The mitochondrial shuttles are systems used to transport reducing agents across the inner mitochondrial membrane . NADH cannot cross the membrane, but it can reduce another molecule that can cross the membrane, so that its electrons can reach the electron transport chain . The two main systems in humans are class wikitable Name In, to mitochondrion To electron transport chain ETC Out, to cytosol Glycerol phosphate shuttle glycerol 3 phosphate Coenzyme Q QH sub 2 sub 2 ATP dihydroxyacetone phosphate Malate aspartate shuttle malate Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADH 3 ATP oxaloacetate ref name ufp Silva, Pedro. http www2.ufp.pt pedros bq respi.htm The chemical logic behind... Fermentation and Respiration , Universidade Fernando Pessoa , 2002 01 04. Retrieved on 2009 04 02. ref aspartate In humans, the glycerol phosphate shuttle is primarily found in brown adipose tissue , as the conversion is less efficient, thus generating heat, which is one of the main purposes of brown fat. It is primarily found in babies, though it is present in small amounts in adults around the kidneys and on the back of our necks. ref name ufp The malate aspartate shuttle is found in much of the rest of the body. Notes and references reflist Category Cellular respiration biochem stub ca Llan adora mitocondrial zh ... more details
Wiktionary TOCright The original meaning of the word shuttle is the Shuttle weaving device used in weaving ... Spacecraft Buran spacecraft , the vehicle for the Soviet space shuttle program Space Shuttle , the vehicle for the NASA space program from 1981 to 2011 Shuttlecraft , any smaller spacecraft, usually capable of atmospheric transport Air transportation Delta Shuttle , the brand name for Delta Air Lines air shuttle service Shuttle America , a regional airline based in Indianapolis, Indiana Shuttle by United , a regional airline operated as a subsidiary of United Airlines Shuttle Carrier Aircraft , modified Boeing 747 airliners used to transport Space Shuttle orbiters US Airways Shuttle ... York City Subway shuttles Shuttle Amtrak shuttle bus service Eurotunnel Shuttle , the car carrying trains used in the Channel Tunnel Shuttle van, a New Zealand term for shared taxi s Sciences and technology Molecular shuttle s, a molecule capable of nanoscale transportation Shuttle vector , vector that shuttles between species, biochemistry, genetics Shuttle machinery , as used in extrusion blow molding Shuttle bombing , a World War II strategic bombing tactic Multi project wafer service MPW shuttle , an integrated circuit production run for multi chip or multi project wafers Media Shuttle film Shuttle film , a 2008 thriller film Shuttle video game Shuttle video game , a video game produced by Virgin Other Shuttle Inc. , a manufacturer of small form factor computers Shuttlecock or birdie, the object batted back and forth in badminton River Shuttle , a river of southeast London, England USS Shuttle SP 3572 , a United States navy patrol vessel in commission from 1918 to 1919 Shuttle compact ... disc player. Shuttle Seminconductor Wafer Fabrication , a tray used to contain multiple wafers during production which allows them to be plated. disambig de Shuttle fr Shuttle it Shuttle nl Shuttle ja ru tl Shuttle ... more details
refimprove date July 2010 Infobox Newspaper name The Shuttle image type Weekly newspaper format Tabloid newspaper format Tabloid foundation 1870 price 90 free 60p when sold owners Newsquest Media Group ... ref http www.abc.org.uk Certificates 17272715.pdf Kidderminster Shuttle Mon Sat Standard Certificate ... http www.kidderminstershuttle.co.uk The Shuttle , formerly known as the Kidderminster Shuttle , is a free weekly newspaper distributed to households in the Wyre Forest area of Worcestershire ... front page until April 2006. Since then all three papers have been renamed as The Shuttle incorporating the Kidderminster Shuttle , the Kidderminster Times and the Stourport News . The local office in Stourport ..., notably with its in depth coverage of local politics and Kidderminster Harriers F.C. . The Shuttle ... is famous. The current editor of the Shuttle is Clive Joyce. The newspaper is owned by Newsquest ... 2009 The Kidderminster Shuttle was founded by Edward Parry, a Unitarianism Unitarian minister, local ... business in the Bull Ring, Kidderminster. The first edition of the Kidderminster Shuttle was produced ... Party UK Liberal councillor. The Kidderminster Shuttle during this time heavily supported Liberal ... , but this newspaper was also short lived and became absorbed into the Shuttle . The Shuttle however grew in circulation and by the turn of the 20th century the Shuttle started to produce directories ... was enlarged. During the First World War the Shuttle was an invaluable means to get messages from ... and coming into the 1920s the Shuttle which was still chiefly run by Edward Parry and William ... the Shuttle seemed to be in jeopardy. In 1926, Edward Parry died at the age of 98, and so ended ... into Kidderminster and so on 11 July 1931 the County Express bought the Shuttle . The County ... accounted for big changes in The Shuttle , printing of the newspaper was moved from ... The newspaper main website References reflist DEFAULTSORT Shuttle, The Category Kidderminster Category ... more details
Mitochondria can divide by fission and since they require mitochondrial DNA for their function, fission is coordinated with Mitochondrial DNA Replication DNA replication . Some of the proteins that are involved in mitochondrial fission have been identified and some of them are associated with mitochondrial disease s. ref Cite pmid 21776419 ref Mechanism The DNM1L Drp1 protein is a member of the Dynamin family of large GTPases . Drp1 controls the final part of mitochondrial fission, pinching off the membrane stalk between two forming daughter mitochondria. The MFN2 protein is part of a complex that links the endoplasmic reticulum ER to mitochondria. Points of ER mitochondrial association have been associated with the formation of Drp1 complexes and mitochondrial fission. ref Cite pmid 21885730 ref Several Drp1 binding proteins have been identified. ref Cite pmid 21772324 ref A protein called mitochondrial fission factor Mff binds Drp1 and promotes mitochondrial fission. ref Cite pmid 21149567 ref The FIS1 protein might recruit Drp1 to sites of fission ref Cite pmid 21647385 ref but it might require association with another protein, MIEF1 coded for by the SMCR7L gene , to promote mitochondrial fission. In contrast, MIEF1 when bound to Drp1 might prevent mitochondrial fission and thus shift the balance towards fusion of mitochondria. ref Cite pmid 21701560 ref References reflist Category Mitochondria ... more details
Mitochondrial biogenesis is the process by which new mitochondria are formed in the cell. Mitochondrial biogenesis is activated by numerous different signals during times of cellular stress or in response to environmental stimuli. The mitochondrion is a key regulator of the metabolic activity of the cell, and is also an important organelle in both production and degradation of free radicals. It is thought that higher mitochodrial copy number or higher mitochondrial mass is protective for the cell. Mitochondria are produced from the transcription and translation of genes both in the nuclear genome and in the Mitochondrial DNA mitochondrial genome . The majority of mitochondrial protein comes from the nuclear genome, while the mitochondrial genome encodes most parts of the electron transport chain along with mitochondrial rRNA and tRNA . A major adaptation to mitochondrial biogenesis results in more mitochondrial tissues which increases metabolic enzymes for glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation and ultimately a greater mitochondrial metabolic capacity. Peter D. Wagner Summer 2011 Lecture cn date October 2011 The master regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis appear to be the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma PGC family of transcriptional coactivators, including PPARGC1A PGC 1 , PPARGC1B PGC 1 , and the PGC related coactivator, PRC. PGC 1 , in particular, is thought to be a master regulator. It is known to co activate nuclear respiratory factor 2 GABPA NRF2 GABPA , and together with NRF 2 coactivates nuclear respiratory factor 1 NRF1 . The NRFs, in turn, activate the mitochondrial transcription factor A TFAM tfam , which is directly responsible for transcribing nuclear encoded mitochondrial proteins. This includes both structural mitochondrial proteins as well as those involved in Human mitochondrial genetics Replication.2C repair.2C transcription.2C and translation mtDNA transcription, translation, and repair . See also mitochondria References Unreferenced ... more details
Unreferenced section date December 2011 Infobox Disease Name Mitochondrial disease Image Ragged red fibres gtc very high mag.jpg Caption Micrograph showing ragged red fibres, a finding seen in mitochondrial ... Mitochondrial diseases are a group of disorders caused by dysfunctional mitochondria , the organelle ... ATP that powers most cell functions. Mitochondrial diseases are often caused by genetics or mutations to the mitochondrial DNA that affect mitochondria function. Mitochondrial diseases take on unique ... symptoms are often called a mitochondrial myopathy . There is some evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction as the molecular basis of bipolar disorder. In addition, classical mitochondrial diseases occur in a subset of individuals with autism and are usually caused by genetic anomalies or mitochondrial respiratory pathway deficits. Classification In addition to the mitochondrial myopathies, other examples include Diabetes mellitus and deafness DAD this combination at an early age can be due to mitochondrial ... MELAS Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, stroke like symptoms MELAS mtDNA depletion mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy MNGIE Nota bene Conditions such as Friedreich s ataxia can affect the mitochondria , but are not associated with mitochondrial proteins .... Characteristics The effects of mitochondrial disease can be quite varied. Since the distribution of the defective mitochondrial DNA may vary from organ to organ within the body, and each mutation is modulated ... to multi system diseases. Mitochondrial diseases as a rule are worse when the defective mitochondria ... J title Hematological manifestations of primary mitochondrial disorders journal Acta Haematol ... use more energy than most other cells in the body. Although mitochondrial diseases vary greatly in presentation .... Causes Mitochondrial disorders may be caused by mutations , acquired or inherited, in mitochondrial DNA mtDNA or in nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial components. They may also be the result ... more details
Symptomatic overlap with other mitochondrial myopathies References reflist Diseases of myoneural junction and muscle Mitochondrial diseases Category Myoneural junction and neuromuscular diseases Category Mitochondrial diseases zh ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICD9 277.87 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D017237 A Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy is a form of encephalomyopathy that is associated with a mitochondrial disease . Examples include Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke like episodes MELAS and MERRF syndrome MERRF . These conditions can sometimes present together. ref name pmid14967777 cite journal author Melone MA, Tessa A, Petrini S, et al title Revelation of a new mitochondrial DNA mutation G12147A in a MELAS MERFF phenotype journal Arch. Neurol. volume 61 issue 2 pages 269 72 year 2004 month February pmid 14967777 doi 10.1001 archneur.61.2.269 url http archneur.ama assn.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 14967777 ref ref name pmid15767514 cite journal author Naini AB, Lu J, Kaufmann P, et al title Novel mitochondrial DNA ND5 mutation in a patient with clinical features of MELAS and MERRF journal Arch. Neurol. volume 62 issue 3 pages 473 6 year 2005 month March pmid 15767514 doi 10.1001 archneur.62.3.473 url http archneur.ama assn.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 15767514 ref Kearns Sayre syndrome KSS is sometimes included in this category, ref name pmid8350109 cite journal author Crimmins D, Morris JG, Walker GL, et al title Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy variable clinical expression within a single kindred journal J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. volume 56 issue 8 pages 900 5 year 1993 month August pmid 8350109 pmc 1015147 doi 10.1136 jnnp.56.8.900 url http jnnp.bmj.com cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 8350109 ref but it is not included in this category in Medical Subject Headings MeSH . References reflist 2 Mitochondrial diseases Category Neurotrauma disease stub zh ... more details
Mitochondrial toxicity is a condition in which the mitochondrion mitochondria of a body s cells become damaged or decline significantly in number it occurs as a side effect of certain antiretroviral drug s used to treat human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV . Causes While the exact causes of mitochondrial toxicity are not known, research has shown that a certain group of anti viral drugs used to treat HIV, specifically nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor s NRTIs , interfere with an enzyme needed in the production of mitochondria. ref http www.thebody.com pinf mitochondrial.html ref Symptoms The disruption of cell function that accompanies the condition can cause both mild and severe problems in people suffering from mitochondrial toxicity. The most commonly observed symptom is muscle weakness, or myopathy . Others include peripheral neuropathy numbness in the fingers and toes and pancreatitis inflammation of the pancreas , with the most severe being lactic acidosis , in which a build up of lactic acid in the tissues of the body leads to loss of energy, organ failure, and eventually death. ref http www.projinf.org fs mito b.html ref References references External links Mitochondrial toxicity at http www.hivnet.org OverHivEnAids Alternatief BrochureBijwerkingenEngels Mitochondrial 20toxicity.htm hiv.org Category Toxicology medical stub med toxic stub sl Mitohondrijska toksi nost ... more details
Expert subject Biology date November 2009 No footnotes date May 2011 Mitochondrial decay is one major cause of aging , leading to the subsequent death in humans. The mitochondria are the power producing organelles found in every cell of every organ. Their primary function is to generate Adenosine triphosphate ATP through various energy cycles that involve nutrients and vitamins. ATP is needed for every movement, thought and action we make. Yet very little ATP can be stored in the body. Under normal conditions the mitochondria generate free radicals during the ATP production process and as a result subject themselves to a lot of free radical damage. As we age, the mitochondria become less efficient, fewer in number and larger. Accordingly, ATP production declines, and this may eventually lead to cell death. As organs cannot borrow energy from one another, the efficiency of each organ s mitochondria is essential to its repair processes and functions. If an organ s mitochondria fail, then so does that organ. Enhancement and protection of mitochondrial function and structure are therefore instrumental in preventing and slowing aging. Mitochondrial decay is a progressive disruption of mitochondrial structural integrity and functional ability with advancing age. It can cause impairment in cellular energy production and hence a decline in normal function, particularly in organs with high energy consumption such as the brain and the heart. Mitochondrial decay can also lead to an increase in free radical production and thus render a cell more prone to commit suicide programmed cell death or apoptosis . Some of the age related diseases, including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, have been found to involve mitochondrial dysfunction. The maintenance of a youthful mitochondrial functional ability and antioxidant capacity has become a trend in preventive health. Reference RK Lab http www.rk lab.com Category DNA Category Aging ... more details
pH difference across the outer mitochondrial membrane measured with a green fluorescent protein ... or TCA cycle takes place within the mitochondrial matrix. Prior to the citric acid cycle, pyruvic ... of the inner mitochondrial membrane. The NADH and FADH sub 2 sub produced by the citric acid ... chain. The protons return to the mitochondrial matrix through the process of chemiosmosis through the protein ATP synthase . See also Matrix biology References Reflist Mitochondrial enzymes DEFAULTSORT Mitochondrial Matrix Category Cell anatomy ca Matriu mitocondrial cs Mitochondri ln matrix ... more details
Pfam box Symbol Mito carr Name image 1okc opm.gif width 220 caption Mitochondrial ADP ATP carrier Pfam PF00153 InterPro IPR001993 SMART PROSITE PDOC00189 SCOP 1okc TCDB 2.A.29 OPM family 21 OPM protein 1okc PDB PDB3 2bmn A 9 104 PDB3 2c3e A 112 206 PDB3 1ymj A 112 206 PDB3 1okc A 112 206 PDB3 1ym6 A 112 206 Mitochondrial carriers are proteins from the solute carrier family which transfers molecules across the membranes of the mitochondria . ref name Nury 2006 cite journal author Nury H, Dahout Gonzalez C, Tr z guet V, Lauquin GJ, Brandolin G, Pebay Peyroula E title Relations between structure and function of the mitochondrial ADP ATP carrier journal Annu. Rev. Biochem. volume 75 issue pages 713 ... mitochondrial membrane inner membranes of mitochondria and other eukaryotic organelles such as the peroxisome ... author Walker JE title The mitochondrial transporter family journal Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. volume ... journal author Kuan J, Saier Jr MH title Expansion of the mitochondrial carrier family journal Res ... Site directed mutagenesis of the yeast mitochondrial ADP ATP translocator. Six arginines and one lysine ... 10.1006 jmbi.1993.1233 ref ref name PUB00001675 cite journal author Palmieri F title Mitochondrial ... B title PMP47, a peroxisomal homologue of mitochondrial solute carrier proteins journal Trends ... transport protein Graves disease carrier protein yeast mitochondrial proteins MRS3 and MRS4 yeast mitochondrial FAD carrier protein and many others. Structure All mitochondrial carriers are encoded by nuclear ... the members of the mitochondrial carrier family that have been identified, it is the ADP ATP carrier ... of ADP ATP carrier translocation across the outer mitochondrial membrane journal J. Biol. Chem. volume ... dynamics of the mitochondrial ADP ATP carrier revealed by molecular dynamics simulation studies journal ... pdbe apps quips?story ATPexchange Getting a good rate of exchange the mitochondrial ADP ATP carrier ... families Category Transmembrane proteins membrane protein stub Membrane transport proteins Mitochondrial ... more details
Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Mitochondrial Blues Type Album Artist Noah23 Cover Noah23 mitochondrial blues.jpg Released July 27, 2004 Recorded 2003 2004 Genre Hip hop music Hip hop Length 56 26 Label Legendary Entertainment br Noah23 Plague Language Producer Blue Sky Black Death Orphan , Sseleman, Noah23 , Andrew H, DMS, Krinjah, King Champion, Naught, Dustmite Last album Ancient Israelites Older Than Anorthosite br 2004 This album Mitochondrial Blues br 2004 Next album Sigma Octantis album Sigma Octantis br 2004 Mitochondrial Blues is a 2004 album by hip hop artist Noah23 . This album was released simultaneously with Sigma Octantis album Sigma Octantis , as both albums are the product of the same recording sessions as Noah s higher profile 2004 album Jupiter Sajitarius . Track listing Silicate Magma Chamber Crunch Search and Destroy Harvest Remix Orange Dolphin Pure Vibes ft. Fake Four Inc Ceschi & Troubadour Twist of Fate ft. Baracuda rapper Baracuda Homewood ft. Feelix Enterworld ft. B One & Vex Bliss TS4 Freestyle Mechanical Bull ft. Baracuda Yed Posterior ft. Erosadis, Hangnail & Homesick Dustmite Data Hooks ft. Baracuda Drowning in You ft. AnuCongo Trilateral Damage ft. Orko the Sykotik Alien & StapleMouth Production credits Tracks 1, 5, 7, 14 & 16 produced by Blue Sky Black Death Orphan Tracks 6, 9 & 15 produced by Sseleman Track 2 produced by Noah23 as Warhol Track 3 produced by Andrew H Track 4 produced by DMS Track 8 produced by Krinjah Track 11 produced by King Champion Track 12 produced by Naught Track 13 produced by Dustmite Category 2004 albums Category Noah23 albums 2000s hiphop album stub ... more details
Selection An Improved Human Mitochondrial Molecular Clock. and its http download.cell.com AJHG ... Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup Mitochondrial macro haplogroups Haplogroup L0 mtDNA L0 ... , Mitochondrial Eve refers to the matrilineal MRCA most recent common ancestor . In other words, she ... all mitochondrial DNA mtDNA is generally passed from mother to offspring without recombination biology recombination , all mitochondrial DNA mtDNA in every living person is directly descended from hers by definition. Mitochondrial Eve is the female counterpart of Y chromosomal Adam , the patrilineal ... or more males in their descendancy line . But none of the female contemporaries of the Mitochondrial Eve has descendants living now in an unbroken female line. Mitochondrial Eve is estimated to have ... modern humans were developing as a population distinct from other human sub species. Mitochondrial ... C title Evaluating the mitochondrial timescale of human evolution journal Trends Ecol. Evol. Amst. volume ... . As a result, the latter hypothesis is now the dominant one. Female and mitochondrial ancestry further Genetic genealogy matrilineal Mitochondrial DNA Human mitochondrial molecular clock File ... back to a single female, such as Mitochondrial Eve File Mitochondrial eve tree.gif thumb right 250px Simplified Human mitochondrial phylogeny Without a DNA sample, it is not possible to reconstruct ... DNA, however, parts of ancestral genomes are estimated by scientists. Mitochondrial DNA mtDNA ... title Maternal inheritance of human mitochondrial DNA journal PNAS volume 77 issue 11 pages 6715 ... give a mitochondrial DNA signature or haplotype e.g. the Cambridge Reference Sequence CRS is a haplotype ... mutation . Scientists sort mitochondrial DNA results into more or less related groups, with more or less ... are in biological terms clade s, and the common ancestors such as Mitochondrial Eve sit at branching ... . The mitochondrial clade which Mitochondrial Eve defines is the species species Homo sapiens Homo ... more details
Image Mitochondrial DNA en.svg thumb 300px right Human mitochondrial DNA. File Electron microscopy reveals mitochondrial DNA in discrete foci.jpg thumb Electron microscopy reveals mitochondrial DNA in discrete ... marking mtDNA are found near the mitochondrial membrane. B Whole mount view of cytoplasm after ... H, Cook PR title The functional organization of mitochondrial genomes in human cells journal BMC ... www.biomedcentral.com 1741 7007 2 9 ref Mitochondrial DNA mtDNA is the DNA located in organelles called ... organisms is found in the cell nucleus . Mitochondrial DNA can be regarded as the smallest ... John JC, Facucho Oliveira J, Jiang Y, Kelly R, Salah R title Mitochondrial DNA transmission, replication ... 20231166 doi 10.1093 humupd dmq002 url ref Origin Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA are thought to be of separate ... by exponential polymerase chain reaction, copy number of mitochondrial DNA in rat tissues journal ... since been transferred to the eukaryotic nucleus during evolution . Mitochondrial inheritance In most ... a sperm into an oocyte , may interfere with this. The fact that mitochondrial DNA is maternally ... or HVR2 of the mitochondrial DNA, as with a genealogical DNA test . HVR1 consists of about 440 base ... issn 0036 8075 pmid 9180076 issue 5319 ref The concept of the Mitochondrial Eve is based on the same ... inheritance of Mytilus mitochondrial DNA journal Science volume 251 pages 1488 1490 pmid 1672472 ... R, Matsuura ET, Chigusa SI title Further observation of paternal transmission of Drosophila mitochondrial ..., Moritz RF title Transfer of paternal mitochondrial DNA during fertilization of honeybee Apis mellifera ... editor1 last Crusio editor1 first Wim ref Evidence supports rare instances of male mitochondrial ... of mitochondrial DNA in mice journal Nature volume 352 issue 6332 pages 255 7 year 1991 pmid 1857422 ... W, et al. title Further evidence for paternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA in the sheep Ovis aries ... al. title Composition of parental mitochondrial DNA in cloned bovine embryos journal FEBS Lett. volume ... more details
Orphan date December 2010 PBB geneid 94033 Mitochondrial ferritin is a ferroxidase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FTMT gene . ref name pmid11323407 cite journal author Levi S, Corsi B, Bosisio M, Invernizzi R, Volz A, Sanford D, Arosio P, Drysdale J title A human mitochondrial ferritin encoded by an intronless gene journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 276 issue 27 pages 24437 40 year 2001 month July pmid 11323407 doi 10.1074 jbc.C100141200 url issn ref It is classified as a metal binding protein which is located within the mitochondrion mitochondria . After the protein is taken up by the mitochondria it can be processed into a mature protein and assemble functional ferritin shells. Structure Its structure was determined at 1.70 through the use of X ray diffraction and contains 182 residues. It is 67 helical. The Ramachandran plot shows that the structure of mitochondrial ferritin is mainly alpha helical with a low prevalence of beta sheets. References reflist 2 Further reading refbegin 2 cite journal author Langlois d Estaintot B, Santambrogio P, Granier T, et al. title Crystal structure and biochemical properties of the human mitochondrial ferritin and its mutant Ser144Ala. journal ... in HeLa cells are rescued by the expression of human mitochondrial ferritin. journal Biochim. Biophys ... author Cazzola M, Invernizzi R, Bergamaschi G, et al. title Mitochondrial ferritin expression in erythroid ... R, et al. title Mitochondrial ferritin a new player in iron metabolism. journal Blood Cells Mol. Dis ... P, et al. title Mitochondrial ferritin limits oxidative damage regulating mitochondrial iron ... EL, Ray PD, Tsuji Y title Role and regulation of ferritin H in rotenone mediated mitochondrial ... P, Levi S, et al. title Unique iron binding and oxidation properties of human mitochondrial ... SM, et al. title Mitochondrial ferritin in the substantia nigra in restless legs syndrome. journal ... 10.1097 NEN.0b013e3181bdc44f refend DEFAULTSORT Mitochondrial Ferritin Category EC 1.16.3 Category ... more details
Infobox company company name Shuttle Inc. br company logo File ShuttleLogo.png 200px company type Public ... date February 2010 Shuttle Inc. Taiwan Capitalization Weighted Stock Index TAIEX 2405 is a Taiwan ... PC systems, and computer display monitors . Throughout the last 10 years, Shuttle has been one of the world s top 10 motherboard manufacturers, and gained fame in 2001 with the introduction of the Shuttle SV24 , one of the world s first commercially successful small form factor computers. Shuttle XPC ... Shuttle started a campaign to become a brand name recognized by mainstream PC consumers. Shuttle XPC ... case motherboard power supply Shuttle manufactures. More recently, the differentiation between Shuttle barebones and Shuttle systems has become greater, with the launch of system exclusive models such as the Shuttle Inc. M series M series and Shuttle Inc. X series X series . History 1983 Shuttle ..., California . 1990 Holco subsidiary Shuttle Computer Handel is established in Elmshorn , Germany to serve European market. 1994 Introduces Shuttle RiscPC 4475, a desktop based on Digital Equipment Corporation DEC Alpha 64 bit microprocessor and Microsoft Windows NT for Alpha. 1995 Shuttle reaches 5 motherboard manufacturer worldwide in terms of volume. 1997 Holco officially changes its name to Shuttle Inc. 2000 Goes public on TAIEX stock market under symbol 2405. 2001 Introduces Shuttle SV24 ... VIA . 2004 XPC shipments pass 1 million, Shuttle introduces the XP17 LCD and fully assembled ... Shuttle the World Class and Best Buy awards. 2005 IDC research ranks the Shuttle brand loyalty higher than Dell, Sony and Apple. 2005 Shuttle introduces the world s first small form factor Nvidia SLi system. 2005 Introduction of Shuttle s first exclusive set top box living room PC, the M1000. 2005 Shuttle debuts the world s fastest ultra small form factor PC the X100. 2006 Shuttle is selected as one ... CES in Las Vegas. 2006 Shuttle launches a series of new chassis, X series and T series, which offers ... more details
Refimprove date December 2008 File Shuttle c launch painting.jpg thumb right An artist s conception of a Shuttle C launching at night The Shuttle C was a NASA proposal to turn the Space Shuttle program Space Shuttle launch stack into a dedicated unmanned cargo launcher. This would use the Space Shuttle external tank and Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster s SRBs , combined with a cargo module that would attach to Shuttle hardpoints the bipod, etc. and include the Space Shuttle Main Engine s. Various Shuttle C concepts were investigated between 1984 and 1995. ref name globalsec cite web url http www.globalsecurity.org space systems sts c.htm title Shuttle C publisher GlobalSecurity.org accessdate 2009 01 20 ref The Shuttle C concept would theoretically cut development costs for a heavy launch vehicle by re using technology developed for the shuttle program. The proposal involved using, at various times, existing spaceframes, Space Shuttle Main Engines that had reached maintenance lifetime limits, and spare navigation computers. One proposal even involved converting the Space Shuttle Columbia Columbia or Space Shuttle Enterprise Enterprise into a single use cargo launcher. Before the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster loss of Space Shuttle Challenger , NASA had expected about 14 shuttle ... v1ch8.htm title Report of the Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident publisher NASA date 1986 06 06 accessdate 2009 01 20 ref With the Shuttle C, it was thought that the lower .... ref name harsh cite web url http pdf.aiaa.org preview 1989 PV1989 2521.pdf title Shuttle C, evolution ... name eudy cite web url http pdf.aiaa.org preview 1990 PV1990 3685.pdf title Shuttle C, heavy lift ... 1990s, NASA engineers planning a manned mission to Mars included a Shuttle C design to launch six ... Shuttle by 2010, these proposed configurations were put aside. NASA has recently resurrected the idea of the Shuttle C concept in the form of the Shuttle Derived Launch Vehicle , currently known as SDLV ... more details
Eastern Shuttle can refer to Eastern Shuttle, a division of Eastern Air Lines Eastern Shuttle bus company , a bus operator disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
An air shuttle is a scheduled airline service that operates a frequent, regular service on short routes ... frequent services may still be considered shuttles. Network airlines may choose to operate shuttle services as one class or no frill services, operating similar to low cost airlines . Some shuttle ... J. Hughes Technical Center in Atlantic City, New Jersey operates an air shuttle to ferry FAA employees ..., DC four days a week. Ohio University operates its Bobcat Air Shuttle to Washington Dulles International .... The pioneer service was the Eastern Air Lines Eastern Shuttle Eastern Air Shuttle , which offered ... day commercial air shuttle services include US Airways Shuttle Delta Shuttle Horizon Air service between ... Airlines and Silkair code share a Kuala Lumpur Singapore shuttle every hour. Scandinavian Airlines SAS and Norwegian Air Shuttle provide a shuttle service between the Norwegian airports of Oslo Airport ... with up to 30 minute headways. SAS also provides an international shuttle on the triangular route between ... Air Transportation Firms title Air shuttle Air Transportation Firms of the United States br small ... groupstyle text align group1 Air Shuttle brand divisions of br former certificated Air Carriers list1 div div div style float left width 50 Eastern Shuttle Eastern Air Shuttle div div style float right width 50 Delta Shuttle Pan Am Shuttle div group2 Former Air Shuttle divisions made br certificated Air Carrier assets list2 div div div style float left width 50 Trump Shuttle br Trump Airlines div div style float right width 50 USAir Shuttle br USAir Group USAir Group s Shuttle, Inc. div group3 Air Shuttle Brand divisions br of present certificated br Air Carriers Air Carrier Firms list3 div div div style float left width 50 Delta Shuttle div div style float right width 50 US Airways Shuttle div above small Business divisions mistaken as FAA DOT Certificated Air Carriers small below Advertising Marketing Brand Management div DEFAULTSORT Air shuttle Category Civil aviation ja ... more details
unreferenced date July 2011 Infobox Space Shuttle name 2.03 image caption number country Soviet Union contract named after first flight first date last flight last date missions crews time none orbits distance deployed dockings mir dockings iss status dismantled 2.03 was the designation of the fifth Soviet Shuttle Buran reusable space vehicle. 2.03 was a second series shuttle, as shown by the 2 in its number. Construction on 2.03 was barely underway when the entire Soviet shuttle program was halted in 1993, and as such what parts of it had been built were dismantled shortly afterwards, and nothing remained of it by 1995. External links http www.buran energia.com bourane buran bourane modele 203.php 2.03 Space shuttle http www.k26.com buran Future 2.03 space buran 2 03.html 2.03 current status Russian manned space programs Buran program space Shuttles Category Shuttle Buran program USSR spacecraft stub bg 2.03 fr Bourane 2.03 it Shuttle 2.03 he 2.03 ja 2.03 pl Buran 2.03 wahad owiec ro Naveta spa ial 2.03 ru 2.03 sl Raketoplan 2.03 tr 2.03 Uzay Meki i ... more details
weasel date October 2011 Infobox rocket image Saturn Shuttle model at Udvar Hazy Center.jpg caption NASA model of Saturn Shuttle configuration name Saturn Shuttle country origin United States function Manned Low Earth orbit LEO launch vehicle manufacturer Boeing S IC br Lockheed Martin Martin Marietta Space Shuttle External Tank External Tank br Rockwell International Space Shuttle Orbiter height 85 m alt height 281 foot unit of length ft diameter 10 m alt diameter 33 ft mass 2,304,000 kilogram kg alt mass 5,070,000 pound mass lb stages 2 LEO payload max 60,500 kg alt LEO 133,400 lb status Cancelled sites Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 LC 39 , Kennedy Space Center stage1name S IC stage1engines 5 Rocketdyne F 1 rocket engine F 1 or F 1A stage1thrust max 34.02 Newton unit MN alt stage1thrust max 7,648,000 pound force lb sub f sub stage1time 212 seconds stage1fuel RP 1 LOX stage2name Shuttle Orbiter & External Tank stage2engines 3 Rocketdyne Space Shuttle Main Engine SSMEs stage2thrust ... stage2time 475 seconds stage2fuel LH2 LOX The Saturn Shuttle was a proposed interface of the Space Shuttle orbiter and external tank with the S IC stage on the Saturn V rocket. An interstage ... stage, so that NASA would have been able to steer completely away from Space Shuttle Solid Rocket ... . Performance Because the Shuttle orbiter would be riding piggyback on the External Tank, and the need ... Shuttle would require the center engine to be shut down 45 to 50 seconds after launch, while two ... ignition. The external tank would then be jettisoned, as on the current Shuttle configuration and the Orbiter ... President Richard Nixon to approve the Shuttle program in 1972, NASA decided to utilize segmented ... designs References http www.astronautix.com lvs shuttle.htm Saturn Shuttle Astronautix Saturns Reusable launch systems Category Apollo program Category Space Shuttle program Category Saturn rockets Shuttle Category Cancelled space launch vehicles sv Saturn Shuttle ... more details
Image Shuttle with bobin.jpg thumb Shuttle with bobbin 100px A shuttle is a tool designed to neatly and compactly store weft yarn while weaving . Shuttles are thrown or passed back and forth through the shed weaving shed , between the yarn threads of the warp weaving warp in order to weave in the weft. The simplest shuttles, known as stick shuttles , are made from a flat, narrow piece of wood with notches on the ends to hold the weft yarn. More complicated shuttles incorporate bobbin s or pirn s. Image StickShuttle.jpg thumb right Large stick shuttle left 100px Shuttles are often made of wood from the Flowering Dogwood , because it is so hard, resists splintering, and can be polished to a very smooth finish. Originally shuttles were passed back and forth by hand. However, John Kay flying shuttle John Kay invented a loom in 1733 that incorporated a flying shuttle . This shuttle could be thrown through the warp, which allowed much wider cloth to be woven much more quickly and made the development of machine looms much simpler. References Chandler, Deborah 1995 . Learning to Weave , Loveland, Colorado Interweave Press LLC. ISBN 1 883010 03 9 Weaving External links http www.pakshuttle.com.pk Pak Shuttle Company Pvt Ltd. http www.mageba.com eng shuttle.htm Shuttle looms for narrow fabrics DEFAULTSORT Shuttle Weaving Category Weaving textile stub Tech stub ar cv cs lunek tkalcovstv de Sch tze Weben fr Navette tissage it Navetta tessitura lt audykl nl Werpspoel ja no Skyttel pl Cz enko ru fi Sukkula sv Skyttel th ... more details
Air livery in 2009 at Laguardia Airport Trump Shuttle, Inc. , doing business as Trump Airlines ... Agency title Order No. 1992 A 212 Cancellation Trump Shuttle, Inc. dba Trump Airlines url http www.cta ... to operate the shuttle flights were originally part of Eastern Air Lines and known as the Eastern Air Lines Eastern Air Shuttle Eastern Air Shuttle . It operated hourly flights of Boeing 727 ... as Washington National Airport at the time Trump Shuttle operated. History As the financial outlook ... and aircraft. It organized its profitable U.S. Northeast Northeastern air shuttle operation into a separate ... to purchase the shuttle. In June, 1989 the deal was completed, financed through a 380 million loan from a syndicate of 22 banks. The new airline began service as Trump Shuttle on June 23. Its IATA designator code, TB, has since been assigned to Jetairfly . Trump pushed to make the new shuttle a luxury ... financial problems. The Shuttle s core passengers chose it for its convenience, not its costly luxury features, and during the prolonged labor strike at Eastern Air Lines Eastern Shuttle Eastern Shuttle many defected to the competing Pan American World Airways Pan Am Shuttle or to Amtrak s Metroliner .... Trump Shuttle never turned a profit. The high debt load incurred in the company s formation unnerved ... the entire shuttle operation on or after October 10, 1996 with an exclusive right to do so until April 10, 1997. On April 7, 1992 Trump Shuttle ceased to exist when it was merged into a new corporation, Shuttle, Inc., which began operating as the USAir Shuttle on April 12, 1992. US Airways subsequently announced the purchase of the remainder of Shuttle, Inc. on November 19, 1997, and the service has since operated under the name US Airways Shuttle . Shuttle, Inc. remained as a subsidiary of US ... of the shuttle almost meant a demise of Trump s scheduled helicopter service to Atlantic City and the Hamptons ... Shuttle brand divisions of br former certificated Air Carriers list1 div div div style float left width ... more details
Image Shuttle with bobin.jpg thumb Flying shuttle showing metal capped ends, wheels, and a pirn of weft thread 100px The flying shuttle was one of the key developments in the Industrial Revolution industrialization ..., allowing for automatic machine looms. It was patent ed by John Kay flying shuttle John Kay 1704 John Kay flying shuttle Old age c. 1779 in 1733. Before the flying shuttle In order to understand ... weaving warp threads. The operator must then reach forward, holding the Shuttle weaving shuttle in one hand, and pass it through the shed the shuttle carries a bobbin for the weft . The shuttle must ... more importantly, however, the coordination between the throwing and catching of the shuttle requires ... across typically convert 60 in cm or less . How the flying shuttle works In one respect, the term is somewhat misleading, as the shuttle itself is only a component in a new system attached to the loom ..., forming a track on which the shuttle runs. At each end of the race, there is a box which catches the shuttle at the end of its journey, and which contains a mechanism for propelling the shuttle on its return trip. The shuttle itself has some subtle differences from the older form. The ends of the shuttle are bullet shaped and metal capped, and the shuttle generally has rollers to reduce friction ... shuttle is generally somewhat heavier, so as to have sufficient inertia to carry it all the way .... To start the pick, the shed is opened as before however, instead of throwing the shuttle, the operator jerks the cord for the box containing the shuttle. This causes the mechanism in the box to shoot the shuttle along the race to the other box then the shed is closed and the beater is used to complete the pick as before. The operator does not need to touch the shuttle until it needs to be reloaded ..., a job that was simplified with the invention of the Northrop Loom , which reloaded the shuttle .... Social effects The increase in production due to the flying shuttle exceeded the capacity of the spinning ... more details
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