monosaccharide, glucose, is a hexose. Examples of heptoses include the ketoses mannoheptulose ... carbon atom s. Therefore, the molecular structure of a simple monosaccharide can be written as H ... any of two configurations in space distinguished by their handedness . In a simple open chain monosaccharide ... formula of an acyclic monosaccharide so that the handedness of each chiral carbon is well specified. Each stereoisomer of a simple open chain monosaccharide can be identified by the positions right ... non chiral stereoisomer may be given a specific monosaccharide nomenclature monosaccharide name . For example ... monosaccharide names have conventional three letter abbreviations, like Glu for glucose and Thr ... isomers A monosaccharide often switches from the acyclic open chain form to a cyclic compound cyclic ... s midplane. Thus each open chain monosaccharide yields two cyclic isomers anomer s , denoted by the prefixes ... Sulfosugars such as Sulfoquinovose See also Pyranose Furanose Glucose Monosaccharide ... chemistry ar bg ca Monosac rid cs Monosacharidy de Monosaccharide ... sq Monosakaridet simple Monosaccharide sk Monosacharid sl Monosaharid sr su Monosakarida ... more details
Monosaccharide nomenclature is a set of conventions used in chemistry to name the chemical compound compounds known as monosaccharides or simple sugars the basic structural units of carbohydrate s, which cannot be hydrolysis hydrolysed into simpler units. ref http www.chem.fsu.edu editors rlight 4053su01 Lectures chapter07.pdf Carbohydrate Nomenclature WebCite url http www.webcitation.org 5vvaqDaI5 date 2011 01 22 ref Systematic name of molecular graph The elementary formula of a simple monosaccharide is C sub n sub H sub 2 n sub O sub n sub , where the integer n is at least 3 and rarely greater than 7. simple monosachharides may be named generically according on the number of carbon atoms n trioses , tetroses , pentoses , hexoses , etc. Every simple monosaccharide has an acyclic open chain form, which can be written as H CH OH sub x sub C O CH OH sub y sub H that is, a straight chain of carbon atoms, one of which is a carbonyl functional group group , all the others bearing an hydrogen H and a hydroxyl OH each, with one extra hydrogen at either end. The carbons of the chain are conventionally numbered from 1 to n , starting from the end which is closest to the carbonyl. If the carbonyl is at the very beginning of the chain carbon 1 , the monosaccharide is said to be an aldose , otherwise it is a ketose . These names can be combined with the chain length prefix, as in aldohexose or ketopentose . Most ketoses found in nature have the carbonyl in position 2 when that is not the case, one uses a numeric prefix to indicate the carbonyl s position. Thus for example, aldohexose means H C O CHOH sub 5 sub H, ketopentose means H CHOH C O CHOH sub 3 sub H, and 3 ketopentose means H CHOH sub 2 sub C O CHOH sub 2 sub H. An alternative nomenclature uses the suffix ose only for aldoses, and ulose for ketoses. The position of the carbonyl when it is not 1 or 2 is indicated by a numerical ... chain monosaccharide so that each stereoisomer is uniquely identified. Two isomers whose molecules ... more details
enzyme Name monosaccharide transporting ATPase EC number 3.6.3.17 CAS number IUBMB EC number 3 6 3 17 GO code 0015407 image width caption In enzymology , a monosaccharide transporting ATPase EC number 3.6.3.17 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP H sub 2 sub O monosaccharideout math rightleftharpoons math ADP phosphate monosaccharidein The 3 substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are adenosine triphosphate ATP , water H sub 2 sub O , and monosaccharide , whereas its 3 product chemistry products are adenosine diphosphate ADP , phosphate , and monosaccharide . This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolase s, specifically those acting on acid anhydrides to catalyse transmembrane movement of substances. The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP phosphohydrolase monosaccharide importing . This enzyme participates in abc transporters general . Structural studies As of late 2007, only one tertiary structure structure has been solved for this class of enzymes, with the Protein Data Bank PDB accession code PDB link 2GX6 . References reflist 1 cite journal author Higgins CF year 1992 title ABC transporters from microorganisms to man journal Annu. Rev. Cell. Biol. volume 8 pages 67&ndash 113 pmid 1282354 doi 10.1146 annurev.cb.08.110192.000435 cite journal author Kuan G, Dassa E, Saurin W, Hofnung M, Saier MH Jr year 1995 title Phylogenetic analyses of the ATP binding constituents of bacterial extracytoplasmic receptor dependent ABC type nutrient uptake permeases journal Res. Microbiol. volume 146 pages 271&ndash 8 pmid 7569321 doi 10.1016 0923 2508 96 81050 3 issue 4 cite journal author Kemner JM, Liang X, Nester EW year 1997 title The Agrobacterium tumefaciens virulence gene chvE is part of a putative ABC type sugar transport operon journal J. Bacteriol. volume 179 pages 2452&ndash 8 pmid 9079938 issue 7 pmc 178989 cite journal author Saier MH Jr year 1998 title Molecular phylogeny as a basis for the classification of transport proteins ... more details
A diose is a monosaccharide containing two carbon atom s. Because the general chemical formula of an unmodified monosaccharide is C H sub 2 sub O sub n sub , where n is three or greater, it does not meet the formal definition of a monosaccharide. However, since it does fit the formula C H sub 2 sub O sub n sub , it is sometimes thought of as the most basic sugar. There is only one possible diose, glycolaldehyde 2 hydroxyethanal , which is an aldodiose a ketodiose is not possible since there are only two carbons . See also Triose Tetrose Pentose Hexose Heptose biochem stub Category Monosaccharides es Diosa monosac rido ja zh ... more details
are carbohydrates that are composed of several monosaccharide residues joined through glycosidic bond glycosidic linkage , which can be hydrolyzed by acid to give the constituent monosaccharide ... agreed that a carbohydrate consisting of two to ten monosaccharide residues with a defined ... other oligosaccharides and, as such, systematic rules for the Monosaccharide nomenclature nomenclature ... nomenclature, one must understand how monosaccharides are named. main Monosaccharide nomenclature An oligosaccharide ... is the monosaccharide residue with hemiacetal functionality, thereby capable of reducing the Tollens reagent, while the non reducing end is the monosaccharide residue in acetal form, thus incapable of reducing ... are conventionally drawn with the reducing end monosaccharide residue furthest to the right and the non ... of the monosaccharide residues, the number of the anomeric carbon atom, an arrow symbol, and the number of the carbon atom bearing the connecting oxygen of the next monosaccharide unit are listed ... bonds or , the configuration of the monosaccharide residue small D small or small L small , and the substitutions ... contains at least one monosaccharide residue linked to more than two other monosaccharide ... In these abbreviated forms, the names of the monosaccharide units are shortened to their corresponding ... to be polymers of monosaccharides containing ten or more monosaccharide residues. ref name pazur ... type of monosaccharide, that is a homopolysaccharide, the ending ose of the monosaccharide ... is a polymer containing more than one kind of monosaccharide residue. ref name baker The parent chain contains only one type of monosaccharide and should be listed last with the ending an , and the other ... there is no parent chain, all different monosaccharide residues are to be listed alphabetically as glyco ... Carbohydrate Conformation MonosaccharideMonosaccharide nomenclature References Reflist Carbohydrates ... more details
enzyme Name UTP monosaccharide 1 phosphate uridylyltransferase EC number 2.7.7.64 CAS number IUBMB EC number 2 7 7 64 GO code image width caption Orphan date February 2009 In enzymology , an UTP monosaccharide 1 phosphate uridylyltransferase EC number 2.7.7.64 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction UTP a monosaccharide 1 phosphate math rightleftharpoons math diphosphate UDP monosaccharide Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are uridine triphosphate UTP and monosaccharide 1 phosphate , whereas its two product chemistry products are diphosphate and UDP monosaccharide . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those transferring phosphorus containing nucleotide groups nucleotidyltransferase s . The systematic name of this enzyme class is . Other names in common use include UDP sugar pyrophosphorylase , and PsUSP . References reflist 1 cite journal author Tsumuraya Y date 2004 title UDP sugar pyrophosphorylase with broad substrate specificity toward various monosaccharide 1 phosphates from pea sprouts journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 279 pages 45728&ndash 36 pmid 15326166 doi 10.1074 jbc.M408716200 last2 Yamaguchi first2 D last3 Ohzono first3 H last4 Hojo first4 S last5 Kaneko first5 S last6 Ishida first6 HK last7 Tsumuraya first7 Y issue 44 cite journal author Rudick VL, Weisman RA date 1974 title Uridine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase of Acanthamoeba castellanii. Purification, kinetic, and developmental studies journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 249 pages 7832&ndash 40 pmid 4430676 issue 24 enzyme stub Category EC 2.7.7 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
Unreferenced date September 2009 The Affix suffix ose is used in biochemistry to form the names of sugar s. Numerous systems exist to name specific sugars more descriptively. Monosaccharide s, the simplest sugars, may be named according to the number of carbon atoms in each molecule of the sugar pentose is a five carbon monosaccharide, and hexose is a six carbon monosaccharide. Aldehyde monosaccharides may be called aldose s ketone monosaccharides may be called ketose s. Larger sugars such as disaccharide s and polysaccharide s can be named to reflect their qualities. Lactose , a disaccharide found in milk , gets its name from the Latin word for milk combined with the sugar suffix its name means milk sugar . The polysaccharide that makes up plant starch is named amylose , or starch sugar see amyl Etymology . There are these theories about the origin of the ose suffix Extracted from glucose , an important hexose whose name came from Greek sweet . Extracted from sucrose , whose name came from Latin sucrum sugar plus the common Latin adjective forming suffix sus Latin sucrosus would mean sugary . Orgchemsuffixes Category Chemistry suffixes ... more details
Image Beta D Glucose.svg thumb glucose Image Sphingolipid.png thumb sphingolipid Glucocerebroside also called glucosylceramide is any of the cerebroside s in which the monosaccharide head group is glucose . Clinical significance They occur mostly in nonneuronal tissue and accumulate abnormally in Gaucher disease , where glucocerebrosidase is absent or nonfunctional. See also glucosylceramide synthase External links MeshName Glucocerebrosides Sphingolipids Category Glycolipids Category Carbohydrates biochem stub id Glukoserebrosida ja pt Glucocerebros deo ... more details
Galactosidases are enzymes glycoside hydrolases which catalyst catalyzes the hydrolysis of galactosides into monosaccharide s If the galactoside is an alpha galactoside, the enzyme is called alpha galactosidase , and if it is a beta galactoside, it is called beta galactosidase . Both varieties are categorized under the EC number 3.2.1. External links MeshName Galactosidases enzyme stub Glycoside hydrolases Sphingolipid metabolism enzymes Category Galactosides ... more details
File Sulfoquinovose chemical structure.png thumb 150px Chemical structure of 6 sulfoquinovose Sulfoquinovose , also known as 6 sulfoquinovose and 6 deoxy 6 sulfo small D small glucopyranose is a monosaccharide sugar that is found as a building block in the sulfolipid SQDG sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol SQDG . Sulfoquinovose is a sulfonic acid derivative chemistry derivative of glucose , the sulfonic acid group is introduced into the sugar by the enzyme UDP sulfoquinovose synthase SQD1 . See also SQDG Sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol SQDG Sulfolipid Category Sulfonic acids Category Deoxy sugars Category Monosaccharides ... more details
A nonose is a monosaccharide with nine carbons. ref Paul G. Engelkirk and Gwendolyn R. Wilson Burton. 2006 http books.google.com books?id KjXLbjzTq9EC&pg PA92&dq Nonose neuraminic acid. PPA92,M1 Burton s microbiology for the health sciences , p. 92. ISBN 9780781771955 ref Example nonoses Neuraminic acid Sialic acid Legionaminic acid Pseudaminic acid References reflist Carbohydrates chemistry stub Category Nonoses ... more details
Unreferenced date April 2009 Notability date April 2009 An octose is a monosaccharide with eight carbons. See also Lincomycin Carbohydrates Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. Category Octoses chemistry stub fr Octose ... more details
Stp4 sugar transporter protein 4 is a gene from the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana . ref name pmid8989877 cite journal author Truernit E, Schmid J, Epple P, Illig J, Sauer N title The sink specific and stress regulated Arabidopsis STP4 gene enhanced expression of a gene encoding a monosaccharide transporter by wounding, elicitors, and pathogen challenge journal Plant Cell volume 8 issue 12 pages 2169 82 year 1996 month December pmid 8989877 pmc 161343 doi 10.1105 tpc.8.12.2169 url ref The gene transcribes for an integral membrane protein that is situated in the plasma membrane of sink tissues such as roots, anthers and vascular tissue ref name pmid8989877 ref ref name pmid12805612 cite journal author Fotopoulos V, Gilbert MJ, Pittman JK, Marvier AC, Buchanan AJ, Sauer N, Hall JL, Williams LE title The monosaccharide transporter gene, AtSTP4, and the cell wall invertase, Atbetafruct1, are induced in Arabidopsis during infection with the fungal biotroph Erysiphe cichoracearum journal Plant Physiology volume 132 issue 2 pages 821 9 year 2003 month June pmid 12805612 pmc 167022 doi 10.1104 pp.103.021428 url ref . The protein s function is to transport monosaccharide sugars in to these sink tissues. The protein is classed as a symporter since sodium ions are also transported concurrently in the same direction. Of special interest to plant scientists is the finding that the transcription of this gene is responsive to environmental stress, more specifically wounding ref name pmid8989877 ref and pathogen infection by the fungal biotroph Erysiphe cichoracearum ref name pmid12805612 ref . See also Sodium glucose transport proteins Glucose transporter References Reflist External links http www.arabidopsis.org servlets TairObject?id 38767&type locus TAIR http www.uniprot.org uniprot Q39228 UniProt Category Genes genetics stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 A triose is a monosaccharide containing three carbon atom s. There are only two trioses, an aldotriose glyceraldehyde and a ketotriose dihydroxyacetone . Trioses are important in Cellular respiration respiration . Namely, lactic acid and pyruvic acid are derived from aldotriose and ketotriose, respectively. The small D small aldotriose is small D small Glyceraldehyde Image D glyceraldehyde 2D skeletal.png 150px The ketotriose is dihydroxyacetone Image Dihydroxyacetone.png 150px See also Diose not proper Tetrose Pentose Hexose Heptose Carbohydrates Category Trioses Biochem stub de Triosen es Triosa eo Triozo fr Triose ko it Trioso ja pl Triozy pt Triose ru sv Trios ta tr Trioz zh ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 A heptose is a monosaccharide with seven carbon atoms. They have either an aldehyde functional group in position 1 aldoheptoses or a ketone functional group in position 2 ketoheptoses . There are few examples of C 7 sugars in nature, among which are Sedoheptulose or D altro heptulose a ketose Mannoheptulose , found in avocados L glycero D manno heptose an aldose . Ketoheptoses have 4 chiral centers, whereas aldoheptoses have 5. See also Triose Tetrose Pentose Hexose Carbohydrates Category Heptoses Biochem stub de Heptosen es Heptosa fr Heptose it Eptoso hu Hept z pl Heptozy pt Heptose sv Heptos ta ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2008 In botany , a photoassimilate is one of a number of biological compounds formed by Assimilation biology assimilation using light dependent reaction s. This term is most commonly used to refer to the energy storing monosaccharide s produced by photosynthesis in the leaves of plants. Only NADPH, ATP and water are made in the light reactions. Monosaccharides, though generally more complex sugars, are made in the dark reactions.The term light reaction can be confusing as some dark reactions require light to be active. Fact date October 2008 Photoassimilate movement through plants from source to sink using xylem and phloem is of biological significance. This movement is mimicked by many infectious particles namely viroids to accomplish long ranged movement and consequently infection of an entire plant. Category Biomolecules Category Photosynthesis Category Metabolism Category Plant pathogens and diseases botany stub pt Fotoassimilado ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 chembox Name small D small Sarmentose ImageFile Sarmentose.png ImageSize 200px IUPACName 3S,4S,5R 4,5 dihydroxy 3 methoxyhexanal OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 13484 14 5 PubChem 5460676 SMILES C C H C H C H CC O OC O O Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 7 sub H sub 14 sub O sub 4 sub MolarMass 162.18 g mol Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Sarmentose is a monosaccharide with the molecular formula C sub 7 sub H sub 14 sub O sub 4 sub obtained from sarmentocymarin by hydrolysis . It is stereoisomer ic with cymarose , and closely related to digitalose , which is obtained from digitalin by hydrolysis. References 1911 Category Monosaccharides organic compound stub es Sarmentosa ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Image D glyceraldehyde 2D Fischer.png thumb right 140px Fischer projection of D glyceraldehyde An aldose is a monosaccharide a simple sugar containing one aldehyde group per molecule and having a chemical formula of the form C sub n sub H sub 2 sub O sub n sub . With only three carbon atom s, glycolaldehyde is the simplest of all aldoses. ref Berg, J.M., 2006. Carbohydrates. 6th ed., Biochemistry. New York W.H. Freeman and Company ref Aldoses have at least one asymmetric carbon centre, meaning they exhibit stereoisomerism . This means an aldose can exist in either a D form or L form of a Fischer projection . Biological systems tend to recognise D aldoses more than L aldoses. Aldoses isomer ize to ketose s in the Lobry de Bruyn van Ekenstein transformation . Aldose differs from ketose in that it has a carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain whereas the carbonyl group of a ketose is in the middle this fact allows them to be chemically differentiated through Seliwanoff s test . List of aldoses Diose glycolaldehyde Triose glyceraldehyde Tetrose s erythrose , threose Pentose s ribose , arabinose , xylose , lyxose Hexose s allose , altrose , glucose , mannose , gulose , idose , galactose , talose References Reflist See also Carbohydrate Ketose Monosaccharide Carbohydrates Category Aldoses Biochem stub cs Ald zy da Aldose de Aldosen el es Aldosa eo Aldozo fr Aldose ko it Aldoso ja pl Aldozy pt Aldose ru sr fi Aldoosi sv Aldos tr Aldoz zh ... more details
Barfoed s Test is a chemical test used for detecting the presence of monosaccharide s. It is based on the reduction of copper II acetate to copper I oxide Cu sub 2 sub O , which forms a brick red precipitate. ref name barfoed cite journal title ber die Nachweisung des Traubenzuckers neben Dextrin und verwandten K rpern author C. Barfoed journal Fresenius Zeitschrift f r Analytische Chemie volume 12 issue 1 pages 27 year 1873 url doi 10.1007 BF01462957 ref ref cite web work Biochemistry Laboratory 353 title Colorimetric Identification of Unknown Sugars publisher Smith College author Biochemistry Department url http www.science.smith.edu departments Biochem Biochem 353 CARBO.html ref RCOH 2Cu sup 2 sup 2H sub 2 sub O RCOOH Cu sub 2 sub O 4H sup sup Disaccharide s may also react, but the reaction is much slower. The aldehyde group of the monosaccharide which normally forms a cyclic hemiacetal is oxidized to the Carboxylic acid carboxylate . A number of other substances, including sodium chloride, ref cite journal author William H. Welker journal J. Am. Chem. Soc. year 1915 doi 10.1021 ja02174a036 pages 2227 2230 title A Disturbing Factor in Barfoed s Test volume 37 ref may interfere. It was invented by Danish chemist Christen Thomsen Barfoed ref name barfoed and is primarily used in botany . Citation needed date April 2009 The test is similar to the reaction of Fehling s solution to aldehydes. Composition Barfoed s reagent consists of a 0.33 Molar concentration molar solution of neutral copper acetate in 1 acetic acid solution. The reagent does not keep well and it is therefore advisable to make it up when it is actually required. ref Bowen, Graham and Williams, A Students Handbook of Organic Qualitative Analysis , University of London Press, 1957, page 73 ref References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Barfoed s Test Category Chemical tests de Barfoed sche Probe es Prueba de Barfoed ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE N Acetylmuramic acid chembox Name N Acetylmuramic acid ImageFile N Acetylmuramic acid.svg ImageSize 200 px IUPACName OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 10597 89 4 PubChem SMILES Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 11 sub H sub 19 sub NO sub 8 sub MolarMass Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition N Acetylmuramic acid , or MurNAc , is the ether of lactic acid and N Acetylglucosamine N acetylglucosamine with a chemical formula of Carbon C sub 11 sub Hydrogen H sub 19 sub Nitrogen N Oxygen O sub 8 sub . It is part of a biopolymer in the bacterial cell wall, built from alternating units of N acetylglucosamine GlcNAc and N acetylmuramic acid MurNAc , cross linked with oligopeptides at the lactic acid residue of MurNAc. This layered structure is called peptidoglycan . MurNAc is a monosaccharide derivative of N acetylglucosamine . Clinical significance Unlike most bacterial cell walls, Chlamydia bacterium Chlamydial cell wall lacks muramic acid . For this reason penicillin is not very effective in treating chlamydial infection. Protein synthesis blocker s like doxycycline or azithromycin are used instead. Synthesis is inhibited by fosfomycin . ref name pmid11481290 cite journal author Grif K, Dierich MP, Pfaller K, Miglioli PA, Allerberger F title In vitro activity of fosfomycin in combination with various antistaphylococcal substances journal The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy volume 48 issue 2 pages 209 17 year 2001 month August pmid 11481290 doi 10.1093 jac 48.2.209 url http jac.oxfordjournals.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 11481290 ref References reflist See also Amino sugar Glucosamine Bacteria DEFAULTSORT Acetylmuramic acid, N Category Amino sugars Category Monosaccharide derivatives Category Monosaccharides Category Membrane biology cs Kyselina muramov es cido N acetilmur mico ja N pl Kwas N acetylomuraminowy sl N acetilmuraminska kislina zh N ... more details
monosaccharide s are bonded via a dehydration reaction also called a condensation reaction or dehydration ... . Properties The glycosidic bond can be formed between any hydroxyl group on the component monosaccharide ... chemical and physical properties. Depending on the monosaccharide constituents, disaccharides ... 1 6 Xylobiose two xylopyranose monomer s 1 4 See also Monosaccharide Trisaccharide Oligosaccharide ... more details
The glycome is the entire complement of sugar s, whether free or present in more complex molecule s, of an organism . An alternative definition is the entirety of carbohydrate s in a cell biology cell . The glycome may in fact be one of the most complex entities in nature . Glycomics , analogous to genomics and proteomics , is the systematic study of all glycan structures of a given cell type or organism and is a subset of glycobiology . ref http www.cshlpress.com default.tpl?action full& eqskudatarq 666 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Essentials of Glycobiology, Second Edition ref Carbohydrate , glycan , saccharide , and sugar are generic terms used interchangeably in this context and includes monosaccharide s, oligosaccharide s, polysaccharide s, and derivatives of these compounds. Carbohydrates consist of hydrated carbon , i.e. CH2O n. Monosaccharides are a carbohydrate that cannot be hydrolyzed into a simpler carbohydrate and are the building blocks of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. Oligosaccharides are linear or branched chains of monosaccharides attached to one another via glycosidic linkages. The number of monosaccharide units can vary. Polysaccharides are glycans composed of repeating monosaccharides, generally greater than ten monosaccharide units in length. ref http 72.14.205.104 search?q cache 8MLUoA FVYgJ grtc.ucsd.edu lecture1.pps Essentials of Glycobiology ref The glycome exceeds the complexity of the proteome as a result of the even greater diversity of the glycome s constituent carbohydrates and is further complicated by the sheer multiplicity of possibilities in the combination and interaction of the carbohydrates with each other and with protein s. The spectrum of all glycan structures the glycome is immense. In human s, its size is orders of magnitude greater than the number of proteins that are encoded by the genome, one percent of which encodes proteins that make, modify, localize or bind sugar chains, which are known as glycans. ref ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Chembox verifiedrevid 386899634 ImageFileL1 L sorbose Fischer.png ImageSizeL1 75px ImageFileR1 sorbose.png ImageSizeR1 150px IUPACName 3S,4R,5S 1,3,4,5,6 Pentahydroxyhexan 2 one OtherNames Sorbinose br L xylo Hexulose Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo Ref cascite CASNo 87 79 6 PubChem 6904 SMILES C C H C H C H C O CO O O O O Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 6 sub H sub 12 sub O sub 6 sub MolarMass 180.156 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Sorbose is a ketose belonging to the group of sugar s known as monosaccharide s. The commercial production of vitamin C ascorbic acid often begins with sorbose. L Sorbose is the configuration of the naturally occurring sugar. Carbohydrates Category Ketohexoses ketone stub de Sorbose es Sorbosa fr Sorbose it Sorbosio hu Szorb z ja pl Sorboza pt Sorbose ru fi Sorboosi sv Sorbos tr Sorboz ... more details
A tetrose is a monosaccharide with 4 carbon atoms. They have either an aldehyde functional group in position 1 aldotetroses or a ketone functional group in position 2 ketotetroses . gallery File DErythrose Fischer.svg small D small Erythrose File DThreose Fischer.svg small D small Threose File DErythrulose Fischer.svg small D small Erythrulose gallery The aldotetroses have two chiral centers asymmetric carbon atoms and so 4 different stereoisomers are possible. There are two naturally occurring stereoisomers, the enantiomers of erythrose and threose having the small D small Chirality chemistry By configuration D and L configuration but not the small L small enantiomers. The ketotetroses have one chiral center and, therefore, two possible stereoisomers erythrulose small L small and small D small form . Again, only the small D small enantiomer is naturally occurring. See also Triose Pentose Hexose Heptose unreferenced date January 2008 Carbohydrates biochem stub Category Tetroses de Tetrosen es Tetrosa eo Tetrozo fr T trose it Tetroso ja pl Tetrozy pt Tetrose sv Tetros tr Tetroz zh ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Image DL Fructose.svg thumb right 250px Fructose , an example of a ketose. The ketone group is the double br bonded oxygen. A ketose is a sugar containing one ketone group per molecule . With 3 carbon atoms, dihydroxyacetone is the simplest of all ketoses and is the only one having no optical activity . Ketoses can isomer ize into an aldose when the carbonyl group is located at the end of the molecule. Such ketoses are reducing sugar s. List of ketoses All ketoses listed here are 2 ketones Triose s dihydroxyacetone Tetrose s erythrulose Pentose s ribulose , xylulose Hexose s fructose , psicose , sorbose , tagatose Heptose s sedoheptulose Octose s D manno octulose D manno octulose the basis for Kdo Nonose s D glycero D galacto nonulose D glycero D galacto nonulose the basis for Neu Qualitative reaction General qualitative reaction for ketoses is Seliwanoff s test . See also Carbohydrate Monosaccharide Aldose Carbohydrates Category Ketoses Biochem stub cs Ket zy de Ketosen es Cetosa eo Ketozo fr C tose it Chetoso ja pl Ketozy ru fi Ketoosi yhdiste sv Ketos tr Ketoz zh ... more details
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