Militarydoctrine is the concise expression of how military forces contribute to Military campaign campaign ... common ways of accomplishing military tasks. Doctrine links theory, history, experimentation, and practice. Its objective is to foster initiative and creative thinking. Doctrine provides the military ... lexicon for use by military planners and leaders. Defining doctrine NATO s definition of doctrine ... Militarydoctrine is a formal expression of military knowledge and thought, that the army accepts ... Air University staff study in 1948 defined militarydoctrine functionally as those concepts, principles ... Army , May 2005, p.165 ref The Soviet Dictionary of Basic Military Terms defined militarydoctrine ... and the use of the armed forces in them... Militarydoctrine has two aspects social political and military technical. ref Moscow Voenizdat, 1965, quoted in William Odom , Soviet MilitaryDoctrine, Foreign ... of militarydoctrine in France came about in the aftermath of the nation s defeat during ... Instead, doctrine seeks to provide a common conceptual framework for a military service what the service ... of warfare. Doctrine reflects the judgments of professional military officers, and to a lesser but important ... ref Barry Posen Posen, Barry . The Sources of MilitaryDoctrine France, Britain, and Germany ... power into successful operations. Militarydoctrine of France World War I Following the defeat ..., reprinted by DIANE Publishing, ISBN 1 4289 9319 3 ref blockquote Militarydoctrine of the United States ... America s Maritime Guardian , which is the source of USCG doctrine. Militarydoctrine in the former Soviet Union and Russia Main Militarydoctrine of Russia The Soviet meaning of militarydoctrine was very ... times, theorists emphasised both the political and military technical sides of militarydoctrine ... side of Soviet militarydoctrine, Western commentators Harriet F Scott and William Scott said ... strategic level of Russian militarydoctrine is where most innovation takes place. Still ... more details
MilitarydoctrineMilitaryDoctrine of the Russian Federation is one of the main strategic planning documents ... protection of Russia. The most recent edition of the militarydoctrine was signed by President of Russia President Dmitry Medvedev on 5 February 2010. ref name Russia s new militarydoctrine approved cite web url http rt.com Politics 2010 02 05 russia militarydoctrine approved.html title Russia s new militarydoctrine approved accessdate 6 February 2010 ref Numerous successive Military Doctrines ... 1997 and October 1999. Militarydoctrine in the Russian sense, however, extends beyond discussion ... of Russia s MilitaryDoctrine Draft , Voennaya Mysl, May 1992, JPRS UMT 92 008 L, 16 June 1992 ... and the new, evolving security environment. ref Charles Dick, The MilitaryDoctrine of the Russian .... A new militarydoctrine only entered into force in November 1993, and was not made fully public ... wished to conceal controversial or discreditable intentions. ref Charles Dick, The MilitaryDoctrine ... of weapons of mass destruction, and terrorism. ref The Basic Provisions of the MilitaryDoctrine of the Russian ... extremely difficult to achieve. 2000 MilitaryDoctrine Both in the 1992 draft and in the 1993 official ... April 2000. ref Text of MilitaryDoctrine of the Russian Federation, approved by a presidential ... threats remained virtually the same. ref Dr S Main, Russia s MilitaryDoctrine, CSRC Occasional Brief ... and nations. ref Draft MilitaryDoctrine of the Russian Federation, Krasnaya Zvezda , 9 October 1999, p.3 4 FBIS Translation, Section 1.1. ref 2010 MilitaryDoctrine Russia s 2010 militarydoctrine defines itself as strictly defensive. ref name Russian president approves new militarydoctrine cite ... http news.kremlin.ru ref notes 461 Militarydoctrine of the Russian Federation text russian http ... changing its militarydoctrine accessed January 18, 2007. Conflict Studies Research Centre , http ... reports on Russian militarydoctrine DEFAULTSORT MilitaryDoctrine Of Russia Category Military ... more details
wikify date December 2010 Cold Start is a militarydoctrine developed by the Indian Armed Forces . ref ... s military conducting offensive operations as part of unified Battlegroup army battle groups . The Cold Start doctrine is intended to allow India s conventional forces to perform holding attacks ... ref High levels of preparedness and rapid mobilization are the main aims of this doctrine. ref ... from conducting a retaliatory strike. Development of Cold Start doctrine Image Arjun MBT bump track test.JPG right thumb Arjun MBT conducting driving test on sand berms. The development of this doctrine ... of the Cold Start doctrine. Despite the advances, this doctrine remains in the experimental stage. ref http belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu files IS3203 pp158 190.pdf The Indian Army s New Limited War Doctrine ... Pakistani War of 1971 Indo Pakistani war of 1971 , Indian defense planners envisioned a new doctrine ... of training . Pakistan further conducted a large scale military exercise name Azm e Nau 3, focusing ... azm e nau 3 largest military exercise by pakistan army.html ref ref http www.pakistankakhudahafiz.com ... solid fueled missile of 60 km range, to dissuade India from following the Cold start doctrine ... India s Cold Start doctrine with concern and that the Nasr is meant to deter India s launch of Cold ... 105205242.html ref The main objective of the operation was to cut down mobilization time of military ... standard.com india news armys cold start doctrine gets teeth 443539 ref Criticism There have been many criticisms to this strategy doctrine Statistically, the cold war doctrine isn t implementable. ref http mjoshi.blogspot.com 2010 02 who is afraid of cold start certainly.html ref The doctrine may ... of the Cabinet Committee on Security in ratifying decisions to take military action, the character of the military s advisory responsibilities to the Cabinet, the possible ad hoc nature of decision ... Pakistani paramilitary, armed civilians, Mujahideen and Military units to fight till death creating ... more details
DEFAULTSORT U.S. MilitaryDoctrine For Reconnaissance Category United States Department of Defense doctrine ... to regiment al brigade , division military level, corps corps level commands. It is usually ... emplacement , and the Military reserve force reserve elements of the enemy committed forces. ref ... of a committed force or component the Division military division , corps , or field army level , the force ... the battlespace. While almost every front line military unit is sometimes assigned to do limited .... of the Army location isbn page pages url http www.globalsecurity.org military library policy army fm ... more details
example is Militarydoctrine tactical doctrine in which a standard set of maneuvers, kinds of troops and weapons are employed as a default approach to a kind of attack. Examples of militarydoctrine ... 19th up to mid 20th century Manhunt military Manhunting doctrine , or assured individual destruction Reagan Doctrine of the Cold War Shock and Awe Soviet deep battle of World War II Trench warfare of World War I Almost every military organization has its own doctrine, sometimes written, sometimes unwritten. Some military doctrines are transmitted through training programs. More recently, in modern peacekeeping operations , which involve both civilian and military operations, more comprehensive not just military doctrines are now emerging such as the 2008 United Nations peacekeeping operations Capstone Doctrine ref http pbpu.unlb.org pbps Library Capstone Doctrine ENG.pdf Capstone Doctrine ref which speaks to integrated civilian and military operations. Political A policy, position or principle ...For the PHP object relational mapping framework Doctrine PHP Refimprove date May 2008 Wiktionary Doctrine ... . ref http www.wordiq.com definition Doctrine ref Often doctrine specifically connotes a Wikt corpus corpus of religious dogma as it is promulgated by a church, but not necessarily doctrine is also ... decisions, such as the doctrine of self defense , or the principle of fair use , or the more narrowly applicable first sale doctrine . In some organizations, doctrine is simply defined as that which ... include Christian Trinity and Virgin Birth Christian doctrine Virgin birth Roman Catholic Transubstantiation ... Grace Hinduism The Doctrine of epoch or Yuga Jainism The Doctrine of Postulation or Sy dv da One department of the Roman Curia is called the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith . ref http www.britannica.com EBchecked topic 167462 Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith ref ref http ... and politics . ref http www.vatican.va roman curia index.htm ref Military usage The term also ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2006 The Rumsfeld Doctrine , named after former United States Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld , is a neologism created by journalists Fact date September 2008 concerned with the perceived transformation of the military of the United States . It would be considered Rumsfeld s own take on RMA Revolution in Military Affairs . It seeks to increase force readiness and decrease the amount of supply required to maintain forces, by reducing the number in a theater. This is done mainly by using LAVs LAV Light Armoured Vehicles to scout for enemies who are then destroyed via airstrike s. The basic tenets of this military strategy are High technology combat systems Reliance on air forces Small, nimble ground forces. Afghanistan and the Iraq wars are considered the two closest implementations of this doctrine. Opposition Opponents argue that the doctrine entails a heavy reliance on air strikes to replace a lack of ground forces. Beginning with Saddam Hussein , there were at least 50 air strikes aimed at decapitating the Iraqi leadership. Not a single one was successful. However, there were extensive civilian casualties. ref http www.hrw.org reports 2003 usa1203 ref Opponents also claim that without ground troops to secure the border, top Baath Party Ba athist regime members fled the country with vast Iraqi funds and foreign Iraqi insurgency insurgents moved into the country ... troops to guard the Iraqi military infrastructure, large amounts of munitions were looted. This has ... device IED s. Thomas L. Friedman of the New York Times has referred to the Rumsfeld Doctrine ... in Iraq , the influence of the Rumsfeld Doctrine seems to be declining. See also Powell Doctrine Revolution in Military Affairs Network centric warfare References reflist External links http www.businessweek.com magazine content 04 17 b3880048.htm Bruce Nussbaum Criticism of Rumsfeld Doctrine http ... 2520Doctrine.doc 22Rumsfeld Doctrine 22&hl en Greg Jaffe Take on the Rumsfeld Doctrine ... more details
Onesource date June 2008 The Weinberger Doctrine was a list of points governing when the United States could commit troops in military engagements. The doctrine was publicly disclosed by U.S. Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger on November 28, 1984 in a speech entitled The Uses of Military Power delivered before the National Press Club USA National Press Club in Washington, D.C. The Weinberger Doctrine was an outgrowth of the collective lessons learned from the Vietnam War and the desire of the U.S. government to avoid such quagmires in the future. ref LaFeber, Walter. The Rise and Fall of Colin Powell. Political Science Quarterly. Vol. 124, No. 1 March, 2009 pp. 71 93. ref The Weinberger doctrine The United States should not commit forces to combat unless the vital national interests of the United ... should be committed only with clearly defined political and military objectives and with the capacity ... to the Weinberger Doctrine Two unconnected events led to Weinberger s speech. One was his wanting ... by any outside force. They further argued that any U.S. military contingent entered into the Lebanon ... forces Invasion of Grenada invaded Grenada after a pro Soviet military coup ousted the constitutional ... policy, Presidential powers, and the commitment of US military forces which may have precipitated articulation of the Weinberger Doctrine, was the legacy of the Vietnam War. From 1975 and the fall of South Vietnam to communist forces, U.S. foreign policy had avoided the use of military force, without .... Notably, the Secretary of State at the time of the Doctrine s publishing, George Shultz ... D.C. Potomac Books, Inc., 2008. ref See also Vietnam War Powell doctrine Bush doctrine References reflist External links http www.pbs.org wgbh pages frontline shows military force weinberger.html PBS.org transcript of The Uses of Military Power Foreign relations of the United States expanded DPC Category ... Category Presidency of Ronald Reagan fr Doctrine Weinberger uk ... more details
The Powell Doctrine is a journalist created term, named after General Colin Powell in the run up to the 1990 1991 Gulf War . It is based in large part on the Weinberger Doctrine , devised by Caspar Weinberger , former United States Secretary of Defense Secretary of Defense and Powell s former boss. The Powell Doctrine states that a list of questions all have to be answered affirmatively before military action is taken by the United States Is a vital national security interest threatened? Do we have a clear attainable objective? Have the risks and costs been fully and frankly analyzed? Have all other non violent policy means been fully exhausted? Is there a plausible exit strategy to avoid endless entanglement? Have the consequences of our action been fully considered? Is the action supported by the American people? Do we have genuine broad international support? ref http www.pbs.org newshour extra teachers lessonplans iraq powelldoctrine.html The Powell Doctrine Background, Application and Critical Analysis , Doug DuBrin, NewsHour Extra ref As Powell said in an April 1, 2009 interview on The Rachel Maddow Show TV series The Rachel Maddow Show , the Doctrine denotes the exhausting of all political, economic, and diplomatic means, which, only if those means prove to be futile, should a nation resort to military force. Powell has expanded upon the Doctrine, asserting that when a nation is engaging in war, every resource and tool should be used to achieve decisive force against the enemy .... This is well in line with Western military strategy dating at least from Carl von Clausewitz s On War . Citation needed date May 2010 The Doctrine has been used to compare the Vietnam War , the Gulf ... ref See also Bush Doctrine Pottery barn rule Reagan Doctrine Just War Weinberger Doctrine References ... Military doctrines Category Foreign policy doctrines of the United States Category 1990 in the United ... fr Doctrine Powell pl Doktryna Powella ru ... more details
The phrase merger doctrine or doctrine of merger may refer to one of several legal doctrines Merger doctrine antitrust law Merger doctrine civil procedure Merger doctrine copyright law The merger doctrine in criminal law of lesser included offense s Merger doctrine family law Merger doctrine property law Merger doctrine trust law disambig Category Legal doctrines and principles ... more details
of the doctrine were so broad that the Soviets even used it to justify their military intervention ...The Brezhnev Doctrine was a Soviet Union foreign policy , first and most clearly outlined by S. Kovalev in a September 26, 1968 Pravda article, entitled Sovereignty and the International Obligations of Socialist Countries. Leonid Ilych Brezhnev Leonid Brezhnev reiterated it in a speech at the Fifth Congress of the Polish United Workers Party on November 13, 1968, which stated When forces that are hostile to socialism try to turn the development of some socialist country towards capitalism , it becomes not only a problem of the country concerned, but a common problem and concern of all socialist countries. This doctrine was announced to retroactively justify the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968 that ended the Prague Spring , along with earlier Soviet military interventions, such as the Hungarian revolution of 1956 invasion of Hungary in 1956 . These interventions were meant ... way compromise the cohesiveness of the Eastern bloc. Implicit in this doctrine was that the leadership ... the announcement of the Brezhnev Doctrine, numerous treaties were signed between the Soviet Union ... Doctrine stayed in effect until it was finally ended with the Soviet non invasion of Poland during the 1980 1981 crisis ref Wilfried Loth. Moscow, Prague and Warsaw Overcoming the Brezhnev Doctrine. Cold War History 1, no. 2 2001 103 118. ref and later refusal of Mikhail Gorbachev to use military ..., p. 945 ref It was superseded by the facetiously named Sinatra Doctrine in 1989. See also Wikisourcepar2 Brezhnev Doctrine Text of Brezhnev s speech Truman Doctrine Johnson Doctrine Domino theory Cold War Gladio Ulbricht Doctrine Reagan Doctrine Soviet occupations Sinatra Doctrine References reflist Bibliography Ouimet, Matthew The Rise and Fall of the Brezhnev Doctrine in Soviet Foreign Policy ... et Bre nevi doktriin es Doctrina Br zhnev fr Doctrine Brejnev fy Brezjnev doktrine ko hr ... more details
. i The doctrine was also applied by the Nixon administration in the Persian Gulf region, with military aid to Iran and Saudi Arabia . ref name time doctrine cite news url http www.time.com time magazine ... New York Henry Holt, 2004 ref application of the Nixon Doctrine opened the floodgates of U.S. military aid to allies in the Persian Gulf, and helped set the stage for the Carter Doctrine and for the subsequent direct U.S. military involvement of the Gulf War and the Iraq War . Doctrine In Practice Both Nixonians and Contrarians argue that the Guam Doctrine may have masked other needs, intentions ...The Nixon Doctrine also known as the Guam Doctrine was put forth in a press conference in Guam on July 25, 1969 by President of the United States U.S. President Richard Nixon . He stated that the United States henceforth expected its allies to take care of their own military defense, but that the U.S. would aid in defense as requested. The Doctrine argued for the pursuit of peace through a partnership with American allies. In Nixon s own words Address to the Nation on the War in Vietnam November 3, 1969 ref cite web author Richard M. Nixon title President Nixon s Speech on Vietnamization date November 3, 1969 url http vietnam.vassar.edu doc14.html format reprint ref i First, the United States will keep all of its treaty commitments. Second, we shall provide a shield if a nuclear power threatens the freedom of a nation allied with us or of a nation whose survival we consider vital to our security. Third, in cases involving other types of aggression, we shall furnish military and economic ... Doctrine date 2007 01 04 publisher Time magazine TIME ref According to author Michael Klare ... J. Kimball title The Nixon Doctrine A Saga of Misunderstanding year 2006 journal Presidential Studies ... Nixon da Nixondoktrinen de Nixon Doktrin et Nixoni doktriin es Doctrina Nixon fr Doctrine Nixon ko it Dottrina Nixon hu Nixon doktr na nl Nixon doctrine ja no Nixon doktrinen ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2009 The Fukuda Doctrine was asserted by Japan ese Prime Minister Takeo Fukuda . In 1977, while on a tour of the ASEAN member states, the prime minister made a speech in Manila in which he articulated Japan s foreign policy that later became known as the Fukuda Doctrine. Prime Minister Fukuda pledged that Japan, a country committed to peace, would never become a military power and that Japan would build up relationship of mutual confidence and trust with Southeast Asia n countries in wide ranging fields, and that Japan would cooperate positively with ASEAN and its member countries in their own efforts, as an equal partner. The Fukuda Doctrine serves as the foundation of Japan s current and future diplomacy toward the rest of Asia. Category Foreign relations of Japan Category Foreign policy doctrines Category 1977 in Japan Category 1977 in international relations Japan gov stub ja zh ... more details
son George W. Bush and the new Bush Doctrine , who increased military spending from the former presidency ... areas of the world and by training military leaders in these regions, the Reagan Doctrine actually ... Doctrine was a strategy orchestrated and implemented by the United States under the Presidency ... the final years of the Cold War . While the doctrine lasted less than a decade, it was the centerpiece ... the Reagan Doctrine, the U.S. Covert U.S. regime change actions provided overt and covert aid to anti ... back Soviet backed communist governments in Africa , Asia , and Latin America . The doctrine was designed ... Doctrine followed in the post World War II tradition of President of the United States U.S. presidents ... these men and propose foreign policy solutions to them. The tradition started with the 1947 Truman Doctrine ... War strategy to keep those two nations out of the Soviet sphere of influence. The Truman Doctrine was followed by the Eisenhower Doctrine , the Kennedy Doctrine , the Johnson Doctrine , the Nixon Doctrine and the Carter Doctrine , all of which defined the foreign policy approaches of these respective ... Doctrine Carter administration and Afghanistan Main Operation Cyclone Quote box quote To watch ... Remains of Soviet trucks in Afghanistan.JPEG thumb right 270 px Remains of Soviet military vehicles ... of the Reagan Doctrine technically pre dated the Presidency of Ronald Reagan Reagan Presidency . Following ... limited covert military assistance to Afghanistan s mujahideen , in an effort to drive the Soviets out of the nation, or at least raise the military and political cost of the Soviet war in Afghanistan ... ref Michael Pillsbury , a Pentagon official, implemented Reagan Doctrine initiatives including the FIM ... opportunity to significantly expand Carter s Afghanistan policy into a more global doctrine, including ... Reagan Doctrine advocate, visited with resistance movements in Angola, Cambodia, Nicaragua, and other Soviet supported nations and urged the Reagan administration to initiate or expand military ... more details
by any means necessary, including military force. This last, key sentence of the Carter Doctrine ... the Truman Doctrine , the Eisenhower Doctrine , and the Nixon Doctrine played roles in the formulation of the Carter Doctrine. The Truman Doctrine, which stated that the United States would send military .... Finally, application of the Nixon Doctrine provided military aid to Iran and Saudi Arabia so that these U.S. ...File Jimmy Carter Library and Museum 98.JPG thumb right A document related to the Carter Doctrine The Carter Doctrine was a policy proclaimed by President of the United States Jimmy Carter in his State of the Union Address on January 23, 1980, which stated that the United States would use military force if necessary to defend its national interest s in the Persian Gulf region. The doctrine was a response ... oil. The Soviet effort to dominate Afghanistan has brought Soviet military forces to within 300 ... and political wisdom, economic sacrifice, and, of course, military capability. We must call on the best ... National Security Adviser . Brzezinski modeled the wording of the Carter Doctrine on the Truman Doctrine ... , author Daniel Yergin notes that the Carter Doctrine bore striking similarities to a 1903 Great Britain ... to the United States. ref harv Yergin 1991 p 428 ref The Eisenhower Doctrine in turn called for U.S. ... of the Carter Doctrine. ref harv Klare 2004 pp 33 45 ref In July 1979, in response to a 1979 energy ... States did not have significant military capabilities in the Persian Gulf region at the time the Carter Doctrine was proclaimed, the doctrine was criticized Who date May 2011 for being not backed ... called the Reagan Corollary to the Carter Doctrine , which proclaimed that the United States ... Iraq War . Thus, while the Carter Doctrine warned away outside forces from the region, the Reagan ... have argued that the implementation of the Carter Doctrine and the Reagan Corollary also played a role ... of the Carter Doctrine. http www.presidency.ucsb.edu ws index.php?pid 33079 1980 State of the Union ... more details
of State John Quincy Adams , author of the Monroe Doctrine The Monroe Doctrine is a policy of the United ... requiring U.S. intervention. ref name The Monroe Doctrine 1823 United States Department of State ... Doctrine 1823 ref The Doctrine noted that the United States would neither interfere with existing European colonies nor meddle in the internal concerns of European countries. The Doctrine was issued ... 155 ref President James Monroe first stated the doctrine during his seventh annual State of the Union ... of the Monroe Doctrine persisted with only minor variations for almost two centuries. Its primary ... and control that would make the New World a battleground for the Old. The doctrine put forward that the New ... 1593392923 ref Background Dexter Perkins wrote that the Monroe Doctrine was inspired by the Napoleonic ... to defend monarchism. In particular, the Holy Alliance authorized military incursions to re establish ... ref http books.google.com books?id FL G WdsCX0C&pg PA136&lpg PA136 ref The Doctrine The full document of the Monroe Doctrine is long and couched in diplomatic language, but its essence is expressed in two ... e monroe.htm The Monroe Doctrine U.S. Department of State, USInfo website, accessed 2 November ... for future colonization by any European powers. The second key passage, a fuller statement of the Doctrine ... name The Monroe Doctrine 1823 We owe it, therefore, to candor and to the amicable relations existing ... toward the United States. Effects of the Monroe Doctrine International Response Because the U.S. lacked both a credible navy and army at the time, the doctrine was largely disregarded internationally. ref name Brit1 However, the Doctrine met with tacit British approval, and the Royal Navy mostly ... 2009 10 12 isbn 9780391041059 ref The Special Relationship The Monroe Doctrine was viewed as a precursor ... in the 1820s The reaction in Latin America to the Monroe Doctrine was undeniably upbeat. John ... of his Military career of Sim n Bol var The Southern Campaign, Quito and Peru 1821 1824 last ... more details
vacuum. The Eisenhower Doctrine was a backflip against the previous policy, however, the US now had the burden of military action in the Middle East to itself. The military action provisions of the Doctrine ...The term Eisenhower Doctrine refers to a speech by President Dwight David Eisenhower on 5 January 1957, within a Special Message to the United States Congress Congress on the Situation in the Middle East . Under the Eisenhower Doctrine, a country could request American economic assistance and or aid from U.S. military forces if it was being threatened by armed aggression from another state ref Buescher, John. http teachinghistory.org history content ask a historian 23930 The U.S. and Egypt in the 1950s , http www.teachinghistory.org Teachinghistory.org , accessed August 20, 2011. ref . Eisenhower singled out the Soviet threat in his doctrine by authorizing the commitment of U.S. forces to secure and protect the territorial integrity and political independence of such nations, requesting such aid against covert armed aggression from any nation controlled by international communism. ref The Eisenhower Doctrine, 1957 see http www.state.gov r pa ho time lw 82548.htm ref In the global political context, the Doctrine was made in response to the possibility of a generalized war, threatened as a result of the Soviet Union s attempt to use the Suez War as a pretext to enter Egypt . Coupled with the power vacuum left by the decline of United Kingdom British and France French power in the region after the US protested against the conduct of their allies during in that same war, Eisenhower felt that a strong position needed to better the situation was further complicated by the positions ... from the Soviets. On the regional level, the intent was that the Doctrine would help to provide the independent ... isolating Communist influence through isolation of Nasser. The doctrine largely failed on that front ... doktr na de Eisenhower Doktrin et Eisenhoweri doktriin fr Doctrine Eisenhower ko it Dottrina ... more details
Doctrine was a policy set forth by U.S. President Harry S Truman in a speech ref http americanrhetoric.com ... would support History of Greece Greece and History of Turkey Turkey with economic and military ... to the Congress on Greece and Turkey The Truman Doctrine. Truman Library Public Papers, 12 March ... Who date January 2012 often consider it as the start of the Cold War . Truman stated the Doctrine ... Doctrine 2008 p 51 ref The policy won the support of Republicans who controlled Congress and involved sending 400 million in American money, but no military forces, to the region. The effect was to end the Communist threat, and in 1952 both countries Greece and Turkey joined NATO , a military ... Connection How the Truman Doctrine and Turkey s NATO Entry Contained the Soviets in the Middle East, 1990 ref The Doctrine was informally extended to become the basis of American Cold War policy throughout Europe and around the world. ref Dennis Merrill, The Truman Doctrine Containing Communism and Modernity ... Doctrine the U.S. response has been much debated by historians. ref name MerrillTruDoct ... assistance, ref cite book author Freeland, Richard M. title The Truman Doctrine and the Origins ... policy as the basis for what became known as the Truman Doctrine. To pass any legislation Truman ... author McGhee, George title The US Turkish NATO Middle East Connection How the Truman Doctrine Contained ... Doctrine was the first in a series of containment moves by the United States, followed by economic restoration of Western Europe through the Marshall Plan and military containment by the creation ... s plea, granted Greece 400 million in military and economic aid. Increased American aid helped ... dispatched military aid to ensure that Turkey would retain chief control of the passage. Turkey received 100 million in economic and military aid. The postwar period from 1946 started with a multi ... Doctrine underpinned American Cold War policy in Europe and around the world. The doctrine endured ... more details
Schneider Doctrine was a political doctrine originally espoused by Chile an General Ren Schneider , which allowed the Chilean presidential election, 1970 election of Salvador Allende as President of Chile , and was the main ideological obstacle to a military coup d tat against him. Background General Ren Schneider was Chilean Army Army Commander in chief at the time of the Chilean presidential election, 1970 1970 Chilean presidential election , which were marginally won by Salvador Allende on September 4, 1970, and required a further congressional vote for ratification. At that time the prospect of Salvador Allende winning the Chilean presidency was highly controversial, particularly within the Chilean military, because of his Marxist ideology. In response to all the public calls that the military received to intervene in the electoral process and prevent Allende s election, General Schneider expressed a profound belief in the apolitical role of the military and a firm opposition to the idea of preventing Allende s inauguration by means of a coup d tat . As a constitutionalist, he wished to preserve the military s apolitical role. Doctrine image Prats Schneider Cheyre 2.jpg thumb right 250px General Ren Schneider . He first enunciated this doctrine at a General Staff meeting on July 23, 1970. He wanted to make clear that the armed forces are not a road to political power nor an alternative to that power. They exist to guarantee the regular work of the political system and the use of force for any other purpose than its defense constitute high treason . He reinforced his posture with a public message to the military on September 19, 1970, during the celebrations of Army day and in the midst of the campaign to obtain congressional ratification to Allende s marginal electoral victory, saying that there were no options that would invite the armed forces to undo what the politicians had wrought in Chile ref http www.gwu.edu nsarchiv NSAEBB NSAEBB8 ch16 03.htm Cable Transmissions ... more details
The Dahiya doctrine is a military strategy put forth by the Israeli general Gadi Eizenkot that pertains to asymmetric warfare in an urban setting, in which the army deliberately targets civilian infrastructure, as a means of inducing suffering for the civilian population, thereby establishing deterrence. ref name UN United Nations General Assembly, http www2.ohchr.org english bodies hrcouncil docs 12session A HRC 12 48.pdf Report of the United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict , 25 09 2010 ref The doctrine is named after a Hizbullah stronghold in Beirut with large apartment buildings which were flattened by the Israel Defense Forces IDF during the 2006 Lebanon War . ref name FinallyRealizes ... The military approach expressed in the Dahiye Doctrine deals with asymmetrical combat against an enemy ... War The first public announcement of the doctrine was made by General Gadi Eizenkot , commander of the IDF ... immense damage and destruction. From our perspective, these are military bases. ... This isn t a suggestion ...&pg PA401&dq 22dahiya doctrine 22&hl en&ei v1mnTeaBL4TEswaI36j7Bg&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum ..., they are military bases, Maj. Gen. Eisenkot tells Yedioth Ahronoth ref Noting that Dahiya was the Shiite ... , Israeli journalist Yaron London wrote in 2008 that the doctrine, will become entrenched in our security ... Report makes several references to the Dahiya doctrine, calling it a concept which requires the application ... concluded that the doctrine had been put into practice during the conflict. ref name UN Criticism The doctrine ... to the magnitude of the enemy s actions. The report further argues that the doctrine was fully ... Richard Falk wrote that under the doctrine, the civilian infrastructure of adversaries such as Hamas or Hezbollah are treated as permissible military targets, which is not only an overt violation of the most elementary norms of the law of war and of universal morality, but an avowal of a doctrine of violence ... cs Doktr na Dah ja fr Doctrine Dahiya ... more details
The Yoshida Doctrine , named after Japan s Occupied Japan post World War II Prime Minister of Japan Prime Minister Shigeru Yoshida , involved placing highest national priority on economic development , while simultaneously keeping a low diplomacy diplomatic profile. ref Beeson, Mark. 2001 . http eprint.uq.edu.au archive 00000730 01 mb quasi.pdf Japan and Southeast Asia The Lineaments of Quasi Hegemony, p. 4 of linked e reprint, citing Pyle, Kenneth B. 1998 Restructuring Foreign Policy and Defence Policy Japan, in McGrew, A. et al. 1998 . Asia Pacific in the New World Order, pp. 121 36. ref Yoshida s aim was to focus all available means on an economic recovery after World War II while leaving Japan s military defense to the United States . Repeated attempts by the United States to get Japan to increase its Defense budget of Japan military expenditure were rejected by Yoshida on the basis of Japan s pacifist postwar constitution, in particular Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution Article 9 under which Japan renounces war as a sovereign right of the nation and the threat or use of force as means of settling international disputes. Thanks to this policy of focusing on trade and technological advances, Yoshida envisioned a speedy economic recovery through which Japan would be able to once again become a major world power at which point Japan would be in a position to rearm . His policy was thus not rooted in pacifism but was in line with the Realism international relations realist foreign policy that s been a dominating force in Japan s approach to international relations since the Meiji Restoration . Its traditional goal has been to capitalize on the trends of international politics in order to increase Japanese influence and standing throughout the world. The Yoshida Doctrine was the basic tenet of Japan s foreign policy throughout the Cold War . See also Foreign policy doctrine Fukuda Doctrine Notes reflist References Rodan, Garry, Hewison, Kevin and Robison, Richard ... more details
Doctrine Preemption, Military Primacy, New Multilateralism, and the Spread of Democracy. ref ... test The Bush Doctrine is a phrase used to describe various related foreign policy principles ... pundits would attribute different meanings to the Bush Doctrine , as it came to describe other elements ... to unilaterally pursue United States Foreign relations and military U.S. military interests ... States National Security Council ref The phrase Bush Doctrine was rarely used by members of the Bush ... of the Bush Doctrine, I would urge that person to consider the fate of the Taliban in Afghanistan, and of Saddam ...?id 28921 Vice President Tells West Point Cadets Bush Doctrine Is Serious , American Forces ... of the Bush Doctrine were delineated in a document, the National Security Strategy of the United States ... statement of the doctrine. ref name NYT Opinion 20030413 cite news last Editorial Opinion title Aftermath The Bush Doctrine url http query.nytimes.com gst fullpage.html?res 9C04E0D8153BF930A25757C0A9659C8B63 ... accessdate 2008 09 12 ref ref name NYT Opinion 20020922 cite news last Opinion title The Bush Doctrine ... of Empire The Bush Doctrine url http www.motherjones.com commentary columns 2003 01 ma 205 01.html ... as a pretext for aggression. Components The Bush Doctrine has been defined as a collection of strategy ... foreign policy. ref name kaufmandef Two main pillars are identified for the doctrine preemptive ... pbsdoctrine cite web url http www.pbs.org thinktank transcript1000.html title The Bush Doctrine work ... The Bush Doctrine url http www.chicagotribune.com news nationworld chi bush doctrinesep12,0,6804685.story ... thus in 2006, in a statement taken to reflect his view of the Doctrine s efficacy If I were rating ... articulates his discrete concept of the Bush Doctrine. According to the President, his doctrine consisted ... s presidency. Conservative commentator Charles Krauthammer , coiner of the term Bush Doctrine, deployed ... doctrine In American foreign policy, a new motto Don t ask. Tell url http edition.cnn.com ALLPOLITICS ... more details
image Paul Wolfowitz.jpg thumb Paul Wolfowitz, co author of the eponymous doctrine. Wolfowitz Doctrine is an unofficial name given to the initial version of the Defense Planning Guidance for the 1994 99 fiscal years dated February 18, 1992 authored by Undersecretary of Defense for Policy U.S. Undersecretary of Defense for Policy Paul Wolfowitz and his deputy Scooter Libby . Not intended for public release, it was leaked to The New York Times on March 7, 1992, and sparked a public controversy about U.S. foreign and defense policy. The document was widely criticized as imperialist as the document outlined a policy of unilateralism and pre emptive military action to suppress potential threats from other nations and prevent any other nation from rising to superpower status. Such was the outcry that the document was hastily re written under the close supervision of U.S. Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Colin Powell before being officially released on April 16, 1992. Although the initial release was denounced at the time it was leaked, many of its tenets have since re emerged in the Bush Doctrine . Doctrine articles Superpower status The doctrine ... primacy The doctrine establishes the U.S s leadership role within the new world order. The U.S. must ... could result. Unilateralism The doctrine downplays the value of international coalitions. Like the coalition ... emptive intervention The doctrine stated the U.S s right to intervene when and where it believed ... selectively those security problems that threaten our own interests. Russian threat The doctrine ... the conventional forces of the states formerly comprising the Soviet Union retain the most military ... military power in Eurasia and the only power in the world with the capability of destroying the United ..., Ukraine and the other republics of the former Soviet Union. Oil The doctrine clarified the strategic ... , March 2003. Applying the Wolfowitz Doctrine post the September 11 attacks Hijacking Catastrophe ... more details
see also Predestination Calvinism Doctrine of Election , the doctrine that the salvation of a man depends on the election of God for that end, of which there are two chief phases one is election to be Christ s, or unconditional election or Doctrine of Free Will , and the other that it is election in Christ, or conditional election. In its proper theology theological sense, the Doctrine of Election is monergism monergistic as opposed to synergism synergistic . Nuttall Christian theology stub Category Christian theology ... more details
cleanup nocat true date March 2011 The Obama Doctrine is a term frequently used to describe one or several unifying principles of the foreign policy of Barack Obama . Unlike the Monroe Doctrine , the Obama Doctrine is not a specific foreign policy introduced by the executive, but rather a phrase used ... to speculate on what the exact tenets of an Obama Doctrine might look like. Generally speaking, it is accepted that a central part of such a doctrine would emphasize negotiation and collaboration ... by some as a welcome change from the more interventionist Bush Doctrine . ref name Chollet Critics ... ref name Holmes cite web title Defining the Obama Doctrine, Its Pitfalls, and How to Avoid Them first Kim R. last Holmes url http www.heritage.org research reports 2010 08 defining the obama doctrine ... at the Berlin Victory Column Victory Column in Berlin . The term Obama Doctrine was used long before ... Doctrine could be summarised as The United States will remain impassive in the face of genocide ... he said that the United States cannot use its military to solve humanitarian problems and that preventing ... debates in March, Obama answered that his doctrine was not going to be as doctrinaire as the Bush doctrine, because the world is complicated. He added that the United States would have to view .... ref name Debate Later this doctrine was elaborated on as a doctrine that first ends the politics ... no one , Mark Silva, Chicago Tribune The Swamp blog, May 15, 2008 ref In 2008, the term Obama Doctrine ... on January 20, 2009, commentators began to speculate on the emergence of a distinct Obama Doctrine ... Doctrine was influenced by French philosopher Charles de Secondat, baron de Montesquieu Montesquieu ... conflicts. The Obama Doctrine, in Drezner s interpretation, was to abandon foreign policies that had ... view of what he saw as the Obama Doctrine. The column came in the direct aftermath of the successful ... . He defined the doctrine as a form of realism unafraid to deploy American power but mindful that its ... more details
Dablink For the rule of evidence in law, see doctrine of chances . italic title File Abraham de Moivre Doctrine of Chance 1718.gif thumb right Front page of the 1st edition of the Doctrine of Chances . The Doctrine of Chances was the first textbook on probability theory , written by 18th century French mathematician Abraham de Moivre and first published in 1718. ref name schneider citation title Landmark Writings in Western Mathematics 1640 1940 editor first I. editor last Grattan Guinness first Ivor last Schneider editor link Ivor Grattan Guinness contribution Abraham De Moivre, The Doctrine of Chances 1718, 1738, 1756 year 2005 isbn 0444508716 page 105 120 publisher Elsevier location Amsterdam . ref De Moivre wrote in English because he resided in England at the time, having fled France to escape the persecution of Huguenots . The book s title came to be synonymous with probability theory , and accordingly the phrase was used in Thomas Bayes famous posthumous paper An Essay towards solving a Problem in the Doctrine of Chances , wherein a version of Bayes theorem was first introduced. Editions The full title of the first edition was The doctrine of chances or, a method for calculating the probabilities of events in play it was published in 1718, by W. Pearson, and ran for 175 pages. Published in 1738 by Woodfall and running for 258 pages, the second edition of de Moivre s book ... reflist Additional reading citation first Anders last Hald contribution De Moivre and the Doctrine ... edition of The Doctrine of Chances. http books.google.com books?id 3EPac6QpbuMC Full text of The Doctrine ... The Doctrine of Chance at MathPages Category Mathematics books Doctrine of Chances, The Category 1718 books Doctrine of Chances, The Category 1738 books Doctrine of Chances 2nd edition , The Category Statistics books Doctrine of Chances, The Category 1710s in science Category 1718 in science es The Doctrine of Chances nl The Doctrine of Chances ... more details
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