Multifactorial can refer to The factorial Multifactorials multifactorial in mathematics. Multifactorial inheritance , a pattern of predisposition for a disease process. disambig ... more details
known as quantitative or multifactorial inheritance , refers to inheritance of a phenotype phenotypic ... depicted by a Normal distribution bell curve . ref cite author Ricki Lewis title Multifactorial Traits ... of multifactorial etiology Congenital malformation Cleft palate ref name Proud cite web coauthors Proud, Virginia and Roberts, Helen title Medical Genetics Multifactorial Inheritance publisher Children ... cite web title Multifactorial Inheritance work Pregnancy and Newborn Health Education Centre publisher ... 1rtissot xta.com title Human Genetics for 1st Year Students Multifactorial Inheritance date url http ... of South Dakota School of Medicine title Multifactorial Inheritance work Clinical Genetics A Self ... 2006 12 30 ref Multifactorial traits in general Generally, multifactorial traits outside of illness ... skin color, and body mass. ref name MedicineNet cite web title Definition of Multifactorial inheritance ... the threshold and away from the mean. ref name Turnpenny Heritable disease and multifactorial inheritance ... the presence of environmental triggers, we say that the disease is the result of multifactorial ... will resemble a normal distribution normal, or Gaussian distribution. ref name Tissot This shows that multifactorial ... used to define multifactorial disease has encountered much disagreement. Turnpenny 2004 discusses ... of different family pedigrees before a conclusion of multifactorial inheritance is drawn. This often takes several years. If multifactorial inheritance is indeed the case, then the chance of the patient ... more details
In 1977 Goldman, et al., developed the first cardiac risk index for patient s above 40 years of age about to be operated by looking at nine variables, which increased the risk of perioperative cardiac complications. ref Goldman L, Caldera DL, Nussbaum SR, Southwick FS, Krogstad D, Murray B, et al. Multifactorial index of cardiac risk in noncardiac surgical procedures. N Engl J Med 1977 297 845 50 PMID 904659 ref These variables are preoperative third heart sound or jugular venous distention myocardial infarction in the preceding six months more than five premature ventricular contraction s per minute documented at any time before surgery operation cardiac rhythm other than sinus rhythm or presence of premature atrial contraction s on preoperative electrocardiogram age over 70 years intraperitoneal, intrathoracic or aortic operation emergency operation important aortic valvular stenosis poor general medical condition Since 1977, multiple cardiac risk indices and guidelines for preoperative cardiac evaluation have been developed. See also ASA physical status classification system Dolorimeter pain index References references Anesthesia DEFAULTSORT Goldman Index Category Anesthesia Category Surgery Category Cardiac risk Category Patient safety ... more details
Introduction Porcine adenovirus aka pADV 1 5 or pADV A C is a member of the adenoviridae family . It causes gastrointestinal disease in young pigs and is thought to contribute to multifactorial porcine respiratory diseases complexes. Several strains of the virus can be found worldwide, and transmission occurs Horizontal transmission horizontally by the Fecal oral route oro faecal route . Clinical Signs Infection is often subclinical , and when clinical signs are seen they are mild and short lived . Gastrointestinal signs such as diarrhoea , Anorexia symptom anorexia and dehydration are most commonly seen in Domestic pig piglets . Reproductive signs such as abortion can be seen in adult Suidae sows . Respiratory signs such as coughing can be seen if the infection is part of a mutlifactorial respiratory disease complex. Diagnosis & Treatment Histology , virus isolation, electron microscopy , immunoperoxidase and Immunofluorescence immunofluorescent staining , immunodiffusion , Complement fixation tests complement fixation , virus neutralisation and ELISA can all be used to confirm diagnosis. Generally no treatment is required. See Also Adenoviridae Bovine adenovirus References Porcine Adenovirus, reviewed and published by WikiVet at http en.wikivet.net Porcine Adenovirus, accessed 16 09 2011. Category Animal virology Category Viral diseases Veterinary med stub ... more details
Infobox disease Name Tendinopathy Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D052256 Tendinopathy refers to a disease of a tendon . More specifically, it can refer to Tendinitis Tendinosis Tendon injury arise from a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors acute tendon injuries may be predominantly caused by extrinsic factors, whereas in overuse syndromes as in the case of tendinopathy it may be caused by multifactorial combinations of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. An example of an intrinsic factor for tendinopathies are poor biomechanics such as limb malaligments and hyperpronation that may cause increased traction loads acting on the foot and ankle that may increase the incidence of Achilles, flexor hallucis longus and posterior tibialis tendinopathies. The exact etiology of tedinopathies has not been fully elucidated and different stresses may induce varying responses. There are multifactorial theories such as tensile overload, tenocyte related collagen synthesis disruption, tendon load induced ischemia, neural sprouting, and histological adaptive compressive responses seen as some of the causative factors that give rise to activity disruption and disability due to tendinopathies. The most commonly accepted cause for this condition however is seen to be an overuse syndrome in combination with intrinsic and extrinsic factors leading to what may be seen as a progressive interference or the failing of the innate healing response Treatment Steroid injects are helpful in the short term first approximately 4 weeks however their long term effectiveness is not known, and quality of evidence for its use remains poor and controversial. ref cite web url http www.thelancet.com journals lancet article PIIS0140 6736 2810 2961160 9 abstract title Efficacy and safety of corticosteroid injections and other injections for management of tendinopathy a systematic review of randomised controlled trials The Lancet format ... more details
Christian Kerr , an Australia n political commentator who wrote for the email news service Crikey before joining The Australian in 2008. Prior to becoming a writer Kerr was a staffer to South Australia n Liberal Party of Australia Liberal Senators Robert Hill Australian politician Robert Hill , Amanda Vanstone and former Premiers of South Australia South Australian Premier John Olsen . In February 2000 Crikey founder and former editor Stephen Mayne introduced the new contributor Hillary Bray blockquote Are you sick of only hearing about Federal politics from political journalists. Would you rather get an insight from a government insider. Well, you ve come to the right place. Hillary Bray is one of two sexes male or female. He she has definitely worked for the Howard government and may still do we re not saying. This is his her first column for Crikey. ref http crikey.com.au Politics 20060614 Howard Government Insider Writes For Crikey.html Crikey Subscriber email, February 2000 ref blockquote The pseudonym came from a James Bond book. Christian Kerr took up the role of Hillary Bray after his work as a political staffer led to an extended period of depression, alcoholism, drug abuse, and multifactorial political disillusionment. He continued to write about politics for Crikey under his own name. ref http www.theage.com.au articles 2004 07 03 1088488200420.html The Age, July 2004 ref Since he outed himself as the person behind the pseudonym Hillary Bray, he has joined the Canberra Press Gallery and broadened the topics he covered in Crikey beyond just politics. In 2008 he joined the journalistic staff of Rupert Murdoch Rupert Murdoch s The Australian . References references Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Kerr, Christian ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Kerr, Christian Category Australian political journalists Category Australian journalist stubs Category Living people Austra ... more details
Mary Tinetti is an American physician, and Gladys Phillips Crofoot Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Public Health at Yale University , and Director of the Yale Program on Aging. ref http www.med.yale.edu intmed faculty tinetti.html ref She graduated from the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor with a B.A. in 1973, and from the University of Michigan Medical School with an M.D. in 1978. She was a resident at the University of Minnesota . She studied on a geriatric fellowship at the University of Rochester with Dr. T. Franklin Williams . She pioneered the study of morbidity due to falls by elderly people, and investigated risk reduction strategies that were both effective and cost effective. ref http opa.yale.edu news article.aspx?id 6896 ref Awards 2009 MacArthur Fellows Program ref http www.macfound.org site c.lkLXJ8MQKrH b.5458043 k.936A Mary Tinetti.htm ref Works http content.nejm.org cgi content abstract 331 13 821 A Multifactorial Intervention to Reduce the Risk of Falling among Elderly People Living in the Community , The New England Journal of Medicine , Volume 331 821 827, September 29, 1994, Number 13 References reflist External links http www.youtube.com watch?v 13LCLKpSKqY Mary Tinetti, 2009 MacArthur Fellow http www.geron.org Membership member spotlight 486 Q&A with 2009 MacArthur Fellow Mary E. Tinetti, MD, from New Haven, CT. , Gerontology Society of America Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Tinetti, Mary ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Tinetti, Mary Category Living people Category Year of birth unknown Category University of Michigan alumni Category Yale University faculty Category MacArthur Fellows Category American physicians ... more details
name gooddoctor Multifactorial model of AIDS Prior to the identification of HIV as the cause of AIDS ... New theory given for cause of AIDS ref A key implication of Sonnabend s multifactorial ... www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov entrez query.fcgi?db pubmed&cmd Retrieve&list uids 6100000 A multifactorial model ... in 1983 in which the multifactorial theory is described. ref name honoring with pride.2000 honoree ... more details
Refimprove date March 2009 Environmental factor or ecological factor or ecofactor is any factor, abiotic or biotic, that influences living organism s ref Gilpin, A. 1996. Dictionary of Environment and Sustainable Development. John Wiley and Sons. 247 p. ref . Environmental factors inducing diseases Apart from the true Monogenic genetics monogenic genetic disorder s, environmental factors may determine the development of disease in those genetically predisposed to a particular condition. Stress biology Stress , human body physical and mind mental abuse , Diet nutrition diet , exposure to toxin s, pathogen s, radiation and chemicals found in almost all quantify date December 2011 personal care products and household cleaners are common environmental factors that determine a large segment of non hereditary disease. If a disease process is concluded to be the result of a combination of genetics genetic and environmental factor influences, its etiological origin can be referred to as having a multifactorial pattern. As an example of an environmental trigger, a component of a human s drinking water may activate trigger a change in a person s body. Such changes are mainly negative ones. Citation needed date February 2007 Using this example, what is in the drinking water may affect one person entirely differently than another someone may be affected greatly, whereas someone may not be at all. Many cancer s osteosarcoma , etc. , along with a plethora of other disease s, are thought whom date December 2011 to be a result of environmental triggers. Citation needed date February 2007 Nitrates may be an environmental trigger for Alzheimer s , diabetes , and Parkinson s disease . ref Lifespan , http www.sciencedaily.com releases 2009 07 090705215239.htm Nitrates May Be Environmental Trigger For Alzheimer s, Diabetes And Parkinson s Disease , ScienceDaily 6 July 2009, retrieved 5 March 2010 ref Environmental triggers for asthma ref http www.niehs.nih.gov health topics conditions a ... more details
Infobox Journal title Nature reviews. Genetics cover File Nature Reviews Genetics.jpg editor discipline Genetics language English language English abbreviation Nat. Rev. Genet. publisher Nature Publishing Group country England frequency Monthly history 2000 to present openaccess impact 32.745 impact year 2010 website http www.nature.com nrg index.html link1 link1 name link2 http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db nlmcatalog&doptcmdl Expanded&cmd search&Term 100962779 5BNlmId 5D link2 name National Library Of Medicine RSS atom JSTOR OCLC LCCN CODEN ISSN 1471 0056 eISSN 1471 0064 Nature Reviews Genetics is a monthly review journal in genetics and covers the full breadth of modern genetics. The journal publishes review and perspective articles written by experts in the field subject to peer review and copy editing to provide authoritative coverage of topics. Each issue also contains Research Highlight articles short summaries written by the editors that describe recent research papers. Coverage includes Genomics genome projects , genome sequencing , bioinformatics Functional genomics transcript profiling, mutant screening mutant screens , bioinformatics Evolutionary genetics evo devo, comparative genomics , population genetics , phylogenetics Multifactorial genetics complex disease, disease susceptibility resistance, association studies, technology Disease disease gene identification, relationship between genotype and phenotype , molecular pathology of genetic disease Chromosome biology telomeres , centromere , transposons , artificial chromosomes, chromosome stability Epigenetics DNA methylation , histone modification, chromatin structure , Imprinting genetics imprinting , chromatin remodeling Developmental biology reproductive technology , patterning, Cellular differentiation differentiation , evo devo Gene expression DNA elements, LCRs, insulators, Enhancer genetics enhancers , Silencer DNA silencers , broad perspectives on gene regulation Technology new technique ... more details
cleanup date December 2008 unreferenced date December 2008 The Research Centre for DNA Diagnostics RCDD , Karnatak University , Dharwad , Karnataka , India , the foundation stone laid by Medical Education Minister V.S. Acharya, is being set up with the assistance of Rs. 3 crore sanctioned by the Department of Medical Education. Objectives The primary objective of the centre is to identify hereditary disorders prevalent in north Karnataka and to conduct advanced research. According to Pramod B. Gai, professor and coordinator, Department of Applied Genetics and Principal Investigator of the centre, studies have revealed the high frequency of consanguineous marriages especially uncle niece and first cousin marriages south India. Marriages between close relatives are high in rural north Karnataka. This increases the frequency of homozygosity of harmful recessive genes in the population and in turn, increases the co efficiency of inbreeding. As a result compared to other areas, there is a high frequency of hereditary disorders in the region, he said. The research conducted at the centre would be at four levels Single Gene Disorders for example, Sickle Cell Anaemia, Thallassemia, Haemophilia , Chromosomal Disorders Down s Syndrome, Turner s Syndrome, Klinefelter Syndrome , Biochemical Disorders Phenyl Ketone Urea, Galactosemia, Alkaptonurea and Multifactorial Polygenic Disorders Diabetes, Cardio Vascular diseases and various types of Cancer . According to the initial plan, the tests would be conducted on samples taken from patients who approach Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences KIMS Hospital, Hubli, for treatment. During the next stage, the facility would be extended to other government and private medical colleges in north Karnataka. The facilities would be extended to other parts of the State in phases. B. Vijay Chandra, Head, Department of Anatomy, KIMS, T.A. Shepur, Head, Department of Paediatrics, KIMS, M.L. Kulkarni, Head, Department of Paediatrics, JJM Medica ... more details
Multiple issues orphan December 2010 unreferenced December 2009 wikify January 2010 howto January 2010 Cariogram is a way to illustrate interactions between caries related factors. It demonstrates the caries risk graphically and shows the risk for developing new caries in the future and also chances to avoid new caries in the near future. It helps to understand the multifactorial aspects of dental caries. It can be used as a guide in attempts to estimate caries risk. HISTORY Caries Risk Assessment A Swedish Model Over the past few decades, Sweden Swedish researchers have been developing and applying new concepts for caries risk assessment. The pioneering work of Bo Krasse and his team at the Dental School in G teborg laid the foundation for the development of a comprehensive model of the caries risk profile. Building on this work, Douglas Bratthall and coworkers at the Dental School in Malm have attempted to make the practical application of risk assessment more accessible by developing a computer based caries risk assessment model. According to Douglas Bratthall and coworkers 1997 Relevant information regarding the patient is collected, scored according to a standardized protocol and then entered into a computerized program called Cariogram. He described Cariogram in his CARIOGRAM MANUAL published in 1997 by F rlagshuset Gothia , Stockholm . Cariogram aims Illustrates the interaction of caries related factors. Illustrates the chance to avoid caries. Expresses caries risk graphically. Recommends targeted preventive actions. Can be used in the Dental clinic . Can be used as an educational programme. Cannot replace the personal and professional judgement of caries risk made by the examiner. The Cariogram is a graphical picture illustrating in an interactive way the patient s risk for developing new dental caries in the future. The cariogram evaluates a large set of data based on both science and art In a way it can be compared to the weather forecast . The Dark blue ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2007 The Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination or BDAE is a test used to evaluate adults suspected of having aphasia , and is currently in its third edition. ref cite book last Spreen first Otfried coauthors Anthony H. Risser title Assessment of aphasia publisher Oxford University Press year 2003 month isbn 0195140753 ref It was created by Harold Goodglass and Edith Kaplan . The BDAE evaluates language skills based on perceptual modalities auditory, visual, and gestural , processing functions comprehension, analysis, problem solving , and response modalities writing, articulation, and manipulation . Administration time ranges from 35 to 45 minutes. Many other tests are sometimes used by neurology neurologists and speech language pathology speech language pathologists on a case by case basis, and other comprehensive tests exist like the Western Aphasia Battery . Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination Purpose Designed as a comprehensive measure of aphasia. Population Adults. Score Percentiles or standard scores for the subtests. Time 180 minutes. Authors Harold Goodglass and Edith Kaplan. Publisher The Psychological Corporation. Description The Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination is a comprehensive, multifactorial battery designed to evaluate a broad range of language impairments that often arise as a consequence of organic brain dysfunction. The Examination is designed to go beyond simple functional definitions of aphasia into the components of language dysfunctions symptoms that have been shown to underlie the various aphasic syndromes. Thus, this test evaluates various perceptual modalities e.g., auditory, visual, and gestural , processing functions e.g., comprehension, analysis, problem solving , and response modalities e.g., writing, articulation, and manipulation . This approach allows for the neuropsychological analysis and measurement of language related skills and abilities from both ideographic and nomothetic bases, as well as a c ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Sertoli cell only syndrome Image Caption DiseasesDB 31907 ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM 305700 OMIM mult OMIM2 400042 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj med eMedicineTopic 2104 eMedicine mult MeshID D054331 Sertoli cell only syndrome a.k.a. Del Castillo syndrome and germ cell aplasia ref EMedicine Med 2104 Sertoli cell only syndrome ref is a disorder characterized by male sterility without sexual abnormality. It is the result of absent seminiferous tubule s in the testes of germinal epithelium, while Sertoli cell s are present. ref http cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk cgi bin omd?Sertoli cell only syndrome Online Medical Dictionary . ref Features The Sertoli cell only syndrome patients normally have normal secondary male features and have normal or small sized testes. Diagnosis Testicular biopsy would confirm the absence of spermatozoa . Pathophysiology Sertoli cell only syndrome is likely multifactorial, and characterized by severely reduced or absent spermatogenesis despite the presence of both Sertoli and Leydig cells. A substantial subset of men with this uncommon syndrome have microdeletions in the Yq11 region of the Y chromosome, an area known as the Azoospermia factor AZF azoospermia factor region. Generally speaking, testosterone and LH levels are normal, but due to lack of inhibin, FSH levels are increased. Treatment Sertoli cell only syndrome is like other non obstructive azoospermia NOA cases are managed by sperm retrieval through testicular sperm extraction m TESE , micro surgical testicular sperm extraction mTESE , or testicular biopsy. ref cite journal author Talas H, Yaman O, Aydos K title Outcome of repeated micro surgical testicular sperm extraction in patients with non obstructive azoospermia journal Asian J Androl. volume 9 issue 5 pages 668 73 year 2007 month Sep pmid 17712484 doi 10.1111 j.1745 7262.2007.273.x ref On retrieval of viable sperms this could be used in Intracytoplasmic Sperm injection ICSI In 1979, Levin described germinal cell aplasia with ... more details
orphan date December 2011 Malarial nephropathy is renal failure attributed to malarial infection. Among various complications due to infection, renal related disorders are often the most life threatening. ref name Barsoum Barsoum, Rashad S. Malarial Acute Renal Failure. J Am Soc Nephrol 11 2000 2147 2154. ref Including malaria induced renal lesions, infection may lead to both tubulointerstitial damage and glomerulonephritis. ref name Das Das, B.S. Renal failure in malaria. J Vector Borne Dis. 45 2008 83 97. ref In addition, malarial acute renal failure has emerged as a serious problem due to its high mortality rate in non immune adult patients. ref name Das ref name Manan Manan, Junejo Abdul, Hassan Ali, and Manohar Lal. Acute Renal Failure Associated with Malaria. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 4 2006 47 52. ref Malarial nephropathies are reported in endemic areas, such as Southeast Asia, India, and Sub Saharan Africa. ref name Barsoum ref name Das ref name Manan The pathogenesis of acute renal failure in severe malaria is unspecific and multifactorial it affects fewer than 4.8 percent of cases, but reports a high risk of mortality 15 to 45 percent . ref name Barsoum ref name Das ref name Manan Histologic evidence shows a large combination of pathogenic mechanisms at play acute tubular necrosis, interstitial nephritis, and glomerulonephritis. ref name Barsoum Risk factors for malarial acute renal failure include delayed diagnosis, high parasitemia, and clinical presentation of oliguria, low blood pressure, severe anemia, and jaundice. In addition, patients already suffering from diarrhea, hepatitis, or respiratory distress have a worse prognosis. ref name Barsoum ref name Das ref name Manan Due to the complex malarial syndrome, there are many pathogenic interactions leading to acute renal failure, such as hypovolemia, intravascular hemolysis, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. ref name Barsoum ref name Das ref name Manan Malarial acute renal failure prevents t ... more details
Tuberin Tuberous sclerosis genecard TSC2 Genes contributing to Genetic disease Multifactorial and polygenic disorders multifactorial diseases class wikitable Human Genome Organisation HUGO Symbol Locus ... more details
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