that charge physics charged Subatomic particle particles undergo when being repeatedly reflected, usually by a magnetic mirror . This is thought to be the primary mechanism by which particles gain non thermal energies in astrophysical shock waves . It plays a very important role in many astrophysical models, mainly of shocks including solar flares and supernova remnant s. It is studied by using the Fermi Ulam model . There are two types of Fermi acceleration First order Fermi acceleration in shocks and Second Order Fermi acceleration in the environment of moving magnetized gas clouds . In both cases the environment has to be collisionless in order for the mechanism to be effective. This is because Fermi acceleration only applies to particles with energies exceeding the thermal energies, and frequent collisions with surrounding particles will cause severe energy loss and as a result no acceleration will occur. First order Fermi acceleration Shock waves typically have moving magnetic inhomogeneities both preceding and following them. Consider the case of a charged ... can cross the shock and enter the game of acceleration. It is presently unclear what mechanism causes the particles to initially have energies sufficiently high to do so. Second order Fermi acceleration Second order Fermi Acceleration relates to the amount of energy gained during the motion of a charged ... second order Fermi acceleration, because the mean energy gain per bounce depends on the mirror velocity ... setup is very similar to the one found for first order Fermi acceleration. References reflist ... David Darling s article on Fermi acceleration http arxiv.org abs astro ph 0610141 Rieger, Bosch Ramon and Duffy Fermi acceleration in astrophysical jets. Astrophys.Space Sci. 309 119 125 2007 Category ... more details
refimprove date December 2010 In physics , gravitational acceleration is the acceleration on an object caused by force of gravity gravity . Neglecting friction such as air resistance, all small bodies accelerate in a gravitational field at the same rate relative to the center of mass. ref cite book title Physics, the human adventure from Copernicus to Einstein and beyond edition 3rd author Gerald James Holton and Stephen G. Brush publisher Rutgers University Press year 2001 isbn 9780813529080 page 113 url http books.google.com books?id czaGZzR0XOUC&pg PA113&dq 22gravitational acceleration 22 22all objects 22 neglecting air&hl en&ei KSb8TIDVIofGsAOUsNX2DQ&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 1&ved 0CCgQ6AEwAA v onepage&q 22gravitational 20acceleration 22 20 22all 20objects 22 20neglecting 20air&f false ref This equality is true regardless of the masses or compositions of the bodies. At different points on Earth, objects fall with an acceleration between 9.78 and 9.82 m s sup 2 sup depending on latitude , with a convention norm conventional standard gravity standard value of exactly 9.80665 m s sup 2 sup approx. 32.174 ft s sup 2 sup . Objects with low densities do not accelerate ... acceleration at a point in space is given by math mathbf hat g G M over r 2 mathbf hat r math where ... between the two objects. G is the gravitational constant of the universe. The relative acceleration ... G M m over r 2 mathbf hat r math Thus, for a given total mass, relative gravitational acceleration ... gravitational acceleration is almost independent of the smaller mass. All small masses brought in from far away and dropped one at a time will experience the same acceleration, relative to an inertial ... force fictitious force . There is no gravitational acceleration, in that the proper acceleration and hence four acceleration of objects in free fall are zero. Rather than undergoing an acceleration ... gravity Gravity of Earth Gravimetry DEFAULTSORT Gravitational Acceleration Category Gravimetry Category ... more details
Plasma Wakefield acceleration is a technique for accelerating charged particle s, such as electron s, positron s and ion s, using an electric field associated with an Plasma oscillation electron plasma wave . The wave is created either using electron pulses or through the passage of a very brief laser pulses, a technique known as laser plasma acceleration . These techniques appear to offer a way to build high performance particle accelerator s of much smaller size than conventional devices at the expense of coherency. Current experimental devices show accelerating gradients several orders of magnitude better than current particle accelerators. For example, an experimental laser plasma accelerator ... that is used for particle acceleration. A particle injected into the plasma near the high density area will experience an acceleration toward or away from it, an acceleration that continues ... to colloquially as surfatron s. The advantage of plasma acceleration is that its acceleration field ... dielectric breakdown of the acceleration tube. This limits the amount of acceleration over ... be created based on plasma acceleration techniques or accelerators for much higher energy can be built, if long accelerators are realizable with an accelerating field of 10 GV m. Plasma acceleration is categorized ... acceleration PWFA The electron plasma wave is formed by an electron bunch laser wakefield acceleration LWFA A laser pulse is introduced to form an electron plasma wave. laser beat wave acceleration ... modulated laser wakefield acceleration SMLWFA The formation of an electron plasma wave is achieved ... of plasma acceleration was first proposed by Toshiki Tajima and John Dawson in a theoretical ... acceleration, which was performed with PWFA, was reported by a research group at Argonne National ... Acceleration. Phys. Rev. Lett. 61 98 101 doi 10.1103 PhysRevLett.61.98 ref Formula The acceleration ... Advanced Accelerators Plasma Acceleration PBWA Plasma Acceleration at PBPL 2003 A. Ogata, http ... more details
In special relativity , four acceleration is a four vector and is defined as the change in four velocity over the particle s proper time math mathbf A frac d mathbf U d tau left gamma u dot gamma u c, gamma u 2 mathbf a gamma u dot gamma u mathbf u right left gamma u 4 frac mathbf a cdot mathbf u c , gamma u 2 mathbf a gamma u 4 frac left mathbf a cdot mathbf u right c 2 mathbf u right math , where math mathbf a d mathbf u over dt math and math dot gamma u frac mathbf a cdot u c 2 gamma u 3 frac mathbf a cdot u c 2 frac 1 left 1 frac u 2 c 2 right 3 2 math and math gamma u math is the Lorentz factor for the speed math u math . A dot above a variable indicates a derivative with respect to the coordinate time in a given reference frame, not the proper time math tau math . In an instantaneously co moving inertial reference frame math mathbf u 0 math , math gamma u 1 math and math dot gamma u 0 math , i.e. in such a reference frame math mathbf A left 0, mathbf a right math Geometrically, four acceleration is a curvature vector of world line . ref http www.britannica.com EBchecked topic 147246 curvature vector Curvature vector on Britannica ref Therefore, the magnitude of the four acceleration which is an invariant scalar is equal to the proper acceleration that a moving particle feels moving along a world line . The world lines having constant magnitude of four acceleration are Minkowski circles i.e. hyperbolas see hyperbolic motion relativity hyperbolic motion The scalar product of a four velocity and the corresponding four acceleration is always 0. Even at relativistic speeds four acceleration is related to the four force such that math F mu mA mu math where m is the invariant mass of a particle. In general relativity the elements of the acceleration four vector are related to the elements of the four velocity through a covariant derivative with respect to proper time. math ... references DEFAULTSORT Four Acceleration Category Minkowski spacetime Category Relativity es ... more details
Image Sun crypto accelerator 1000.jpg thumb PCI Crypto Accelerator SSL acceleration is a method of offloading the processor intensive public key encryption algorithms involved in Transport Layer Security SSL transactions to a hardware accelerator. Typically, this is a separate card that plugs into a Conventional PCI PCI slot in a computer that contains one or more Coprocessor co processors able to handle much of the SSL processing. The most computationally expensive part of an SSL session is the SSL handshake, where the SSL server usually an SSL webserver and the SSL client usually a web browser agree on a number of parameters that establish the security of the connection. Part of the role of the SSL handshake is to agree on session keys symmetric keys, used for the duration of a given session , but the encryption and signature of the SSL handshake messages itself is done using asymmetric keys contained in the certificates , which requires more computational power than the symmetric cryptography used for the encryption decryption of the session data. Typically a hardware SSL accelerator will offload processing of the SSL handshake while leaving the server software to process the less intense Symmetric key algorithm symmetric cryptography of the actual SSL data exchange, but some accelerators act as a proxy handling all SSL operations and leaving the server seeing only unencrypted connections. Vendors A10 Networks Barracuda Networks Array Networks CAI Networks Cavium Networks Cisco Systems Citrix Systems Coyote point systems Crescendo Networks F5 Networks Foundry Networks Freescale Semiconductor Hifn IBM jetNEXUS Juniper Networks KEMP Technologies Nortel Networks Radware Riverbed ... Information Site Dedicated to SSL Acceleration http www1.us.dell.com content topics global.aspx power en ps1q02 ssl?c us&l en&s gen Overview of SSL Acceleration Implementations http www.windowsecurity.com articles SSL Acceleration Offloading Security Implications.html SSL Acceleration ... more details
Orphan date December 2010 In physics the study of rigid body motion provides for several ways of defining the acceleration state of a rigid body. The classical definition of acceleration entails following a single particle point along the rigid body and observing its changes of velocity . In this article the notion of spatial acceleration is explored, which entails looking at a fixed unmoving point in space and observing the changes of velocity of whatever particle point happens to coincide with the observation point. This is similar to the acceleration definition fluid dynamics where typically one can measure velocity and or accelerations on a fixed locate inside a testing apparatus. Definition Consider a moving rigid body and the velocity of a particle point P along the body being a function of time and position. math vec v P vec v t, vec r P math The spatial acceleration Expand section date June 2008 References cite book title Fluid Mechanics author Frank M. White publisher McGraw Hill Professional year 2003 isbn 0072402172 . cite book title Robot Dynamics Algorithms author Roy Featherstone publisher Springer year 1987 isbn 0898382300 . This reference effectively combines screw theory with rigid body dynamics mechanics dynamics for robotic applications. The author also chooses to use spatial accelerations extensively in place of material accelerations as they simplify the equations and allows for compact notation. JPL DARTS page has a section on spatial operator algebra link http dshell.jpl.nasa.gov SOA index.php as well as an extensive list of references link http dshell.jpl.nasa.gov References index.php . cite book title Springer Handbook of Robotics author Bruno Siciliano, Oussama Khatib publisher Springer year 2008 isbn . Page 41 link Google Books http books.google.com books?id Xpgi5gSuBxsC&printsec frontcover PPA40,M1 defines spatial accelerations for use in rigid body mechanics. Category Rigid bodies ... more details
Academic acceleration is the advancement of students in subjects at a rate that places them ahead of where they would be in the regular school curriculum. Acceleration is most often used as an intervention to accommodate the learning needs of gifted and talented students. According to A Nation Deceived , the following types of acceleration exist ref Types of Acceleration Dimensions and Issues, by W. T. Southern and E. D. Jones, A Nation Deceived, V. II , Chapter 1, pp. 5 12. ref Early Admission to Kindergarten Students enter kindergarten prior to the minimum age for school entry as set by district or state policy. Early Admission to First Grade where kindergarten does not exist This practice can result from either the skipping of kindergarten, or from accelerating the student from kindergarten in what would be the student s first year of school. Grade skipping Grade Skipping Continuous Progress The student is given content progressively as prior content is completed and mastered. Self Paced Instruction The student proceeds through learning and instructional activities at a self selected pace. Self paced instruction is a sub type of continuous progress acceleration. Subject Matter Acceleration Partial Acceleration This practice allows students to be placed with classes with older peers for a part of the day or with materials from higher grade placements in one or more content areas. Combined Classes While not, in and of itself, a practice designed for acceleration, in some instances e.g., a fourth and fifth grade split room , this placement can allow younger students to interact ... form of mastery test or activity. Acceleration in College The student completes two or more majors ... or by determination of college teachers and administrators. Academic acceleration also occurs ... Guidelines Guidelines for Developing an Academic Acceleration Policy http www.accelerationinstitute.org The Institute for Research and Policy on Acceleration IRPA Category Gifted education education ... more details
refimprove date February 2010 Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Acceleration Type studio Artist Age of Silence Cover Released September 14, 2004 Recorded 2004 Genre Avant garde metal , progressive metal Length 45 10 Label The End Records Producer Andy Winter Reviews Allmusic Rating 3.5 5 ref Allmusic class album id r706222 pure url yes Allmusic review ref This album Acceleration br 2004 Next album Complication Trilogy Of Intricacy br 2005 Acceleration is the first full length album by Norway Norwegian avant garde metal avant garde progressive metal band Age of Silence . It was released on September 14, 2004. Track listing Auditorium of Modern Movements Winter, Lazare 3 36 Acceleration Winter, Lazare 4 30 The Concept of Hate Winter, Lazare 4 09 A Song for D. Incorporated Winter, Lazare 4 58 The Green Office and the Dark Desk Drawer Winter, Lazare 4 17 The Flow at 9 30 am Winter, Lazare 6 25 Of Concrete and Glass Winter, Lazare 3 14 90 Angles Extant, Lazare 7 19 I No Longer Know If I Am Mad Extant, Kobbergaard 2 28 Synthetic, Fabricated, Calculated Extant, Lazare 4 11 Personnel Lars Nedland Lars Are Lazare Nedland Singing vocals Jan Axel Blomberg Jan Axel Hellhammer Blomberg Drum kit drums Lars Eikind Si Bass guitar bass , Backing vocalist backing vocals Joacim Extant Solheim guitar Helge Kobbergaard Haugen Electric guitar guitar , vocals on I No Longer Know If I Am Mad Andy Winter musician Andy Winter Keyboard instrument keyboards References Reflist Category Age of Silence albums Category 2004 albums Category Debut albums Category The End Records albums ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2007 Citations missing article date May 2007 Redir Download accelerator the specific proprietary program for Windows and Mac OS X Download Accelerator Plus Download acceleration , also known as multipart download, is a term for the method employed by software such as download manager s to download a single file by splitting it in segments and using several simultaneous connections to download these segments from a single server. The reason for doing so is to circumvent server side limitations of bandwidth per connection. Because in normal networking situations all individual connections are treated equally, rather than actual file transfers, multiple connections yields an advantage on saturated links over simple connections, both in terms of total bandwidth allocation and resilience. Many servers, however, implement a maximum number of simultaneous connections per client in order to mitigate this. This is not to be confused with segmented downloading , which allows a client to download segments of a file simultaneously from multiple servers. Download managers DEFAULTSORT Download Acceleration Category Data transmission Compu network stub ... more details
unreferenced date February 2007 TCP acceleration is the name of a series of techniques for achieving better throughput on an Internet connection than standard Transmission Control Protocol TCP achieves, without modifying the end applications. It is an alternative or a supplement to TCP tuning . Commonly used approaches include ACK pacing , TCP Proxy server transparent proxies in two or more middlebox es, and TCP Offload Engine TCP offload engines . TCP transparent proxies TCP transparent proxies involve breaking of long end to end control loops to several smaller control loops by intercepting and relaying TCP connections within the network. By adopting this procedure, they allow for the TCP flows to have a shorter reaction time to packet losses which may occur within the network and thus guarantees a higher throughput. The idea of a TCP accelerator is to terminate TCP connections inside the network processor and then relay the data to a second connection toward the end system. The data packets that originate from the sender are buffered at the accelerator node, which is responsible for performing local retransmissions in the event of packet loss. Thus, in case of losses, the feedback loop between the sender and the receiver is shortened to the one between the acceleration node and the receiver which guarantees a faster delivery of data to the receiver. Since TCP is a rate adaptive protocol, the rate at which the TCP sender injects packets into the network is directly proportional to the prevailing load condition within the network as well as the processing capacity of the receiver. The prevalent conditions within the network are judged by the sender on the basis of the acknowlgedgments received by it. The acceleration node splits the feedback loop between the sender and the receiver and thus guarantees a shorter round trip time RTT per packet. A shorter RTT is beneficial ..., not delivered to the receiver. See also TCP tuning Category TCP IP Acceleration Category ... more details
Cognitive acceleration describes a lesson style originally developed by Michael Shayer and Philip Adey at King s College London which is designed to promote student s thinking from concrete to formal , abstract thinking. The first series used a secondary science context CASE Cognitive Acceleration through Science Education . Students experienced 16 Cognitive Acceleration lessons per year for two years. These replaced some of their normal sciences lessons, they were not extra lessons. As a comparison, a similar control group did not experience the CASE lessons, but had their usual conventional science lessons instead. Compared to the control group, the CASE students not only scored about one grade better in their GCSE science, but their Maths and English GCSE grades were also improved by about the same amount. ref Adey, P. S.. 1993 . Accelerating the development of formal thinking in Middle and High school students IV three years on after a two year intervention . Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 30, 4, 351 366. ref It is very rare to see such transfer of learning to other subjects in educational research which suggests that something very deep is happening. Cognitive Acceleration appears to teach intelligence . More recent developments have used primary and secondary Maths CAME , with similarly successful research evidence. These resources are Thinking Maths KS3 , Primary CAME Cognitive Acceleration in Maths Education for years 5 and 6, and Let s Think resources for Early ... Routledge Adey, P. Ed. 2008, forthcoming . Let s Think Handbook A Guide to Cognitive Acceleration ... Cognitive Acceleration across the curriculum from 5 to 15 years. Milton Keynes Open University Press ..., 30, 4, 351 366. Shayer, M., 1999 . Cognitive acceleration through science education II its ... of the Cognitive Acceleration through Mathematics Education CAME project Teacher s Guide. London ... www.cognitiveacceleration.co.uk www.cognitiveacceleration.co.uk The website for CAME Cognitive Acceleration ... more details
generalize date May 2010 Foreclosure Acceleration Advert date June 2008 refimprove date May 2010 Mortgage acceleration is a term given to the practice of paying off a mortgage loan faster than required by terms of the mortgage agreement. As interest on mortgages is compound interest compounded , early payments diminish the period needed to pay off the mortgage, and avoid a quotient of compounded interest. In addition, Foreclosure Accelerationacceleration may refer to a clause in a mortgage note that allows the mortgage holder to declare the entire debt of a Default finance defaulted mortgagor due and payable. A commonplace method of mortgage acceleration is a so called bi weekly payment plan, in which half of the normal calendar monthly payment is made every two weeks, so that 13 12 of the yearly amount due is paid per annum. Commonplace too, is the practice of making ad hoc additional payments. The agreements associated with certain mortgages preclude or penalize early payments. However, another type of mortgage acceleration concept appears to have been embraced by a variety of financial institutions and intermediaries, which offer products such as methods, software, mortgage linked checking accounts , and home equity line of credit loan facilities advertised as being capable of assisting in achieving mortgage acceleration, and available at a range of premiums. Most of these mortgage acceleration also called mortgage reduction , interest reduction or debt reduction programs or software are based on a trick. The basic claim made is that by using a particular type of loan in a particular way often following a program , the borrower can cut many years off the mortgage without making additional repayments or similarly, that although additional payments are made, the savings increase significantly due to the use of a particular loan and or strategy. The concept usually involves a type of loan that allows the borrower to use the loan as their day to day transaction account ... more details
to the House of Lords through a writ of acceleration as Baron Hawkesbury in 1803. A writ in acceleration , commonly called a writ of acceleration , was a type of Hereditary peer Writs of summons .... The procedure of writs of acceleration was introduced by Edward IV of England King Edward IV in the mid 15th century. It was a fairly rare occurrence, and only 98 writs of acceleration were issued in over 400 years. The last writ of acceleration was issued in 1992 to the Conservative Party UK ... . The procedure of writs of acceleration was abolished through the House of Lords Act 1999 House .... Procedure A writ of acceleration was granted only if the title being accelerated was a subsidiary ... of a writ of acceleration was summoned in one of his father s barony baronies . For example, William ... writs of acceleration after 1707 and 1801, respectively, as holders of titles in these peerages were ... pa ld199899 ldhansrd vo990511 text 90511 23.htm ref Acceleration can affect the numbering ... son receives the barony by acceleration and dies childless before his father. His brother will eventually become second Earl Z but third Baron X. Notable examples Two issues of writs of acceleration may ... Strange for more information . Another noteworthy writ of acceleration was issued in 1717 to Charles ... for a writ of acceleration in his father s peerage of Baron Butler, of Lanthony cr. 1660 . Alternatives ... of Lords, the alternative to a writ of acceleration was to create a completely new peerage. For example ... a writ of acceleration in the aforementioned title of Baron Stanley, of Bickerstaffe. Eldest sons of peers who had not received a writ of acceleration or a new peerage were eligible to stand for election ... sons of peers to sit in the House of Commons, than to receive a writ of acceleration or a new ... Leveson Gower, Earl Gower Baron Gower Duke of Sutherland 1833 At the time of the writ of acceleration ... 106i07.htm Format for Writs in Acceleration and of Summons DEFAULTSORT Writ Of Acceleration Category ... more details
Earth s rotation and lengthening the day by about 2 ms every one hundred years. Tidal acceleration ... planet that it orbits e.g. the Earth . The acceleration is usually negative, as it causes ... history of the secular acceleration Edmond Halley was the first to suggest, in 1695, ref E Halley ... as a positive acceleration. In 1749 Richard Dunthorne confirmed Halley s suspicion after re examining ... of the Wood Wardian Museum at Cambridge, concerning the Acceleration of the Moon , Philosophical ... 49 , p669 675 as On the Acceleration of the Moon, by the Rev. Richard Dunthorne . ref a centurial ... P Puiseux 1879 , http archive.numdam.org article ASENS 1879 2 8 361 0.pdf Sur l acceleration seculaire ... s apparent acceleration could be accounted for on Laplace s basis by the change in the Earth ... acceleration, earth retardation and tidal friction at pages 144 146. ref The question depended on correct ... rate was lengthening the unit of time and causing a lunar acceleration that was only apparent ... intervals. If other effects were ignored, tidal acceleration would continue until the rotational ..., removing the bulk of the tidal friction and acceleration. Even without this, the slowdown to a month ... into a red giant and possibly destroy both the Earth and Moon. Tidal acceleration and solar mass ... it from destruction. Tidal acceleration is one of the few examples in the dynamics of the solar ... part of tidal acceleration, and leads to permanent loss of energy from the dynamical system .... This yields numerical values for the Moon s secular acceleration in longitude and the rate of change ... 202. doi 10.1098 rsta.1995.0028 ref The other consequence of tidal acceleration is the deceleration ... in the moment of inertia the acceleration of rotation can be computed the average value over the historical .... Other cases of tidal acceleration Most natural satellites of the planets undergo tidal acceleration ... Smith DEFAULTSORT Tidal Acceleration Category Tides Category Geodesy Category Celestial mechanics ... more details
In mathematics , series acceleration is one of a collection of sequence transformation s for improving the rate of convergence of a series mathematics series . Techniques for series acceleration are often applied in numerical analysis , where they are used to improve the speed of numerical integration . Series acceleration techniques may also be used, for example, to obtain a variety of identities on special functions . Thus, the Euler transform applied to the hypergeometric series gives some of the classic, well known hypergeometric series identities. Definition Given a sequence math S s n n in N math having a limit math lim n to infty s n ell, math an accelerated series is a second sequence math S s n n in N math which converges faster to math ell math than the original sequence, in the sense that math lim n to infty frac s n ell s n ell 0. math If the original sequence is Divergent series divergent , the sequence transformation acts as an extrapolation method to the antilimit math ell math . The mappings from the original to the transformed series may be linear as defined in the article sequence transformation s , or non linear. In general, the non linear sequence transformations tend to be more powerful. Overview Two classical techniques for series acceleration are Euler s transformation of series ref AS ref 3, eqn 3.6.27 16 ref and Kummer s transformation of series ref AS ref 3, eqn 3.6.26 16 ref . A variety of much more rapidly convergent and special case tools have been developed in the 20th century, including Richardson extrapolation , introduced by Lewis Fry Richardson in the early 20th century but also known and used by Takebe Kenko Katahiro Takebe in 1722, the Aitken delta squared process , introduced by Alexander Aitken in 1926 but also known and used by Takakazu Seki in the 18th century, the epsilon algorithm given by Peter Wynn mathematician Peter Wynn in 1956 ... conv accel.pdf Convergence Acceleration of Alternating Series , Experimental Mathematics , 9 ... more details
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