Meshnetworking topology is a type of networking where each node must not only capture and disseminate ... schools in developing nations and uses meshnetworking based on the IEEE 802.11s standard ... 2008 02 23 ref The Champaign Urbana Community Wireless Network CUWiN project is developing meshnetworking ... MeshNetworking. An examples is ITU T G.hn , a standard that specifies a high speed up to 1 Gigabit ... of wireless meshnetworking Distinct radio node deployments of Wireless MeshNetworking BioWeb Wireless ... to sites that provide actual information about meshnetworking. No links to sites that primarily ... Limits of MANETS http www.ted.com talks view id 212 Robin Chase discusses Zipcar and Meshnetworking Robin Chase talks at the Ted conference about the future of meshnetworking and eco technology ... to the Wireless Mesh Networks Category Network topology Category Networks Category Wireless networking ... the data in the network. A mesh network can be designed using a flooding technique or a routing ... self healing algorithms. A mesh network whose nodes are all connected to each other is a fully connected network . Mesh networks can be seen as one type of ad hoc network. Mobile ad hoc network s MANET and mesh networks are therefore closely related, but MANET also have to deal with the problems introduced ... interaction. Wireless mesh networks Wireless mesh networks were originally developed for military applications and are typical of mesh architectures. Over the past decade the size, cost, and power ... acting as a mesh node. The additional radios within each node enable it to support multiple functions ... applications . Additionally, the reduction in radio size, cost, and power has enabled the mesh nodes ... File Building a Rural Wireless Mesh Network A DIY Guide v0.8.pdf thumb Building a Rural Wireless Mesh Network A DIY Guide PDF In early 2007, the US based firm Meraki launched a mini wireless mesh router. ref citeweb title Meraki Mesh url http meraki.com oursolution mesh publisher meraki.com accessdate ... more details
. This healing is fully automatic. Over the years, wireless meshnetworking has seen three unique deployments ... Generation of Wireless Mesh. Citation needed date May 2010 The following deployments are briefly described of various configurations of first generation Wireless MeshNetworking Dr. Winrich Hoseit ... nations and uses meshnetworking based on the IEEE 802.11s standard to create a robust and inexpensive ... on 2.4 GHz 802.11 . This is accomplished using Software Defined Radio SDR . See also Meshnetworking ... about meshnetworking. No links to sites that primarily exist to sell products or services. please ... form self heal.gif thumb Fig 1 Self Healing Mesh Image WIKIthreegenerationslg.gif thumb Fig 2 Three generations of Mesh Image Single radio mesh.gif thumb Fig 3 Single Radio Mesh Cycle Image Third Generation mesh hop.gif thumb Fig 4 Third Generation Cycle The core advantage of wireless mesh network s is their inherent ability to form a network on power up. Watch what happens in Fig 1, when the mesh ... 1 Radio Mesh As shown in Figure 3, this configuration uses one radio channel both to service clients and to provide the mesh routing path back to a wired or satellite link Backhaul telecommunications backhaul . The single mesh radio, provides both services client access and backhaul. Comparative ..., because backhaul and service compete for bandwidth. Also all single radio mesh architectures suffer from the send receive wait cycle shown in Figure 3. Since there is only radio, the mesh node ... hop across many intermediate nodes first. Dual Radio with 1 Radio backhaul mesh This configuration ... and an 802.11a 5 GHz radio can be used for backhaul. Most mesh products available today fall ... when compared with single radio ad hoc mesh networks. But since a single radio mesh is still servicing ... path with other interfering mesh backhaul nodes all operating on the same channel. This degrades throughput as shown in Figure 3, which are not as severe as for the single radio mesh, but which ... more details
Other uses Unreferenced date December 2009 wiktionary mesh File Tea strainer.jpg right thumb This tea strainer is made of metal meshMesh consists of semi permeable barrier made of connected strands of metal , fiber , or other flexible ductile material. Mesh is similar to spider web web or Net textile net in that it has many attached or woven strands. Types of mesh A plastic mesh is extruded, oriented , expanded or tubular . Plastic mesh can be made from polypropylene , polyethylene , nylon , PVC or PTFE . A metal mesh can be weaving woven , knitting knitted , welded, Expanded metal expanded , photo chemically etched or Electroforming electroformed screen filter from steel or other metal s. In clothing , a mesh is often defined as a loosely woven or knitted fabric that has a large number of closely spaced holes, frequently used for modern sports jersey clothing jersey s and other clothing. A mesh skin graft is a skin patch that has been cut systematically to create a mesh. Meshing of skin grafts provides coverage of a greater surface area at the recipient site, and also allows for the egress of serous or sanguinous fluid. However, it results in a rather pebbled appearance upon healing that may ultimately look less aesthetically pleasing. ref http emedicine.medscape.com article 1295109 ... wire and chain link fence s can also be considered a type of mesh. Metal and nylon wire mesh filters ... mesh is used in guarding for secure areas and as protection in the form of vandal screens. Wire mesh ... mesh is the separation medium in vibratory screening units. Mesh is also used as pockets for lacrosse stick s. A huge quantity of mesh is being used for screen printing work. Various types of mesh are used for different kinds of printing. Mesh can be used for many types of electronic drum heads. Surgical mesh is used to provide a reinforcing structure in surgical procedures like inguinal hernioplasty, and umbilical hernia repair. See also Mesh scale Polygon mesh Gauze References reflist Fabric ... more details
In peer to peer networking, a supernode is any node networking node that also serves as one of that network s relayers and proxy server s, handling data flow and connections for other users. This semi distributed architecture allows data to be decentralized without requiring excessive overhead at every node. However, the increased workload of supernodes generally requires additional network bandwidth computing bandwidth and Central processing unit CPU time. Some peer to peer designs allow for the user to control whether their node is a supernode others do not. For example, Skype by default is configured as a supernode, an issue that has caused controversy. Despite criticism, Skype has contended that supernodes on their network act only to maintain information about who is online at a given time, and are not used to route calls between users. Beginning with version 3.0, Skype allows users to avoid becoming a supernode by modifying the Windows registry . External links http saikat.guha.cc pub iptps06 skype An Experimental Study of the Skype Peer to Peer VoIP System http ictupdate.cta.int en Feature Articles The mesh potato network The Mesh Potato Network South African Project On Cheap Telephone Systems In Rural Areas Internet stub Category File sharing de Supernode ko Supernode ... more details
Infobox Company type Subsidiary foundation flagicon USA United States location flagicon USA United States industry Computer networking parent Cisco Systems Hammerhead Networking is a computer networking company based in the United States . It was acquired by Cisco Systems on May 1, 2002. Category Software companies of the United States Category Cisco Systems acquisitions US software company stub ... more details
Orphan date September 2008 Taste networking , also called value networking , is a specific mode of social networking that uses personal tastes as a basis for making social connections in an online environment. Whereas the majority of existing social network service s use schools, workplaces, geographic locations or pre existing friends to connect users, sites that use the taste networking model use tastes and values. Assessing users preferences in any number of areas the model s pioneering site, MyTrybe covers the full spectrum of arts and entertainment categories music, film and TV, gaming, the visual arts, and so on, plus a variety of lifestyle topics food, travel, fashion and news , taste networking services connect users based on their similarities. The theory behind this model is that it allows users to make more personally relevant social connections than does the standard social networking model. By using more granular tastes and values, that is, rather than the broad commonalities implied by membership to a school, workplace, or the like, this model is able to make high quality, individually tailored connections. One major advantage of the concept is that it allows for the seamless integration of both online social networking and content delivery. Within a taste networking environment, content has a particular relevance social connections are made based on substantive preferences that can be expressed and tracked easily through content. And, since users are already filtered by their preferences in this model, content can be easily personalized as well. MyTrybe, for example, is a dual service, offering both social networking and social bookmarking platforms. It offers users the chance to network with others based on their shared taste, and to get personalized content recommendations through that network called a Trybe in this case . References Glazowski, Paul. MyTrybe ... at 10 20 AM PST. http mashable.com 2008 02 01 mytrybe Category Social networking services ... more details
Networking hardware typically refers to equipment facilitating the use of a computer networking computer network . Typically, this includes router s, network switch switches , ethernet hub hubs , Gateway telecommunications gateways , wireless access point access point s, network interface card s, Networking cables , network bridge s, modem s, Integrated Services Digital Network ISDN adapters , Firewall computing firewalls and other related hardware. The most common kind of networking hardware today is copper based Ethernet Network interface card adapters , helped largely by its standard inclusion on most modern computer systems. 802.11 Wireless networking has become increasingly popular, however, especially for portable and handheld devices. Other hardware prevalent within computer networking is datacenter equipment such as file server s, database server s and storage area network storage area s , network service s such as Domain name system DNS , DHCP , email etc as well as other specific network devices such as Content Delivery Network content delivery . Other diverse devices which may be considered Networking hardware include mobile phone s, Personal digital assistant PDAs and even modern coffee machine s. As technology grows and Internet Protocol IP based networks are integrated into building infrastructure and household utilities, network hardware becomes an ambiguous statement owing to the increasing number of network capable endpoints. External links http fcit.usf.edu network chap3 chap3.htm USF Explanation of network hardware http www.networkliquidators.com ISO 2008 Certified Website Commonscat Network hardware Category Networking hardware be x old et Sidev rguseadmed es Hardware de red pt Hardware de rede ru ... more details
Optical networking can refer to Optical communication Fiber optic communication Synchronous optical networking Optical Transport Network OTN Passive optical network disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
Multiple issues wikify January 2011 essay like September 2010 neologism Speed Networking is a method ... their pool of vendors. Speed networking is often referenced as a derivative of speed dating 2 , the round ... 1990s 3 . Speed networking, a more recent concept, arose from the combination of speed dating and business networking and is thought to have started in the United States and, perhaps, simultaneously in the United Kingdom 4 . Speed networking was first utilized during the US economic downturn of the early ... and founder of a speed dating network 6 . Although the techniques for speed dating and speed networking .... 7 Organization Speed networking can be based on one of three models meeting random attendees ... group. Most speed networking events begin in the style of a more traditional meeting an open ... on the available models see above . In general, speed networking events all have time limits placed ... networking model calls for specific movements of participants to a preassigned table or group ... In the round robin model of speed networking attendees meet each other sequentially. The pairings ... In the station based model of speed networking, attendees meet each other individually based on a pre ... partners according to their list for a set period of time. A typical station based speed networking ... of speed networking attendees do not meet individually but instead are assigned to a sequence of tables ... Speed networking has many applications. A variety of organizations utilize speed networking to structure ... shows. Events that benefit from speed networking include membership drives, networking events, mentoring programs, career fairs, team building exercises and vendor pairings. Speed networking is particularly useful when many organisations are gathering at large events. 8 Advantages Speed networking .... Each attendee is guaranteed to meet more people than he she typically would using traditional networking ... and chambers of commerce. The different speed networking modalities can also offer specific benefits ... more details
Distinguish Network marketing Unreferenced date July 2010 Business networking is a socioeconomic activity .... There are several prominent business networking organizations that create models of networking activity ... technology in support of business networking. Many businesspeople contend business networking .... This is because business networking is a low cost activity that involves more personal commitment ... one to one relationship with the fellow member. Business networking can be conducted in a local business community, or on a larger scale via the Internet . Business networking websites have grown ... networking can have a meaning also in the Information and communications technology ICT domain, i.e. ... business networking Businesses are increasingly using business social networks as a means of growing their circle of business contacts and promoting themselves online. In general these networking tools ... partners the networking tools allow individuals to search for certain people within their network ... sized companies. Face to face business networking Professionals who wish to leverage their presentation ... and exclusive events. Many professionals tend to prefer face to face networking over online based networking because the potential for higher quality relationships are possible. Many individuals also ... business with. Face time Face to face business networking is often facilitated by referral networking clubs. General business networking Before online networking, there was and has always been, networking ... for introducing and meeting one another, and establishing rapport. Networked Businesses With networking ..., selective, and controlling. Business networking in the ICT domain Companies and organizations ... presently, also by different types of web based innovations. A truly ICT business networking ... BUSINESS 04 08 social.media.small.biz index.html 9 Ways To Leverage Your Online Business Networking Activities , April 18, 2010 citation title Business networking shaping collaboration between enterprises ... more details
Active networking is a communication pattern that allows packets flowing through a telecommunications network to dynamically modify the operation of the network. How it works Active network architecture is composed of execution environments similar to a unix shell that can execute active packets , a Node networking node operating system capable of supporting one or more execution environments. It also consists of active hardware, capable of routing or switching as well as executing code within active packets. This differs from the traditional network architecture which seeks robustness and stability by attempting to remove complexity and the ability to change its fundamental operation from underlying network components. Network processor s are one means of implementing active networking concepts. Active networks have also been implemented as overlay network s. What does it offer? Active networking allows the possibility of highly tailored and rapid real time changes to the underlying network operation. This enables such ideas as sending code along with packets of information allowing the data to change its form code to match the channel characteristics. The smallest program that can generate a sequence of data can be found in the definition of Kolmogorov complexity . The use of real time Genetic Algorithm genetic algorithms within the network to compose network services is also enabled by active networking. Fundamental challenges Active network research addresses the nature of how best to incorporate extremely dynamic capability within networks ref Bush, S. F., A Simple Metric ... As the limit in reduction of transistor size is reached with current technology, active networking ... in nanoscale networking . See also Nanoscale networking Network processing References Reflist 2 Further ...., ISBN 1 58053 745 6 External links http www.research.ge.com bushsf AVNMP.html Active Networking at GE ... Networking Category Network architecture Category Computer networks mk Active networking ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2007 Distributed Networking is a distributed computing network system, said to be distributed when the computer programming and the data to be worked on are spread out over more than one computer, usually over a network. Prior to low cost computer power on the desktop, computing was centralized. Although such centers still exist, distribution networking applications and data operate more efficiently over a mix of desktop workstations, local area network servers, regional servers, Web servers, and other servers. A popular trend has been client server computing which is simply the view that a client computer can provide certain capabilities for a user and request others from other computers that provide services for the clients. The World Wide Web Web s Hypertext Transfer Protocol is an example of this idea. Enterprises that have grown in scale over the years and those that are continuing to grow are finding it extremely challenging to manage their distributed network in the traditional client server computing model. The recent developments in the field of cloud computing has opened up new possibilities. Cloud based networking vendors have started to sprout offering solutions for enterprise distributed networking needs. Whether it turns out to revolutionize the distributed networking space or turns out to be another fad remains to be seen. See also Distributed data store Distributed file system Cloud based networking Cloud computing , a more general concept whose current implementations are often dependent on data center s rather than a distributed network compu network stub Category File sharing networks Category Distributed data storage ja ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 originalresearch date May 2008 notability date May 2008 Venture Networking is defined as the process of networking people seeking investment of various stages, with people who have the financial or other means for the purpose of establishing or growing business ventures. Traditional investment routes Venture networking has traditionally occurred where entrepreneurs or brokers acting on behalf of the entrepreneurs present ventures seeking capital to angel investors, venture capitalists, private equity firms or other sources of investment. Each investor is independently approached requiring substantial effort and time and money before an investor is identified who is both interested in investing and will invest in the venture given the mutually agreed conditions by both parties. Dragons Den Sony s Money no Tora Japan and BBC s Dragons Den UK with spin offs in Australia, New Zealand, Israel, Canada, Netherlands, United States, Finland and the Arab world, are television shows in which entrepreneurs present their idea or venture that requires funding to panel of typically 5 potential investors. The investors ask questions and if they think the venture has merit will negotiate with the entrepreneur for a certain amount of equity in exchange for capital. Given the format and nature of the program many ventures however do not receive fair consideration and are prematurely rejected. Other ventures do secure the promise of investment but later funding is retracted typically because the Dragon had a change of heart and sited a minor technical reason to allow the offer to be retracted or misleading information was delivered in the pitch. What Dragons Den does offer however is a single pitch to many investors. Dragons Den is a form of venture networking, albeit designed for television for the purposes of obtaining viewers. Venture networking, web2.0 A new mechanism for venture networking in which a single venture can be easily and effectively pitched to a large ... more details
tone date August 2009 Brand networking is the engagement of a social networking service around a brand by providing consumers with a platform of relevant content, elements of participation, and a currency, score, or ranking. Brands are using brand networking to create communities that serve as a fully encompassing interactive destination to incentivize brand participation online and off. This evolved level of user participation with the brand creates strong relationships with consumers and leverages sales and generates fan equity. ref name aacv.org Brand Networking Social Media Ownership, Return on Involvement and Open Social Networks http www.aacv.org Association of Advertising & Creative Versioning Retrieved on April 5, 2009 ref History The development and growth of social networking in the early 2000s gave birth to brand networking. Brands saw the immediate potential to reach and interact with consumers through online platforms like Facebook and MySpace . At first the ability to reach consumers by way of these platforms was inadequate brands had the option to join as members or simply advertise on these sites. The potential existed to not only display advertisements to consumers, but to engage them to interact with the brand. This is when brands made the shift to create their own networking platforms. Less evolved attempts to connect brands with consumers via networking typically ... which is all geared toward the show . Structure Brand Networking is more than a social networking .... Three key elements, in unity, create brand networking relevant content, elements of participation ... through the combination of typical social networking features online personalized page, friends ... or e commerce destinations. The final element of brand networking involves incentivizing participation ... are distributed for activity outside of the networking site. By incentivizing usage offline the brand ... boards, reviews Yes Yes No References Reflist Category Social networking services ... more details
Autonomic Networking follows the concept of Autonomic Computing , an initiative started by IBM in 2001 ..., but also burdens existing networking infrastructure with more and more tasks that sooner or later ... to the ANS. Components of autonomic networking As autonomics conceptually derives from biological entities ... threats. In the case of autonomic networking, the state of the network may be defined by inputs from .... The autognostic system interoperates with Autonomic Networking Configuration management configuration management to control network elements and interfaces Autonomic Networking Policy management policy management to define performance objectives and constraints Autonomic Networking Autodefense autodefense ... with all of the other sub systems including Autonomic Networking Autognostics autognostics receives direction for and validation of changes Autonomic Networking Policy management policy management implements policy models through mapping to underlying resources Autonomic Networking Security security applies access and authorization constraints for particular policy targets Autonomic Networking ... at least indirectly with all other sub systems but primarily interacts with Autonomic Networking ... Autonomic Networking Configuration management configuration management providing constraints on device configuration Autonomic Networking Security security providing definitions of roles, access ... Networking Security security receives definition of roles and security constraints, and defines risk for proactive mitigation Autonomic Networking Configuration management configuration management ... or detected attack Autonomic Networking Autognostics autognostics receives notification of detected ... directly with Autonomic Networking Policy management policy management receiving high level directives related to access and priority Autonomic Networking Configuration management configuration management sending specifics for access and admission control Autonomic Networking Autodefense autodefense ... more details
In IEEE IEEE 802.11 802.11 Wi Fi terminology, a station STA is a device that has the capability to use the 802.11 protocol. For example, a station may be a laptop , a desktop PC, PDA , access point or Wi Fi phone. A STA may be fixed, mobile or portable. Generally in wireless networking terminology, a station, wireless client and Node networking node are often used interchangeably, and no strict distinction existing between these terms. With a station also being referred as transmitter or receiver based on its transmission characteristics. IEEE 802.11 2007 formally defines station as Any device that contains an IEEE 802.11 conformant medium access control MAC and physical layer PHY interface to the wireless medium WM . See also Basic Service Set Service set identifier External links http standards.ieee.org getieee802 download 802.11 2007.pdf Standards document IEEE 802.11 2007 Category Wi Fi Compu network stub pt Esta o rede de computadores ... more details
Orphan date October 2008 Visual networking refers to an emerging class of user applications that combine digital video and social networking capabilities. It is based upon the premise that visual literacy, the ability to interpret, negotiate and make meaning from information presented in the form of a moving image, is a powerful force in how humans communicate, entertain and learn. The duality of visual networking subsuming entertainment and communications , professional and personal content, video and other digital media, data networks and social networks to create immersive experiences, when ... and sharing between users. History of visual networking The rise of visual networking is relatively recent phenomenon driven by the emergence of social networking capabilities and the ability to deliver interactive video over a broadband network. It is a natural evolution of the current social networking phenomena whereby social networking annotations are layered over broadband video to create ... pursued new combinations of video and social networking across a wide range of entertainment, communication ..., informative and memorable. Social networking meets video At the core of visual networking is the concept ... than five intermediaries , social networking establishes interconnected Internet communities sometimes ... how many people have watched something or how many sites link to it. Early examples of visual networking YouTube is the best early example of a visual networking experience. YouTube is a video sharing ... from television or cinema, where the viewpoint is out of the control of the viewer. Other visual networking applications While still in its infancy, visual networking applications are beginning to emerge ..., Wired , Oct. 2004 References The Dawn of Visual Networking Social Networking and Video Make a Powerful Brew Roger L. Kay, 2008 , How visual networking could spell the end for the iPod R. Enderle ... Category Social networking services Category Video ... more details
Slum Networking is a holistic approach for improving urban infrastructure , developed by Himanshu Parikh http archnet.org library parties one party.tcl?party id 421 of Ahmedabad , India . It addresses a range of facilities needed by slum dwellers http web.mit.edu urbanupgrading upgrading resources bibliography TOC Slum Networking.html road s and Sidewalk footpath s storm drain storm drainage sanitation and sanitary sewer sewerage water supply earthworks engineering earthworks and soft landscaping street lighting solid waste management This is achieved minimal donor funding by maximizing community participation decision making participation and using microcredit systems. Technical aspects Image World Bank Funded public toilet in Indore City before Slum Networking Project.png thumb World Bank funded public toilet block in Indore City, surrounded by a cesspit Unsourced image removed image Indore City Street before Slum Networking Project.png thumb Street in Indore City before the slum networking project Unsourced image removed Image Indore City Street after slum networking.png thumb Street in Indore City after the slum networking project Drainage and sanitary sewer sewerage are made lower cost by making them follow the topography . Thus sewers do not need to be buried deeply, digging is reduced, and pumping of sewage is avoided as the sewers follow the natural drainage paths. In a lecture ref http www.ewb uk.org node 954 EWB UK Lecture , Cambridge, January 2004 MP3 format 81.4 MB ref for Engineers Without Borders UK , Himanshu Parikh explained that his research into the growth of slums had led to the realisation that slums always develop along the natural drainage paths. Therefore the cheapest way to provide sewerage to a city is to build major sewers through the slums and connect the higher and usually richer areas of the city to them. This then provides sewerage to the whole ... http www.efm.leeds.ac.uk CIVE Sewerage articles Slum 20Networking.htm Slum Networking A Holistic ... more details
Multiple issues unreferenced August 2009 notability August 2009 Mergeto landline date January 2010 In Telecommunications network networking terminology, wired networks are sometimes referred as wireline networks . Eg PSTN lines connected by telephone cable, ethernet networks connected by Twisted pair ethernet cables . In any case the medium of transmission telecommunications transmission would be a physical wire. The Federal Communications Commission has a Wireline Competition Bureau that develops and recommends policy goals, objectives, programs and plans for the Commission on matters concerning wireline telecommunications. The Wireline Competition Bureau s overall objectives include ensuring choice, opportunity, and fairness in the development of wireline telecommunications services and markets developing deregulatory initiatives promoting economically efficient investment in wireline telecommunications infrastructure promoting the development and widespread availability of wireline telecommunications services and fostering economic growth. The Bureau is organized into four divisions and an Administrative and Management Office. DEFAULTSORT Wireline Networking Category Telecommunications terms Telecomm stub ... more details
information or mobile phone tracking can enable location based service s to enrich social networking ... GPS navigation into more sophisticated capabilities. Uses Geosocial networking allows users to interact ... of users to decide on a meeting activity. In disaster scenarios, geosocial networking can allow ... through an assembly of individual perspectives. This type of geosocial networking is known as collaborative ... features that are additional to geolocating. Ad hoc networking A mobile ad hoc network is an opt in group ... to communicate freely with each other. This sort of social networking is used mostly during events ... ref and Hot Potato. Food sourcing A less utilized form of geosocial networking is one mostly used by fast ... a social networking game ?scp 6&sq social 20networking&st Search work The New York Times first Nick last Bilton title Making Lunch a Social Networking Game date 13 August 2010 ref Freelancing Freelancing ... Networking? Try Social Shopping date 11 September 2006 ref Sites have gone so far as to allow ... they will be removed as linkspam Geolocation Location awareness List of social networking websites Virtual community Geographic information system Please do not list geo social networking companies they will be removed as spam DEFAULTSORT Geosocial Networking Category Social networks Category Collaborative mapping Category Geosocial networking Category Article Feedback Pilot es Red ... more details
Networking Cables are used to connect one network device to other or to connect two or more computers to share printer computing printer , Image scanner scanner etc. Different types of network cables like Coaxial cable , Optical fiber cable , Twisted Pair cables are used depending on the network s network topology topology , Network Protocols protocol and size. The devices can be separated by a few meters e.g. via Ethernet or nearly unlimited distances e.g. via the interconnections of the Internet . While Wireless network wireless may be the wave of the future, most computer networks today still utilize cables to transfer signals from one point to another ref http www.networktutorials.info cabling.html Network Cables ref . Twisted pair main Twisted pair Twisted pair cabling is a form of wiring in which two conductors the forward and return conductors of a single Electronic circuit circuit are twisted together for the purposes of canceling out electromagnetic interference EMI from external sources for instance, electromagnetic radiation Twisted pair are classified into two types unshielded twisted pair shielded twisted pair from unshielded twisted pair UTP cables, and crosstalk between neighboring pairs.This type of cable is used only for home networking Optical fiber cable main Optical fiber cable An optical fiber cable is a cable containing one or more optical fiber s. The optical fiber elements are typically individually coated with plastic layers and contained in a protective tube suitable for the environment where the cable will be deployed. Coaxial cable main coaxial cable ... connecting two personal computer s via their Computer networking network adapters. Power lines Although power wires are not designed for networking applications, new technologies like Power line communication ... Optical link List of device bandwidths colend References reflist DEFAULTSORT Networking Cables Category Cables Category Ethernet cables Category Signal cables Category Networking hardware da ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 In information technology, downstream refers to the transfer speed usually that of an internet connection by which data can be sent from the Server computing server to the client computing client . The process by which downstream is utilized is known as download ing . In the US, optimal 56k connections are able to send 53 Bits per second kilobits per second to the client. Asymmetrical or asynchronous DSL and Cable modem Cable Modems, the two most popular broadband services in the world today, have greatly improved downstream speeds in comparison with 56 k, with speeds reaching over 7 Mbit s. However, the overall download speed of a file is dependent on both the downstream of the user and the upstream of the server. See also Upstream networking Upstream DEFAULTSORT Downstream Computer Science Category Data transmission Network stub de Stromabw rts und stromaufw rts it Downstream nl Downstream pt Jusante ... more details
Multiple issues orphan April 2009 context April 2009 notability April 2009 Balance is a simple but powerful generic TCP proxy with round robin load balancing and failover mechanisms. Its behaviour can be controlled at runtime using a simple command line syntax. Balance successfully runs at least on Linux 386 , Linux Itanium , FreeBSD , BSD OS, Solaris operating system Solaris , Cygwin , Mac OS X, HP UX and many more. Balance is Open Source Software and released under GPL licensing terms. Balance has been created by Thomas Obermair , software developer and CEO of Inlab Software GmbH . External links http www.inlab.de balance.html Balance website http www.inlab.de balanceng BalanceNG website Freshmeat balance Balance DEFAULTSORT Balance Networking Category Free network related software Category Unix network related software ... more details
Image UDP encapsulation.svg 450px thumb Encapsulation sequence of user data in the TCP IP protocol stack. In computer network ing, encapsulation is a method of designing modular communication protocols in which logically separate functions in the network are abstraction computer science abstracted from their underlying structures by inclusion or information hiding within higher level objects. The physical layer is responsible for physical transmission of the data. Link encapsulation allows local area networking and IP provides global addressing of individual computers UDP adds application or process selection, i.e., the TCP and UDP port port specifies the service such as a web server Web or Trivial File Transfer Protocol TFTP server. In discussions of encapsulation, the more abstract layer is often called the upper layer protocol while the more specific layer is called the lower layer protocol . Sometimes, however, the terms upper layer protocol s and lower layer protocol s are used to describe the layers above and below IP, respectively. Encapsulation is a characteristic feature of most networking models, including the OSI Model and TCP IP Model TCP IP Suite of protocols. See also Cross layer optimization Information hiding Tunneling protocol References unreferenced date January 2008 External links http learn networking.com tcp ip how encapsulation works within the tcpip model How Encapsulation In The TCP IP Model Works http www.visualland.net view.php?cid 1028&protocol Encapsulation&title 2. 20Router 20encap&ctype 1 Animation of router encapsulation and decapsulation Category Network protocols de Datenkapselung Netzwerktechnik fa fr Encapsulation r seau lv Iekapsul ana ja nl Inkapselen netwerk pl Enkapsulacja sie ru sv Inkapsling datorkommunikation ... more details
Data packets often have to go through router s more generally Gateway telecommunications gateway s , if not several, before they reach their final destination. Each time packets are passed to the next router a hop occurs. To see how many hops it takes to get from one host to another ping or traceroute tracepath commands can be used . Hop Count The distance between two hosts. The hop count n means that n gateways separate the source host from the destination host. Hop Limit In IPv4 known as time to live , and Hop Limit in IPv6 , this field specifies a limit on the number of hops a packet is allowed before it should be discarded. This prevents packets from following a loop forever. Next Hop Routing term used for the next gateway to which packets should be forwarded along the path to its final destination. one technique to make content of a routing table smaller is called next hop routing Next Hop Forwarding A routing table usually contains the IP address of a destination network and the IP address of the next gateway next hop along the path to the final network destination. Using a routing table to store a next hop for each known destination is called next hop forwarding . Therefore a given gateway only knows one step along the path, not the complete path to a destination. It is also key to know that the next hops listed in a routing table are on networks to which the gateway is directly connected to. References Comer, Douglas E. Internetworking with TCP IP , fifth edition. Pearson Prentice Hall,2006. ISBN 0 13 187671 6 DEFAULTSORT Hop Networking Category Computer networking ... more details
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